Andromeda through binoculars. Collision between the Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy

The Andromeda Galaxy, known by several names: the great Andromeda Nebula, also known as the Andromeda spiral galaxy, also known as Monsieur 31 (M31) in the astronomical classification of galaxies, has long been a source of inspiration for astronomers, science fiction writers, and for some time for computer game developers . After all, a great sci-fi game has recently appeared - Mass Effect Andromeda, just about the hypothetical flight of people of the future to the neighboring Andromeda galaxy. Yes, that's right, Andromeda is a neighboring galaxy to our Milky Way, and moreover, the closest large galaxy to us. But, nevertheless, despite this, the distance to the Andromeda galaxy from the Earth is not so small, it is 2.5 million light years. That is, the glow that we see from Andromeda in the night starry sky came out of its source 2.5 million years ago.

The history of the discovery of Andromeda

The Andromeda Galaxy has been known to us since ancient times, the first to notice it were the Chaldean priests and concurrently excellent astronomers ancient world. The ancient Greeks also knew about it, because it was thanks to them that the galaxy got its name. Andromeda - the heroine of ancient Greek myth, was the daughter of the Ethiopian king Cepheus. As punishment for Kefei's boasting, the god of the seas Poseidon (aka) ordered the king to sacrifice his daughter to the sea monster Kraken, otherwise the whole kingdom would have suffered a terrifying disaster. But Princess Andromeda was saved by the brave hero Perseus, who, on his winged horse Pegasus, was able to defeat the terrible Kraken. Subsequently, the names of the heroes of the favorite myths of Perseus and Andromeda were named bright stars in the night sky, only later it turned out that Andromeda is not just a star, but a whole galaxy, and the Perseus cluster is even something more - a real cluster of galaxies.

Mythological Perseus and Andromeda, who gave their names to the galaxies.

Throughout the century, many astronomers noticed and observed Andromeda, in 964 the Persian astronomer Abdurakhman al-Sufi wrote about her, affectionately calling her "Little Cloud". In 1780, it was observed through his telescope by William Herschel, who believed that she was not so far from us.

The first photograph of the Andromeda system was taken in 1887 by the English Welsh astronomer Issac Roberts, who, however, erroneously considered it to be part of our Milky Way galaxy. The understanding that the Andromeda system is a whole separate galaxy with many of its stars came only at the beginning of the last century. American astronomer Heber Curtis, observing Andromeda in 1917, noticed that the stars in the Andromeda nebula were ten magnitudes fainter than elsewhere. According to him, they were 500,000 light years distant from us. He was the first to put forward the hypothesis of spiral nebulae, or as it was also called the "hypothesis of island universes." According to this hypothesis, spiral nebulae are separate and complete galaxies.

Experimental confirmation of Curtis's ideas took place in 1923, thanks to another great American astronomer, Edwin Hubble, who built his famous 100-inch telescope. It was Edwin Hubble who first calculated the exact distance to the Andromeda system - 2.5 million light years, and it was he who finally proved that our Universe consists of many galaxies, and not just the Milky Way (as was previously believed) and Andromeda is only one of countless galaxies around.

Photo of the Andromeda galaxy

A little photo of our "neighbor" in the Universe

Andromeda Galaxy and Milky Way

The size of the Andromeda galaxy far exceeds the size of our home galaxy and we can say for sure that Andromeda is the largest galaxy in our part of the Universe. Andromeda has about one trillion stars, while our Milky Way is much "poorer" with its three hundred billion stars. The length of Andromeda is also many times greater than our galaxy - it stretched for 260 thousand light years (for comparison, here in the Milky Way we have a length of only one hundred thousand light years). Andromeda is ahead of our galaxy and in number, scientists have already counted more than 30 of the latter there.

And the most interesting thing is that the Andromeda galaxy is approaching us, moreover, at a not so small speed of 100-140 km per second. This means that in four and a half billion years there will be a collision The Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy, after which both galaxies will merge into one even larger galaxy. But we should not worry about this, since the Earth, and ours in general, is unlikely to suffer from this collision - the chances of a collision of two stars during a merger of galaxies are negligible, due to the huge size of these same galaxies. In the worst case scenario, our solar system will be thrown into intergalactic space by powerful gravitational waves. But she herself will not suffer.

Here, the picture clearly shows how the collision of our galaxies will occur.

