In the piping, a two-phase flow of a gaseous fire extinguishing agent (liquefied and gaseous) occurs. For hydraulic balance, several rules must be followed:

1. The length of the section after the branch or tee should be 5-10 nominal diameters.
2. The orientation of the outlets from the tee must lie in the same horizontal plane.
3. The use of crosses is not allowed.
4. The maximum distance of the nozzle from the gas fire extinguishing module is no more than 50-60 meters horizontally and no more than 20-25 meters in height.
5. The volume of piping should not exceed 80% of the volume of the liquid phase of the GFFS.

Gas pipeline color

The black pipe definitely needs anti-corrosion protection. There are two opinions in what color to paint the pipeline of gas fire extinguishing systems. The first thing to use is red, as it is fire fighting equipment. The second thing that needs to be painted yellow is the pipeline that transports gases. The norms allow painting in any color, but require alphabetical or numerical marking of the pipeline.

What is the difference between freon and freon?

Freon is one of the designations for freons, and both of these terms are often used to classify the same substances. However, there is still some difference between them. Freons include refrigerants created on the basis of exclusively freon-containing liquids or gases. Freons also include a wider group of substances, which, in addition to freons, includes refrigerants based on salts, ammonia, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol. The term "freon" is more often used in the post-Soviet space, while the use of the designation "freon" is more typical for non-CIS countries.

Why are scales and a backup module always included in a gas automatic fire extinguishing installation?

In gaseous fire extinguishing agents (GOTV), mass safety is controlled using scales. This is due to the fact that the activation of the control device when using liquefied gases in the GFFS should be triggered in the event of a decrease in the mass of the module by no more than 5% in relation to the mass of the gas fire extinguishing agents themselves in the module. The use of compressed gases in GFFS is characterized by the presence of a special device that controls the pressure, which ensures that the GFFS leakage is not exceeded by more than 5%. A similar device in the NGV based on liquefied gases monitors possible leakages of the propellant gas to a level not exceeding 10% of the pressure readings of the propellant gas charged into the module. And it is precisely periodic weighing that controls the safety of the mass of gaseous fire extinguishing agents in modules with a propellant gas.

The reserve module serves to store 100% of the stock of fire extinguishing agent, which is additionally regulated by the relevant set of rules. It is worth adding that the control schedule, as well as a description of the necessary technical means for its implementation, are specified by the manufacturer. This data must be present in the description of the technical data attached to the module.

Is it true that the gases used in automatic fire extinguishing installations as a fire extinguishing agent are harmful to health and even deadly?

The safety of certain fire extinguishing agents depends, first of all, on compliance with the rules for their use. An additional threat of gas fire extinguishing compositions may consist in the gas fire extinguishing composition (GOFS) used. To a greater extent, this applies to inexpensive GOTV.

For example, halon and carbon dioxide (CO2) based fire extinguishers can create some pretty serious health problems. So, when using GOTV "Inergen", the conditions for human life are reduced to several minutes. Therefore, when people work in the area with installed gas fire extinguishing equipment, the installation itself operates in manual start mode.

Of the least dangerous GOTV, Novec1230 can be noted. Its nominal concentration is one third of the maximum safe concentration, and it practically does not reduce the percentage of oxygen in the room, being harmless to human vision and breathing.

Is it necessary to carry out pressure testing for gas fire extinguishing pipelines? If yes, what is the procedure?

It is necessary to carry out pressure testing of gas fire extinguishing pipelines. According to regulatory documentation, pipelines and pipeline connections are required to maintain strength at a pressure of 1.25 from maximum pressure GOTV in the vessel during operation. At a pressure equal to the maximum operating values ​​of GFFS, the tightness of pipelines and their connections is checked for 5 minutes.

Before pressure testing, pipelines are subjected to external inspection. In the absence of inconsistencies, the pipelines are filled with a liquid, most often water. All commonly installed nozzles are replaced with plugs, except for the last one located on the distribution pipeline. After filling the pipe, the last nozzle is also replaced with a plug.

During the crimping process, a gradual increase in the pressure level is carried out in four steps:

• the first - 0.05 MPa;
• the second - 0.5 P1 (0.5 P2);
• third - P1 (P2);
• fourth - 1.25 P1 (1.25 P2).

When the pressure rises at the intermediate stages, an exposure is made for 1–3 minutes. At this time, with the help of a pressure gauge, the readings of the parameters on this moment with confirmation of the absence of pressure drop in the pipes. Within 5 minutes, the pipelines are kept at a pressure of 1.25, after which the pressure is reduced and an inspection is carried out.

The pipeline is considered to have withstood pressure testing if no cracks, leaks, swelling and fogging are found, and there is no pressure drop. The test results are documented in the relevant act. Upon completion of the pressure test, the liquid is drained and the pipeline is purged compressed air. Air or an inert gas may be used instead of a liquid during testing.

What freon to fill the air conditioner in the car?

Information about the brand of freon refilled in this air conditioner can be found on the back of the hood. There is a plate where, in addition to the brand of freon used, its required amount is also indicated.

You can also determine the brand of freon by the year of manufacture of the car. Until 1992, car air conditioners were charged with R-12 freon, and later models with R-134a refrigerant. Some difficulties may arise with cars produced in 1992-1993. During these years, there was a transition period from one brand of freon to another, so one of these brands could be used in car air conditioners.

In addition, both options for filling fittings for each of the freon brands are quite different from each other, as well as protecting plastic caps.

