When we were just going there, we were very scared by the fact that Ladoga is supposedly harsh and unpredictable, so if we suddenly get together there, we need to prepare a will in advance and we shouldn’t count on anything good. I don’t know where these horror stories come from, but in practice, more and more people walk around Ladoga every year and more people and some problems, if they happen, are either with ice fishermen or with hard-drinking people. In general, people walk there quietly until late autumn.

Tourists have nothing to fear there, if you observe some kind of safety and do not climb into the water in objectively bad weather.

Here I want to talk about Lake Ladoga and how we saw it. Of course, we were far from everywhere - there are many islands, but we visited the Lakeside, Lahdenpokh, Sortaval and Pitkyarantsky skerries, as well as the archipelagos.

For example, we visited:

• Mykerikkyu Island
• Yalayansari Island (Yalayansaari, Finnish Jalajansaari, Hungry Island), part of the Western Archipelago.
• Heinäsenmaa Island, part of the Western Ladoga archipelago
• Verkkosaari Island is part of the Western Archipelago.
• Vossinoisaari Island in the Western Archipelago.
• Bayevy Islands on Ladoga, which are part of the Valaam archipelago.
• Cross Island (Ristisaari), which is part of the Eastern Archipelago.
• Kheposari Island is a small island in the Ladoga skerries, located near the city of Sortavala.
• Palosaret Islands, which are located in the Lakeside skerries.

To begin with, a little background information about Lake Ladoga

Ladoga lake is located in two regions, the northern and eastern coast in the Republic of Karelia, and the western, southern and southeastern coast in Leningrad region.

Ladoga is considered the largest freshwater lake in Europe. The area of ​​the lake without islands is 17.9 thousand km². At least 40 rivers and large streams flow into Lake Ladoga, and one flows out - the Neva River. The water is clean, except for areas polluted by industrial effluents.

The cities of Priozersk, Novaya Ladoga, Shlisselburg, Sortavala, Pitkyaranta, Lahdenpokhya are located on the shores of Lake Ladoga.

There are about 660 islands on Lake Ladoga. Of these, about 500 are concentrated in the northern part of the lake, in the so-called skerry region, as well as in the Valaam (about 50 islands, including the Bayevye islands), the Western archipelagos and the Mantsinsaari group of islands (about 40 islands). The largest islands are Riekkalansari, Mantsinsaari, Kilpola, Tulolansari and Valaam.

The most famous on Lake Ladoga are the Valaam Islands - an archipelago of about 50 islands with an area of ​​\u200b\u200babout 36 km², due to the location of the Valaam Monastery on the main island of the archipelago. Also known is the island of Konevets, on which the monastery is located.

The islands of the lake are rocky, with high, up to 60-70 m, sometimes sheer shores, covered with forest, sometimes almost bare or with sparse vegetation.

The southern and southwestern shores of the lake are overgrown with reeds and cattails for 150 km.

There are shelters and nesting places for waterfowl. There are many nesting gulls on the islands, they grow blueberries, lingonberries, and larger ones have mushrooms.

The lake is rich in freshwater fish, which go to the rivers to spawn. In Lake Ladoga live: Ladoga slingshot, salmon, trout, char, whitefish, vendace, smelt, bream, cheese, blue bream, silver bream, rudd, asp, catfish, pike perch, roach, perch, pike, burbot and others.

The only representative of pinnipeds, the Ladoga ringed seal, lives in Lake Ladoga. The number of seals in the lake is estimated at 4000-5000 animals. You can meet them both in skerries and on archipelagos, however, seals prefer low rocky islands for recreation.

The lake freezes in December (coastal part) - February (central part), opens in April - May. The central part is covered with solid ice only in very severe winters.

Due to the long and strong winter cooling, the water in the lake is very cold even in summer; it warms up only in a thin upper layer and in coastal strip. The water temperature on the surface in August is up to 24 °C in the south, 18-20 °C in the center, near the bottom about 4 °C, in winter under ice 0-2 °C.

There are an average of 62 sunny days per year. Therefore, during most of the year, days with cloudy, overcast weather and diffused lighting prevail.

The so-called "white nights" are observed over the lake, coming on May 25-26, when the sun drops below the horizon by no more than 9 °, and the evening twilight practically merges with the morning. The white nights end on July 16-17. In total, the duration of the white nights is more than 50 days.

Calms are rare. In October, storm winds with a speed of more than 20 m/s are often observed on Lake Ladoga, the maximum wind speed reaches 34 m/s. Breezes are observed along the entire coast in summer on windless sunny days and clear nights. The lake breeze starts at about 9 am and lasts until 8 pm, its speed is 2-6 m/s; it extends 9-15 km inland. Fogs are observed most often in spring, late summer and autumn.

There are constant disturbances on the lake. During severe storms, the water in it "boils", and the waves are almost completely covered with foam. In the water regime, surge phenomena are characteristic (fluctuations in the water level by 50-70 cm annually, up to a maximum of 3 m), seiches (up to 3-4 m), wave height during storms up to 6 m.

Seasonal fluctuations in the water level in the lake are small due to the large area of ​​the water surface of this reservoir and due to the relatively small annual variation in the amount of water entering it.

Nevertheless, in Lake Ladoga, in any case, the water level changes regularly and this must be taken into account. In the Sortavala skerries, we somehow passed a shallow channel between the islands and went calmly in one direction in August, and in September, returning, we already began to cling to the bottom, which caused us certain troubles.

In addition, not only can the water level vary throughout the year, but there are also thirty-year (Brickner) cycles in which the water level in the lake can vary by several meters.

Here in the photo, for example, you can see what the water level is now and what it was like 20-30 years ago. Where the water oscillated, the color of the stone became lighter and the structure polished. Can you imagine how many islands then appear out of the water, then disappear during such cycles?

Northern shores, from Priozersk in the west to Pitkyaranta in the east, for the most part high, rocky, strongly indented, form numerous peninsulas and narrow bays (fjords and skerries), as well as small islands separated by straits.

The southern shores are low, slightly indented, flooded due to the neotectonic submeridional skew of the lake. The coast here is replete with shoals, rocky reefs and banks. It is inconvenient to walk here with a motor - unlike the northern coast, algae constantly cling to it, which also does not add joy.

The eastern shore is not very indented, two bays protrude into it - Lunkulanlahti and Uksunlahti, fenced off from the side of the lake by one of the largest islands of Ladoga - Mantsinsaari. There are wide sandy beaches here. The west coast is even less indented. It is overgrown with dense mixed forest and shrubs, coming close to the water's edge, along which there are scatterings of boulders. Ridges of stones often go far from the capes into the lake, forming dangerous underwater shoals.

World War II fortifications on Lake Ladoga

Heinäsenmaa, Verkkosaari, Vossinoisari, Myukkerikke, Rahmansari and several other small islands - this is the Western Archipelago. The people call them Defensive because during the Winter War of 39-40, they housed all kinds of Finnish fortifications related to the Mannerheim Line. Also, on the island of Rahmansari in September 1941, very heavy battles were fought - the Finns successfully knocked out ours from there.

Heinäsenmaa Island on Lake Ladoga

Since the 1950s, Soviet test sites have been located on the islands of the Western and Eastern Archipelago, where weapons of mass destruction were tested. In particular, there are several contaminated zones on Heinäsenmaa, fenced off with barbed wire and radiation signs.

Verkkosaari Island

On Verkkosaari there is neither a training ground nor a burial ground, only old Finnish positions, a couple of shooting cells and a dugout inhabited by fishermen.

Rahmansari Island

Active battles were fought on Rahmansari during the Second World War, but we did not see any artillery positions there. All that is interesting on the island is a lighthouse and landing stage.

Mykerikkyu Island

I have already read somewhere that there are allegedly really zones with radioactive contamination on Mykkerikkyu, but even though we did not have a dosimeter, these zones seemed somehow doubtful. Enthusiastically turning our heads, we dragged the catamaran closer to the shore along flat pitfalls, deciding first to see what was happening here, and then have a bite to eat and decide whether we should go further or stay here for the whole day.

Ristisaari Island

Hiking routes along Ladoga

I was asked a question like this:

• Kayaks can be collected right in Priozersk - opposite the railway station - there is a convenient beach, there is a boat station. In this case, from Priozersk along Vuoksa, you can go straight to Ladoga through the Tikhaya River. The Quiet River is a rapid (more precisely, a shivers) - well, under the bridge there is such a stormy place - you just have to go straight, as the current carries, and calmly slip through, but it’s very fun to walk along it, and the river itself is pleasant and pretty.
• In Priozersk, you can call a taxi, it's cheap there, and it takes half an hour to get to some Ladoga beach - the drivers know all these beaches - they will take you right to the lake. From there you can start in any direction - both to the skerries and to the archipelagos.
• By car or taxi (from Priozersk) you can get to the island of Kilpola - there is a boat station, where you can leave your cars. Well, go along Ladoga right away.

You can also land on the island of Kilpola or in the village of Tervu or the village of Hiitola (you need to go up the river to it) or near the village of Burnevo, on the beach and call a taxi there. And, of course, you can leave cities like Sortavala or Pitkyaranta (if suddenly someone gets there).

Many go to the so-called "Kocherga" - you can google where it is, but there are usually a lot of tourists there. In that area on the islands there are large flat beaches for large companies and convenient mooring. True, most likely all these beaches will be busy in July, so you will have to look for less convenient places. Although, in July and August there will be people everywhere. I can't imagine where it isn't.

