Drilling from "A" to "Z": the choice of tools and the nuances of working with materials. How to drill a tile: we drill a tile correctly so that it does not crack How to quickly drill a hole in metal

In the field of repair, the ability to drill correctly is one of the basic ones. In addition to the general rules, it is important to take into account all the nuances when working with a specific material: concrete, tiles, metal, etc. All issues related to drilling will be covered in this article.

As already mentioned, drilling is the most common occupation for a repairman, and therefore it is important to immediately learn a few basic rules associated with this occupation.

• Using the right toolkit. There are many drills, each of which is designed for a certain kind of material. Therefore, you should not try to drill concrete with a wood drill and vice versa. It is also important to consider the conditions in which the tool will be operated. For example, for repairs interior spaces do not use industrial drills (it is simply unsafe). It is also important to consider moisture resistance: for outdoor work, an IP34 class tool will be required if the climate in the area is humid and IP32 if the weather is to be worked in good weather. Indoor use IPX2/
• Smart markup. Before starting any work, it is important to carefully and accurately mark the drilling locations with a marker. You can still stick paper tape under the marker so that the drill does not slide over the material.
• Select the required drilling speed. It all depends equally on both the material and the diameter of the blade. If we are talking about very thin drills (with a diameter of less than 3 mm), then you need to work at low speeds, less than four hundred per minute. For other drills, there is the following rule: the thinner the drill, the greater the drilling speed required.

In addition, it is important to ensure that the handle is securely attached to the hand drill shaft. Also, the drill should not be twisted.

Drilling subtleties for various materials

How to drill metal correctly + (Video)

The first thing to start with is the selection of drills. They are distinguished by a sharp edge designed for easy entry of the drill into the metal. Ordinary metal drills are good for not too solid metals like copper or aluminum, but for something harder (for example, for stainless steel), you need to take products made of titanium carbide or chrome-vanadium alloy.

Separately, we should talk about optimal speeds. Common mistake novice masters is to use too many revolutions. In fact, for hard metals, medium speeds are used: for example, brass a centimeter thick will optimally be drilled at a speed of 2000-2500 revolutions.

There are a few more points that need to be covered. So:

• If you want to drill a thin iron plate, it must be fixed between two pieces of wood. This is done so that the sheet of metal does not break.
• It is necessary to use lubricating oil from time to time to keep the drill cool and make drilling easier.
• If you want to make a hole in the pipe, then it must be securely fixed. To prevent the pipe from flattening under the influence of a drill, a piece of hard wood should be placed inside.

If you follow these simple rules, then even a beginner will be able to perform high-quality drilling.

How to drill concrete walls + (Video)

Drilling into the walls Everyday life most often, because without this it is impossible to hang a shelf, a locker, you cannot install a cornice. Of course, it is better to use a puncher for this purpose or impact drill. These tools are powerful enough to handle hard material like concrete or brick. However, if the wall thickness does not exceed 10-12 cm, then you can get by with an ordinary drill. But it’s not worth the risk if you only have a low-power tool at your disposal - upon contact with concrete, it can simply break. If the drill is chosen correctly, then the following tips will be useful:

Although it is generally possible to drill through a concrete wall with a drill, it is still worth doing it with caution. Otherwise, damage can be quite serious. It is better to use specialized tools for this.

How to work with tiles with a drill + (Video)

Often, people who do not have rich experience in the field of repair are afraid to drill such fragile material as a tile. However, this can become an urgent need, because you need to attach a variety of cabinets and shelves to something in the kitchen, bathroom or toilet. Alas, in many respects the state of the tile after drilling is determined not by the master who takes up the drill, but by the one who laid this tile. A competent tiler lays the tiles so that no voids form between the tile and the wall. In this case, careful drilling will in no way harm the tile. If there are “air pockets” between the wall and the tile, then most likely the tile will crack.

In order to properly drill a tile, you need to take a drill, masking tape, a puncher (or a powerful drill with concrete drills). Next, you will need to perform the following steps:

1. The drilling site is marked with a piece of masking tape and a marker. The adhesive tape is here so that the nail does not slip on the surface of the tile.
2. Drilling is carried out strictly perpendicular to the material. The number of revolutions should increase gradually: from the minimum possible to 150-200 revolutions per minute. In this way, damage to both the material and the tool can be avoided.
3. It is important to ensure that the drill does not overheat. If smoke began to go, then the drill must be urgently cooled.