Good day, to all regular Readers of our blog and colleagues in the shop! Today we will discuss the new certified technical solution in the field of organizing a gas fire extinguishing system. It is no secret that the gas fire extinguishing installation itself is a rather expensive undertaking and the most expensive part of the installation is, of course, the piping from the fire extinguishing agent storage module to the GOTV spray nozzles. This is quite justified, since the pipes used to organize distribution pipelines must be thick-walled and seamless, and they are quite expensive. The range of pipes in terms of passage diameters, which even the smallest gas fire extinguishing installation provides for, is diverse, since the pipeline must “narrow” from the first spray nozzle to the next, and so on. This leads to the need to order in the specification for the project, for example, 6 meters of pipes of one diameter, 4 meters of pipes of another diameter, and maybe 2 meters of pipes of a third diameter. Trading organizations, of course, will not sell you pieces of pipe, but will offer to buy pipes of each article at least one piece, i.e. 9 meters. As a result, you will have excess waste from the installed pipeline, which you simply throw in the trash, although each meter of pipe costs between 300-400 rubles per meter. Well, a thousand and a half waste will, frankly, go to waste and a rare customer will compensate you for these costs. Customers like to measure the already installed pipeline with a tape measure, upon installation and pay money only for the length of the pipeline hanging on the ceiling. Also take into account all steel couplings, transitions, tees that need to be welded onto the pipeline. Consider welding sockets and spray nozzles, also test plugs, gas manifolds and hoses high pressure(RVD), which directly connect the pipeline to the gas cylinder. This entire set of elements without fail provides for the installation of gas fire extinguishing and you will not get away from the purchase of this set if you mount the system in the usual design, which includes the gas fire extinguishing pipeline. Now pick up the price list of any manufacturer of GPT systems and take a look at the prices - these small elements are sold quite expensive by any manufacturer, since all these parts are also certified and the manufacturer wants to “weld” on their sale. All of the above brings us one simple idea - a gas fire extinguishing installation, as a rule, costs about a million rubles with installation, includes three main elements:

1. system fire automatics, which is not very expensive - fire detectors, light plates, a receiving-control device - all in general within 150 thousand rubles with installation;
2. a process pipeline system is quite expensive and laborious - it costs between 350 - 400 thousand rubles, with installation;
3. directly gas bottle filled extinguishing agent, which is also quite expensive - for example, one module of the Attack series of 100 liters with GOTV Freon-125 costs about 250 thousand rubles with delivery, transport packaging, transport trolley and installation. Also, as additional costs, there may be the cost of a cabinet for the module, a pressure sensor (SDU), mounting clamps or racks for the module.

In general, just from all the listed elements, which include a gas fire extinguishing installation, the total cost is added - about one million rubles to protect a small room.

In the context of everything written above, I inform all those who do not know yet - a new certified gas fire extinguishing installation appeared, which is mounted without pipelines and technologically consists of small GPT modules, which are mounted like powder fire extinguishing modules - directly on the ceiling or on the wall over the area of ​​​​the room. GPT modules are called "Zarya", with a capacity of 3; 10; 22.5 liters, certificate of conformity from 12/17/2015 until December 16, 2020. In addition, the module includes a thermal lock, which allows the module to open autonomously, i.e. without a control trigger signal from the control panel. This means that even if the alarm and automatic fire extinguishing system is turned off, or for some other reason is inoperative at the time of the fire, the GPT modules will still open from an autonomous thermal lock and will extinguish the fire. This leads to the idea that a modular type gas fire extinguishing installation (so we will call it) is more tenacious and ready to perform the task in extreme conditions. The launch of the GPT modules is carried out, similarly to the launch of powder fire extinguishing modules, from 12-24 volts at a current of 0.5-1 amperes, lasting no more than 1 second, that is, the most common "S2000-ASPT", like other fire extinguishing devices, will completely cope with this task.

The passport for the Zarya gas extinguishing modules can be downloaded from our website by clicking on the link

In addition, we took the trouble, turned to the manufacturer with a request to provide standard project extinguishing of the server room (the most popular), in which a modular type gas fire extinguishing installation is used. As part of the project, there is a specification that can be calculated and displayed estimated cost of work and simply compare the resulting cost with the cost of installing a conventional GPT system in the same room.

You can also download a typical project from our website by clicking on the link

I should note that this article is in no way advertising and does not set itself the goal of promoting products. I, as a designer and as an installer, simply give an assessment of new products and this assessment is positive, since these products make it possible to perform the same amount of work with lower material costs, lower labor costs and in a relatively shorter period of time. In my opinion, this is very good!

This concludes the article “installation of gas fire extinguishing without pipelines”. I would be glad if in this article you learned some useful information. I allow copying an article for placement on other resources on the Internet only if all the links to our website listed below are preserved, I suggest that you familiarize yourself with other articles of our blog using the links:

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MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR
RUSSIAN FEDERATION

STATE FIRE SERVICE

FIRE SAFETY STANDARDS

AUTOMATIC GAS FIRE EXTINGUISHING INSTALLATIONS

REGULATIONS AND RULES FOR DESIGN AND APPLICATION

NPB 22-96

MOSCOW 1997

Developed by the All-Russian Research Institute of Fire Defense (VNIIPO) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Submitted and prepared for approval by the regulatory and technical department of the Main Directorate of the State Fire Service (GUGPS) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Approved by the Chief State Inspector Russian Federation for fire supervision. Agreed with the Ministry of Construction of Russia (letter No. 13-691 dated 12/19/1996). They were put into effect by order of the GUGPS of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated December 31, 1996 No. 62. Instead of SNiP 2.04.09-84 in the part related to automatic gas fire extinguishing installations (section 3). Date of entry into force 01.03.1997

Norms of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

GAS FIRE EXTINGUISHING INSTALLATIONS AUTOMATIC.

Code of practice for design and application

AUTOMATIC GAS FIRE EXTINGUISHING INSTALLATIONS.

Standards and rules of design and use

Date of introduction 01.03.1997

1 AREA OF USE

These Standards apply to the design and use of automatic gas fire extinguishing installations (hereinafter referred to as AUGP). These Standards do not define the scope and do not apply to AUGP for buildings and structures designed according to special standards Vehicle. The use of AUGP depending on functional purpose buildings and structures, the degree of fire resistance, the category of explosion and fire hazard and other indicators is determined by the relevant current regulatory and technical documents approved in in due course. When designing, in addition to these standards, the requirements of other federal normative documents in the area of fire safety.