If we talk apart from the original question, then for a relaxed holiday it is better to go to the Priozersky, Lahdenpohsky, Sortavalsky or Pitkyarantsky skerries. And if you want to climb all sorts of Finnish fortifications and look at abandonment, then it’s better to go to the archipelagos, for example, to the island of Ristisaari, Heinäsenmaa, Myukerikkyu, etc.

The weather in July-August is usually warm and calm, there are usually no storms (only in autumn), and if there is, then just a slight wave, with a few exceptions. And in any case, in the summer there are usually no storms for more than two days in a row. You can swim, sunbathe, and generally have fun.

Border guards on Lake Ladoga

I was asked this question:

We are now thinking about a short trip to the skerries of Lake Ladoga. Can you tell me what pick-up and drop-off points are there, from where you can get to St. Petersburg? Is it possible to throw yourself out in the middle of the way between Priozersk and Lahdenpokhya?

We go by train to St. Petersburg and from St. Petersburg, and there we rely on electric trains or auto taxis for drop-off. Or maybe in general we can choose one place to start and end the journey, and just paddle around the area on different islands all day long, without big transitions.

How is the weather there usually in the second half of July, and are there any interesting and calm routes for five days of kayaking for a group of beginners and not so kayakers? Are there beautiful wild places for this option or only crowded ones?

And further. Are there any problems with border guards on Ladoga? We understand that the border zone passes nearby.

How to throw yourself on Lake Ladoga

1. Kayaks can be collected right in Priozersk - opposite the railway station - there is a convenient beach, there is a boat station. In this case, from Priozersk along Vuoksa, you can go straight to Ladoga through the Tikhaya River. The Quiet River is a rapid (more precisely, a shivers) - well, under the bridge there is such a stormy place - you just have to go straight, as the current carries, and calmly slip through, but it’s very fun to walk along it, and the river itself is pleasant and pretty.

2. In Priozersk, you can call a taxi, it's cheap there, and drive half an hour to some Ladoga beach - the drivers know all these beaches - they will take you right to the lake. From there you can start in any direction - both to the skerries and to the archipelagos.

3. By car or taxi (from Priozersk) you can get to the island of Kilpola - there is a boat station, where you can leave your cars. Well, go along Ladoga right away.

How to throw out (leave) from Ladoga

As for the drop, the easiest way to leave, of course, is from Priozersk, Kuznechny or Lahdenpokhya.

You can also land on the island of Kilpola or in the village of Tervu or the village of Hiitola (you need to go up the river to it) or near the village of Burnevo, on the beach and call a taxi there. And, of course, you can leave cities like Sortavala (if suddenly someone gets there).

Where to go on Ladoga on kayaks or catamarans

On Ladoga, you can go wherever you want, just along the islets - they are all interesting and beautiful.

Many go to the so-called "Kocherga" - you can google where it is, but there are usually a lot of tourists there. In that area on the islands there are large flat beaches for large companies and convenient mooring. True, most likely all these beaches will be busy in July, so you will have to look for less convenient places. Although, in July and August there will be people everywhere) I can’t imagine where it is not.

There will be almost no one on Verkkosaari or Mykerikkyu - it will be more precise, but less than in skerries. But newcomers probably will not dare to go to these islands. Yes, this is not necessary, since the next ones are also interesting. A good route (if not in your own car and you don’t need to return to it) from Priozersk to Lahdenpokhya. You'll get there in five days. Well, everything is along the coast, but it will work out on the islands. From Lakhdenpokhya, you can already go home by train.

You can also go to the archipelagos - for example, Heinäsenmaa or Verkkosaari or Vossinoisaari or Mykerikkyu. True, not everyone will agree to this, perhaps, because they believe that it is far and dangerous, although we calmly walked along these routes in kayaks. And many even swam to Valaam.

Weather on Ladoga in summer (in July and August)

The weather in July-August is usually warm and calm, there are usually no storms (only in autumn), and if there is, then just a slight commotion. You can swim, sunbathe, and generally have fun.

Border guards on Ladoga

Border guards can only be met on the train to Lahdenpokhya, and even then they will only check your passport and ask where you are going. Say that there are no problems on Ladoga. But if you land in Priozersk, then there will not even be border guards, most likely. In principle, no passes or anything like that is needed on Ladoga.

By the way, just in case, I'll write about GIMS. Kayaks do not need to be registered now. And many catamarans too.

One of the largest lakes in Europe, located in the Republic of Karelia and the Leningrad Region, is Ladoga. There are a number of settlements on the shores of the lake, including Shlisselburg, Novaya Ladoga and Priozersk - in the Leningrad region and Pitkyaranta, Lahdenpokhya and Sortavala - in the Republic of Karelia. Historians claim that the name of the lake was given by the river, which now flows into it. The city of the same name appeared on this river and then the name migrated to the lake. Words similar in pronunciation are found in Karelian and Finnish. Among the inhabitants of Karelia, this word meant a wave, among the Finns - a river, in the lowlands.

Ladoga Map

All scientists who have studied the nature of the lake are of the same opinion that the lake is of glacial-tectonic origin, as a result of the rise of the land and the retreat of the glacier. Climatic conditions on the lake, changing from temperate continental to temperate marine.

The total area occupied by the waters of the lake, excluding the islands, is 17.6 thousand km², and if the islands are also taken into account, then 18.1 thousand km². Its length reaches 219 km, and the maximum width is 138 km. The total volume of water resources of the lake is about 908 km³. The relief of the bottom of the lake is quite diverse. It is characterized by an increase in depth in the direction from south to north. This change occurs rather unevenly, if in the northern part the depths range from 70 to 230 meters, then in the south it is only from 20 to 70 meters. The average depth on the lake is 50 meters, and the maximum is in the northern part of Lake Valaam and is 233 meters.

The perimeter of the coastline of the lake is close to 1000 km. The northern shores are mostly high and rocky, in some places strongly indented, they form a large number of bays and peninsulas. The southern shores are quite low, there are many shoals and rocky reefs. In addition, the three largest bays on Ladoga are located here - the Volkhov, Svir and Shlisselbrug bays. The eastern shores are slightly indented, there are only two bays - Uksunlahti and Lunkulanlahti, almost the entire part of the coast is fenced off from the center of the lake by the largest lake, called Mantsinsaari. In this part of the lake you can find a few, but fairly wide sandy beaches. The western coast, almost entirely, is overgrown with shrubs and mixed forest, which rises almost to the water. Here you can often meet dangerous underwater shoals.

In total, about 35 rivers flow into Ladoga. The largest of them is Svir, it connects Ladoga with another large lake - Onega. The only river called Neva flows out of the lake.

There are about 660 islands on the lake, their total area is more than 1 ha. Of these, about 500 are concentrated in the northern part of the lake. The largest are Riekkalansari, Mantsinsaari, Kilpola and Tulolansari.

In Lake Ladoga, scientists have counted about 120 species of higher aquatic plants, 378 species and subspecies of planktonic animals and 256 species of birds. There are 53 species and varieties of fish here, which go to the rivers for spawning. by the most prominent representatives The underwater world of the lake are the Ladoga slingshot, salmon, trout, whitefish, smelt, vendace, bream, catfish and pike perch. Photo materials used from Wikimedia © Foto, Wikimedia Commons

The problem of the history of the development of Lake Ladoga and the formation of the river. The Neva is currently debatable in many respects. The currently available fundamental generalizations made by teams of authors 1 leave a number of important questions that require further scientific study and solution. The main ones are the time of occurrence of the river. Neva and the direction of flow from Ladoga before the formation of the river. Not you.

The basin of Lake Ladoga began to fill with water as the glacier of the last Valdai glaciation was destroyed and melted. According to recent studies on the problem of deglaciation of the basins of Lakes Ladoga and Onega, using varvochronological, radiocarbon and paleomagnetic analyzes of ribbon clays, it was found that Lake Ladoga was freed from ice in the interval of 14000-12500 calendar years (11800-10300 14 C years ago) ( Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Stages of deglaciation in the basin of Lake Ladoga

Within the limits of the basin of Lake Ladoga, there was a deep-water cold oligotrophic periglacial reservoir (Fig. 2), which was the eastern reach of the Baltic glacial lake 2 , in which a thick sequence of lacustrine-glacial banded clays 3 was formed over 2000 years.

Rice. 2-a. The position of the edge of the glacier and the adjoining Baltic Glacial Lake 10300 14 C years ago or 11500 calendar years ago before its descent after the retreat of the edge of the glacier from the city of Billingen in Central Sweden. The dotted line shows the current position of the coastline Baltic Sea 7 .
Rice. 2b. Lake Ladoga was part of a large near-glacial lake. Water level marks reached 50-60m. Northern part Karelian Isthmus was flooded

A characteristic feature of banded clays is their distinct gradation layering. In sections of banded clays, there is an alternation of layers of two types: clayey, relatively thin and darker-colored, and coarser, silty or sandy, thick and light-colored.

The first are called winter layers, the second - summer layers. Ribbon clays were formed from glacial turbidity, a product of moraine washing, which was brought by melt water flows into the periglacial reservoir (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Photograph of banded clays formed under the conditions of a periglacial lake. One layer corresponds to one year.

The sedimentation of coarser clastic material on the bottom of the lake in the spring-summer period and finer material in suspension in the autumn-winter season led to the formation of banded clays. In the cold, sharply continental climate of the Late Glacial, the productivity of lacustrine and terrestrial ecosystems was low, which was reflected in the very low content of organic matter in banded clays.