The planets of the Andromeda galaxy and the presence of intelligent life

Here we leave the solid ground of scientific facts and enter the slippery ice of conjectures and hypotheses. Due to the scale of the Andromeda system, the presence of many stars on it and more more planets, it is quite possible, at least according to the logic of probability theory, that among this multitude of planets there are planets quite suitable for life. And if so, then life appeared there, moreover, not only animal, but also quite reasonable. In the meantime, we can only assume and fantasize a little about what the inhabitants of the Andromeda galaxy look like.

Again in computer game Mass Effect Andromeda the inhabitants of Andromeda are of a humanoid type, that is, outwardly similar to us - they have two arms, two legs, one head, although, of course, intelligent life It may also be in a completely different form.

How to find the Andromeda galaxy in the sky

If you are thinking about how to see the Andromeda galaxy in the night sky, moreover, with the naked eye, then this is not so difficult to do. The best time to see Andromeda is from October to November. To begin with, in the night sky, you should find the constellation Pegasus, it is located in the south. Halfway from the horizon to the zenith, you should notice a large square of four stars of almost the same brightness - this is the brightest and most visible part of the constellation Pegasus.

On the left, a chain of stars bent upwards adjoins the square, forming together with the square a figure that vaguely resembles a ladle with a handle. The stars of the handle, including the top left star of the square, belong to the Andromeda galaxy.

Andromeda galaxy video

And in the end, your attention is an interesting educational film from the Discovery channel about the future collision of the Andromeda galaxy with our galaxy.

Astronomy is an amazingly fascinating science that reveals to inquisitive minds all the diversity of the Universe. There are hardly any people who, in childhood, would never have watched a scattering of stars in the night sky. This picture looks especially beautiful in summer period when the stars seem so close and incredibly bright. AT last years Astronomers around the world are particularly interested in Andromeda, the galaxy closest to our own Milky Way. We decided to find out what exactly attracts scientists in it and whether it can be seen with the naked eye.

Andromeda: a brief description

The Andromeda Nebula, or simply Andromeda, is one of the largest galaxy in the galaxy. It is larger than our Milky Way, where the solar system is located, approximately three to four times. In it, according to preliminary estimates, about one trillion stars.

Andromeda is a spiral galaxy, it can be seen in the night sky even without special optical devices. But keep in mind that the light from this star cluster travels to our Earth for more than two and a half million years! Astronomers say that we now see the Andromeda Nebula as it was two million years ago. Isn't that a miracle?

Andromeda Nebula: from the history of observations

Andromeda was first seen by an astronomer from Persia. He cataloged it in 1946 and described it as a hazy glow. Seven centuries later, the galaxy was described by a German astronomer who observed it for a long time with a telescope.

In the middle of the nineteenth century, astronomers determined that the spectrum of Andromeda differed significantly from previously known galaxies, and suggested that it was composed of many stars. This theory is fully justified.

The Andromeda Galaxy, which was photographed only at the end of the nineteenth century, has a spiral structure. Although in those days it was considered only a large part of the Milky Way.

The structure of the galaxy

With the help of modern telescopes, astronomers have managed to analyze the structure of the Andromeda Nebula. The Hubble telescope made it possible to see about four hundred young stars revolving around the black hole. This star cluster is approximately 200 million years old. This structure of the galaxy was very surprising to scientists, because until now they had not even imagined that stars could form around a black hole. According to all previously known laws, the process of condensing gas to form a star out of it is simply impossible under the conditions of a black hole.

The Andromeda Nebula has several satellite dwarf galaxies, they are located on its outskirts and could be there as a result of absorption. This is doubly interesting given that astronomers are predicting a collision between the Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy. True, this phenomenal event will happen very soon.

The Andromeda Galaxy and the Milky Way: moving towards each other

Scientists have long been making certain predictions by observing the movement of both star systems. The fact is that Andromeda is a galaxy that is constantly moving towards the Sun. At the beginning of the twentieth century, an American astronomer was able to calculate the speed at which this movement occurs. This figure, which is three hundred kilometers per second, is still used by all astronomers in the world in their observations and calculations.

However, their calculations differ significantly. Some scientists claim that the galaxies will collide only after seven billion years, while others are sure that the speed of Andromeda is constantly growing, and the meeting can be expected in four billion years. Scientists do not exclude such a scenario in which in a few decades this predicted figure will again significantly decrease. At the moment, however, it is generally accepted that collisions should not be expected earlier than in four billion years. What threatens us Andromeda (galaxy)?

