Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich Great: biography, activities and interesting facts. Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich Great

59. On the reign of Mstislav Monomakhovich in Kiev. Over the death of the tissue of the king and the Velikago Prince Kyivskago and All Russia, the autocrat of Vladimir Monomakh, the Prince of Mstislav Vladimirovich and Sedse on the throne of Oultiworm. This is created from Kamen

Mstislav Vladimirovich the Great, in the baptism of the Feodor, in Europe was known as Garald, was informed in honor of his grandfather, the last king from the Alfred Great dynasty. (June 1, 1076 - April 14, 1132) - Grand Duke Kiev (1125-1132), son of Russian prince Vladimir Monomakh and english princess Wessise gita.

Mstislav Vladimirovich Great
Miniature from the royal titular. 1672 year.

In the will of his father in thirteen years old became the Novgorod Prince, where Rules in 1088-1093 and 1095-1117, acting in agreement with Novgorod and contributing to the strengthening (in 1116, an expansion of the Novgorod Decorations) and the decoration (according to his instructions there was a church of the Annunciation of Annunciation In 1103, and in 1113 - Nikolo-Dvorchensky Cathedral) of the city.

In 1093-1095, Mstislav Rules in the Rostov Earth, playing main role In the struggle of his father, Monomakh and Oleg Svyatoslavich: in 1096 in the battle on r. He broke his brother Oleg - Yaroslav Svyatoslavich, and then Oleg himself, who had to leave Mur and Ryazan and run to the steppe, to Polovtsy ..

Mstislav Vladimirovich. author unknown

The sympathies of Novgorod to Mstislav were great, it is known that in 1102, when Kiev Prince Svyatopolk Iaslavich wanted to translate Mstislav from Novgorod, they did not allow it.

In 1117-1125 rules in Belgorod. When Vladimir Monomakh died in 1125, Mstislav accepted the title of the Grand Duke. He no longer owned the lion's share of Russian lands, as the younger sons of Monomakh inherited independent principalities: Yuropolk received Pereyaslavl, Vyacheslav - Smolensk, Yuri Dolgoruky - Rostov-Suzdal Principality, Andrei Good - Volyn.

In 1127, Vyacheslav became Prince of Turov, and Smolensk gave way to the son of Mstislav - Rostislav. In the same year, in Chernigov, Prince Yaroslav Svyatoslavich was overthrown by his nephew - Vsevolod Olgovich. Mstislav and his brother Yaropolk opposed the Vsevolod; In the course of this war, they captured Kursk and the satellite, where he began to edit the eldest son of Mstislav - Izyaslav. It was not possible to return the overthrown Yaroslav to the Chernihiv throne: in the world, Vsevolod became Prince of Chernigov, and Yaroslav received the Muromo-Ryazan Principality as compensation.

Thus, from 1127, Mstislav owned Kiev, Novgorod (Son Vsevolod), Smolensk (son Rostislav), inseminate (son Izyaslav), while maintaining control over the most important cities of Russia and the main trading way "from Varyag in Greeks".

In 1127, Mstislav made the first trip to the Polotsk Principality: they were taken and looted the cities of Strezhev, Lugozhsk, Izyaslavl, and in Polotsk, Prince Davyd Veslavich was replaced by Brother - Rogvoda. In 1128, Rogvolod died, and in Polotsk again, Davyd, who refused the world. During a new campaign in 1129, Mstislav captured the three remaining all-in-law (Davyd, Svyatoslav and Rostislav) and all their relatives, Polotsk Principality Annexed: here was translated into the reign of Izyaslav Mstislavich. In Polotsk Earth, only a secondary prince Vasilko Svyatoslavich (in Izyaslav) remained in Polotsk. In 1130, Mstislav sent the captive polotsky princes to Constantinople. In his rule, constant gravestics also took place in the Galitsky Principality because of the height of the inheritance of the princes of Volodar and Vasilka Rostyslavichi, who died in 1124;; The Grand Duke in these gravestones, apparently, did not interfere.

"Mstislavovo Gospel" ordered by the prince

In foreign Policy Mstislav continued the Father's line: the details of his campaigns against Polovtsy are almost unknown, but it is reported that in the end, the Polovtsy were driven by Don, for the Volga and Jica (modern r. Ural). Apparently, fleeing Russian team, went to the Caucasus from the Black Sea Khan Han Artyk (Patterns) with a part of the Polovtsy, which then appeared in Georgia as mercenaries. Military power of Mstislav was so indisputable that he was the only one of all the princes Kievan Rus - He deserved the nickname "Great" in the chronicles. Women's unions with the Scandinavian states and With Byzantia, he strengthened the state's position in the international arena. Not always successful were the secondary campaigns in the Baltic States: in 1130, Chok was taxed by tribute, but the new campaign of 1131 ended with the defeat of Yuriev. A campaign on Lithuania (1132) was successful, but on the way back the Kiev residents were broken.