2. REGULATORY REFERENCES

References to the following documents are used in these Standards: GOST 12.3.046-91 Automatic fire extinguishing installations. Are common technical requirements. GOST 12.2.047-86 Fire fighting equipment. Terms and Definitions. GOST 12.1.033-81 Fire safety. Terms and Definitions. GOST 12.4.009-83 Fire equipment for the protection of facilities. Main types. Accommodation and service. GOST 27331-87 Fire fighting equipment. Classification of fires. GOST 27990-88 Security, fire and security- fire alarm. General technical requirements. GOST 14202-69 Pipelines industrial enterprises. Identification painting, warning signs and labels. GOST 15150-94 Machinery, instruments and others technical products. Versions for different climatic regions. Categories, conditions climatic factors external environment. GOST 28130 Fire fighting equipment. Fire extinguishers, fire extinguishing and fire alarm installations. Conditional graphic designations. GOST 9.032-74 Paint coatings. Groups, technical requirements and designations. GOST 12.1.004-90 Organization of labor safety training. General provisions. GOST 12.1.005-88 General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area. GOST 12.1.019-79 Electrical safety. General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection. GOST 12.2.003-91 SSBT. Production equipment. General safety requirements. GOST 12.4.026-76 Signal colors and safety signs. SNiP 2.04.09.84 Fire automation of buildings and structures. SNiP 2.04.05.92 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. SNiP 3.05.05.84 Technological equipment and process pipelines. SNiP 11-01-95 Instructions on the procedure for development, approval, approval and composition project documentation for the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures. SNiP 23.05-95 Natural and artificial lighting. NPB 105-95 Norms of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Definition of categories of premises and buildings for explosion and fire safety. NPB 51-96 Gas fire-extinguishing compositions. General technical requirements for fire safety and test methods. NPB 54-96 Automatic gas fire extinguishing installations. modules and batteries. General technical requirements. Test methods. PUE-85 Rules for the installation of electrical installations. - M.: ENERGOATOMIZDAT, 1985. - 640 p.

3. DEFINITIONS

In these Standards, the following terms are used with their respective definitions and abbreviations.

		Definition	The document on the basis of which the definition is given
	Automatic gas fire extinguishing installation (AUGP)	A set of stationary technical fire extinguishing equipment for extinguishing fires by automatically releasing a gas fire extinguishing composition
			NPB 51-96
	Centralized automatic gas fire extinguishing installation	AUGP containing batteries (modules) with GOS, located in the fire extinguishing station, and designed to protect two or more premises
	Modular automatic gas fire extinguishing installation	AUGP containing one or more modules with GOS, placed directly in the protected room or next to it
	Gas fire extinguishing battery		NPB 54-96
	Gas extinguishing module		NPB 54-96
	Gas fire extinguishing composition (GOS)		NPB 51-96
	nozzles	Device for the release and distribution of GOS in a protected room
	Inertia AUGP	The time from the moment the signal is generated to start the AUGP until the start of the expiration of the GOS from the nozzle into the protected room, excluding the delay time
	Duration (time) of filing GOS t under, s	The time from the beginning of the expiration of the GOS from the nozzle until the moment the estimated mass of the GOS is released from the installation, which is necessary to extinguish a fire in the protected room
	Normative volumetric fire extinguishing concentration Cn, % vol.	The product of the minimum volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of GOS by a safety factor equal to 1.2
	Normative mass fire extinguishing concentration q N, kg × m -3	The product of the normative volume concentration of HOS and the density of HOS in the gas phase at a temperature of 20 °C and a pressure of 0.1 MPa
	Leakage parameter of the room d= S F H / V P ,m -1	The value characterizing the leakage of the protected premises and representing the ratio of the total area of ​​permanently open openings to the volume of the protected premises
	Leakage degree, %	The ratio of the area of ​​permanently open openings to the area of ​​enclosing structures
	Maximum excess pressure in the room Р m, MPa	The maximum value of pressure in the protected room when the calculated amount of GOS is released into it
	Reserve GOS		GOST 12.3.046-91
	GOS stock		GOST 12.3.046-91
	Maximum GOS jet size	The distance from the nozzle to the section where the speed of the gas-air mixture is at least 1.0 m/s
	Local, start (switch on)		NPB 54-96

4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

4.1. The equipment of buildings, structures and premises of the AUGP should be carried out in accordance with the design documentation developed and approved in accordance with SNiP 11-01-95. 4.2. AUGP based on gas fire extinguishing compositions are used to eliminate fires of classes A, B, C according to GOST 27331 and electrical equipment (electrical installations with a voltage not higher than those specified in the TD for the used GOS), with a leakage parameter of not more than 0.07 m -1 and a degree of leakage not more than 2.5%. 4.3. AUGP based on GOS should not be used to extinguish fires: - fibrous, loose, porous and other combustible materials prone to spontaneous combustion and (or) smoldering inside the volume of the substance ( sawdust, cotton, grass flour, etc.); - chemicals and their mixtures, polymer materials prone to smoldering and burning without air access; - metal hydrides and pyrophoric substances; - metal powders (sodium, potassium, magnesium, titanium, etc.).