A thick layer of lacustrine-glacial deposits of the BLO covers almost the entire bottom of Lake Ladoga, and their thickness reaches 20-30m 4 . Deposits of the Baltic glacial lake are also found in bottom sediment sections of many lakes located in the northern lowland part of the Karelian Isthmus 5 .

Higher in the section of banded clays, the layers gradually thin until they completely disappear: banded clays are replaced by microlayered and homogeneous clays (Fig. 4).

Rice. 4. Composite section of bottom sediments of Lake Ladoga and paleogeographic reconstruction 12 . Changes in the structure of bottom sediments of Lake Ladoga over time from glacial deposits (moraine) to lacustrine-glacial (band clays) and lacustrine (homogeneous clays and silts) are shown. P.p.p. – losses during calcination of samples of bottom sediments, an indicator of changes in the content of organic matter, which in turn is an indicator of the bioproductivity of a reservoir and changes in temperature. The maximum content of organic matter in bottom sediments corresponds to the Holocene optimum.

This facies transition from one type of clay to another was associated with the gradual degradation of the glacier, the retreat of its edge from the catchment area of ​​the lake and, accordingly, with a decrease in the supply of detrital material and the precipitation of predominantly suspended matter.

According to existing ideas, the last reduction of the Baltic Ice Sheet occurred unevenly, as did the subsequent isostatic uplift of the territory. It is believed that about 10300 14 C years ago in the area of ​​the modern city of Billingen in central Sweden (Fig. 2), the collapse of the glacial blade led to the release of the straits, a sharp decrease in the runoff threshold and a drop in the level of the Baltic Glacial Lake (BLL), which caused the release of under the waters of a vast territory from the Baltic to the White Sea, adjacent to the edge of the ice sheet.

The descent of the BLO was catastrophic and short-lived. Penetrate into the basin of the Baltic sea ​​waters world ocean, forming the saline conditions of the Yoldian Sea stage (Fig. 5). Lake Ladoga from this point in time is isolated from the Baltic.

Rice. 5-a. The position of the edge of the glacier and the outline of the Yoldian Sea, which was connected to the ocean through the straits in Central Sweden 13 .
Rice. 5 B. Lake Ladoga connected with the Yoldian Sea in the northern part of the Karelian Isthmus. The dashed line shows the southern boundary of Lake Ladoga in the Yoldian stage.

The decrease in the BLO level was accompanied by strong processes of denudation and erosion of the exposed parts of the bottom, as a result of which, in the sections of bottom sediments of most lakes in the northern part of the Karelian Isthmus, a sandy interlayer is observed at the contact of clays and overlying silts or a sharp boundary between them, indicating a break in sedimentation. In the sediment structure of lakes located within the Karelian Isthmus - the Heiniok Strait, which connected Lake Ladoga and the Baltic Sea, interlayers of sand up to 0.5 m 6 thick are found, overlapping band clays. Higher in the sections, sand interlayers are overlain by organomineral lacustrine deposits (sapropels) and bog peat.

In the early Holocene (10300-9500 years ago), due to significant climate warming in the Northern Hemisphere, the rapid destruction of the Baltic ice sheet, the descent of the Baltic glacial lake, and, as a result, the isolation of Lake Ladoga, there was a change in the lake of glacial lake type lacustrine sedimentation (Fig. 4). Characteristic thin gray homogeneous clays (0.2-0.8 m) are formed.

In the second half of preboreal time, the Ladoga level rose to 18-20m. This was a consequence of the ancestral transgression of the Baltic (Fig. 6) about 9200 years ago, which led to the impounding of the runoff from Ladoga and, as a result, to a rise in the water level in the lake (Fig. 7). During the maximum of the Ancylus transgression, the southern shallow waters of Lake Ladoga were flooded up to modern isobaths of about 20 m (Fig. 6).

Rice. 6. Ancylus stage of the Baltic Sea during the maximum transgression associated with the closure of the straits in Central Sweden due to the isostatic uplift of the territories freed from under the ice 22 .
Rice. 7. Reconstruction of changes in the levels of Lake Ladoga and the Baltic Sea in the late and postglacial periods.

About 9500/9000 years ago, approximately at the turn of the preboreal and boreal, lacustrine deposits - silts - began to accumulate in the basin of Lake Ladoga (Fig. 4). Due to the fact that the water area of ​​the lake was repeatedly reduced in the Holocene, the complete and thickest sections of silt deposits are observed in the northern deep-water region. In the process of sedimentation, the role of organic matter of autochthonous origin increases. Silts show an increase in the content of organic matter compared to clays.

At the turn of the preboreal and boreal about 9,000 years ago, the level of Ladoga again decreases due to the regression of the Baltic to levels below the present position, which is recorded according to the study of bottom sediments in the shallow southern part of the lake 8 .

The separation of Ladoga and Baltic takes place, the Heiniok Strait dries up, and many lakes of the Karelian Isthmus are isolated, in which organogenic silts are formed, and peat bogs are formed in the mouths of the rivers. According to different authors, the radiocarbon age of peatlands is 7870 ± 110 years in the Pitkyaranta region, 7970 ± 260 and 7960 ± 230 years at the mouth of the Oyat River, 7110 ± 170 years on the Vyun River, and 6900 ± 70 years on the Olonka River 9 .

The runoff from Ladoga at that time was directed through the channel system of the Vuoksa lake-river system to the Vyborg Bay, and the threshold of the runoff from Ladoga was in the area of ​​the modern village of Veshchevo (Finnish name for Heinioki) at an altitude of 15.4 m above sea level.

The most interesting and controversial period in the history of Ladoga is the period of the last 5000 years. This stage, which received the name "Ladoga transgression" in the literature, corresponds to the interval of 5000-3000 years ago (Fig. 8). The reasons for this transgression are interpreted ambiguously. M. Saarnisto 10 main reason seen in the advanced isostatic uplift of the earth's crust on the northern coast of the Gulf of Finland and the Baltic, as a result of which the flow of water from the Saimaa lake system to the Gulf of Finland stopped.

As a result of the skew, a new runoff threshold arose through the marginal ridge of the Salpausselkä-I moraine near the city of Imatra into the system of the river. Vuoksa, which at that time flowed from Ladoga to the Baltic. The waters of the largest Saimaa lake system in Finland, which is dammed by Salpausselkä moraine ridges, according to M. Saarnisto, broke into Ladoga, sharply increasing the incoming part of the lake's water balance.

According to A. V. Shnitnikov 11 , the development of the Ladoga transgression was due to another centuries-old rhythm of fluctuations in total moisture content, which was widely manifested in this period of the Holocene and could lead to an outburst of water from Lake Baikal. Saimaa and to a significant increase in runoff to Ladoga from a vast drainage basin. Apparently, during this period, the effect of several factors, endogenous and exogenous, contributed to significant transformations of the hydrographic network of the basin and the water balance of Ladoga.

The result of the development of the Ladoga transgression, as is commonly believed, was the overflow of Ladoga through the Mginsko-Tosnensky watershed and the formation of the Neva River. Most researchers, starting with G. de Geer, J. Ailio, E. Hyppä, who were later referred to by D. D. Kvasov 14, believed that the Neva channel between Ladoga and the Baltic was formed mainly as a result of the glacioisostatic uplift of the northern Ladoga region and the distortion of the Ladoga basin , as a result of which the waters of the lake flooded its southern part and intruded into the valley of the river. pra-Mga, flowing into Ladoga.

They reached the height of the Mginsko-Tosnensky watershed, represented by a ridge (about 18 m) composed of moraine loam, eroded it and carried out the descent of the waters of Ladoga along the valley of the river. Pratosna, which previously flowed into the Gulf of Finland. At the same time, the lower parts of the valleys were widened and deepened by the runoff from Ladoga (Fig. 8).

Rice. 8. Map showing the modern outlines of Lake Ladoga (oblique shading (2)) and during the maximum of the Ladoga transgression (black color (1)) before the outburst of the river. Not you.

The time of the maximum of the Ladoga transgression and the beginning of the formation of the Neva River have different dates for different authors. Yu. Aylio 15 and S. A. Yakovlev 16 believed that the Neva arose in the period 4500-4000 years ago. Later, K. K. Markov et al. 17 pointed to the short duration of the Ladoga transgression, which fit within a part of the Subboreal period. O. M. Znamenskaya et al. 18 dated it 2000 years ago, and D. D. Kvasov 19 considered it in the interval 2300-1200 years ago. According to M. Saarnisto and T. Grönlund 20 p. The Neva appeared about 3100 years ago.

D. B. Malakhovskii et al. 21 present new conclusions about the time of the Ladoga transgression and the formation of the Neva River, which are refined by the dating of uneven-aged terraces and the roof of peat bogs underlying the transgression sediments in the Nevsky Forest Park section (3000–2800 years ago) and overlapping them in the section "Nevsky Piglet" (2400 years ago).

Thus, based on these data, in a short period of time, about 400 years, the level of Ladoga dropped from 18 m to 5-6 m, which is quite realistic, given that the southern watershed of the lake was composed of loose sedimentary rocks, while the northern one - Heinioksky - is crystalline.

With the isostatic uplift of the northern part of the Karelian Isthmus, the Heiniok Strait dried up and swamped, as a system of lake-river channels on the line Priozersk - Veshchevo - Vyborg. During the regression of Lake Antsylovoe and the continuing uplift and skew of the northern part of the Ladoga Basin, the level of Ladoga and Baltica became equal.