On April 14, 1132, Mstislav died, having passed the throne, Yuropolki his brother. 1132. The date of the final decay of Kievan Rus is considered to be considered: on the one hand, the sons of Mstislav (Izyaslav, Rostislav, Vsevolod) became rulers of independent principalities and later opposed their uncle Monomakhov; On the other hand, none of the nearest successors of Mstislav did not have his military and political talents and could not stop the disintegration of the Old Russian lands.

The state management system actually rebuilt with Vladimir Monomakh and the reinforced Mstislav strengthened in the future, capitulated severity of internecine conflicts. Novgorod after the death of Mstislava also lost internal political stability.

New data on Mstislava Great in the light of archeology

Nikolo-Dvorchensky Cathedral on the Yaroslavl courtyard in Veliky Novgorod, laid by Mstislav

Ruins of the Church of the Annunciation on the settlement.

In the Moscow region, one of the seals of Mstislav Vladimirovich was found on the territory of the MStovsky Archaeological Complex.
In the last decade, many Mstislava seals Vladimirovich and his descendants, archaeologists have found in the territory of archaeological complexes of Veliky Novgorod ..

Grand Duke Mstislav Vladimirovich. Chorikov B.

Heirs

In 1095, Mstislav married his four-humid sister, daughter swedish king Inge I Princess Christine, who gave birth to him many children:

Ingeborg Kievskaya - married Danish Prince Knuda Lavard.

Malmphrid Mstislavna - married Sigurd I Norwegian, then Eric II Danish.

Malmphrida - according to Sagam ("Ground Circle", "Rotten Leather", "Saga about Knutlings"), daughter of Konung Gardarika named Harald (Mstislava Great) and Christina Swedish. Russian sources are not mentioned; Her Slavic name is also unknown. She was married to two Scandinavian monarchs.

The first marriage (approx. 1111) with the Norwegian king of Sigourd I, the Crusader is described as unhappy. Their only daughter, Kristen, became the mother of King Magnus V (rules in 1161-84). After the divorce with Sigurd (about which Snorri mentions), Malmphrid left for Denmark, where he was married (1133) for Korivic, soon as soon as the throne under the name Eric II. The Lunda Cathedral was preserved, in which he calls his wife to his granddaughter of the Swedish king.

Historians attribute Malmphride a marriage device between her stepmother, the Norwegian king Magnus IV, and his sister's daughter - Danish princess Christine Knudsdotter. After the murder of Erica in 1137, her fate is unknown.

Evraprase Mstislavna - married Alexei Komnin, son of the Byzantine Emperor John II Comnina
Vsevolod Mstislavich - Prince Novgorod (1117-1136)
Maria Mstislavna - married Vsevolod Olgovich, Grand Prince Kiev
Izyaslav Mstislavich - Great Prince Kiev
Rostislav Mstislavich - Grand Duke Kiev
Svyatopolk Mstislavich - Prince Polotsk, Pskov, Bereshesky, Novgorod, Lutsky and Vladimiro-Volynsky
Rogned Mstislavna, married Yaroslav Svyatopolchich, Prince Volynsky
Ksenia Mstislavna, married Bryachland Glebovich, Prince Izyaslavsky

In the same year, Mstislav married again:
"In LѣTO 6630
Putty Māstislaving Christine.
In the same LѣTѣ of Māstislav in Kiev, singing Dmitrievna in Novѣgorodѣ Dzepovitsa "

His wife became Lyubava Dmitrievna - the daughter of Novgorod Postener Dmitry Zonulich.

Children from the second marriage:

Vladimir Mstislavich
Efrosinya Mstislavna, married King Hungary GEZU II

The Holy Prince was revered since terrestrial life. The scribe of the Mstislavov of the Gospel called him the faithful and Christ-loving. The manufacturer of the oxlaus of the Mstislavova Gospel, the Naslav, wrote about himself: "I approached a lot of work and sorrow. But God comforted me a prayer of good prince ... God forbid his prayer to all Christians. " The prolite life of the holy prince was placed under April 15 at the Serbian liturgical prologue of the late XIII - early XIV centuries.
This prologue was rewritten from the earlier Bulgarian, the source for which the Russian original was served. Under April 15, the life of the Bulgarian Prince Mstislav in the Bulgarian Synaksar of 1340 is known (studies have shown that the source of this synaksar was also Russian.)
In these prologues, the memory of the St. Prince of Mstislava is delivered along with such famous Russian memories, as the memory of the Holy Equal-Apostles great Princess Olga (July 11/24), the Saints of Boris and Gleb Passionerpserats and Gleb (July 24 / August 6).
These facts indicate a broad twist of the holy prince Mstislav in Slavic countries.

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History of Russian Goverment

From the war it is impossible to wait for any good.