5. AUGP DESIGN

5.1. GENERAL PROVISIONS AND REQUIREMENTS

5.1.1. Design, installation and operation of AUGP should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of these Standards, other applicable regulatory documents in terms of gas fire extinguishing installations, and taking into account the technical documentation for the elements of AUGP. 5.1.2. AUGP includes: - modules (batteries) for storing and supplying gas fire extinguishing composition; - distribution devices; - main and distribution pipelines with the necessary fittings; - nozzles for the release and distribution of GOS in the protected volume; - fire detectors, technological sensors, electrocontact manometers, etc.; - devices and devices for control and management of AUGP; - devices that generate command impulses to turn off ventilation, air conditioning, air heating and technological equipment in a protected area; - devices that generate and issue command pulses for closing fire dampers, dampers of ventilation ducts, etc.; - devices for signaling the position of doors in the protected room; - devices for sound and light alarms and warnings about the operation of the installation and the start of gas; - fire alarm lines electrical circuits power supply, management and control AUGP. 5.1.3. The performance of the equipment included in the AUGP is determined by the project and must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.3.046, NPB 54-96, PUE-85 and other applicable regulatory documents. 5.1.4. The initial data for the calculation and design of AUGP are: - the geometric dimensions of the room (length, width and height of enclosing structures); - design of floors and location of engineering communications; - the area of ​​permanently open openings in the enclosing structures; - maximum allowable pressure in the protected room (based on the strength of building structures or equipment located in the room); - range of temperature, pressure and humidity in the protected room and in the room where the AUGP components are located; - list and indicators fire hazard substances and materials in the room, and the corresponding fire class according to GOST 27331; - type, size and scheme of distribution of the brew load; - normative volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of GOS; - availability and characteristics of ventilation, air conditioning, air heating systems; - characteristics and placement of technological equipment; - the category of premises according to NPB 105-95 and the classes of zones according to PUE-85; - the presence of people and ways of their evacuation. 5.1.5. Calculation of AUGP includes: - determination of the estimated mass of the GOS required to extinguish a fire; - determination of the duration of the filing of the CES; - determination of the diameter of the pipelines of the installation, the type and number of nozzles; - determination of the maximum overpressure when submitting the GOS; - determination of the required reserve of HOS and batteries (modules) for centralized installations or the stock of HOS and modules for modular installations; - type definition and required amount fire detectors or incentive system sprinklers. Note. Method for calculating the diameter of pipelines and the number of nozzles for installation low pressure with carbon dioxide is given in the recommended appendix 4. For a high-pressure plant with carbon dioxide and other gases, the calculation is made according to the methods agreed in the prescribed manner. 5.1.6. AUGP must ensure the supply to the protected premises of at least the estimated mass of the GOS intended for extinguishing a fire, for the time specified in clause 2 of the mandatory Appendix 1. 5.1.7. AUGP should ensure the delay in the release of GOS for the time necessary for the evacuation of people after the supply of light and sound alert, stopping ventilation equipment, closing air dampers, fire dampers, etc., but not less than 10 s. The required evacuation time is determined according to GOST 12.1.004. If the required evacuation time does not exceed 30 s, and the time for stopping ventilation equipment, closing air dampers, fire dampers, etc. Exceeds 30 s, then the mass of the GOS should be calculated from the condition of the ventilation and (or) leaks available at the time of the release of the GOS. 5.1.8. The equipment and the length of the pipelines must be selected from the condition that the inertia of the AUGP operation should not exceed 15 s. 5.1.9. The AUGP distribution pipeline system, as a rule, should be symmetrical. 5.1.10. AUGP pipelines in fire hazardous areas should be made of metal pipes. It is allowed to use high-pressure hoses to connect the modules with a collector or a main pipeline. The conditional passage of incentive pipelines with sprinklers should be taken equal to 15 mm. 5.1.11. The connection of pipelines in fire extinguishing installations should, as a rule, be carried out on welding or threaded connections. 5.1.12. Pipelines and their connections in AUGP must provide strength at a pressure equal to 1.25 R RAB, and tightness at a pressure equal to R RAB. 5.1.13. According to the method of storing the gas fire extinguishing composition, AUGP are divided into centralized and modular. 5.1.14. AUGP equipment with centralized storage of GOS should be placed in fire extinguishing stations. The premises of fire extinguishing stations must be separated from other premises by fire partitions of the 1st type and floors of the 3rd type. The premises of fire extinguishing stations, as a rule, must be located in the basement or on the first floor of buildings. It is allowed to place a fire extinguishing station above the ground floor, while the lifting and transport devices of buildings and structures must ensure the possibility of delivering equipment to the installation site and carrying out maintenance work. The exit from the station should be provided to the outside, to the stairwell, which has an exit to the outside, to the lobby or to the corridor, provided that the distance from the exit from the station to staircase does not exceed 25 m and there are no exits to the premises of categories A, B and C in this corridor, with the exception of premises equipped with automatic fire extinguishing installations. Note. An isothermal storage tank for GOS can be installed outdoors with a canopy to protect against precipitation and solar radiation with mesh fencing around the perimeter of the site. 5.1.15. The premises of fire extinguishing stations must be at least 2.5 m high for installations with cylinders. Minimum Height rooms when using an isothermal container is determined by the height of the container itself, taking into account the distance from it to the ceiling of at least 1 m. 100 lux for fluorescent lamps or at least 75 lux for incandescent lamps. Emergency lighting must comply with the requirements of SNiP 23.05.07-85. Stations must be equipped supply and exhaust ventilation with at least two air exchanges for 1 hour. Stations must be equipped with a telephone connection with a room for on-duty personnel on duty around the clock. At the entrance to the station premises, a light panel "Fire extinguishing station" should be installed. 5.1.16. The equipment of modular gas fire extinguishing installations can be located both in the protected room and outside it, in close proximity to it. 5.1.17. The placement of local start-up devices for modules, batteries and switchgear should be at a height of no more than 1.7 m from the floor. 5.1.18. The placement of centralized and modular AUGP equipment should ensure the possibility of its maintenance. 5.1.19. The choice of nozzle type is determined by their operational characteristics for a specific CES specified in technical documentation on nozzles. 5.1.20. Nozzles should be placed in the protected room in such a way as to ensure the concentration of HOS throughout the volume of the room is not lower than the standard. 5.1.21. The difference in flow rates between the two extreme nozzles on the same distribution pipeline should not exceed 20%. 5.1.22. The AUGP should be provided with devices that exclude the possibility of clogging of nozzles during the release of GOS. 5.1.23. In one room, nozzles of only one type should be used. 5.1.24. When nozzles are located in places of their possible mechanical damage, they must be protected. 5.1.25. The painting of the components of the installations, including pipelines, must comply with GOST 12.4.026 and industry standards. Unit piping and modules located in rooms with special aesthetic requirements can be painted in accordance with these requirements. 5.1.26. Protective paint must be applied to all external surfaces of pipelines in accordance with GOST 9.032 and GOST 14202. 5.1.27. Equipment, products and materials used in AUGP must have documents certifying their quality and comply with the conditions of use and project specifications. 5.1.28. AUGP of a centralized type, in addition to the calculated one, must have a 100% reserve of gas fire extinguishing composition. Batteries (modules) for storing the main and backup GOS must have cylinders of the same size and be filled with the same amount of gas fire extinguishing composition. 5.1.29. AUGP of modular type, which have gas fire extinguishing modules of the same standard size at the facility, must have a stock of GOS at the rate of 100% replacement in the installation that protects the room of the largest volume. If at one facility there are several modular installations with modules of different sizes, then the stock of HOS should ensure the restoration of the operability of the installations that protect the premises of the largest volume with modules of each size. The stock of GOS should be stored in the warehouse of the facility. 5.1.30. If it is necessary to test the AUGP, the GOS reserve for these tests is taken from the condition of protecting the premises of the smallest volume, if there are no other requirements. 5.1.31. The equipment used for AUGP must have a service life of at least 10 years.

