What is a smart city project. Smart city - its components and characteristics

The pace of urbanization in the 21st century is going through the roof. Every year the number of people seeking to move to big cities is only increasing. Megacities attract residents of villages and villages with good working conditions, higher wages, developed infrastructure and high-quality medicine. But in this regard, a number of legitimate questions arise.

How to improve the standard of living of the urban population? How to simplify the process of city management as much as possible? Is it possible to improve the work of municipal transport? The development of the concept of smart cities will help find answers to all these questions. Actually, it will be discussed in our article.

The ideal city problem

Vicenzo Scamozzi, Leonardo da Vinci, Francesco de Marcha, Giovanni Bellucci, Le Corbusier - all these talented people at different times worked on the idea of ​​the so-called ideal city. How to create such locality, in Europe they began to actively think back in the Middle Ages.

So, for example, a drawing of a two-level street with separate traffic, dating from the middle of the 15th century, has been preserved. Its author is the outstanding Italian scientist Leonardo da Vinci. In the northeast of Italy is the unique old city of Palma Nova in the shape of a star. It was founded in 1593. This is how the “ideal city” was imagined by the architect Vicenzo Scamozzi.

Of course, with the rapid development of science and information technology, the idea of ​​an ideal city has changed somewhat. At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, the concept of a "smart city" was born, which is based on the automation of absolutely all processes of urban life.

Smart City: the main tasks of an intelligent city

The concept of "smart city" has emerged relatively recently. Moreover, there is no unambiguous and generally accepted interpretation of this term. The very concept of a smart city (Smart City - in the English version) originated in the late 90s. It was then that the progressive part of humanity first realized that the future lies with the development of the IT sector. It is curious that initially this idea was developed exclusively in an ecological and environmental context. But years have passed, and today Smart City is a comprehensive reality.

So what is a smart city? The following definition can be given: it is the integration of all communication and information technologies with the aim of effective management city ​​system. According to the smart city concept, all these technologies are used to solve a number of important tasks:

1. Rational use of all urban infrastructure facilities.
2. Comprehensive improvement of the environment.
3. Operational collection and transmission of data to city officials.
4. Establishing close ties between the city government and local residents.

7 signs of a smart city

In short, the main goal of the smart city program is to increase the efficiency of all municipal services. Is it possible to somehow distinguish a Smart City from an ordinary settlement? It turns out you can. Here are the seven key features of a smart city:

• Involvement of ordinary urban residents in management issues.
• Availability of intelligent systems
• A smart approach to street lighting.
• Implementation of a citywide and affordable Wi-Fi network.
• Active use of solar panels.
• Availability of the system through sms-messages.
• Minimal use of cash to pay for services and goods.

The main cities today include wireless sensor networks, various online platforms, sensors (for example, to control traffic, air pollution, etc.), electronic maps and applications.

Smart city device

According to the concept we are considering, a smart city consists of seven structural components (parts) - three main and four auxiliary. This is:

1. Smart economy (development of information and communication technologies, favorable environment for innovation, availability of an online booking system).
2. Smart financial system(non-cash payments, availability of ATMs and terminals, transparency in the distribution of tenders).
3. Smart city management (openness of the municipal administration, close ties between local authorities and ordinary residents).
4. Smart public transport.
5. Smart infrastructure.
6. Smart lighting.
7. Smart residents.

Let's take a closer look at some of these components, namely transportation and lighting.

Smart city transport

The transport of the future, according to the famous Brazilian urbanist Jaime Lerner, will be maneuverable and extremely cheap. It will run on the surface and can be easily integrated into underground metro lines. Today, various countries are actively working on the development of a smart bus, a smart bike and a smart taxi.

Smart transport controls everything that happens in the passenger compartment and on the roadway. At the same time, it is able to quickly transmit information about traffic violations to the relevant authorities.

One of the most important components of any smart city is geolocation. It helps to track the movement of urban transport online by determining the location of a particular bus, trolleybus or taxi. In many cities around the world, a system for optimizing the movement of municipal transport has already been introduced, which prompts the passenger (through special information panels or user smartphones) on the optimal route of movement.