Vergili

On May 19, 1125, Prince Vladimir Monomakh died. After herself left five sons, the eldest of which, Mstislav Vladimirovich, and inherited the Kiev throne. Other Sons of the Great Vladimir Monomakh took the management of other lots of Russia. So, Yaropolk went to the reign in Pereyaslavl, Andrei went to Vladimir-Volynsky, Vyacheslav Donkey in the city of Tours, and Georgy passed the ruler of Suzdali. Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich so determined the treasures for the reign of his sons: Izyaslav went to Kursk, and Rostislav to Smolensk.

Mstislav Vladimirovich in his life of his great father, glorified his name with glorious victories, as well as wise decisions. It was a worthy successor of the acts of his father, who, unfortunately, the rules not too long.

Domestic politics

1127 The year for Russia was marked by another inner war, which this time began Vsevolod Olgovich. He captured the Crown City of Prince Yaroslav - Chernigov. Mstislav Vladimirovich was forced to intervene, rose to the side of Yaroslav and beat Chernigov. Vsevolod, having learned about the acts of Mstislav, took advantage of the same weapons who organized the interne-free wars of his father, Polovtsy troops. As chroniclers write, Vsevolod hired about 7,000 Polovtsy for the war with Mstislav Vladimirovich. Going to Chernigov, Polovtsy troops stopped and sent to the city of the ambassadors who had to convince Prince Chernihivsky to give the city to Vsevolod. But the ambassadors were captured and planted in the dungeon. Waiting for the answer to his ambassadors, and not receiving it for a long time, the Polovtsy was suspected not a bad and, thinking about the betrayal of Vsevolod, left Russia. The Grand Duke with his army went to the chase of the barbarians. According to the chroniclers, Mstislav's army chasing Polovtsev Already for the Volga, thereby long ago by depriving their desire to send troops in Russia. The Kiev ruler was angry at Vsevolod and wanted to punish him for the unleashing of the war, but he became humbly asking for the prince of mercy and swore in eternal devotion. Mstislav Vladimirovich believed his brother and did not punish him.

New internecine war

At the same time, the new trouble happened in the state, Vladimirko and Rostislav Volodarev began a war among themselves. Their enmity was a long-time, but during the lifetime of Monoma, they did not decide to war, fearing the punishment of the Kiev Prince. Mstislav Vladimirovich tried to bow the brothers to the world and convince them not to start a fratricidal war, but in vain. Vladimirko went to Hungary, from where he returned with 3000 army. The subsequent battle lasted for a long time, but did not led to anything, both prince remained with their diets. The continuation of this war did not have, since the Kiev Prince literally demanded from Volodarev in the world and ordered them to rule them. Otherwise, Mstislav threatened cruel to punish the culprit.

Natural disasters

A separate mention deserves a huge trouble of the Kiev Rus of that time - hunger. In the period from 1126 to 1128, terrible hunger began throughout the country. There was a strong heat for this - almost all fields burned, private earthquakes, solar eclipses. In winter, there were terrible frosts that continued almost all the spring. Chronicles write that on April 3, 1127, the snow was still on almost all territories of the state in 30 centimeters. Many Russians died from terrible hunger 1126-1128.

Completion of Board

Definitely the greatest achievement Epochs when Rules Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich, became overthrowing of Polotsk House. Polotsk has long proclaimed its independence from Kiev and rules independently. kiev ruleler I decided to return this goet of Russia. He collected a huge army, which consisted of his squad, squads of all his native brothers and sons. This combined army broke a Polovtsky army and returned the city under the control of Kiev.

Solved this ruler and external tasks States fighting with neighboring states. Returning from one such Lithuanian campaign, prince Mstislav Vladimirovich died on April 15, 1132.

And Princess Gita (daughter of the English king of Garald). With baptism, he received the name Fedor. Born in 1076. Large commander and statesman.

Mstislav I Vladimirovich Great - Biography

In 1088-93. He owned Novgorod the Great; In 1093-95 was the holder of Smolensk and Rostov lands; In 1095-1117. again rejected in Novgorod a great one; In 1117-25. - in Belgorod-Kiev and, apparently, was the co-program of his father in Kiev; in 1125-32gg. He was the Grand Duke Kiev. After the death of Vladimir Monomakh, in 1125 he inherited the Great Kiev princess, I have already had time to earn military glory and respect.

By the will of the Father at the 13th age became the Novgorod ruler. During the reigns in Novgorod (1088-93, 1095-1117), he acted in harmony with Novgorod and promoted the strengthening and decoration of the city (it was according to his instruction that the Church of Annunciation was laid on the settlement in 1103, in 1113 - Nicho- Correspondence Cathedral).