It was at this time that a new runoff from the north broke through from the Saimaa system of lakes and its bifurcation arose. Part of this runoff went along the old hollow of the Heinioka Strait to the Priozersky Bay, and part of the runoff continued to the Baltic. A large volume of traction sediments ran along the western shore of Ladoga and contributed to blocking the runoff from Ladoga along the hollow of Sukhodolskoye Lake (former Lake Suvanto).

The powerful sandy coastal ridges of subboreal time studied by us, more than 17 meters high, adjacent to glacial deposits (an ancient lake stretching from north to south almost from Priozersk to Pyatirechye), are recorded along the western coast of Ladoga. They were broken by a water stream in 1818. in the area of ​​the modern mouth of the river. Burnoy (Taipole Bay).

It should be emphasized that the proposed blocking of the runoff from Ladoga could only occur as a result of block movements on the Karelian Isthmus, which were combined in time, caused by the activation of isostatic rises in the northern Ladoga region, an increase in moisture, and a change in the direction of runoff from the Saimaa system. The relative subsidence of the southern part of the basin could lead to a breakthrough of water from Ladoga and the formation of the river. Neva (or a significant increase in runoff along the channel of the great-Neva, if it existed before these events, i.e. there was a bifurcation of runoff from Ladoga).

The Burnaya River was formed as a result of a sudden breakthrough of the waters of the lake. Suvanto (Sukhodolsky) through a man-made canal and its descent to Ladoga only in May 1818. Lake level Suvanto dropped by 11m, and its bottom was exposed on an area of ​​more than 5000ha. The channel flowing from it to the west into the river. Vuoksu, completely dried up, a rocky isthmus formed in its place. From that time on, R. Vuoksa flowed back and began to flow into Ladoga, and numerous lakes of the Karelian Isthmus sharply lowered their level and became shallow.

This happened as a result of lowering the lake level by 10-11m. Suvanto and other local erosion bases in the Vuoksa basin. Significant changes were also caused by a further artificial increase in flow in the section of the river. Vuoksa - lake. Suvanto in 1857 and the formation of the Losevskaya duct. This event 119 also affected the entire hydrographic network of the Karelian Isthmus and led to a corresponding restructuring in the structure of its landscapes.

Numerous lakes of the Karelian Isthmus have sharply lowered their level, shallowed and significantly reduced the size of their water areas as a result of a decrease in local erosion bases in the basin of the river. Vuoksa. Comparison of the areas of the largest lakes on the maps of the Karelian Isthmus early XIX century and in 1983, reduced to the same scale, showed that, for example, the area of ​​Lake. Sukhodolsky decreased by 32.4%, lake. Balakhanovskoye - by 59.5%, lake. Cancer - by 88.6%, dozens of small lakes have completely disappeared.

Literature:
1 . Kvasov, D. D. History of Ladoga, Onega, Pskov-Peipsi Lakes, Baikal and Khanka / D. D. Kvasov, G. G. Martinson, A. V. Raukas (eds.). - L., 1990. - 280 p.; The evolution of natural settings and state of the art Geosystems of Lake Ladoga: Sat. scientific tr. / Ed. N. N. Davydova, B. I. Koshechkina. - St. Petersburg, 1993. - 118 p.; Kvasov, D. D. Late Quaternary history of large lakes and inland seas of Eastern Europe. - L., 1975. - 278 p.; Davydova, N. New data on Late Pleistocene and Holocene history of Lake Ladoga / N. Davydova, V. Khomutova, M. Pushenko, D. Subetto // Report on Lake Ladoga Research in 1991-1993. Joensuu. 1994. - No. 111. - P. 137-143; Subetto, D. Contribution to the lithostratigraphy and history of Lake Ladoga / D. Subetto, N. Davydova, A. Rybalko // Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology. Palaeoecology. - 1998. - No. 140. - P. 113-119; The First International Lake Ladoga Symposium // Hydrobiology. - 1996. - Vol. 322. - 328 p.
2 . Davydova, N. N. Late Pleistocene history of Lake Ladoga // History of the Pleistocene lakes of the East European Plain / V. I. Khomutova, N. N. Davydova, A. V. Raukas, V. A. Rumyantsev (ed.). - SPb., 1998, - S. 134-140; Kvasov, D. D. Late Quaternary history of large lakes and inland seas of Eastern Europe. - L., 1975. -278 p.; Subetto, D., Davydova N., Rybalko A. Contribution to the lithostratigraphy and history of Lake Ladoga / D. Subetto, N. Davydova, A. Rybalko // Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology. Palaeoecology. - 1998. - No. 140. - P. 113-119.
3
4 . Subetto, D. A., general characteristics bottom sediments. Lake Ladoga / D. A. Subetto, A. E. Rybalko, M. A. Spiridonov // History of Lake Ladoga, Onega, Pskov-Peipsi, Baikal and Khanka / D. D. Kvasov, G. G. Martinson, A. V. Raukas (ed.). - L., 1990. - S. 35-42.
5 . Sevastyanov, D.V., Subetto, D.A., Arslanov, Kh.A., et al., Izv. Russian Geographical Society. T. 128, no. 5. - 1996. - S. 36-47; Sevastyanov, D.V., Subetto, D.A., Sikatskaya, E.D., and Stepochkina, O.E., Peculiarities of evolution of the lake-river network in the basin of Lake Ladoga in the Holocene // Bulletin of St. Petersburg State University Ser. 7, no. 1 (No. 7). -2001. - S. 88-100; Subetto, D. A., Davydova N. N., Wolfart B., Arslanov H. A. Subetto D.A., Davydova N.N., Volfart B., Arslanov H.A. Litho-, bio- and chronostratigraphy of lacustrine deposits of the Karelian Isthmus at the Late Pleistocene-Holocene boundary // Izvestiya RGS. T. 131, no. 5. - 1999. - S. 56-69; Subetto, D. A. Structure, features and history of the formation of bottom sediments // Lake Ladoga: past, present, future / V. G. Drabkova, V. A. Rumyantsev (ed.). - St. Petersburg, 2002. - S. 122-136.
6 . Sevastyanov, D.V., Subetto, D.A., Sikatskaya, E.D., and Stepochkina, O.E., Peculiarities of evolution of the lake-river network in the basin of Lake Ladoga in the Holocene // Bulletin of St. Petersburg State University Ser. 7, no. 1 (No. 7). - 2001. - S. 88-100; Subetto, D. A. Structure, features and history of the formation of bottom sediments // Lake Ladoga: past, present, future / V. G. Drabkova, V. A. Rumyantsev (ed.). - St. Petersburg, 2002. - S. 122-136.
7
8 . Kvasov, D. D. History of Ladoga, Onega, Pskov-Peipsi Lakes, Baikal and Khanka / D. D. Kvasov, G. G. Martinson, A. V. Raukas (eds.). - L., 1990. - 280 p.; Subetto, D. A., Davydova N. N., Wolfart B., Arslanov H. A. Subetto D.A., Davydova N.N., Volfart B., Arslanov H.A. Litho-, bio- and chronostratigraphy of lacustrine deposits of the Karelian Isthmus at the Late Pleistocene-Holocene boundary // Izvestiya RGS. T. 131, no. 5. - 1999. - S. 56-69; Subetto, D., Davydova N., Rybalko A. Contribution to the lithostratigraphy and history of Lake Ladoga / D. Subetto, N. Davydova, A. Rybalko // Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology. Palaeoecology. - 1998. - No. 140. - P. 113-119.
9 . Abramova, S.A., Davydova N.N., Kvasov D.D. History of Lake Ladoga in the Holocene according to spore-pollen and diatom analyses. History of lakes of the North-West. / Rev. ed. S. V. Kalesnik. - L., 1967. - S. 113-132. Koshechkin, B. I. Holocene transgressions of Lake Ladoga / B. I. Koshechkin, I. M. Ekman // Evolution of natural conditions and the current state of the geosystem of Lake Ladoga / Ed. N. N. Davydova, B. I. Koshechkina. - St. Petersburg, 1993. - S. 49-60; Subetto, D. A., Davydova N. N., Wolfart B., Arslanov H. A. Subetto D.A., Davydova N.N., Volfart B., Arslanov H.A. Litho-, bio- and chronostratigraphy of lacustrine deposits of the Karelian Isthmus at the Late Pleistocene-Holocene boundary // Izvestiya RGS. T. 131, no. 5. - 1999. - S. 56-69
10 . Saarnisto, M. The Late Weichelian and Flandrian history of the Saimaa lake complex. -Helsinki, 1970. - 108 p.
11 . Shnitnikov, A. V. Variability of the total moisture content of the continents of the Northern Hemisphere. - M.; L., 1957. - 337 p. Shnitnikov, A. V. Intra-secular variability of the components of total moisture content. - L., 1969.
12 . Subetto, D. A. Structure, features and history of the formation of bottom sediments // Lake Ladoga: past, present, future / V. G. Drabkova, V. A. Rumyantsev (ed.). - St. Petersburg, 2002. - S. 122-136.
13 . Bjorck, S. A review of the history of the Baltic Sea, 13.0-8.0 ka BP // Quaternary International. - Vol. 27. - 1994. - P. 19-40.
14
15 . Ailio, J. Die geographikche Entwicklung des Ladogasees // Fennia. - 1915. - Bd. 8, No. 3. -157 p.
16 . Yakovlev, S. A. Deposits and relief of Leningrad and its environs. - L., 1925. Part 1. -186 p.; 1926. Part 2. - 264 p.
17 . Markov, K. K., Poretsky V.S., Shlyamina V.E. On fluctuations in the levels of Ladoga and Onega lakes in the post-glacial period / K. K. Markov, V. S. Poretsky, V. E. Shlyamina // Tr. Committee by studied. quarter period. - 1934. - T. 4. Issue. one.
18 . Znamenskaya, O. M., Sokolova V. B., Khomutova V. I. Comparative analysis of paleogeographic conditions for the development of the southern and western shores of Lake Ladoga / O. M. Znamenskaya, V. B. Sokolova, V. I. Khomutova // History of Lakes. - Vilnius, 1970. - S. 319-331.
19 . Kvasov, D. D. Late Quaternary history of large lakes and inland seas of Eastern Europe. - L., 1975. - 278 p.
20 . Saarnisto, M. Shoreline displacement of Lake Ladoga - new data from Kilpolansaari / M. Saarnisto, T. Grönlund // Hydrobiologia. - 322. - 1996. - P. 205-215.
21 . Malakhovskii, D. B. New data on the Holocene history of Lake Ladoga / D. B. Malakhovskii, Kh. A. Arslanov, N. A. Gei et al. // Evolution of natural settings and the current state of the geosystem of Lake Ladoga / Ed. N. N. Davydova, B. I. Koshechkina. - SPb., 1993. - S. 61-73.
22 . Bjorck, S. A review of the history of the Baltic Sea, 13.0-8.0 ka BP // Quaternary International. - Vol. 27. - 1994. - P. 19-40.