When the holes are made, dowels can be inserted into them. This is done with a hammer.

Drilling cast iron - how to do it correctly + (Video)

Cast iron is enough solid material Therefore, drilling it is very, very difficult. In addition, cast iron products are fragile, so it is important not to crush them. Like other materials, cast iron has its own subtleties when it comes to drilling.

• No rush. This is perhaps the most important rule when working with cast iron. Everything must be done slowly, with extreme care and attention.
• The drill must be of a very hard and durable alloy, in addition, it must be perfectly sharpened. In order for the cast iron not to crumble, it is necessary to take drills with an angle of 114-119 degrees.
• The drill must not overheat. Sometimes they don't pay attention to the fact that the tool is overheated. And this can lead to poor-quality performance of work or even breakage.

How to accurately drill through wood + (Video)

Wood is one of the most "simple" materials when working with a drill. However, even here there are subtleties.

• Drilling speed depends on the type of wood. Loose, not too hard woods will be within the power of even a low-power apparatus. Of course, the estimated diameter of the hole also plays a role - the larger it is, the more powerful the drill is needed.
• In order to make holes of large size, it is necessary to use special drill-crowns. Their diameter can exceed 120 mm. As for the depth, on average crowns are suitable for materials up to 20-22 mm thick, but there are also special models that can cope with a thickness of more than 60 mm.
• If you need to make a blind rather than a through hole, then Forstner drills, which are available in diameters from 1 to 5 cm, are perfect for this.

Separately, it is worth talking about drilling a bar. Although it is convenient to fix it for further drilling, the large thickness of the material creates certain difficulties. Drilling a beam for further fixing in the holes of the dowels. For a standard bar with a thickness of 18 cm, it would be best to take a drill with a diameter of 25 mm and a length of 36 cm. You will need to drill slowly, at low speeds. In terms of power, a 1300-1500 watt drill is perfect. If the beam is not very long, then two holes on each side will suffice. If the length of the beam under the dowels is large enough, then it will be necessary to make an additional hole in the center. After the holes are made, dowels can be hammered into them with a hammer or a small sledgehammer.

At what RPM should drilling be done?

One of the important parameters when drilling is the number of revolutions per minute. The speed at which you need to drill depends on the kind of material and the type of drill. There is general rule: The harder the material and the thicker the roll, the lower the number of revolutions per minute should be. As for specific figures, they can be seen in the table below.

This table is for conventional twist drills. For specific applications (Frostner drill, etc.) drilling speed various materials somewhat different from those above.

How to drill a hole evenly + (Video)

A fairly common problem is that the drill slips off the mark, and the hole is made in the wrong place. Paper tape glued on top of a tree can help to deal with this. Also, sometimes such difficulties arise if you have to work with an overly thick drill. Then you should first make a recess in the material with a thinner drill, and then drill, resting against the mark made.

It is important to pay attention to the quality of sharpening. If the edges are not sharp enough or sharpened unevenly, then there may be problems with the accuracy of drilling.

How to drill a perpendicular and vertical hole

Although it is sometimes necessary to drill at an angle, most often vertical holes (that is, perpendicular to the surface) are made. In order for drilling to take place strictly at an angle of 90 degrees, it is necessary to use special guides. They will allow you to drill perpendicularly, without deviating in any direction.

The simplest guides allow you to make only vertical holes, but there are more complex designs that allow you to drill at certain angles.

There can be many reasons to make a hole in a ceramic tile: you need to install an outlet, conduct water pipe, embed a heated towel rail or hang shelves on the wall. Yes, and drilling a hole is not a big problem, but the fact that the tile can crack or crack in the process causes a lot of trouble. Challenging how to drill through tile so as not to damage its integrity, craftsmen and professionals have tried many ways. Below are just the most effective of them.

A similar question arises when it is necessary to hang any shelves, cabinets, lamps or other accessories on a tiled wall. At the same time, the tiles have already been laid for a long time, and we have no right to make a mistake. If the tile in which the hole will be made cracks or splits, you will have to change the entire area.

The best option would be to drill a hole in the seam between the tiles. In this case, the risk of splitting the tile is minimal. But this is not always possible.

If you still need to drill a hole in the tile canvas, then you have to use some tricks.

Important! When calculating a place for drilling a tile, try to step back from the edge of the tile more than 15 mm. So the risk of cracking will be much less.