Years of reign of Mstislav the Great

In 1093 - 1095, he ruled in Rostov land and played a significant role during the struggle of his father Monomakh and Oleg Svyatoslavich. In 1096, in the battle of R. Demvedice, he defeated his brother Oleg - Yaroslav Svyatoslavich, and then Oleg, who tried treacherously attack him. Mstislav forced Oleg to leave Ryazan and Moore and run, and then in accordance with the decisions of the Lishech Congress of 1097 agree to the distribution of the lots.

Was a member of military campaigns to the Polovtsy in 1093, 1107, 1111 years. He managed to pacify the specific princes, showing the ability of a talented policy and a strategist. In 1129 she conquered the city of Polotsk together with all Polotsky Principality. And he drove the Polovetsky hordes for the Volga and Don. The defeat of the Polovtsy and the campaigns on Chud and Lithuania he secured the Russian borders.

In 1096 defeated on r. The collar of the Chernihiv's troops Oleg Svyatoslavich, thereby stopping his conciliatory activities.

Owning cities in Kiev, Novgorod (Son Vsevolod), inseminate (son Izyaslav), Smolensk (son Rostislav) and Polotsk (Translated by Izyaslav), Mstislav created the strongest power as part of Russian principalities, while maintaining control over the most important cities of Russia and the main trading path "from Varyag In the Greeks. "

During his reign, not only Novgorod became "more than the first", but in the subject of Ladog's subject, a stone fortress was erected. In Kiev, he built the Church of St. Theodore and the Virgin People, and founded the Fedorovsky monastery. Many scientists believe that it was Mstislav that is the last editor of the "Tale of Bygone Years".

Mstislav Great - Internal and Foreign Policy

In foreign policy, Mstislav I continued the line of his father: Protection countries from enemies. Military power of Mstislav was so indisputable that it was he, the only one of all the princes of Kievan Rus, deserved the nickname in the chronicles. " Using the marriage unions with the Scandinavian states and with Byzantium, he thus strengthened the position of the state in the international arena.

The chronicles noted that Mstislav "was the great legal advocacy, in the military brave and kindly, he was terrible to all their neighbors, to the subject of merciful and waking up. During his all Russian prince lived in perfect silence and did not bother one more to offend. Sorry for his WSI called prince Mstislav Great. Podachi with him, although they were great, but they are equalized to everyone, and for that VSI brought without seriousness. "

It was also written that Mstislav "revealed the virtues of his father on the throne of Russia: he had the same zealous love for the common good, the same hardness connected in it, like in Monomakh, with a proper sensitivity of the soul.

In 1095, Mstislav married the princess of Christine, the daughter of the Swedish king Inge I. Many children were born from this marriage:
Ingeborg Kiev (married Knuda Lavard, Danish Prince).
Malmphrid Mstislavna (married King Norway, and after king Denmark).
Eviaxia Mstislavna (married Alexy Comnin, son of the Byzantine Emperor John II Comnina)
Vsevolod Mstislavich, Prince Novgorodsky
Maria Mstislavna (married Vsevolod of the second Olgovich, Grand Duke Kiev).
Izyaslav the second Mstislavich, the Grand Duke Kiev
Rostislav Mstislavich, Grand Duke Kiev
Svyatopolk Mstislavich, Prince Pskovsky, Novgorod, Polotsk, Bereshesky and Vladimiro-Volynsky
Rogned Mstislavna (married Yaroslav, Prince Volynsky).
Ksenia (married Bryachcholava Glebovich, Prince Izyaslavsky).

Princess Kristina died on January 18 in 1122.
In the same year, the prince married the secondary daughter of the Novgorod Postener Dmitry Davidovich. In this marriage were born:
Vladimir Second Mstislavich
Efrosinia (married King Hungary Hungary).

On April 14, in 1132, Mstislav I died, giving way to his brother Yaropolki II.
The Grand Duke Kiev is buried in Kiev, in the Church of St. Sophia.

Results of the Mstislav Great Management

1132 by many historians are considered the year of the final decay of Kievan Rus. On the one hand, thanks to the father, the sons of the Great (Vsevolod, Izyaslav and Rostislav) became rulers of individual independent principalities, on the other - none of the nearest successors of the prince did not have his political and military skills and could not stop the disintegration of the state.

Description of history in textbooks and multi-million editions of artistic works in recent decades is subject to, to put it mildly, doubt. The rulers of Russia in the study of long-time chronological order. People interested in their own history begin to understand that, in fact, its real, written on paper does not exist, there are versions from which everyone chooses its responding to its ideas. History from textbooks is suitable only for the role of the reference point.

Rus rulers during the highest rise in the ancient state

Much of the fact that is known about the history of Russia - Russia, asked from the "lists" of the chronicles, whose originals are not preserved. In addition, even copies often contradict themselves and the elementary logic of events. Often historians force to accept only their opinions and claim him the only true.