Feb 03, 2014

To download, click on the title of the place, the download will start automatically.

Ladoga lake

Map scale 1:250000, color, in Russian. Depths in meters are given to the average long-term level of the lake. The map was made in 1988. The map is loaded automatically when you click on the title.

Lake Ladoga, eastern shore, approaches to the mouth of the Olonka River

Lake Ladoga, eastern shore, from the Svir Bay to the Vidlitsa River

Map scale 1:10000, color, in Russian. The map includes enlarged Andrusovskaya Bay on a scale of 1:30,000. Depths in meters are given to the average long-term level of the lake. Coordinate system 1942. The map was compiled in 1993. The map is loaded automatically when you click on the title.

Lake Ladoga, southern part of the Svir Bay

Map scale 1:25000, color, in Russian. The map includes an enlarged approach to the south of Torpakov Island on a scale of 1:10000. Depths in meters are given to the average long-term level of the lake. Coordinate system 1942. The map was compiled in 1994. The map is loaded automatically when you click on the title.

Lake Ladoga, eastern shore, the mouth of the Vidlitsa River

Map scale 1:10000, color, in Russian. Depths in meters are given to the average long-term level of the lake. Coordinate system 1942. The map was compiled in 1991. The map is loaded automatically when you click on the title.

Lake Ladoga, northern shore, approaches to Sortavala

Map scale 1:30000, color, in Russian. Depths in meters are given to the average long-term level of the lake. Coordinate system 1942. The map was compiled in 1993. The map is loaded automatically when you click on the title.

Lake Ladoga, northern shore, Lekhmalahti bay with approaches

Lake Ladoga, northwestern shore, from the city of Sortavala to the city of Priozersk

Map scale 1:100000, color, in Russian. The map includes an enlarged Maly Nikonovsky Bay on a scale of 1:10000; Monastyrskaya Bay on a scale of 1:10,000; the mouth of the Vuoksa River at a scale of 1:10000. Depths in meters are given to the average long-term level of the lake. Coordinate system 1942. The map was compiled in 1993. The map is loaded automatically when you click on the title.

Lake Ladoga, northwestern shore, from the Khaikansalmi Strait to Rahmansari Island

Map scale 1:25000, color, in Russian. Depths in meters are given to the average long-term level of the lake. Coordinate system 1942. The map was compiled in 1991. The map is loaded automatically when you click on the title.

Lake Ladoga, northwestern shore, Naismeri Bay

Map scale 1:10000, color, in Russian. Depths in meters are given to the average long-term level of the lake. Coordinate system 1942. The map was compiled in 1993. The map is loaded automatically when you click on the title.

“We live in the most beautiful country in the world, and all other countries envy us!” - I am ready to subscribe to every word. And it’s not even that “we shoed a flea and pierced a caterpillar”, but that so many natural and man-made miracles are concentrated in Mother Russia that you constantly feel a sense of pride in your homeland, and this makes you feel so good at heart !

We have everything the very best: the deepest lake in the world (Baikal), the most extensive forests (Siberian taiga), the coldest settlement on Earth (Oymyakon), the largest Orthodox church located in Moscow (Temple of Christ the Savior)… We have a lot of things, the list is endless.

Now I want to tell you about one more “most”, about the largest lake in Europe - Ladoga. In length - more than two hundred kilometers, in width - 125 kilometers! When you stand on its shore, it seems that this is not a lake, this is the SEA! Ladoga, of course, is a national treasure not only for its impressive size, but also thanks to its clean water, unique flora and fauna, rich history ... Well, I will try to embrace the immensity and briefly tell you all the most interesting and useful that I know about this miracle nature.

How to get there

Lake Ladoga occupies a vast territory and is located in two constituent entities of the Russian Federation at once - the Leningrad Region (western, southern shores) and the Republic of Karelia (northern, eastern shores).

The choice of the preferred mode of transport directly depends on which shore of Lake Ladoga you are trying to get to. In principle, it can be reached by plane, train, bus, ferry, and, of course, by private car.

By plane

To St. Petersburg

The closest airport to Lake Ladoga is Pulkovo Airport, located in St. Petersburg. The distance from it to the southwestern shore of Ladoga in the most optimal way (by car) is 55 kilometers. Pulkovo is the largest air transport hub in the North-West region, which daily receives flights from many settlements in Russia and from abroad. Finding the best route from your city, I think, is not difficult. The official website of the St. Petersburg airport and other Internet resources will help you. For example, you can monitor ticket prices.

You can rent a car right in the arrivals hall (Avis, Europcar, Sixt). The price for renting an economy class car (eg Hyundai Solaris) for one day is about 2000 rubles; The longer the rental period, the more acceptable the final cost. Compare prices from different distributors.

If you are planning to continue traveling by public transport, now is the time to decide how you intend to get to your final destination on Lake Ladoga - by rail or by bus. In the first case, you need to get, no, not to Ladoga, but to the Finland Station (popularly known as Finban), in the second - to the Obvodny Canal bus station or the Northern Bus Station.

How to get from the airport

So, how is it possible for a tourist to leave the airport? There are two acceptable options:

• by taxi. Just do not try to hire a driver from among those who offer their services at the exit of the terminal! They usually charge three times the citywide price. Just call the taxi service by phone (for example, "Lucky", "Taxovichkoff", "068"). The delivery time of the machine is no more than 15 minutes; transfer cost to Finban ~ 850 rubles, to the bus station on the Obvodny Canal ~ 600 rubles, to the Northern bus station ~ 1100 rubles;
• bus + subway. Buses (No. 39, No. 39A) and minibuses (No. 39K) run regularly from the airport building to the Moskovskaya metro station. Travel time is 15 - 30 minutes, depending on the traffic situation, the fare is 40 rubles. In order to get to the railway station you need to get to the metro station "Lenin Square" (transfer to the station "Technological Institute"), the bus station is within a 5-minute walk from the metro station "Obvodny Kanal" (transfer to the station. "Sennaya Square"), the Northern Bus Station - near the metro station "Devyatkino" (transfer to the station "Technological Institute"). I place for your convenience a map of the St. Petersburg metro. On it there is a mark of the beginning of the route - st. m. Moskovskaya (red star), markers of the final stops: Finland Station - yellow rectangle, bus station - light green, Northern bus station - purple.

To Petrozavodsk

Alternative airports "in the vicinity" of Lake Ladoga:

• Airport "Besovets". The distance to the eastern shore of Ladoga (Pitkyaranta) is approximately 190 km. Keep in mind that it has air traffic only with Moscow. Flights are operated by RusLine five days a week. Travel time is about 2 hours, for a round-trip ticket you will have to pay approximately 8,000 rubles. Read about how to get from the airport to the city center. It is better to get to the coast of Lake Ladoga (the cities of Lahdenpokhya, Sortavala, Pitkyaranta, Syasstroy) by bus from the local bus station. For example - to Sortavala the travel time will be about 4 hours, the ticket price is 550 - 600 rubles; it takes longer to get to Syasstroy - about 5 hours, the ticket price starts from 650 rubles.

By train

From St. Petersburg

From Finland Station(metro station "Ploshchad Lenina") commuter trains run regularly to Priozersk (northern direction) and Shlisselburg (southeast, east direction). There are more flights in summer, less in winter. You can see the current timetable on the Russian Railways website. For clarity, I post a print-screen map. On it, colored markers show the nearest railway stations to the coast of Lake Ladoga.

• crimson color marked Priozersk (fare ~ 350 rubles), standing on the river Vuoksa. The shore of the lake is located no more than 5 kilometers from the city center. From the Priozersk bus station (Vyborgskaya st., 31) you can go to smaller settlements on Ladoga.
• orange marker- railway station Ladoga Lake (fare ~ 130 rubles). From the station to the beach, walk no more than one kilometer.
• purple marker- railway station Petrokrepost (~ 120 rubles), located in the village of them. Morozov. The distance to the coast of Ladoga is 500 meters.