5.2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRICAL CONTROL, CONTROL, ALARM AND POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS

5.2.1. AUGP electrical control means should provide: - automatic start-up of the unit; - disabling and restoring the automatic start mode; - automatic switching of the power supply from the main source to the backup one when the voltage is turned off at the main source, followed by switching to the main power source when the voltage is restored on it; - remote start of the installation; - turning off the sound alarm; - delay in the release of GOS for the time required to evacuate people from the premises, turn off ventilation, etc., but not less than 10 s; - formation of a command pulse at the outputs of electrical equipment for use in control systems for technological and electrical equipment of the facility, fire alarm systems, smoke removal, air overpressure, as well as to turn off ventilation, air conditioning, air heating; - automatic or manual shutdown of sound and light alarms about fire, operation and malfunction of the installation. Notes: 1. Local start should be excluded or blocked in modular installations in which gas fire extinguishing modules are located inside the protected room.2. For centralized installations and modular installations with modules located outside the protected premises, the modules (batteries) must have a local start.3. In the presence of closed system, serving only this room, it is allowed not to turn off ventilation, air conditioning, air heating after the GOS is supplied to it. 5.2.2. The formation of a command pulse for the automatic start of a gas fire extinguishing installation must be carried out from two automatic fire detectors in one or different loops, from two electrical contact pressure gauges, two pressure alarms, two process sensors or other devices. 5.2.3. Remote start devices should be placed at emergency exits outside the protected premises or the premises to which the protected channel, underground, space belongs. false ceiling. It is allowed to place remote start devices in the premises of the personnel on duty with the obligatory indication of the AUGP operating mode. 5.2.4. Devices for remote start-up of installations must be protected in accordance with GOST 12.4.009. 5.2.5. AUGP protecting premises in which people are present must have automatic start shutdown devices in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.4.009. 5.2.6. When opening the doors to the protected room, the AUGP must provide blocking of the automatic start-up of the installation with indication of the blocked state according to clause 5.2.15. 5.2.7. Devices for restoring the automatic start-up mode of the AUGP should be placed in the premises of the duty personnel. If there is protection against unauthorized access to the AUGP automatic start recovery devices, these devices can be placed at the entrances to the protected premises. 5.2.8. AUGP equipment should provide automatic control of: - the integrity of fire alarm loops along their entire length; - integrity of electric starting circuits (for breakage); - air pressure in the incentive network, starting cylinders; - light and sound signaling (automatically or on call). 5.2.9. If there are several directions for the supply of GOS, the batteries (modules) and switchgear installed in the fire extinguishing station must have plates indicating the protected room (direction). 5.2.10. In rooms protected by volumetric gas fire extinguishing installations, and in front of their entrances, an alarm system should be provided in accordance with GOST 12.4.009. Adjacent rooms that have access only through protected rooms, as well as rooms with protected channels, undergrounds and spaces behind a false ceiling, should be equipped with a similar alarm system. At the same time, the light panel "Gas - go away!", "Gas - do not enter" and the warning sound alarm device are installed common for the protected room and protected spaces (channels, underground, behind the false ceiling) of this room, and when protecting only these spaces - common for these spaces. 5.2.11. Before entering the protected room or the room to which the protected channel or underground belongs, the space behind the suspended ceiling, it is necessary to provide a light indication of the AUGP operating mode. 5.2.12. In the premises of gas fire extinguishing stations there should be light signaling, fixing: - the presence of voltage at the inputs of the working and backup power sources; - breakage of electric circuits of squibs or electromagnets; - pressure drop in incentive pipelines by 0.05 MPa and launch cylinders by 0.2 MPa with decoding in directions; - operation of AUGP with decoding in directions. 5.2.13. In the premises of the fire station or other premises with personnel on duty around the clock, light and sound alarms should be provided: - about the occurrence of a fire with decoding in directions; - about the operation of the AUGP, with a breakdown in directions and the receipt of the CRP in the protected premises; - about the disappearance of the voltage of the main power source; - about the malfunction of the AUGP with decoding in directions. 5.2.14. In AUGP, sound signals about a fire and the operation of the installation must differ in tone from signals about a malfunction. 5.2.15. In a room with personnel on duty around the clock, only light signaling should also be provided: - about the mode of operation of the AUGP; - about turning off the sound alarm about a fire; - about turning off the audible alarm about a malfunction; - about the presence of voltage on the main and backup sources nutrition. 5.2.16. AUGP should refer to electricity consumers of the 1st category of power supply reliability in accordance with PUE-85. 5.2.17. In the absence of a backup input, it is allowed to use autonomous power sources that ensure the operability of the AUGP for at least 24 hours in standby mode and for at least 30 minutes in fire or malfunction mode. 5.2.18. The protection of electrical circuits must be carried out in accordance with PUE-85. The device of thermal and maximum protection in the control circuits is not allowed, the disconnection of which can lead to a failure in the supply of HOS to the protected premises. 5.2.19. Grounding and grounding of AUGP equipment must be carried out in accordance with PUE-85 and the requirements of the technical documentation for the equipment. 5.2.20. The choice of wires and cables, as well as the methods of their laying, should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of PUE-85, SNiP 3.05.06-85, SNiP 2.04.09-84 and in accordance with the technical characteristics of cable and wire products. 5.2.21. Placement of fire detectors inside the protected premises should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.09-84 or other regulatory document that replaces it. 5.2.22. Fire station premises or other premises with personnel on round-the-clock duty must comply with the requirements of section 4 of SNiP 2.04.09-84.