The first legendary rulers of Russia, which refer to the time of 2.5 thousand years BC, were brothers Sloven and Rus.. They lead their own from the son of Noah Yafeta (hence the vandal, encourages etc.). The people of Rus - Rusichi, Rus, the people of Locony - Sloves, Slavs. On Oz. Ilmen Brothers built the cities of Slovensk and Rus (currently old Rus). At the site of the burnt Slovensk, the Great Novgorod was built later.

Descendants are known - Burvy and Gostomysl"The son of a buzzing, or Pamener, whether the foreman of Novgorod, who losing all his sons in the battles, called on Russia from a relative tribe of Russia (specifically from the island of Rügen) of his grandson Rüric.

Next are the versions prescribed by German "historians" (Bayer, Miller, Schletter) in the Russian service. In German historiography, Rusi is striking that people who have not known the Russian language, traditions and beliefs wrote it. Which made and rewritten the chronicle, not preserving, and often deliberately destroying, customizing facts under some ready version. Interestingly, Russian historians for several hundred years instead of refuting the German version of the story in every way new facts and research under it.

Rusi rulers on historical tradition:

1. Rurik (862 - 879) - It is called for a grandfather for the guidance of the order and termination of civil servants between Slavic and Finno-Ugric tribes in the territory of modern Leningrad and Novgorod regions. I founded or restored the city of Ladoga (old Ladoga). Rules in Novgorod. After the Novgorod uprising of 864, under the leadership of Vojevin, Vadim Brave, united North-Western Russia under his beginning.

According to the legend, sent (or they themselves left) Askold and Dira warriors to fight in Constantinople. They captured Kiev on the way.

How the Rurikovsky Dynamic Dynasty Dynasty died is not known.

2. Oleg Probe (879 - 912) - Relative or successor to Rurik, who remained at the head of the Novgorod state, whether as a guardian of the son of Rurik - Igor, or on the rights of the rules of the Right Prince.

In 882 goes to Kiev. On the road, a multi-family Slavic lands along the Dnieper, including the Earth of Smolensk Curivic, joins the principality. In Kiev kills Askold and Dira, makes Kiev the capital.

In 907 he holds a victorious war with Byzantium - a favorable trade agreement is signed for Russia. Bringing his shield to the goal of Tsargrad. Making many successful and not very military trips (including the defending interests of the Khazar Kaganat), becoming the creator of the State of Kievan Rus. By legend dies from the bite of the snake.

3. Igor (912 - 945) - fights for the unity of the state, constantly pacifying and connecting the surrounding Kiev land, slavic tribes. Fight from 920 with Pechenegs. Makes two campaigns to Tsargrad: in 941 - unsuccessful, in 944 - with the conclusion on more favorable conditions for Russia, than Oleg. Dies from the hands of Drevlyan, going for repeated tribute.

4. Olga (945 - after 959)- Regent with a three-year-old Svyatoslav. The date of birth and the origin is definitely not installed - not the doubtful fit, not the daughter of Oleg. Brutally and sophisticatedly dismissed the rallies for killing a husband. Clearly installed Dani sizes. Divided Russia to the parts controlled by tyuses. Introduced the stamps system - trade and exchange places. Built fortresses and cities. In 955 he took the baptism in Constantinople.

The time of its board is characterized by the world with the surrounding countries and the development of the state in all respects. The first Russian saint. Died in 969.

5. Svyatoslav Igorevich (959 - March 972) - The date of the beginning of the Board is relative - the country ruled to his death mother, Svyatoslav himself preferred to fight and was rarely in Kiev and not long. Even the first raid of Pechenegs and the siege of Kiev met Olga.

Svyatoslav defeated the Khazar Kaganat as a result of two trips, which Russia paid tribute for a long time with his warriors. She conquered and postponed the tribute to Volga Bulgaria. Supporting ancient traditions and in harmony with a friend, despised Christians, Muslims and Jews. She conquered the Tamutarakan and made Vyatny Danniki. In the period from 967 to 969 years, successfully fought in Bulgaria under a contract with the Byzantine Empire. In 969, I distributed Russia between the sons to the lots: Yaropolku - Kiev, Oleg - the Treacious lands, Vladimir (a side son from the keysticant) - Novgorod. He himself went to the new capital of his state - Pereyaslavl on the Danube. In 970 - 971, fights with the Byzantine Empire with varying success. Killed by Pechenegs, bribed to the Tsargrad, on the way to Kiev, since he became too strong an enemy for Byzantium.

6. Yaropolk Svyatoslavich (972 - 11.06.978) - tried to establish relationships with the Sacred Roman Empire and Pope. Supported Christians in Kiev. Coined his own coin.

In 978 he broke Pechenegs. From 977, to bring the boyars, began a cross-law war with brothers. Oleg died in flooded with horses during the siege of the fortress, Vladimir escaped "for the sea" and returned with a hired army. As a result of the war, Yaropolk, invited to negotiations, was killed, and Vladimir took a grand permanent place.