From Ladoga railway station(metro station "Ladozhskaya") twice a week (Wednesday, Friday) runs train No. 350A, following the route - Kostomuksha. He makes stops in Priozersk and Sortavala. The train arrives in Priozersk 2 hours after departure from St. Petersburg, in Sortavala - in 5.5 hours. Please note that the cost of tickets to Priozersk will be higher than for a commuter train - about 450 rubles one way; a ticket to Sortavala will cost not much more than to Priozersk, about 550 rubles.

From Moscow, from other cities

I advise you not to invent a bicycle, but to get from Moscow (by train, plane, bus) to St. Petersburg, and from here start to your final destination. You will not find convenient direct trains or electric trains going straight to Lake Ladoga from Moscow or any other major Russian cities.

By bus

From St. Petersburg

Bus station on Obvodny Canal(Obvodny Kanal metro station) offers tourists daily flights to Novaya Ladoga (No. 847), Syasstroy (No. 862) and Pitkyaranta (No. 963). All these settlements are located in close proximity to the shore of Lake Ladoga. To Novaya Ladoga, a bus ticket will cost about 300 rubles, travel time - 3.5 hours; to Syasstroy - from 350 rubles, travel time - 2.5 hours; to Pitkyaranta - about 900 rubles, to get there in time - at least 7.5 hours. The bus to Pitkyaranta also makes stops in other settlements with access to Lake Ladoga. You can easily buy a ticket to the villages of Vidlitsa or Salmi. Kill two birds with one stone - save a little and end up in a sparsely populated area (relevant for those who are going to relax "savage").

North Bus Station(metro station "Devyatkino"). Tickets to Syasstroy (350 rubles) and Priozersk (250 rubles) are sold here. Tickets can be bought either at the box office of bus stations or on the Internet.

From Petrozavodsk

Petrozavodsk bus station(Chapaev St., 3) offers a large number of inter-republican routes to Sortavala, Lahdenpokhya, Pitkyaranta. More interesting direction- northern (to Sortavala). The cost of a ticket Sortavala - Petrozavodsk (4 hours on the way) is ~ 600 rubles. It is possible to get off this flight earlier, in such picturesque places as Rautalahti or Karjavalahti (the village is not marked on the map, but there is a bus stop!). journey 3.5 hours). The current schedule can be seen on the website of the Petrozavodsk bus station.

From Moscow, from other cities

As in the case of rail transport, I strongly advise you to first get to St. Petersburg or Petrozavodsk in any convenient way, and from there take a bus following the routes I have suggested above.

By car

The most-most-most convenient way to get from St. Petersburg and Moscow to Lake Ladoga! With a private car, it is possible to get to almost any place on the coastline without thinking about tickets, their cost and availability, time for transfers ... You can take a bunch of things with you; this is especially true for campers and outdoor enthusiasts.

From St. Petersburg there are two main highways encircling Ladoga - one goes along its western, northern coasts (A-121 "Sortavala"), the other - along the south and then turns to Petrozavodsk (R-21 "Kola"). These routes meet each other in the area of ​​the Karelian village of Pryazha, located not far from Petrozavodsk. You can get to the east coast (road 86K-8) both from the R-21 highway after the city of Olonets, and from the A-121 road, turning south from it near the Leppyasilta settlement. Which path you prefer depends on the final point of your journey. Theoretically, to get to the southern and eastern coasts, it is better to use the Kola highway, to the northern and western coasts - the Sortavala highway. Or maybe you just want to ride around Ladoga? Then the "problem of choice" disappears by itself.

From Moscow, of course, to go longer, at least longer by 700 kilometers. If you want to get to the western or northern shores of Ladoga, feel free to follow the M-10 highway to St. Petersburg, and go along the St. Petersburg Ring Road to the Sortavala highway. If you planned to find yourself on the southern or eastern shores, then from the M-10 highway after the settlement of Chudovo you need to turn right onto and Volkhov. In the end, this road will take you to the Kola highway and further to Lake Ladoga. Another alternative route from Moscow to the eastern coast of Lake Ladoga is the A-114 road passing through Kalyazin, Pikalevo,. But, I warn you, the quality of the road surface and the roadside infrastructure of the A-114 road lose to the same indicators of the M-10 federal highway. In the “worst” case, you will have to spend about 13 hours on the road, for example, if you are traveling from Moscow to Sortavala or Pitkyaranta ( ~1000 km). However, I do not advise you to stop on the road for the night. This distance can easily be overcome in one day, and even with small children, it has been tested on itself.

It would not be superfluous to immediately draw up a road estimate (for a traveler-motorist from Moscow):

• payment for gasoline (at the rate of 2000 km in both directions) - about 8000 rubles;
• travel on the M11 toll road - from 1000 to 1500 rubles, depending on the time of day (round trip);
• snacks in roadside cafes - at least 300 rubles per person;
• a hotel room - at least 1,500 rubles for double occupancy (if you decide to stay overnight on the way).

The total is about 15,000 rubles. Of course, you can optimize costs by removing all items from the list, except for the purchase of fuel - then our estimate will be reduced by exactly half!

By ferry

From St. Petersburg

Since the beginning of May, numerous travel companies have been offering great amount water cruises on Lake Ladoga. You can easily choose a route to your liking, for example, "St. Petersburg - Valaam - St. Petersburg" (for 3 days, price from 8000 rubles), "St. Petersburg - Valaam - Konevets - St. Petersburg" (for 4 days, prices from 11 thousand rubles), extended "St. Petersburg - Valaam - Sortavala - Pellotsari - Konevets - St. Petersburg" (for 5 days, prices from 19 thousand rubles). And so on and so forth. These cruises are countless, they are all different in price, content, and duration.

Motor ships start from the River Station of St. Petersburg (195 Obukhovskaya Oborona Ave.) and arrive there as well. Unfortunately, public budget river transport to the islands does not currently exist. If you want to swim to any island in Lake Ladoga from northern capital, you will have to buy a ticket to a river cruise, but this, as you probably noticed, is not a cheap pleasure.

From Moscow

It is also easy to swim to the islands of Lake Ladoga, as well as from St. Petersburg - you just need to buy a ticket for the ship. All river vessels to Ladoga depart from the Northern River Station (River Station metro station). Interesting cruises, in my opinion, "Moscow - - - Peplotsari - Sortavala - Valaam - St. Petersburg" (duration - 9 days, cost - 42,000 rubles) or "Moscow - - Peplotsari - Sortavala - Moscow" (for 12 days , cost from 64,000 rubles) ... In general, the offer of cruises is truly impressive, apparently, and the demand for them is quite high, despite their fabulous cost.

Clue:

Lake Ladoga - the time is now

Hour difference:

Moscow 0

Kazan 0

Samara 1

Yekaterinburg 2

Novosibirsk 4

Vladivostok 7

When is the season. When is the best time to go

You probably already guessed that the most season on Lake Ladoga is, of course, summer. The climate here is not very pleasant - humid, cloudy, windy - and even in summer, during your holiday on the coast, there will probably not be a single sunny day. But this is the saddest one. Statistics say that on average there are about 60 sunny days a year on Ladoga, of course, the lion's share of them falls in the summer, when the southern anticyclone enters the lake area, and in the winter, during the dominance of the Arctic anticyclone. Spring and autumn are usually very rainy and windy, especially in autumn when the storm season begins.

The northern and eastern coasts of Ladoga (Lakhdenpokhsky, Pitkyarantsky, Olonets districts and the city of Sortavala of the Republic of Karelia) are equated to districts Far North. I can’t say that the climate here is very harsh compared to, for example, St. Petersburg, but the average annual temperature is clearly lower by a couple of degrees.

Lake Ladoga in summer

As I said, summer is the best choice for visiting Lake Ladoga. At least the positive air temperature will be guaranteed here. It was in the summer that the inhabitants of St. Petersburg and other major cities of our Motherland are chosen on the coast of Lake Ladoga in order to take a break from the city noise and bustle, breathe fresh air, and improve their health. It is still quite cool in June, it is better to choose July-August for a trip, when the average monthly air temperature still exceeds 20 degrees Celsius. True, it is not a fact that you will be able to swim, because the water in Ladoga only in rare years warms up to more than 21 degrees, and even then, such a temperature is relevant only for the southern shallow areas, on the northern coast, where the depths are much greater, only "walruses".

Lake Ladoga in autumn

Navigation on Lake Ladoga is closed in October, and this is no coincidence. It is in early October that the strongest storms rage on Ladoga. The weather is disgusting - cold, damp, overcast, plus fog and gusty winds. If you already go to Lake Ladoga in the fall, then only in September, preferably at the beginning of the month. There are lovely quiet days here in early autumn, when inveterate lovers can enjoy good fishing in the calm, when tourists can still swim to the islands and Konevets, and when "middle managers" can spend their last weekend in nature, frying barbecue and contemplating the local beauties .

Lake Ladoga in spring

March and April are not the best time to plan a trip to the shores of Lake Ladoga. But this is purely my personal opinion. I start from the fact that in March, and even in April, there can be negative temperatures, and if “no”, then there is a high probability of precipitation, fog and gusty winds. The first tourists usually appear in these parts in early May, besides, there is a good reason for this - the long May weekend. Navigation is just opening in May - welcome to Konevets, Peplotsari and other islands. But do not flatter yourself too much - the average monthly temperature in May for the region is 10 degrees Celsius, so you can safely leave sunscreen at home!