For drilling tiles, it is necessary to use special drills: with a diamond or victorious tip. For drilling concrete wall replace it with normal

When drilling a hole in a ceramic tile, there are two "unpleasant" moments:

1. The surface of the tile is very slippery - the drill constantly slips off.
2. Drills for concrete and brick are not suitable for tiles - they split it.

And if the first problem is easily solved with masking tape, which is glued to the surface of the tile so that the drill does not “fidget”, then buying a special drill can cost a pretty penny. In order to qualitatively make a hole in the tile and not damage it, it is necessary to use a drill whose cutting edge is much harder than the surface of the tile.

First option - diamond tipped drill. The most expensive and most effective way. If it accidentally "little around" among your stocks, then everything is just fine. But not everyone can afford to buy such drills for the sake of a couple of holes. It makes sense to buy “diamond” drills if you are professionally engaged in apartment renovation, then it will pay for itself.

The second option is drill bit with pobedite tip. It is much cheaper than diamond, several times. Such a drill can be purchased at a specialized store, or on the market - from a “jack of all trades”.

The third option is special drills for ceramic tiles and glass. Theoretically, they can be useful in later life. So if funds allow, you can buy.

The sequence of actions to drill a hole in a tile looks like this:

• On the approximate place where we will drill a hole, stick a piece of masking tape.
• Mark the point where to drill with a cross.
• We insert a drill into a drill or puncher to make a hole in the tile. It can be a diamond, pobedit or special drill.
• We drill a hole in the tile at low speeds.
• After we drill the tile, we replace the drill with a regular one - for concrete. The size will directly depend on the size of the dowel.
• To get a hole of the required depth, you can use a special limiter. An easier way: stick a piece of electrical tape on the drill, noting the depth.
• We drill the hole to the end, remove the drill.
• We blow out the hole to remove dust and concrete crumbs from it.
• We insert the dowel into the hole, drowning it in the tile by a few millimeters.

Important! In this way, a hole with a maximum diameter of 15 mm can be made. There is no larger drill with the right tip. But you can use crowns with diamond or victorious coating.

How to drill for a pipe and socket

It is best to make such holes before laying the tiles. It is both easier and more practical. If a tile accidentally splits, take the next one and practice until you can do it well.

In the case when you need large holes in the laid tiles, you can use methods 2 and 3.

Important! Before drilling the tile, it must be soaked in water for 40 to 60 minutes. This greatly reduces the possibility of cracking or chipping. You can even drill with a drill at low speeds directly in the water.

Perforator with a diamond-coated crown

You can drill a hole in the tile using a carbide drill bit or diamond-coated bits.

The cost of diamond crowns depends on their quality, but in any case, this is “not a cheap pleasure”. Alternatively, a crown with victorious teeth can be used. It should be enough for 20 - 30 holes.

Before drilling the tile, it must be laid on a flat, but not too hard surface, such as wood. On the front side, we outline a place for drilling. Drill a hole using a perforator.

This method is the fastest and most dangerous. In most cases, large chips form along the edges of the hole, which cannot be hidden by the socket or switch cover.

Drill with a diamond-coated crown

Drilling a hole in a tile with a special crown is the easiest way.

You can also use a hammer drill, but in drill mode, without a fight. This method will take more time, but the tile will not be damaged.

We outline and drill from the front side of the tile. At the same time, do not press too hard on the drill. If the crown is in good condition, relatively new, it can be wiped in 2-5 minutes required hole.

"Ballerina" - a circular drill on a tile

Drilling a tile with a ballerina is not difficult. The main thing is not to swing the drill

"Ballerina" or nibbling scissors can be used if you need to make 10 - 20 holes. She can't take it anymore. Even if it bends at the second hole, you can buy a new one - its price is low.

The main thing is not to swing the drill during the drilling process. If there is a special tripod for a drill, be sure to use it.

Drill with a diamond-tipped drill

Drilling a lot of holes along the contour with a drill, and then breaking out the core is the longest way

This method can be used if you do not want to buy a crown, or if there is no such possibility.

On the front side of the tile, we outline the diameter of the hole. If it's an outlet or a switch, you can take the box, attach it to the tile and circle it with a pencil. If the hole is for the pipe, then it can be marked with a compass.

Along the entire contour of the hole, we drill as many holes as possible with a drill (about 20). Diameter 4-6 mm, the edge should protrude beyond the intended line by at least 1-2 mm.