7. Vladimir Svyatoslavich (11.06.978 - 07/15/1015) - attempted to reform the Slavic Vedic cult, applying human sacrifices. Dailed from the Poles Cranven Rus and Mix. Conquered Yatvyov than he opened the way for Russia to Baltic Sea.. He placed the tribute to Vyatichi and herds, uniting the Novgorod and Kiev land at the same time. He concluded a profitable world with Volzh Bulgaria.

In 988, Korsun in the Crimea in 988 and threatened to go to Constantinople, if the wife did not receive the sister of Emperor Byzantium. Having received his wife, in the same place in Corsun, he was baptized and began to "fire and sword" to plan Christianity in Russia. During a violent Christianization, the country discompretized - from 12 million it remains 3. Only Rostov - Suzdal land I was able to avoid violent Christianization.

Much attention paid to the recognition of Kiev Rus in the West. Built several fortresses for the defense of the principality from the Polovtsy. Military campaigns reached the North Caucasus.

8. Svyatopolk Vladimirovich (1015 - 1016, 1018 - 1019) - Using the support of the people and Boyar, took the Kiev throne. Soon three brothers die - Boris, Gleb, Svyatoslav. The open struggle for the grand permanent throne begins to lead his native brother, Novgorod Prince Yaroslav. After the defeat from Yaroslav, Svyatopolk runs to the test, the king of Poland Boleslav I Herbrome. In 1018, Yaroslav breaks with Polish troops. The Poles, who began robbing Kiev, cause folk outrage, and the Svyatopolk is forced to disperse them, remaining without troops.

Jaroslav returned with new troops without difficulty takes Kiev. Svyatopolk with the help of Pechenegov is trying to regain power, but unsuccessfully. Dies, deciding to go to the Pechenegs.

For the murders of the brothers ascribed to him, the brothers are nicknamed.

9. Yaroslav Wise (1016 - 1018, 1019 - 20.02.1054) - for the first time settled in Kiev during the war with his brother Svyatopolk. I received support from Novgorod, and besides them had a hired army.

The beginning of the second period of the Board was marked by princely grasses with Brother Mstislav, who broke the troops of Yaroslav and seized the left bank of the Dnieper with Chernigov. The world was concluded between the brothers, they went to jet campaigns on Jases and Poles, but the Grand Duke Yaroslav before the death of his brother was in Novgorod, and not in the capital Kiev.

In 1030 defeated Chud and laid the city of Yuryev. Immediately after the death of Mstislav, fearing competition, imprisoned his last brother Sudislava and moves to Kiev.

In 1036 he splits Pechenegov, freeing Russia from raids. In subsequent years, hiking on Yatvägov, Lithuania and Mazovia. In 1043 - 1046 fights with byzantine Empire Due to the murder of a noble Russian in Constantinople. Takes the Union with Poland and gives the daughter of Anna for the French king.

Bases the monasteries and builds temples, incl. Sophia Cathedral, Rail stone walls Kiev. By order of Yaroslav translate and rewrite many books. Opens the first school for children of priests and rural elder in Novgorod. With it, the first metropolitan of Russian origin appears - Illarion.

The first well-known set of the laws of Russia "Russian truth" is published.

10. Izyaslav Yaroslavich (20.02.1054 - 14.09.1068, 2.05.1069 - March 1073, 15 .06.1077 - 3.10.1078) - The prince is not beloved by the Kievans, forced to periodically hide outside the principality. Together with the brothers, it creates a set of laws "True Yaroslavichi". The first board is characterized by joint decision-making by all Brothers Yaroslavichi - Triumvirate.

In 1055, the brothers break the tops under Pereyaslavl and set the boundaries with the land of Polovtsy. Izyaslav provides the assistance of Byzantium in Armenia, seizes the lands of the Baltian people - ololy. In 1067, as a result of the war with the Polotsky Principality, the prince of Veslav Sorrey captures the deception of Prince.

In 1068, Izyaslav refuses to arm Kievans against Polovtsy, for which he is expelled from Kiev. Returns with Polish troops.

In 1073, as a result of a conspiracy, compiled by the younger brothers, leaves Kiev and long wanders in Europe in search of allies. The throne returns after Svyatoslav Yaroslavovich dies.

He died in battle with nephews under Chernihiv.

11. Vslav Bryachchalvich (14.09.1068 - April 1069)- Polotsk Prince, released from under the arrest of the Kiev residents who are rebelled against Izaslav and erected to the grand-pendant throne. He left Kiev when Izyaslav was approaching the Poles. Printed in Polotsk for more than 30 years, not stopping the struggle with Yaroslavichi.

12.Svyatoslav Yaroslavich (03/22/1073 - 27.12.1076) - came to power in Kiev as a result of a conspiracy against the elder brother, with the support of Kiev. Much attention and funds paid for maintaining the clergy and church. Died as a result of a surgical operation.