Smart city lighting

Imagine that you are walking down a street at night, where the street lamps turn on automatically as you progress. Similar technologies have long been introduced in many cities around the world. So-called motion sensors are extremely popular today. They record the presence of a person (or vehicle), and only then turn on the light. Scientists have calculated that smart lamps within the concept of "smart city" can save up to 80% of electricity compared to conventional incandescent lamps.

It should be noted that in the near future, lighting will become comfortable not only for people, but also for plants. Research is already under way on smart lighting for city parks and gardens, with automatic adjustment of the brightness, intensity and hue of the emitted light.

Architectural lighting is booming. Thanks to a wide variety of LED lamps, new opportunities are created for the original design illumination of the facades of city buildings and public facilities.

Smart Cities: the most famous examples

At the moment, the concept of Smart City is being implemented to a greater or lesser extent in 350 cities around the world. According to analysts, by 2020 this figure will increase to 600 settlements. Here are some examples of the smartest cities in the world:

• Singapore (Singapore).
• Masdar (UAE).
• Columbus (USA).
• Yinchuan (China).
• Fujisawa (Japan).
• Curitiba (Brazil).

Let's take a quick look at what smart technologies are implemented and used in the listed settlements.

Singapore

In the ranking of the smartest cities, the first line is often given to Singapore. The government of the country launched a special Smart Nation program here, within the framework of which city blocks were equipped with solar panels, vacuum waste collectors, as well as sensors that control the volume of electricity and water consumption. Many homes in Singapore have special sensors that monitor the movements of the elderly and, if necessary, send messages to nearby hospitals.

Masdar

The village of Masdar is a futuristic project of the city of the future, located on the territory of the United Arab Emirates. As conceived by the designers, it should become completely autonomous and self-sufficient. All energy required for the functioning of city services and systems will be obtained exclusively from natural renewable sources - wind, sun and water. Despite the hot climate, the air temperature comfortable for human life will remain on the streets of Masdar. This project will be fully implemented only by 2030.

Columbus

At least 850 thousand people live in the capital of Ohio. Google has implemented its Flow system here, which collects and analyzes traffic information from smartphones and navigators. This helps municipal authorities to avoid big traffic jams, and helps local residents to choose the best route and mode of transportation, taking into account the congestion of the main roads. In addition, very soon, unmanned shuttle buses will begin to run in Columbus.

Yinchuan

The relatively small Chinese city of Yinchuan is notable, first of all, for the fact that there is no need not only for cash, but also for bank cards. In order to make a purchase, it is enough to bring your face to a special sensor. The unique one will automatically deduct the required amount from your account.

In addition, a number of other smart technologies. For example, all waste containers are solar-powered and equipped with full indicators. But in the building of the local administration, visitors are greeted not by government officials, but by holograms that can solve many problems of citizens.

Fujisawa

How not to mention Japan, which today is one of the leaders in the introduction of the latest technologies and developments. Most recently, Fujisawa Smart City was inaugurated in this country. Only electric cars roam its streets, and all houses use only solar energy.

Smart lighting has been installed on the streets and alleys of Fujisawa. Flashlights turn on only when there are moving objects in their coverage area. In Japan, as you know, earthquakes are not uncommon. But the city of Fujisawa is fully prepared for any natural disaster and is able to provide its residents with cold and hot water for at least three days.

Curitiba

Brazilian Curitiba is perhaps the most striking example of a "smart city" if we talk exclusively about developing countries. Many problems of the modern metropolis were resolved here fifty years ago. Largely thanks to the efforts of the mayor of the city - Jaime Lerner. He became famous throughout the world for the modernization of his native Curitiba, transforming the urban environment to a reference level in terms of planning.

Lerner has achieved particular success in the field of urban transport. The statistics speak for themselves:

• Public transport in Curitiba consumes 30% less fuel than in other major metropolitan areas.
• The city bus transport system works no less efficiently than the light metro.
• Curitiba is famous for one of the largest pedestrian areas among all cities in the world.
• About 70% of Sao Paulo residents would like to live in Curitiba.

Smart cities of Russia

The concept of smart cities has been of great interest in Russia in recent years. The fact that it resonates with politicians and officials is also positive. different levels. So, in 2016, at the initiative of the Moscow Government, the Smart City Center was opened at VDNKh. A separate pavilion was built for him with quite original design external facades (in the form of a relief pattern of computer microcircuits).