Collision: what will happen?

Since the absorption of the Milky Way by Andromeda is inevitable, astronomers are trying to simulate the situation in order to have at least some information about this process. According to computer data, as a result of absorption, the solar system will be on the outskirts of the galaxy, it will fly over a distance of one hundred and sixty thousand light years. Compared to the current position of our solar system towards the center of the galaxy, it will move away from it by twenty-six thousand light-years.

The new future galaxy has already received the name - Milky Honey, and astronomers say that due to the merger, it will be rejuvenated by at least one and a half billion years. In this process, new stars will be formed, which will make our galaxy much brighter and more beautiful. She will also change shape. Now the Andromeda Nebula is at some angle to the Milky Way, but in the process of merging the resulting system will take on the shape of an ellipse and become more voluminous, so to speak.

The fate of mankind: will we survive the collision?

And what will happen to people? How will the meeting of galaxies affect our Earth? Surprisingly, scientists say that absolutely nothing! All changes will be expressed in the appearance of new stars and constellations. The sky map will change completely, because we will find ourselves in a completely new and unexplored corner of the galaxy.

Of course, some astronomers leave an extremely small percentage of negative developments. In this scenario, the Earth could collide with the Sun or another stellar body from the Andromeda galaxy.

Are there planets in the Andromeda Nebula?

Scientists regularly search for planets in galaxies. They do not leave attempts to find in the expanses of the Milky Way a planet that is close in characteristics to our Earth. At the moment, more than three hundred objects have already been discovered and described, but they are all located in our star system. In recent years, astronomers have begun to look more and more closely at Andromeda. Are there any planets out there?

Thirteen years ago, a group of astronomers using latest method hypothesized that one of the stars of the Andromeda Nebula has a planet. Its estimated mass is six percent of the largest planet in our solar system - Jupiter. Its mass is three hundred times the mass of the Earth.

At the moment, this assumption is being tested, but it has every chance of becoming a sensation. After all, until now, astronomers have not discovered planets in other galaxies.

Preparing to search for a galaxy in the sky

As we have said, even with the naked eye you can see the neighboring galaxy in the night sky. Of course, for this you need to have some knowledge in the field of astronomy (at least know what the constellations look like and be able to find them).

In addition, it is almost impossible to make out certain clusters of stars in the night sky of the city - light pollution will prevent observers from seeing at least something. Therefore, if you still want to see the Andromeda Nebula with your own eyes, then go to the village at the end of summer, or at least to the city park, where there is no a large number lanterns. The best time for observation is October, but from August to September it is quite clearly visible above the horizon.

Andromeda Nebula: search scheme

Many young amateur astronomers dream of knowing what Andromeda really looks like. The galaxy in the sky resembles a small bright spot, but you can find it thanks to the bright stars that are located nearby.

The easiest way is to find Cassiopeia in the autumn sky - it looks like the letter W, only more stretched than it is customary to designate it in writing. Usually the constellation is clearly visible in the Northern Hemisphere and is located in the eastern part of the sky. The Andromeda Galaxy lies below. To see it, you need to find a few more landmarks.

They are three bright stars below Cassiopeia, they are elongated in a line and have a red-orange hue. The middle one, Miraak, is the most accurate guide for beginner astronomers. If you draw a straight line upwards from it, you will notice a small luminous spot resembling a cloud. It is this light that will be the Andromeda galaxy. Moreover, the glow that you can observe was sent to the Earth even when there was not a single person on the planet. Amazing Fact, is not it?

M31 Andromeda Nebula.
11/28/2010, Deepsky 80\560ED telescope, WO 0.8x II corrector, Canon 1000D, ISO 1600, exposure 1 minute, 10-15 frames. Mount - EQ5

How to find the famous Andromeda Nebula (M31)? The best time for its observation - autumn, however, at other times of the year you can try to find it (for example, in the summer in the morning). To search, you must first face the northern part of the sky, find the constellation Ursa Major, draw a line from the "ladle" handle through the North Star, and on the continuation of this imaginary line you will see an inverted letter M or W - this is the constellation Cassiopeia. Cassiopeia is a fairly bright constellation, so you can easily find it.


Then we turn to the right, to the southeast side of the sky - we see that under Cassiopeia there are two large constellations Andromeda and Pegasus. Feature- the so-called "Pegasus Square" - four stars that form a kind of "square".