Lake Ladoga in winter

In winter, numerous lovers of hunting for perch come out on the ice of Ladoga :). Winter fishing on Ladoga is very, very popular. Unfortunately, due to the unstable temperature (sometimes wild cold, sometimes thaw), sad cases often happen on the ice of Lake Ladoga. People, be careful and extremely careful, no "octagon" is worth a human life! In addition to fishing, people are engaged in various "activities" in winter, for example, skiing, skating, snowkiting ... The average temperature throughout the world is -8.8 degrees Celsius.

conditional areas. Descriptions and Features

The nature of Lake Ladoga is beautiful, amazing and, by the way, quite heterogeneous.

• north coast Ladogi from Priozersk to Pitkyaranta is a rocky skerry area with fjords and numerous small islands. It is very beautiful and romantic here. Natural landscapes immediately resemble Finland, Norway, and Sweden combined. It is impossible not to fall in love with this rugged northern beauty; and those who have visited Northern Ladoga at least once will definitely want to come back here again. And again. And again. There are plenty of housing options here. Basically, these are guest houses and cottages. Where there is demand, there is supply. Recently, especially "thanks" to the economic crisis, more and more Russians choose to rest in their homeland. Northern Ladoga is an ideal option in this regard - service and views, like abroad, but you still pay for your vacation with our “wooden”. The flow of tourists to this area is now consistently high, so you need to try to find a decent one in terms of living conditions but affordable housing. Some make it easier - they come here in the summer with tents. If you have your own boat, you can sail to any micro island, set up your camp and feel like a real oligarch, at least for the weekend!

• South coast, in contrast to the North, low, swampy, slightly indented. From interesting places I can name - the fortress "Oreshek" at the mouth of the Neva River, the cities of Novaya and Staraya Ladoga. Actually, all hotels and hotels are concentrated around these attractions. The reason for the poorly developed infrastructure, in my opinion, is the fact that the entire southern coast of Ladoga is surrounded by the Staroladoga and Novoladozhsky canals. They have a high daily throughput and, probably, partly interfere with the development tourism business due to the fact that they separate the shore of the lake from the "mainland". However, there are a couple of decent guest houses here too. They say that on the south coast it “pecks” better, that here is a “paradise for a fisherman”. And the water temperature is higher here, so you can even swim in summer!

• West Bank also slightly indented and densely overgrown with shrubs and forests, approaching directly to the water's edge. It is difficult to find a decent place for a secluded parking lot here. Very popular, as they are located not far from St. Petersburg, are the beaches in the village of Kokkorevo and the village of Lake Ladoga. There are a couple of spa hotels and guest houses nearby that look pretty decent. But further north - "golyak" up to Priozersk.

• East coast, probably the least popular with tourists, no, not because it is “worse”, but because it is further away. Few people from St. Petersburg want to spend five hours on the road one way to fry a barbecue, and the next day go home again for five hours, so as not to be late for work on Monday. But everything changes dramatically if you are planning not a vacation for the weekend, but a full vacation. Then - welcome to the east coast with its wide sandy beaches, clear water and the complete absence of people. After the Nizhne-Svirsky and Olonets reserves, that part of the eastern coast begins, which the traveler needs to get to. You can choose to stay in a guest house, or a hotel, or rent a house from a private owner (this is true not only for the east coast).

Below I place a map of hotels / hotels / guest houses of Ladoga. Pink rectangle - north coast; purple is not a rectangle - the south coast with a meager selection; red - the west coast with an even less rich choice of housing; yellow - east. Prices for accommodation and entertainment will be discussed in the next section.

What are the prices for holidays

Accommodation prices range from 1,500 rubles per night to infinity (well, let's say 20,000 rubles in a club spa hotel). This is for the double room. If you come with a large company and rent a house, then most likely it will be quite budgetary - the same 1000 - 1500 rubles per person, but living conditions will be much more comfortable. The house, as a rule, has its own kitchen (so you can cook yourself and not spend money on a restaurant), a barbecue or a barbecue on the street. Double rooms hardly have a cooking area, a fridge and a kettle at most.

You can save money by carefully “monitoring” coupon sites. Discounts for accommodation in some hotels sometimes reach 50%! If you are planning a long vacation on the shores of Lake Ladoga, then you can think about renting a country house - a summer residence. Good options will cost from 30,000 rubles per month of residence, bargaining is appropriate.

In restaurants at hotels, prices can vary without succumbing to any laws of logic. It can be cheap and tasty, or maybe vice versa. But on average, you expect the following prices: breakfast 150/300 rubles, lunch 250/500 rubles, dinner 250/600 rubles.

Another item of expenditure is the rental of sports equipment. The cost of renting a rowboat is approx. 1500 rubles / day, boats with a motor - approx. 2500 rubles/day, bicycle - from 200 rubles/day, quad bike - from 2000 rubles/hour, snowmobile - from 1500 rubles/hour; negotiated price for hunting, fishing, excursions to the islands.

Main attractions. What to watch

The main attraction of Ladoga is undoubtedly its amazing nature! No matter how many times you come to Ladoga, it does not matter, you will never be able to look at its harsh northern landscapes with indifference. This incredible symbiosis - pines, rocks, mosses, coastal wave, distant horizon ... They act magically - they calm the mind, help to tune in to a philosophical mood, discard everything empty and even accept important decision. Yes, yes, it is! That is why, my number one in the TOP-5 list.

Top 5

Beaches. Which is better

All the beaches of Lake Ladoga, of course, can not be counted! There are a huge, overwhelming number of them. I'll start my brief review, perhaps, with those that are not far from St. Petersburg:

• beach in the village "Kokkorevo" (on the map number 1). A very popular and crowded place to stay. On a fine day, owners of nearby summer cottages and residents of the eastern districts of St. Petersburg flock here (and residents of the western districts go to the Gulf of Finland to relax). The beach is sandy, without any infrastructure, but surprisingly clean enough, apparently, the proximity of the Cultural Capital plays an important role. This beach is a gathering place for kitesurfers and windsurfers;

• beach in the village "Ladoga Lake" (on the map No. 2). There are a terrible number of people here on a summer weekend, but it is always possible to lay your own towel. The beach is sandy and clean with the necessary infrastructure (changing rooms, toilets, cafes). There is a volleyball net and sports equipment rental. The Museum of the Siege of Leningrad is located 20 meters from the beach strip; the area is dominated by the Osinovetsky lighthouse (one of the highest on Ladoga). The only negative is that the water temperature is not always happy, but this does not stop desperate Petersburgers at all. Come and swim!
• There is an excellent beach not far from the settlement "Vladimirovka" (on the map No. 3). It is located exactly opposite the island of Konevets, and summer yoga festivals are held here. The beach is a long sandy strip with a gentle entry into the water. At the bottom there are quite large boulders and pebbles. But you will surely notice them, because the water is very clean and transparent! The beach is NOT equipped with changing rooms, there is no cafe here, but there are pine trees, sand and sun (sometimes);
• wonderful long sand beach there is not far from the village of Motornoye (on the map No. 4). Almost a twin brother of the beach at number 3. Sand and pines - main advantages this place. The water is definitely cold. Fans of camping often stop here, a fairly safe place. For reference - from St. Petersburg the beach is located at a distance of 150 km;
• Further after Priozersk, the area of ​​skerries begins, infrequently pampering the tourist with warm sand. Among the rocky northern shores of Ladoga, no, no, yes, sandy bays come across, but you have to look for them yourself. I will give the highest rating to the beaches of Koyonsaari Island (on the map number 5), they are magnificent. A minimum of people and no service, but a maximum of nature and silence;

• On the eastern coast, after Pitkyaranta, in the area of ​​​​the village of Karku, an almost continuous sandy strip begins, a kind of eastern "mono-beach". I will especially note the area of ​​​​the village of Vidlitsa (on the map No. 6), it is beautiful and pleasant to relax here, and it’s not so far to go to the grocery store, if anything. Of course, don't count on any service here - only privacy, only hardcore!

After the city of Olonets, swampy areas begin, occupying almost the entire southern coast of Ladoga up to Shlisselburg. To make it easier for you to navigate, I put a map. I want to emphasize that this is my personal set of acceptable places for a beach holiday, I think you understand that you can swim, if you wish, on any stretch of the Ladoga coast.

Churches and temples. Which are worth a visit

Almost every settlement on Lake Ladoga, be it a city, a village or a village, has its own church, and in some there is not even one. It makes no sense to give a list of hundreds of items here, I will limit myself to a few:

Museums. Which are worth a visit

To the above museum sites (Valaam, Konevets, Oreshek fortress, Korela fortress) I will add a few more interesting cultural sights for an inquisitive mind:

• Museum "Road of Life" (settlement "Ladoga Lake"). A large and entertaining museum complex, consisting of outdoor exposition and several thematic pavilions. Here you can see with your own eyes and even touch the original military equipment of those years, examine in detail the personal belongings of the Red Army soldiers, see unique photographs, listen to a “grabbing” tour. The museum is a must visit! Working hours: Wednesday-Sunday from 11-00 to 18-00. The cost of visiting is 200 rubles. for adults, excursion service - 150 rubles, audio guide - 300 rubles.