Within Moscow, they want to implement the concept of a smart city in the village of Kommunarka (the settlement of Sosenskoye). Here, the city authorities are planning to create a modern business center with the participation of the French company Engie.

But Huawei is directly involved in the implementation of the Safe City project in St. Petersburg. AT northern capital a cloud storage system for video files collected from 12,000 surveillance cameras has already been developed. It allows you to find the desired fragment in a matter of minutes and take appropriate security measures. The total capacity of this cloud storage is impressive: about 40 PB (for reference: 1 PB is 1 million GB of memory).

"Smart city": the concept of Rostelecom

In April 2018, the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation hosted an extended meeting of a special working group with the participation of representatives from various regions of the country. At it, Rostelecom presented a roadmap for the new Smart City project as part of the Digital Economy of Russia state program.

The Smart City concept developed by Rostelecom includes a number of tasks in six different areas designed to significantly improve the lives of citizens. Among the most important results of the implementation of this project:

• The introduction of public transport on unmanned control.
• Reduction of accidents and emergencies in the housing and communal services system.
• Reducing the total number of accidents in cities.
• Increasing the reliability of energy supply.

The RF Ministry of Construction has also drawn up a list of municipalities where this pilot project will be implemented. It included 18 cities: Perm, Voronezh, Veliky Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Kotovsk, Evpatoria, Tolyatti, Izhevsk, Yelabuga, Glazov, Sarov, Novouralsk, Satka, Sarapul, Magas and Sosnovy Bor.

Finally…

"Smart City" is a concept based on a settlement that uses a variety of information Technology for more efficient functioning of all its services and systems. The key idea of ​​such a city is to collect various information (in real time) and use it to make rational, constructive decisions.

Faced with the concept of "smart city", many people begin to imagine futuristic panoramas described in various stories by science fiction writers: hovering cars, robots, lasers, holographic objects... But what really makes a city "smart"? What technologies are used for this today?

What is a "smart city"?

What is a "smart city"?

A smart city, also known as an "intellectual city", "digital city" is a concept on which a number of specialists have different points of view. So far, their opinions agree on only one thing: it is wrong to define a smart city only as an area saturated with technology. Technologies in this case are rather a means to achieve a universal goal - the formation of a comfortable urban environment. And the "mind" of the city is, first of all, a dialogue with the local population and the formation of a joint future in accordance with their aspirations, as well as the way they act. That is, a "smart city" is a city that uses high technology to communicate in order to fruitfully use the available resources to improve living standards, reduce environmental damage, to support innovation, as well as to rational use energy and cost savings. An example here is the openness of the government, the high degree of involvement of citizens in management processes, the feasibility of development, the ubiquitous availability of the Internet, spaces for cyclists, the availability of city on-line services, etc.

What makes a smart city work?

Ambitious projects are being launched in a number of countries to develop modern urban infrastructure based on the use of modern technologies. A smart city must necessarily have a qualified managerial and analytical resource in order to predict possible negative trends as accurately as possible. To eliminate the shortcomings of modern cities, new IT systems are produced and tested, which use Big Data analytics (data arrays about the citizens of the city), complex computer modeling, apply the results of the latest scientific research in sociology and human behavior. Therefore, in smart city projects, it is important to take into account a variety of approaches - from the study of human behavior to the management of resources and infrastructure. At its core, this is a network of intertwined mechanisms, and information and communication technologies make it possible to visualize their interaction, manage current flows that cover not only urban structures of various levels, but also the suburbs, and in some cases even other cities. From the position of ICT, general optimization in various areas, balance material resources, which include positions from the city budget to food and waste, as well as intangible - urban population, energy, information.

Where was this technology first used?