We will orient ourselves from it - we draw an imaginary line along the stars, first to the left, and then up. If you did everything right and look at the desired place with binoculars, a spyglass or a good optical finder, you will see a small bright oval cloud. Congratulations, this is the Andromeda Nebula - a huge galaxy with which our Galaxy is approaching (the collision will occur in 3-4 billion years).




In small telescopes, it is visible in the same way as in binoculars / spyglasses, but larger - a large oval spot. Several of its satellites, small galaxies (M32 and M110), also become visible. With 20x60 binoculars, it is visible throughout the entire field of view. The visual size of the Andromeda Nebula is about 3 ... 3.5 degrees - 7 times the apparent size of the Moon! In telescopes of larger diameters (from 250 mm and more), dust lanes near the center of the galaxy become available for observation.
The key to success in observation is dark sky and lack of illumination.

In pictures, the Andromeda Nebula looks much more beautiful than visually, primarily due to the visibility of dust clouds along the center of the galaxy. The simplest images of the galaxy can be obtained with even the simplest motorized equatorial mount and a kit lens reflex camera.

(I hope that it is successful), and now let's try to find in it what, in fact, beginner amateur astronomers are interested in this constellation. It will be of course about Andromeda Nebulae. So, how to find the Andromeda Nebula in the starry sky?

The first thing to say before embarking on a search: the Andromeda Nebula is not at all not a nebula, i.e not a cloud of interstellar gas like the Orion Nebula, a giant galaxy like our Milky Way and even more. According to recent estimates, the Andromeda Nebula contains about a thousand billion stars. Approximately one in 20 of these stars is similar in its characteristics to our Sun.

Why is the Andromeda Nebula so named? This history has been going on since the time when astronomers called nebulae any faint, obscure object that could not be resolved through a telescope into individual stars, similar in appearance to a cloud or patch of the Milky Way. Later it turned out that some of these objects were distant star clusters, some were indeed clouds of interstellar gas, and some were very distant huge galaxies. But the common name for all has stuck and is still used, although it is quickly becoming obsolete.

The Andromeda Nebula has official designations. The most famous - M31(object number 31 from the catalog of Charles Messier) and NGC 224(The 224th object from the "New General Catalog" of nebulous objects). So don't be surprised if instead of "Andromeda Nebula" you read "M31", "NGC 224" or "Andromeda Galaxy".

On the good photos The Andromeda Nebula looks like this:

Andromeda Galaxy (M31). Asi 071 equipment, Takahashi Epsilon 130 telescope, total exposure 5.4 hours. Photo: Richard Sweeney

But as What does the Andromeda Nebula look like in the sky? Depends on where, when and how you look at it. On the quality of the observed greatest influence have three factors:

1. sky flare. Cities have long been turned into citadels of light: street lighting is so bright that it successfully hid all faint stars from city dwellers, not to mention nebulae or the Milky Way. In addition, over big cities smog often hangs, which scatters the light of lanterns well and turns even a cloudless sky into milk.
2. Height of the Andromeda Nebula above the horizon. At sunrise and sunset, it is difficult to observe the galaxy, since the atmospheric absorption of light is large directly above the horizon. Better conditions to observe the galaxy - August and September nights, as well as evenings in October, November and December when the galaxy is very high in the sky.
3. General condition of the sky. Even outside the city, away from street lighting the sky may be unimportant. It is not the calmness of the atmosphere that is important, but its transparency. The more transparent and clear sky above your head, the fainter objects you will be able to see on it.

Let's say you are outside the city, or at least on the outskirts of the city, and the sky above you is more or less dark and transparent. There are two ways to find the Andromeda galaxy in the night sky.

How to find the Andromeda Nebula in the sky. Method number 1

In the first way, the zero point of your search is a large quadrilateral of stars called Pegasus square.

The great square of Pegasus and the constellation Andromeda adjoining the square on the left. Pattern: Stellarium

On autumn evenings, Pegasus Square hardly needs to be looked for - it will literally catch your eye if you stand facing south and raise your head up. The stars that form the square are not very bright - their brightness is approximately equal to the brightness of the stars of the famous Ursa Major bucket, but since the stars surrounding the square are also not bright, it literally dominates the picture of the evening sky in the second half of autumn.

Having found the square of Pegasus in the sky, you can easily find all the main stars that form the figure of Andromeda. Let me remind you that the main drawing of the constellation is a chain of stars extending from the upper left corner of the square of Pegasus to the east, forming together with the square something resembling a giant smoking pipe and mouthpiece.