Carefully knock out the core. We break out the remaining teeth with pliers or wire cutters. The cut surface can be sanded.

This method is the longest, it will require considerable skill and patience.

Also, instead of diamond crowns, you can use tungsten crowns with a centering drill, which is simply necessary if the tile has already been laid. To prevent the crown from moving during drilling, it is advisable to use a template with the required hole diameter. If you press the template firmly against the wall, the crown will not move.

Also, don't forget to wet the tiles with water. Even if only one hole is needed, it's not worth the risk, moisten the drill site. Thanks to this precaution, you will not have to redo the work or “God forbid” to replace a whole piece of masonry.

Drills for metal are selected based on the diameters of the holes and the properties of the material being processed. As a rule, they are made of high-speed steels, such as R6M5K5, R6M5, R4M2. Carbide drills are used to work with cast iron, carbon and alloy hardened steels, stainless steel, and other difficult-to-cut materials.

The power of the electric drill must be designed to drill a hole of the required diameter. Power tool manufacturers indicate the relevant specifications on the product. For example, for drills with a power of 500 ... 700 W, the maximum drilling diameter for metal is 10 ... 13 mm.

There are blind, incomplete, and through holes. They can be used to connect parts to each other by means of bolts, studs, pins and rivets. If the hole is drilled for the purpose of threading, you should pay special attention to the choice of drill diameter. Due to its beating in the cartridge, a breakdown of the hole occurs, which must be taken into account. Indicative data are presented in the table.

To reduce breakdown, drilling is performed in two stages: first with a smaller diameter drill, and then with the main one. The same method of sequential reaming is used when it is necessary to make a hole of a large diameter.

How to drill metal with a drill

The peculiarity of drilling metal with a drill is that it is necessary to manually hold the tool, give it correct position, as well as provide the required cutting speed.

After marking the workpiece, the center of the future hole should be punched. This will prevent the drill from moving given point. For the convenience of work, the workpiece should be clamped in a bench vise or placed on a stand so that it takes a stable position. The drill is set strictly perpendicular to the surface to be drilled. This is important to avoid damage.

When drilling metal, the drill does not need to exert much pressure. On the contrary, it should decrease as you go. This will prevent breakage of the drill and also reduce burr formation on the trailing edge of the through hole. Chip removal should be monitored. If a seizure occurs cutting tool, it is released by reverse rotation.

Cutting mode selection

When using a tool made of high speed steel, you can refer to the speed according to the data in the table. When working with carbide drills, the allowable values ​​are 1.5 ... 2 times higher.

drilling metal products needs to be done with refrigeration. If it is not used, there is a high probability that the tool will lose its cutting properties due to overheating. The cleanliness of the surface of the hole in this case will be quite low. An emulsion is usually used as a coolant for hard steels. At home, machine oil is suitable. Cast iron and non-ferrous metals can be drilled without coolant.

Features of deep hole drilling

Holes are considered deep if their size is greater than five drill diameters. The peculiarity of the work here lies in the difficulties associated with cooling and chip removal. The length of the cutting part of the tool must be greater than the depth of the hole. Otherwise, the body of the part will block the helical grooves, through which chips are removed, and liquid is also supplied for cooling and lubrication.

First, the hole is drilled with a rigid short drill to a shallow depth. This operation is necessary to set the direction and centering of the main tool. After that, a hole of the required length is made. As you progress, you need to remove metal shavings from time to time. For this purpose, use coolant, hooks, magnets, or turn the part over.

All photos from the article

If you need to make a large diameter hole in a tree, you will have to use special devices, each of which has its own characteristics. We will consider everything possible options and tell you about their main advantages and disadvantages so that you can choose best option in accordance with the specifics of the work in a given situation.

Criteria for choosing a quality option

Below we will consider the main types of fixtures, but for now we will indicate the criteria that any option must meet, regardless of its modification:

Advice! In order to be guaranteed to purchase a quality product, whether it be, you need to contact the official representatives of a particular brand or buy products in well-known stores that care about their reputation and do not sell cheap fakes.

Types of products and their features

Consider what options can be found in our trading network and how they differ from each other.

Fountain drills

The most common and a budget option, which is quite convenient to work even for inexperienced craftsmen. And you can also master this simple process with your own hands.