The idea for Smart City was born in the Spanish seaside city of Santander, after the European Union chose this place as a pilot project for the implementation of smart city concepts. Even 6 years ago, more than twelve thousand sensors were installed in the center of Santander, which diagnose, if not everything, then definitely a lot: the amount of garbage in the tanks, free parking spaces, the ratio of cars and pedestrians. What's more, sensors on the policemen's cars measure the degree of air pollution. Among other things, traffic light control was introduced. For example, a sound sensor at a particular traffic light detects the siren of a fire truck or an ambulance, and then sends signals to other traffic lights and they all adjust their work in order to clear the road faster in remote areas. Economic difficulties in Spain served as a kind of motivation for the formation of a smart city: for example, thanks to sensors, the cost of street lighting. Automatic control of the fullness of the garbage cans allowed the authorities to reduce energy costs, since the garbage was subsequently removed more quickly. A certain array of data eventually became available to both residents of the city and tourists thanks to the developed mobile application. Thus, we can see that with the spread of this kind of technology, the city becomes smarter, it makes contact, residents have an idea of ​​​​how it functions and, according to existing system planning their daily schedule. 11 million euros were spent on the equipment of Santander.

What other examples of "smart city" exist in the world?

In 2014, in Copenhagen, the implementation of large-scale project, which will rebuild the city into a unitary system, through the use of a number of technologies and management decisions. The system is already set up to save energy, increase safety in the city and reduce environmental pollution. Smart cities are also called Helsinki, Vancouver, Vienna, Singapore, New York, Tokyo, Seoul, Amsterdam, Lyon. Following the example of its more developed counterparts, the City of Bogota has boosted its image by clearing out slums and lawbreakers to become one of the emerging green cities. Now it is one of the most ecologically developed cities. Latin America: The Colombian capital has implemented a "smart" public transportation system, tens of kilometers of bike paths and more than a thousand urban green crops. Thus, the quality of air and water in the city has significantly improved, and the trade in natural resources has also been completed.

Are smart cities developing in Russia?

Some Russian cities are already experimenting with the introduction of "smart" technologies. First of all, this affects large metropolitan areas, whose budgets allow the use of individual services in practice. For example, in Moscow, interactive services are already actively used in the sphere of housing and communal services and transport. Major development projects in the field of security and sound management of urban utilities have started in St. Petersburg and Kazan. The introduction of "smart" technologies in Russian cities is carried out by the largest international IT companies, such as IBM, Cisco and a number of others. In particular, the “Smart and Safe City of Kazan” project being implemented by Cisco provides for a unified city wifi network and video surveillance, control of the urban environment and the ecological situation, an intelligent transport system - a complex of traffic flow sensors, a processing center and controlled traffic lights. It is assumed that as a result of the implementation of the project, the costs in the housing and communal services sector will decrease by 80%, for street lighting - by 40% and 50%, and the efficiency of using public transport will increase.

Today, the world's population is about 7.4 billion people, almost half - 3.6 billion, already live in cities, although 10 years ago the share of the urban population was about 35%. With such a high rate of urbanization, the pressure placed on city services is often overwhelming.

To solve this problem, the concept of "Smart City" (Smart City) was invented. The goal of the program is to increase the efficiency of all city services. The concept has become quite widespread: at the moment, Smart City has been implemented in one form or another in 2,500 cities around the world.

It is difficult to give a clear definition for Smart City. In general, this is a system in which the existing resources of city services are used in the best possible way and ensure the maximum safety of city life. This requires a close connection between smart city projects (video surveillance, public services, smart transport system etc.) on a city or region scale.

One of the most important components of Smart City is the Intelligent Transport System (ITS), which optimizes traffic by displaying the traffic situation on street information panels and users' smartphones, prompts them for the best route, and carries many other useful functions. Next system- geoinformation (GIS), serves as a common "geographical substrate" for all Smart City subsystems. Another subsystem, the Electronic Police (ePolice), works as follows: with any call to the “electronic police” console, the location of the caller is displayed on the GIS map, and a window opens on the duty officer’s monitor for registering the message, its subsequent processing and taking operational measures. Another function is Electronic Education (eEducation). It allows the student to attend the lecture while sitting at the computer. The student will also listen to the lecture, see the teacher and follow his notes on the electronic board in the classroom. The student can even virtually “raise their hand” from home and ask the teacher a question. All recorded lectures are saved for later review and consolidation of the material.