In November evenings, Andromeda is very high in the sky.

Now pay attention to the middle star in the chain. Is it β Andromedae or a star Mirach. (Problems with Greek letters? Alphabet .) Above it you will see two rather dim stars - μ and ν Andromeda. Together, three stars form andromeda's belt. (On medieval maps, the heroine of an ancient myth stands chained to a rock, but ... for some reason in a horizontal position!) So, the Andromeda Nebula is located directly above the belt, above the asterisk ν of Andromeda!

The Andromeda Nebula is directly above the star Nu Andromeda. Pattern: Stellarium

How to find the Andromeda Nebula in the sky. Method number 2

The second way is that we are looking for the Andromeda Nebula not from the square of Pegasus, but from constellation Cassiopeia, which is almost at its zenith in autumn evenings.

The constellation Cassiopeia is extremely easy to find thanks to the characteristic letter W(or M, whichever you prefer) that it forms in the sky. To see Cassiopeia in the fall, just.

Did you find a constellation? Now notice that the right half of the celestial W is sharper than the left. This sharper half of the constellation is an arrow pointing towards the Andromeda galaxy.

Use the sharper right side of the W as a celestial arrow pointing towards the Andromeda Nebula. Pattern: Stellarium

The distance from the tip of the arrow to the nebula is about 4 times greater than between neighboring stars that form the letter W of Cassiopeia.

And now you see?

What to do if the Andromeda Nebula is not visible?

If the Andromeda Nebula is not visible to the naked eye, you can try to find it with binoculars or a telescope.

Binoculars give you a larger field of view, making it easier to find the galaxy through them. Start the search from the star Mirach (beta Andromeda), then guide the binoculars through the mu and nu of Andromeda. In the city sky, the nebula will appear through binoculars as an indistinct spot just above and to the right of Andromeda's nude. Explore this region of the sky slowly. Only outside the city, the even soft glow of the galaxy will be striking.

In a telescope, the search must also be carried out from the star Mirach successively through mu and nu of Andromeda. When searching, use smallest magnification possible to increase the field of view. In general, for observing galaxies and faint nebulae, large magnifications are useless - they reduce the contrast. Newton owners, be aware that your telescopes give an inverted image! Those with Go To telescopes can simply type in the name of the nebula and the telescope will point to it automatically.

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Andromeda is a galaxy also known as M31 and NGC224. It is a spiral formation located at a distance of approximately 780 kp (2.5 million from the Earth.

Andromeda is the galaxy closest to the Milky Way. It is named after the mythical princess of the same name. Observations in 2006 led to the conclusion that there are about a trillion stars here - at least twice as many as in the Milky Way, where there are about 200 - 400 billion of them. Scientists believe that the collision of the Milky Way and the Andromeda galaxy will happen in about 3, 75 billion years, and as a result, a giant elliptical or disk galaxy will be formed. But more on that later. First, let's find out what the "mythical princess" looks like.

The picture shows Andromeda. The galaxy has blue and white stripes. They form rings around it and shelter hot red-hot giant stars. Dark blue-gray bands contrast sharply against these bright rings and show areas where star formation is just beginning in dense cloud cocoons. When viewed in the visible spectrum, Andromeda's rings look more like spiral arms. In the ultraviolet range, these formations rather resemble ring structures. They were previously discovered by the NASA telescope. Astronomers believe that these rings indicate the formation of a galaxy as a result of a collision with a neighboring one more than 200 million years ago.

Moons of Andromeda

Like the Milky Way, Andromeda has a number of dwarf satellites, 14 of which have already been discovered. The most famous are M32 and M110. Of course, it is unlikely that the stars of each of the galaxies will collide with each other, since the distances between them are very large. About what will actually happen, scientists still have a rather vague idea. But a name has already been invented for the future newborn. Mlekomed - this is the name of the unborn giant galaxy scientists.

Star Collisions

Andromeda is a galaxy with 1 trillion stars (10 12), and the Milky Way - 1 billion (3 * 10 11). However, the chance of a collision of celestial bodies is negligible, since there is a huge distance between them. For example, the nearest star to the Sun, Proxima Centauri, is located at a distance of 4.2 light years (4 * 10 13 km), or 30 million (3 * 10 7) diameters of the Sun. Imagine that our star is a table tennis ball. Then Proxima Centauri will look like a pea, located at a distance of 1100 km from it, and the Milky Way itself will extend in breadth for 30 million km. Even the stars in the center of the galaxy (namely, where their largest cluster) are located at intervals of 160 billion (1.6 * 10 11) km. It's like one table tennis ball for every 3.2 km. Therefore, the chance that any two stars will collide during a merger of galaxies is extremely small.