13.Vsevolod Yaroslavich (01.1077 - July 1077, October 1078 - 13.04.1093) - The first period ended with the voluntary transfer of power to Brother Izyaslav. The second time took a great room after the death of the latter in the internecine war.

Virtually the entire period of the Management Board was noted a fierce internecine struggle, especially with Polotsky Principality. In this interlist, Vladimir Monomakh, the Son of Vsevolod, who, with the help of Polovtsy, held several devastating campaigns to the Polotsky lands.

Vsevolod and Monomakh, campaigns were held at Vyatichi and Polovtsy.

Vsevolod issued a daughter by Euptraction for the Emperor of the Roman Empire. The marriage consecrated by the Church ended with the scandal and the accusation of the emperor in conducting satanic rituals.

14. Svyatopolk Izyaslavich (24.04.1093 - 16.04.1113) - First of all, enhancing the throne, he was arrested by Polovtsy ambassadors, unleashing the war. As a result, together with V. Monomakh, he was defeated by the Polovtsy on Sturdes and wish, the three main Kiev monasters were burned and looted and looted.

Princely civilians did not stop the Congress of Princes in Lishech, which secured possession of the branches of the princely dynasties. Svyatopolk Izyaslavich remained the Grand Duke and the rule of Kiev and Turov. Immediately after the congress, V. Monomakh and other princes. They answered Siege of Kiev, who ended in a truce.

In 1100, at the congress of the princes in the passionate, Svyatopolk received Volyn.

In 1104, the Svyatopolk organized a campaign on Minsk Prince Gleb.

In 1103-1111, the coalition of the princes led by Svyatopolk and Vladimir Monomakh, a war against Polovtsy was successful.

The death of Svyatopolk was accompanied by a uprising in Kiev against the Boyar and Roshovistors closest to him.

15. Vladimir Monomakh (04/20/1113 - 19.05.1125) - invited to the prince during an uprising in Kiev against the administration of Svyatopolk. Created in the "Russian truth" "charter of the cuts", which facilitated the position of debtors in full preservation of feudal relations.

The beginning of the board without interdiscructures was not cost: Svyatopolchich, who claimed Kiev's throne, had to be expelled from Volyn. The period of the Board of Monomakh became the last period of strengthening the grand mining of power in Kiev. Together with the sons, the Grand Duke owned 75% of the territory of the chronicle Rus.

To strengthen the monomakh state, dynastic marriages often used their authority of the military commanders - the winner of the Polovtsy. During his reign of sons, Chok won, defeated the Volga Bulgar.

In 1116 - 1119, Vladimir Vsevolodovich successfully fought with Byzanthythia. As a result of the war, as a deposited, received from the emperor the title "King of All Russia", Scepter, Power, the royal crown (Monomakh hat). Following the negotiations, Monomakh issued his granddaughter for the emperor.

16. Mstislav Great (05/20/125 - 15.04.1132)- Originally owned only Kiev land, but admitted to the eldest among the princes. Gradually began to control through the dynastic marriages and sons of the city of Novgorod, Chernihiv, Kursk, Murom, Ryazan, Smolensk and tours.

In 1129, he ruled Polotsky lands. In 1131 he deprived the lotion and drove the Polotsk princes led by the son of Vyslav Clavius \u200b\u200b- Davyd.

In the period from 1130 to 1132, several campaigns made a variable success on the Baltic tribes, including in Chud and Lithuania.

The state of Mstislav is the last informal association of the principalities of Kiev Rus. He controlled all major cities, the whole path of "Varyag in Greeks", accumulated military Strength Gave him the right to be called in the chronicles great.

The rulers of the ancient Russian state during the period of fragmentation and decline of Kiev

The princes on the Kiev throne during this period are replaced frequently and rule for a long time, most of them not showing no wonderful:

1. Yaropolk Vladimirovich (04/17/1132 - 02/18/1139) - Prince Pereyaslavsky is called on to the Board of the Kievans, but the first of his decision on the transfer of Peresaslavl Masyaslav Mstislavich, who ruled to it in Polotsk, caused outrage among Kievans and the expulsion of Yaropolk. In the same year, the Kiev residents called on Yaropolk, but Polotsk, who returned the dynasty of Vyslava Correction, deposited from Kievan Rus.

In the beginning of the internecine struggle between the various branches of Rurikovich, the Grand Prince could not show hardness and at the time of his death lost control, except Polotsk, over Novgorod and Chernihiv. It was nominally obeyed only Rostovo - Suzdal Earth.

2. Vyacheslav Vladimirovich (22.02 - 4.03.1139, April 1151 - 6.02.1154)"The first one, the henogen-separated period of the Board ended with overall from the throne in Vsevolod Olgovich, Chernigov Prince.

In the second period was only an official sign, this power belonged to Izyaslav Mstislavich.