And finally, e-health (eHealth). This feature will simplify the process of electronic appointment with a doctor. The basis of the system is a single electronic database of patients. In this database, you can immediately get acquainted with what tests were done, what treatment was prescribed in other clinics. The videoconferencing system with the effect of presence (Telepresence) will help to hold a consultation of specialists, to consider in detail the results of MRI and radiography, and also to perform an operation under the remote guidance of a surgeon.

It can be concluded that for effective work Smart City requires a deeply integrated system consisting of many subsystems. It makes little sense to implement such projects partially, it is necessary to develop a common concept of a “smart city”, which will take into account both the current needs of various city services and development prospects, taking into account all external factors. Therefore, in Smart City projects, it is necessary A complex approach, which is the main obstacle in the implementation of the concept.

In the list of companies involved in the implementation of Smart City projects, Huawei can be singled out: the company has experience in implementing Smart City components in Chinese cities with a population of over 15 million people, such as Shanghai, Guangzhou and others.

In Russia, Huawei took part in the Safe City project in St. Petersburg. For this, a system was developed for cloud storage of video files from 12 thousand cameras of the outdoor video surveillance system, filming in 1080p resolution. The cloud storage capacity is 40PB (1PB=1000000 GB). The system allows you to quickly find the desired fragment on the video, thereby ensuring high efficiency of security measures. The solution also provides benefits such as unified resource sharing across services and improved urban security through video content mining.

Huawei stands out with a wide range of equipment and solutions for various levels of Smart City solution, as well as extensive experience in the supply of IT equipment (servers, storage systems, routers and switches) and data center infrastructure. Thanks to this, the implementation of a wide range of hardware platforms for the Smart City solution becomes possible with Huawei.

Each era builds its cities. It builds, determined by a certain sum of historical conditions: social and political structure, the level of development of technology and technology, its own special psychology, culture, etc. Our time is the age of knowledge, information and computer engineering. Almost no area of ​​modern life can do without the use of information and computing technologies. What can we say about urban planning.

City on your mind

The result of the integration of modern technologies in urban planning and urban management was the concept of "smart city". It's not that cities were once stupid, but are only now becoming smart. No. It's just that earlier they came directly from the hands of a person, and today an intermediary - a computer - has stood between them. The current smart city is a city that, with the help of technology, is taught to think and make decisions independently.

His thoughts are mainly occupied with four basic things: how to increase comfort, safety, where to save money and do less harm.

How it happens in practice.

smart city model

Dialog

The first is communication. Here, the smart city acts as a medium between those who make urban planning decisions, who implement them, and those who use the results of these decisions. Simply put - between the municipal government, management and service companies and citizens.

In practice, these are various open interactive web platforms where every citizen can influence the present and future of their place of residence. For example, to vote for which monument will stand in his yard, or how to name the street and where to stop. Here you can complain about someone: a policeman, a neighbor, a suspicious person; point to an unauthorized dump or an extinguished lantern. Right there: electronic libraries, school electronic diaries and journals, electronic entry to the clinic, interactive services for the provision of public services, and the like.

Strelka Institute collects opinions of citizens as part of the program for the renovation of public spaces in the regions

The result is a huge archive of civic activity protocols. All information is then filtered, analyzed, processed (at best), and specific decisions are made based on this data.

City "sensitive"

In another case, a knowledge-intensive city operates more independently. For this, the conditions of its "sensitivity" are created. In a certain urban location or infrastructure facility, sensors are installed that monitor this area or object, collecting data: on the state of the environment, technical serviceability of communications, use of resources (electricity, heat and water supply), crime situation, etc. So identify problem areas, inefficiently functioning systems in order to optimize them in the future.

The most famous sensor is the CCTV camera. And it is no longer just a security tool. The cameras, using public Wi-Fi, inform citizens about free parking spaces through a mobile application, simplifying life and saving time for many, many.

Wi- fimodules for determining free places

The emergence of 5G and the development of ultra-precise navigation bring the emergence of unmanned public transport closer. So far, geoinformation technologies provide access to the analysis and management of urban transport network or tell in how many minutes the tram number 9 will arrive.

Sensor-equipped street lights with LEDs significantly save resources and increase safety. There are people - the lantern is on, no - it goes out. For example, "smart lights" save Los Angeles about $ 9 million a year.