5.3. REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTED PREMISES

5.3.1. Premises equipped with AUGP must be equipped with signs in accordance with paragraphs. 5.2.11 and 5.2.12. 5.3.2. Volumes, areas, combustible load, availability and dimensions of open openings in the protected premises must comply with the design and must be controlled during commissioning of the AUGP. 5.3.3. Leakage of premises equipped with AUGP should not exceed the values ​​specified in clause 4.2. Measures should be taken to eliminate technologically unjustified openings, door closers, etc. should be installed. The premises, if necessary, should have pressure relief devices. 5.3.4. In the air duct systems of general ventilation, air heating and air conditioning of protected premises, air shutters or fire dampers should be provided. 5.3.5. To remove the GOS after the end of the work of the AUGP, it is necessary to use general ventilation of buildings, structures and premises. It is allowed to provide mobile ventilation units for this purpose.

5.4. SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

5.4.1. Design, installation, commissioning, acceptance and operation of AUGP should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of safety measures set forth in: - "Rules for the design and safe operation pressure vessels"; - "Rules for the technical operation of electrical installations of consumers"; - "Safety regulations for the operation of electrical installations of consumers of the State Energy Supervision Authority"; - "Uniform safety rules for blasting (when used in squib installations"); - GOST 12.1.019 , GOST 12.3.046, GOST 12.2.003, GOST 12.2.005, GOST 12.4.009, GOST 12.1.005, GOST 27990, GOST 28130, PUE-85, NPB 51-96, NPB 54-96; - these Standards; - the current normative and technical documentation approved in the established manner in the part related to AUGP.5.4.2 Local start-up devices of installations must be fenced and sealed, with the exception of local start-up devices installed in the premises of a fire extinguishing station or fire posts.5.4.3. Entering the protected premises after the release of the GOS into it and the elimination of the fire until the end of the ventilation is allowed only in insulating respiratory protection. respiratory protective equipment is allowed only after the removal of combustion products and decomposition of the GOS to a safe value.

ANNEX 1
Mandatory

Method for calculating the parameters of AUGP during extinguishing volumetric way

1. The mass of the gas fire extinguishing composition (Mg), which must be stored in the AUGP, is determined by the formula

M G \u003d Mp + Mtr + M 6 × n, (1)

Where Мр is the calculated mass of the GOS, intended for extinguishing a fire by volumetric method in the absence of artificial air ventilation in the room, is determined: for ozone-friendly freons and sulfur hexafluoride according to the formula

Mp \u003d K 1 × V P × r 1 × (1 + K 2) × C N / (100 - C N) (2)

For carbon dioxide according to the formula

Mp \u003d K 1 × V P × r 1 × (1 + K 2) × ln [ 100 / (100 - C H) ] , (3)

Where V P is the estimated volume of the protected premises, m 3. The calculated volume of the room includes its internal geometric volume, including the volume of a closed ventilation, air conditioning, and air heating system. The volume of equipment located in the room is not deducted from it, with the exception of the volume of solid (impermeable) building non-combustible elements (columns, beams, foundations, etc.); K 1 - coefficient taking into account the leakage of the gas fire extinguishing composition from the cylinders through leaks in the valves; K 2 - coefficient taking into account the loss of gas fire extinguishing composition through leaks in the room; r 1 - the density of the gas fire extinguishing composition, taking into account the height of the protected object relative to sea level, kg × m -3, is determined by the formula

r 1 \u003d r 0 × T 0 / T m × K 3, (4)

Where r 0 is the vapor density of the gas fire-extinguishing composition at a temperature T o = 293 K (20 ° C) and atmospheric pressure 0.1013 MPa; Tm - minimum operating temperature in the protected room, K; C N - normative volume concentration of GOS, % vol. The values ​​of standard fire extinguishing concentrations of GOS (C N) for various types of combustible materials are given in Appendix 2; K z - correction factor that takes into account the height of the object relative to sea level (see Table 2 of Appendix 4). The rest of the GOS in pipelines M MR, kg, is determined for AUGP, in which the openings of the nozzles are located above the distribution pipelines.