Consider main advantages this solution:

• The range of diameters varies from 10 to 60 mm.
• The work is done quite quickly, but at the same time the quality of the hole is low, it is unlikely that it will be possible to achieve an ideal result.
• The maximum drilling depth is approximately 150 mm.
• Products are sold either in sets of 5-6 pieces or individually, so you decide which option suits you.
• If necessary, you can buy an extension that clamps the drill and increases its length by 300 mm.

Large sizes are usually sold individually, small sizes are sold in sets.

It is impossible not to touch such interesting option, like an adjustable spade drill, this type of product can make holes with a diameter of 22 to 76 mm. Work is carried out at low speed using a fairly powerful power tool.

Drilling holes only at first glance may seem like a simple matter. In fact, there are a lot various nuances which should be taken into account: drill diameter, drilling speed, material in which you need to make a hole, etc.

If you choose the wrong tool for a particular material, you can break or blunt the drill, scratch the surface, or even completely disable the drill. To avoid such consequences, it is necessary to remember some of the features and rules of drilling below.

The mode of operation of the drill, as well as the size and material of the drill, directly depend on which surface you need to make a hole in.

To begin with, the features of working with concrete will be considered. In this case, pobedit drills are used.

Concrete is a fairly hard material, so a drill can drill holes up to 13 mm in diameter in it. If you need to make a hole of a larger diameter, it is better to use a more powerful puncher. In some cases, when you urgently need to drill a couple of large holes, and there is no time to look for a puncher, you can also use a drill with a conical drill.

To begin with, a drilling site is marked on the surface and a small recess is drilled conventional drill. Next, a drill is inserted into the cartridge, sharpened asymmetrically, and the final hole is made. This approach will greatly facilitate the process.

When drilling a concrete surface, a a large number of dust. In order to somehow localize it, you can put a metal can on the drill, where it will settle. If the hole made is not through and the dust cannot be completely removed from it, this must also be taken into account. For example, to install a dowel, the depth of the hole should be 1 cm greater than the length of the dowel. Also, for more comfortable drilling, the drill can be periodically moistened.

Anyone who has held a drill in their hands at least once in their life knows how difficult it is sometimes to keep it in the right position. Considerable weight, vibrations and slippery surfaces - all this complicates the task, and the drill constantly goes to the side, up or down. To control the position of the drill, it must be installed building level. There are models equipped with such levels “from birth”, otherwise it can be attached with adhesive tape.

When drilling through holes in walls, you may encounter a problem when the thickness of the wall exceeds the length of the drill. The way out of this situation can be as follows. The wall is drilled from one side to the maximum allowable depth. A magnet is placed in the resulting hole, and a compass is applied to the back of the wall, which determines the position of the magnet. In the place determined in this way, it is necessary to drill a counter hole. We must not forget that various communications can most likely pass in such main walls, so before drilling it will not be superfluous to make sure that there are no pipes or electrical cables in the way of the drill.

Drilling holes in tiles also has its own characteristics. Firstly, special drills are used for tiles, the tips of which are made of pobedit or diamond coating. At the beginning of drilling, the minimum revolutions are selected and then gradually increase.

Tile is a slippery, hard and brittle material, which greatly complicates drilling: the drill slides, scratches the surface, and even can completely split the tile. To prevent this from happening, before drilling, tape or a piece of cardboard is glued to the place where the hole should be made.

Another “problematic” material is metal. He demands to himself special attention, as well as the use of expensive, high-quality and durable drills. If for other materials you can save on drills, then in the case of metal this will not work - cheap drills will simply break.

Smooth metal surfaces can also be a problem. Before drilling, a notch is made on a metal surface with a center punch, which simultaneously serves as a mark for the drilling site and a retainer for the drill.

When drilling holes in metal, several drills of different diameters are used: from small to the desired one. The speed of the drill is also minimal at the beginning, and then increasing with an increase in the diameter of the drill. Under the metal surface you need to put wooden board, which greatly simplifies the process, and the resulting hole will be more accurate.

Drills when drilling metal products heat up, so they should be cooled with a special liquid or paste, in extreme cases with machine oil. The only case when you can do without cooling the drill, drilling cast iron.

If the drill has a reverse rotation function, you can use it to remove the drill from the resulting hole.

For better fixation of the drill, you can use a special stand that fixes the drill in the desired position. In this case, at first the drill is slightly pressed against the surface, and only when the metal chips go, you can apply efforts for drilling.

And the last rule: the thicker the drill, the lower the speed of the drill.

How to drill tiles. Video