The principle of operation of intelligent lighting. Data comes in real time

Safety is also enhanced with the help of "shot locator" technology. Autonomous or lamp-mounted sound sensors detect shots and automatically report this to the police. The software is also capable of determining the number of shooters.

Shot Spotter Locator

Of course, this is not a complete list of smart technologies that determine the functioning of a modern city. But even this list gives an idea of ​​the vector of urban development.

Smart architecture

The most creative part of a smart city is its architecture. Together with it, he solves the same problems: ecology, economy, safety and comfort. Modern houses are equipped with water or gas leak sensors, the devices automatically regulate heating and air humidity. The complex of machine-to-machine interaction of information and communication elements is called "Internet of things".

To reduce more negative impact on the environment, architects are developing projects in which the share of environmentally friendly materials is increasing. Moreover, a smart building must independently provide itself with energy resources, using natural energy sources as a priority.

The requirements for green building are based on the American LEED standard and the British BREEAM.

300-meter Chinese skyscraperPearl River Tower, designed and developed by Gordon Gill (GordonGill) and an architectural firmSkidmore, Owings& Merrill, is considered one of the most environmentally friendly buildings in the world. wind turbines use the wind to generate electricity and as a source of ventilation, radiation heating and cooling. Rainwater tanks are heated by the sun and provide hot water. Solar panels additionally provide the building with electricity. The transparent facade is equipped with a system of automated blinds sensitive to sunlight.

The design features of the building reduce energy consumption by 58% compared to similar stand-alone buildings

The two towers of the Bahrain World Trade Center are connected by a structure of three turbines with generators connected to them. They are oriented to the north, from where the wind blows more often. The system provides 11 to 15% of the energy needed by the building. Designed and built by Atkins

Hearst Tower is the first "green" high-rise office building built in New York. The floor of the atrium is paved with heat-conducting limestone. A polyethylene pipe embedded in the floor drives the circulating water for cooling in summer and heating in winter. The rain collected on the roof is used for the cooling system and for watering the plants in the main lobby. 85% of the building's structural steel contains recycled material. Overall, the building was designed to use 26% less energy than citywide standards require. The project belongsNorman Foster with Adamson Associates Architects

Bank of America Tower. The façade uses glass that partially absorbs solar radiation while retaining maximum natural light. Automatic system daylight control reduces heat loss and air conditioning costs. The air entering the building is filtered based on carbon dioxide sensors. The outgoing air is also cleaned. The concrete from which the skyscraper was built is 45% recycled - slag, which also reduces the amount of carbon dioxide emitted. Designed by AdamsonAssociatesArchitects and CokFoxarchitects

Not only ecology worries smart architecture, but also the general urban space. The problem of insolation in places of dense accumulation of skyscrapers is solved using the technology of facades that do not cast a shadow.

Architects from the NBBJ bureau created a project of two towers, one of which - with a mirror surface - reflects light, directing it exactly to the area where the second tower casts a shadow

The most advanced methods of designing a living environment are used in the so-called parametric architecture. In the very general sense parametric design - generation of free architectural forms based on the functional data of the future building. That is, a computer program models a project based on the calculation of various initial parameters: the purpose of the building, the number of visitors or residents (depending on the type of buildings), their trajectories, landscape, traffic flow, climate, etc.

Parametric Urbanism - Master Plan for Kartal and Pendik districts in Istanbul, ZahaHadidArchitects. The length and width of the streets depend on traffic activity data and the number of residents. The same parameters determine the number of storeys of buildings, the number of apartments. The program forms a grid of neighborhoods, identifies the main nodes where it can replace part of the housing with a public building or a store. When adding additional parameters, the program rebuilds the model

Robotization and automation of a modern city should not become an end in itself or a competitive competition. A smart city is not limited to the introduction of innovative technological and information products. The main thing remains a focus on the person, on the correlation of design methods with the psychology and needs of people, their life values and goals.

A modern smart city, perhaps - First stage a long way of digital urban development. What's next? Imagination draws futurological pictures of a fully robotic metropolis. Utopia always raises the question of man's place in the world. Will he become freer with the help of high technology, or will he find a new addiction?