• Museum of the history of the city of Shlisselburg (Shlisselburg, Factory Island, 2A). The museum is located in a relatively small room so the exposures are constantly changing. The museum seemed interesting to me because here you can book an excursion for a small fee (200 rubles for a group of 5 people) not only in the stationary building of the museum, but throughout Shlisselburg. The museum's senior researcher will guide you through key locations and tell you all about the founding of the city and its history. Opening hours: Monday-Friday from 09-00 to 18-00, Saturday from 10-00 to 17-00, Sunday - day off. The cost of an adult ticket is 30 (!) Rubles.

• Regional Museum of the Northern Ladoga Region (Sortavala, Ladoga Flotilla Embankment, 5). Sortavala is a city with a Finnish rather than a Russian face. You can feel the Scandinavian spirit of this Karelian city in the halls of the museum of the northern Ladoga region. Look at the main local history expositions, go to the halls of temporary exhibitions, visit field trips around the city, the nearest islands. Behind detailed information refer to the site.

parks

In the southeastern part of Lake Ladoga there are two especially important natural objects - the Nizhne-Svirsky State nature reserve and Olonets State Nature Reserve (part of the first). They were created in the 80s to preserve and protect the flora and fauna of the region. First of all, this applies to waterfowl and migratory birds, which in these places have a stop for rest and feeding.

The Nizhne-Svirsky and Olonets nature reserves will be of interest to ornithologists and lovers of virgin nature. But getting into the territory of the reserves is not so easy! You must first send an application addressed to the director, indicating the purpose of the visit, the length of stay, the number of people in the group. When the management makes a positive decision on admission, payment is made (nowhere is it indicated how much, apparently, this is a big secret), and the group is included in the visiting schedule.

What to see in 1 day

Going to Ladoga for one day from afar is somehow ridiculous. We will start from the fact that you are a Petersburger or a guest of the Northern capital, who, tired of the bustle of the city, decided to get out on a "weekend" in nature. Let's say you have a personal car and the weather outside is +25 degrees Celsius. So be it! Then my suggestion:

1. At 10-00 we leave the house / hotel / hostel in the direction of Shlisselburg. In principle, from any district of the city to the mouth of the Neva (where Shlisselburg is located) it takes no more than an hour (without traffic jams).
2. Our path lies in the Oreshek fortress. Hammer on the navigator the address of the pier from which the boats leave for Orekhovy Island - the village of them. Morozova, st. Skvortsova, 76.
3. Suppose that at 11-00 you are already there! We take a boat to the island. We walk, wander, admire, take pictures. You can even make a small halt at the fortress wall. Admire the views of Ladoga, Neva and Shlisselburg. Drink coffee from a thermos, eat a sandwich (which you, of course, brought with you from home).
4. At one o'clock in the afternoon or so, I propose to move towards the beach in the village of Lake Ladoga.
5. On the way, we will stop by to see the Broken Ring monument, which is located in the village of Kokkorevo.
6. About two - we are on the beach. Hooray! The main landmark of the beach is the huge Osinovetsky lighthouse, if you are near it, then you are on the most popular beach of Ladoga.
7. Rest - swim and sunbathe, sunbathe and swim.
8. For those who are hungry, there are a couple of cafes on the beach. Of course, prices here bite a little, but hunger is not an aunt!
9. Those who are not enthusiastic about senseless lying on the beach, or do not like to play, for example, beach volleyball (by the way, there are nets here), you can cultivate it and go to the nearby Museum "Road of Life".
10. I think that before six or seven o'clock in the evening you will already have time to feel all the charm of beach life on Lake Ladoga - it's time to go home.
11. On the way back, buy dried or smoked fish. Yum yum, very tasty. And such delicacies are sold almost everywhere - in stalls on the highway and in rural stores.
12. At eight o'clock in the evening you - contented and happy - are already at home.

neighboring regions

Ruskeala Mountain Park (34 km from Sortavala) - former marble quarries, now - unique in beauty natural object. The main attractions of the park are the "Main" quarry, along with the Italian quarry and the Ruskeala failure. Read more about the place, or on the official website.

nearby islands

Lake Ladoga pleases the tourist with islands - there are about 660 of them (!), And about 500 of them are concentrated in the northern part of Ladoga, the so-called "skerry region". The two most famous islands are Konevets (I wrote about them above). The largest islands of Ladoga are Riekkalansaari (near Sortavala), Mantsinsaari (south of Pitkyaranta), Kilpola (near Kuznechnoye settlement). But some micro islands do not have a name at all, travelers themselves give them names! The island of Pellotsaari is interesting, having the shape of a heart, “the heart of Ladoga”. It has a hiking ecological trail "One day in the life of a taiga island."

Each, even the smallest island, is a unique and inimitable little world. If you go boating through the skerries, you can find the perfect island for your taste!

Food. What to try

One of the main treasures of Ladoga is FISH! There are more than 50 species of fish in the waters of the lake, including salmon, trout, lamprey, whitefish, pike perch, smelt ... Since the waters of the lake are considered quite clean, you can safely eat the Ladoga catch without fear of poisoning with heavy metals or toxic chemicals. In almost every settlement on Lake Ladoga there are shops or stalls where they sell fresh - smoked - dried fish. I advise you not to neglect the alluring aromas, but rather buy, for example, smoked bream, and bring home the freshest tender trout!

They say that on the Murmansk highway, 75 km from St. Petersburg in the village of Yushkovo, there is a wonderful fish market that amazes the city dweller with an assortment and price. What is not here - fresh, and smoked, and salted, and dried, and dried fish and, of course, caviar. The initial cost is overpriced, so bargain. Approximate prices for fish (for 1 piece): trout, whitefish, salmon, hot smoked bream - approx. 300 rubles; the same items, but cold smoked, are more expensive - prices from 350 rubles per unit; dried bream and pike - approx. 200 rubles; dried vendace - from 200 rubles 0.5 kg.

All more or less decent places are located either in cities (Priozersk, Shlisselburg, etc.), or at hotels - hotels. And in the first and second cases, you can choose a restaurant to your taste and budget. It is clear that in large settlements there are European, and Japanese, and Russian taverns, and you can have a bite to eat with a shawarma or a hamburger, but let the seeker find it! I'm talking about the fact that instead of McDonald's or the U Sveta cafe, you can find establishments where they cook freshly caught Ladoga fish, national Karelian dishes (kalaruoka, kalitki). I think that without tasting local "delicacies" the trip will be incomplete!

Very decent places where you can try something from Karelian cuisine:

• restaurants "Dacha Vintera" (in the city),
• Piipun Piha (in ),
• "Ladoga Estate" (in the village of Niemelyankhovi).

The cost of dinner with drinks per person starts from 1000 rubles.

Holidays

In my opinion, the two most significant events on Lake Ladoga are of a sporting nature:

Security. What to watch out for

Beware in Russia is, of course, roads and fools. The road around Lake Ladoga is mostly passable, but there are separate sections of primer on which you can kill the car's suspension or get body paint chipped (as it was with us!). Ride in such areas should be slow, careful, gentle; however, the more nimble guys are trying to overtake you and douse you with a wave of roadside dust. At the entrances to the edge of the lake, you must also be careful - it is quite possible to get stuck in liquid soil, or skid in the sand, or God knows what else! You should always carry a winch and a couple of strong men with you. As for the fools ... My friends and I really like to relax in nature in tents, but this is not always safe, unfortunately. Bad people can take you by surprise - rob you, or even worse ... Therefore, if you go to nature as a "savage", then only big companies, and if together, it is better to stay at recreation centers, or in tent campsites. Another misfortune for a tourist is the weather. If you are boating in "open" water, beware of a sudden change in weather. Such a phenomenon on Ladoga is not uncommon. Strong storms and dangerous waves often occur on the lake, which can overturn any watercraft even with an experienced captain.

Things to do

In summer, of course, sunbathe and swim if the weather permits. Go boating (you can rent a boat at almost any hotel on Lake Ladoga), pack up and go on a hike from point A to point B (first develop a travel route in detail!), In summer and autumn, pick mushrooms and berries that grow here in abundance, fishing is possible in all seasons. This is standard set Ladoga entertainment, and if you want something hotter, try something more extreme (see below).

extreme sports

Souvenirs. What to bring as a gift

It doesn’t occur to me that I would advise you to bring the amazing and unique from Lake Ladoga. Most likely, it depends on the place where you will rest.

For example, from the islands of Valaam and Konevets, they mainly bring ritual gizmos - icons, crosses, candles, Christian literature. Prices in the church shop are democratic, starting at 50 rubles per item (candles are cheaper). From the northern region of Ladoga, tourists take away shungite products (a black rock mined exclusively in Karelia). The cost of small figurines starts from 300 rubles. In many cities of the Ladoga region, they offer products made from natural materials - leather (bags from 2000 rubles), birch bark (casket from 500 rubles), wood (decorations from 300 rubles), textiles (rugs from 1500 rubles) . Of course, you should not forget about natural gifts - mushrooms, berries (which you can collect yourself), fresh and thermally processed fish. But, of course, the best thing you can bring from Lake Ladoga is a persistent northern tan and a charge of positive mood!

How to move around the region

Lake Ladoga - holidays with children

I am a supporter of traveling with children everywhere. Therefore, of course, I stand up for the fact that on a trip to Lake Ladoga it is necessary to take children with you, but more! They - fun, knowledge of the world, communication with nature, healing, hardening (solid pluses). You - continuous strained to follow them; but raising children is not easy at all! I advise you and your children to be vaccinated against ticks before traveling to “any countryside”. In recent years, cases of infection with tick-borne encephalitis in the Leningrad region have become more frequent. Be careful!

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