M tr = V tr × r GOS, (5)

Where V tr is the volume of AUGP pipelines from the nozzle closest to the installation to the final nozzles, m 3; r GOS is the density of the GOS residue at the pressure that is present in the pipeline after the estimated mass of the gas fire extinguishing composition has flowed into the protected room; M b × n - the product of the balance of GOS in the battery (module) (M b) AUGP, which is accepted according to the TD for the product, kg, by the number (n) of batteries (modules) in the installation. In premises where during normal operation significant fluctuations in volume (warehouses, storage facilities, garages, etc.) or temperature are possible, it is necessary to use the maximum possible volume as the calculated volume, taking into account the minimum operating temperature of the premises. Note. The normative volumetric fire extinguishing concentration СН for combustible materials not listed in Appendix 2 is equal to the minimum volumetric fire extinguishing concentration multiplied by a safety factor of 1.2. The minimum volumetric fire extinguishing concentration is determined by the method set out in NPB 51-96. 1.1. The coefficients of equation (1) are determined as follows. 1.1.1. Coefficient taking into account leaks of the gas fire extinguishing composition from the vessels through leaks in the shutoff valves and the uneven distribution of the gas fire extinguishing composition over the volume of the protected room:

1.1.2. Coefficient taking into account the loss of gaseous fire extinguishing composition through leaks in the room:

K 2 \u003d 1.5 × F (Sn, g) × d × t POD ×, (6)

Where Ф (Сн, g) is a functional coefficient depending on the standard volumetric concentration of СН and the ratio of the molecular masses of air and gas fire extinguishing composition; g \u003d t V / t GOS, m 0.5 × s -1, - the ratio of the ratio of the molecular weights of air and GOS; d = S F H / V P - room leak parameter, m -1 ; S F H - total area of ​​leakage, m 2 ; H - the height of the room, m. The coefficient Ф (Сн, g) is determined by the formula

F(Sn, y) = (7)

Where \u003d 0.01 × C H / g is the relative mass concentration of GOS. The numerical values ​​of the coefficient Ф(Сн, g) are given in reference Appendix 5. GOS freons and sulfur hexafluoride; t POD £ 15 s for centralized AUGPs using freons and sulfur hexafluoride as GOS; t POD £ 60 s for AUGP using carbon dioxide as a GOS. 3. The mass of the gas fire extinguishing composition intended for extinguishing a fire in a room with forced ventilation in operation: for freons and sulfur hexafluoride

Mg \u003d K 1 × r 1 × (V p + Q × t POD) × [ C H / (100 - C H) ] (8)

For carbon dioxide

Mg \u003d K 1 × r 1 × (Q × t POD + V p) × ln [ 100/100 - C H) ] (9)

Where Q is the volume flow of air removed from the room by ventilation, m 3 × s -1. 4. Maximum overpressure when supplying gas compositions with room leaks:

< Мг /(t ПОД × j × ) (10)

Where j \u003d 42 kg × m -2 × C -1 × (% vol.) -0.5 is determined by the formula:

Pt \u003d [C N / (100 - C N)] × Ra or Pt \u003d Ra + D Pt, (11)

And with the leakage of the room:

³ Mg/(t POD × j × ) (12)

Determined by the formula

(13)

5. The release time of the GOS depends on the pressure in the cylinder, the type of GOS, the geometric dimensions of pipelines and nozzles. The release time is determined during the hydraulic calculations of the installation and should not exceed the value specified in paragraph 2. Appendix 1.

APPENDIX 2
Mandatory

Table 1

Normative volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of freon 125 (C 2 F 5 H) at t = 20 ° C and P = 0.1 MPa

	GOST, TU, OST
		volume, % vol.	Mass, kg × m -3
ethanol	GOST 18300-72
N-heptane	GOST 25823-83
vacuum oil
Cotton fabric	OST 84-73
PMMA
Organoplast TOPS-Z
Textolite B	GOST 2910-67
Rubber IRP-1118	TU 38-005924-73
Nylon fabric P-56P	TU 17-04-9-78
	OST 81-92-74

table 2

Normative volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of sulfur hexafluoride (SP 6) at t = 20 °C and P = 0.1 MPa

Name of combustible material	GOST, TU, OST	Regulatory fire extinguishing concentration Cn
		volume, % vol.	mass, kg × m -3
N-heptane
Acetone
transformer oil
PMMA	GOST 18300-72
ethanol	TU 38-005924-73
Rubber IRP-1118	OST 84-73
Cotton fabric	GOST 2910-67
Textolite B	OST 81-92-74
Cellulose (paper, wood)

Table 3

Normative volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2) at t = 20 ° C and P = 0.1 MPa

Name of combustible material	GOST, TU, OST	Regulatory fire extinguishing concentration Cn
		volume, % vol.	Mass, kg × m -3
N-heptane
ethanol	GOST 18300-72
Acetone
Toluene
Kerosene
PMMA
Rubber IRP-1118	TU 38-005924-73
Cotton fabric	OST 84-73
Textolite B	GOST 2910-67
Cellulose (paper, wood)	OST 81-92-74

Table 4

Normative volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of freon 318C (C 4 F 8 C) at t \u003d 20 ° C and P \u003d 0.1 MPa

Name of combustible material	GOST, TU, OST	Regulatory fire extinguishing concentration Cn
		volume, % vol.	mass, kg × m -3
N-heptane	GOST 25823-83
ethanol
Acetone
Kerosene
Toluene
PMMA
Rubber IRP-1118
Cellulose (paper, wood)
Getinaks
Styrofoam

APPENDIX 3
Mandatory

General requirements for the installation of local fire extinguishing

1. Local fire extinguishing installations by volume are used to extinguish the fire of individual units or equipment in cases where the use of volumetric fire extinguishing installations is technically impossible or economically impractical. 2. Estimated volume local fire extinguishing is determined by the product of the base area of ​​the protected unit or equipment by their height. In this case, all the calculated dimensions (length, width and height) of the unit or equipment must be increased by 1 m. 3. For local fire extinguishing by volume, carbon dioxide and freons should be used. 4. The normative mass fire extinguishing concentration during local extinguishing by volume with carbon dioxide is 6 kg/m 3 . 5. The time of filing the GOS during local extinguishing should not exceed 30 s.