Collision of black holes

The Andromeda Galaxy and the Milky Way have a central Sagittarius A (3.6*10 6 solar masses) and an object inside the P2 cluster of the Galactic Core. These black holes will converge at a point near the center of the newly formed galaxy, transferring orbital energy to the stars, which will move to higher trajectories over time. The above process can take millions of years. When the black holes come within one light year of each other, they will start emitting gravitational waves. Orbital energy will become even more powerful until the fusion is complete. Based on simulation data from 2006, the Earth may first be thrown almost to the very center of the newly formed galaxy, then pass near one of the black holes and be erupted outside of Mlecomeda.

Confirmation of the theory

The Andromeda Galaxy is approaching us at a speed of about 110 km per second. Up until 2012, there was no way to know if a collision would occur or not. To conclude that it is almost inevitable, the Hubble Space Telescope helped scientists. After tracking the movements of Andromeda from 2002 to 2010, it was concluded that the collision would occur in about 4 billion years.

Similar phenomena are widespread in space. For example, Andromeda is believed to have interacted with at least one galaxy in the past. And some dwarf galaxies, such as SagDEG, and now continue to collide with the Milky Way, creating a single formation.

Studies also show that M33, or the Triangulum Galaxy, is the third largest and most bright representative The local group - will also participate in this event. Its most likely fate will be the entry into orbit of the object formed after the merger, and in the distant future - the final merger. However, a collision of M33 with the Milky Way before Andromeda approaches, or our Solar System is thrown out of the Local Group, is ruled out.

The fate of the solar system

Scientists from Harvard argue that the timing of the merging of galaxies will depend on the tangential speed of Andromeda. Based on the calculations, they concluded that there is a 50% chance that during the merger the Solar System will be thrown back to a distance three times the current distance to the center of the Milky Way. It is not known exactly how the Andromeda galaxy will behave. Planet Earth is also under threat. Scientists say there is a 12% chance that we will be thrown out of our former "home" some time after the collision. But this event is not likely to have strong adverse effects on solar system, and celestial bodies will not be destroyed.

If we exclude planetary engineering, then by the time the surface of the Earth will be very hot and there will be no liquid water left on it, and hence no life.

Possible side effects

When two spiral galaxies merge, the hydrogen present in their disks contracts. Begins enhanced education new stars. For example, this can be observed in the interacting galaxy NGC 4039, otherwise known as "Antennas". In the event of a merger between Andromeda and the Milky Way, it is believed that there will be little gas left on their disks. Star formation will not be as intense, although the birth of a quasar is quite likely.

Merging result

The galaxy formed during the merger is tentatively called Mlecomed by scientists. The simulation result shows that the resulting object will have an elliptical shape. Its center will have a lower density of stars than modern elliptical galaxies. But a disk form is also likely. Much will depend on how much gas remains within the Milky Way and Andromeda. In the near future, the rest will merge into one object, and this will mean the beginning of a new evolutionary stage.

Facts about Andromeda

• Andromeda is the largest galaxy in the Local Group. But probably not the most massive. Scientists suggest that more is concentrated in the Milky Way and this is what makes our galaxy more massive.
• Scientists are exploring Andromeda in order to understand the origin and evolution of formations like it, because it is the closest spiral galaxy to us.
• Andromeda looks amazing from Earth. Many even manage to photograph it.
• Andromeda has a very dense galactic core. Not only are huge stars located at its center, but there is also at least one supermassive black hole hidden in the core.
• Its spiral arms were bent as a result of gravitational interaction with two neighboring galaxies: M32 and M110.
• There are at least 450 globular star clusters orbiting inside Andromeda. Among them are some of the densest that have been found.
• The Andromeda Galaxy is the most distant object that can be seen naked eye. You will need a good vantage point and a minimum of bright light.

In conclusion, I would like to advise readers to raise their eyes to the starry sky more often. It keeps a lot of new and unknown. Find some free time to watch space this weekend. The Andromeda Galaxy in the sky is a sight to behold.