3. Vsevolod Olgovich (5. 03.1139 - 1.08.1146)- Chernihiv Prince, shifted from the throne Vyacheslav Vladimirovich, interrupting the Board in Kiev Monomashic. Was not loved by the Kiev. The entire period of the Board was skillfully lavored between Mstislavovichi and Monomascy. Constantly fought with the latter, tried not to allow the power of his own rhodium to the grand mining.

4. Igor Olgovich (1 - 13.08.1146)- received Kiev on the will of his brother, which outdressed the inhabitants of the city. The townspeople called for the throne from Pereslavl Iaslav Mstislavich. After the battle between the applicants, Igor was planted in a fender, where heavily fell ill. The released from there, hesitated into the monks, but in 1147, on suspicion of conspiracy against Izaslav, the vengeful Kievans are executed because Olgovich.

5. Izyaslav Mstislavich (08/13/1146 - 08.23.1149, 1151 - 13.11.1154) - In the first period, directly besides Kiev, Rules Pereyaslavl, turon, Volyn. In the civilian struggle with Yuri Dolgoruky and his allies, he enjoyed support for Novgorod, Smolyan and Ryazantsev. Often attracted to their ranks of the Allied Polovtsy, Hungarians, Chekhov, Poles.

For an attempt to elect a Russian Metropolitan without approving the Patriarch from Constantinople is overcome from the church.

He had support for Kievan in the fight against Suzdal Princes.

6. Yuri Dolgoruky (28.08.1149 - Summer 1150, Summer 1150 - Nach. 1151, 03/20/1155 - 15.05.1157)- Suzdal Prince, Son V. Monomakh. Three times sat on the grand accepted throne. The first twice is expelled from Kiev Izyaslav and Kievans. In his struggle for the right, Monomashic relied on support for Novgorod - Seversk Prince Svyatoslav (the brother executed in Kiev), Galichan and Polovtsy. The battle on the root in 1151 became decisive in the fight against Izyaslav. By losing, Yuri for a single loss lost all its allies in the south.

The third time I was subordinate to Kiev after Izyaslav and his co-guarantee Vyacheslav died. In 1157 he made an unsuccessful campaign for Volyn, where the sons of Izaslav settled.

Presumably, poisoned by the Kievans.

In the south, only one son of Yuri Dolgoruky - Gleb was able to gain a consideration in the south of the Pereyaslavl Principality.

7. Rostislav Mstislavich (1154 - 1155, 12.04.1159 - 8.02.1161, March 1161 - 14.03.1167) - For 40 years, Smolensky Prince. He founded the Grand Duch of Smolensk. The first time was taken by the Kiev throne at the invitation of Vyacheslav Vladimirovich, who encouraged him to coincidences, but soon the deceased. Rostislav Mstislavich was forced to meet Yuri Dolgorukha. Having met with Uncle, Smolensky Prince gave way to Kiev to the senior relative.

The second and third dates of the Board in Kiev divided the attack of Iaslav Davydovich with Polovtsy, who forced Rostislav Mstislavovich to hide in Belgorod, expecting allies.

The Board was distinguished by tranquility, insignificancy of civil engineers and a peaceful solution of conflicts. In every way prevented attempts to break the calm in Russia.

With the help of a dynastic marriage attached Vitebsk to the Smolensky principality.

8. Izyaslav Davydovich (winter 1155, 05/19/1157 - December 1158, 12.02 - 6.03.1161)"For the first time, the Grand Duke began, breaking the troops of Rostislav Mstislavich, but was forced to give the throne to the Yuri Dolgoruky.

The second time took the throne after the death of long-term, but was broken down by Kiev by Volyn and Galich princes for refusing to issue a challenger to the Galician throne.

Corresponding to Kiev for the third time, but was defeated by the Allies of Rostislav Mstislavich.

9. Mstislav Iaslavich (12/22/1158 - Spring 1159, 05/19/1167 - 12.03.1169, February - 13.04.1170) - The first time became the Kiev prince, driving the Iaslav Davydovich, but gave way to Rostislav Mstislavich, as a senior in the family.

The second time on the board is called by the Kievans after the death of Rostislav Mstislavich. Unable to keep the board against Andrei Bogolyubsky's army.

For the third time, settled in Kiev without a battle, using the love of Kiev, and driving Gleb Yurevich, whom Andrey Bogolyubsky planted in Kiev. However, abandoned by the allies, was forced to return to Volyn.

He became famous for the victory over Polovtsy at the head of the coalition troops in 1168.

It is considered the last great Kiev prince, who had real power over Rus.

With the elevation of Vladimir - Suzdal Princess Kiev is increasingly becoming the usual specific, although it retains the name "the Great". The problems most likely need to be sought in what and how the rulers of Russia did in the chronological order of inheritance by them. Decades of civil workers brought fruit - the principality loosen and lost its meaning for Russia. Prince in Kiev than the main thing. Often kiev princes prescribed or changed the Grand Duke from Vladimir.