Method for calculating the diameter of pipelines and the number of nozzles for a low-pressure installation with carbon dioxide

1. The average (during the supply time) pressure in the isothermal tank p t, MPa, is determined by the formula

p t \u003d 0.5 × (p 1 + p 2), (1)

Where p 1 is the pressure in the tank during storage of carbon dioxide, MPa; p 2 - pressure in the tank at the end of the release of the calculated amount of carbon dioxide, MPa, is determined from fig. one.

Rice. 1. Graph for determining the pressure in an isothermal vessel at the end of the release of the calculated amount of carbon dioxide

2. The average consumption of carbon dioxide Q t, kg / s, is determined by the formula

Q t \u003d t / t, (2)

Where m is the mass of the main stock of carbon dioxide, kg; t - carbon dioxide supply time, s, is taken according to clause 2 of Appendix 1. 3. The internal diameter of the main pipeline d i , m, is determined by the formula

d i \u003d 9.6 × 10 -3 × (k 4 -2 × Q t × l 1) 0.19, (3)

Where k 4 is a multiplier, determined from the table. one; l 1 - the length of the main pipeline according to the project, m.

Table 1

4. Average pressure in the main pipeline at the point of its entry into the protected room

p z (p 4) \u003d 2 + 0.568 × 1p, (4)

Where l 2 is the equivalent length of pipelines from the isothermal tank to the point at which the pressure is determined, m:

l 2 \u003d l 1 + 69 × d i 1.25 × e 1, (5)

Where e 1 is the sum of the resistance coefficients of the fittings of pipelines. 5. Medium pressure

p t \u003d 0.5 × (p s + p 4), (6)

Where p z - pressure at the point of entry of the main pipeline into the protected premises, MPa; p 4 - pressure at the end of the main pipeline, MPa. 6. The average flow rate through the nozzles Q t, kg / s, is determined by the formula

Q ¢ t \u003d 4.1 × 10 -3 × m × k 5 × A 3 , (7)

Where m is the flow rate through the nozzles; a 3 - the area of ​​the nozzle outlet, m; k 5 - coefficient determined by the formula

k 5 \u003d 0.93 + 0.3 / (1.025 - 0.5 × p ¢ t) . (eight)

7. The number of nozzles is determined by the formula

x 1 \u003d Q t / Q ¢ t.

8. The inner diameter of the distribution pipeline (d ¢ i , m, is calculated from the condition

d ¢ I ³ 1.4 × d Ö x 1 , (9)

Where d is the nozzle outlet diameter. Note. The relative mass of carbon dioxide t 4 is determined by the formula t 4 \u003d (t 5 - t) / t 5, where t 5 is the initial mass of carbon dioxide, kg.

APPENDIX 5
Reference

Table 1

The main thermophysical and thermodynamic properties of freon 125 (C 2 F 5 H), sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6), carbon dioxide (CO 2) and freon 318C (C 4 F 8 C)

Name	unit of measurement
Molecular mass
Vapor density at Р = 1 atm and t = 20 °С
Boiling point at 0.1 MPa
Melting temperature
Critical temperature
critical pressure
Liquid density at P cr and t cr
Specific heat capacity of a liquid	kJ × kg -1 × °С -1
	kcal × kg -1 × °С -1
Specific heat capacity of gas at Р = 1 atm and t = 25 °С	kJ × kg -1 × °С -1
	kcal × kg -1 × °С -1
Latent heat of vaporization	kJ × kg
	kcal × kg
Gas thermal conductivity coefficient	W × m -1 × °С -1
	kcal × m -1 × s -1 × °С -1
Dynamic viscosity of gas	kg × m -1 × s -1
Relative dielectric constant at Р = 1 atm and t = 25 °С	e × (e air) -1
Partial vapor pressure at t = 20 °C
Breakdown voltage of HOS vapors relative to gaseous nitrogen	V × (V N2) -1

table 2

Correction factor taking into account the height of the protected object relative to sea level

Height, m	Correction factor K 3

Table 3

The values ​​of the functional coefficient Ф (Сн, g) for freon 318Ц (С 4 F 8 Ц)

		Volume concentration of freon 318C Cn, % vol.	Functional coefficient Ф(Сн, g)

Table 4

The value of the functional coefficient Ф (Сн, g) for freon 125 (С 2 F 5 Н)

Volume concentration of freon 125 Cn, % vol.		The volume concentration of freon is 125 Cn,% vol.	Functional coefficient (Сн, g)

Table 5

The values ​​of the functional coefficient Ф (Сн, g) for carbon dioxide (СО 2)

	Functional coefficient (Сн, g)	Volume concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2) Cn, % vol.	Functional coefficient (Сн, g)

Table 6

The values ​​of the functional coefficient Ф (Сн, g) for sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6)

	Functional coefficient Ф(Сн, g)	Volume concentration of sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6) Cn, % vol.	Functional coefficient Ф(Сн, g)

1 area of ​​use. 1 2. Regulatory references. 1 3. Definitions. 2 4. General requirements. 3 5. Designing augp.. 3 5.1. General provisions and requirements. 3 5.2. General requirements for systems of electrical control, control, signaling and power supply augp.. 6 5.3. Requirements for protected premises.. 8 5.4. Safety and security requirements environment.. 8 Annex 1 Method for calculating the parameters of AUGP when extinguishing by volumetric method.. 9 Annex 2 Normative volumetric fire extinguishing concentrations. eleven Appendix 3 General requirements for the installation of local fire extinguishing. 12 Appendix 4 Methodology for calculating the diameter of pipelines and the number of nozzles for a low-pressure installation with carbon dioxide. 12 Appendix 5 Basic thermophysical and thermodynamic properties of freon 125, sulfur hexafluoride, carbon dioxide and freon 318C.. 13