Economic Security Service and Management "M" - tereshonok. Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation

FSB generals who this moment manage this service, form the basis of this key structure, which is designed to ensure the national security of the state. in its current state was formed in 1995, since then the closest attention has been riveted to its leaders.

Director of the FSB of Russia

Only FSB generals are currently in key leadership positions in this agency. There are no lower-ranking military men in the positions of either first deputies or deputy directors of the service.

The head of the FSB of Russia is currently Bortnikov Alexander Vasilyevich. He has been in this post since May 2008, after his predecessor Nikolai Platonovich Patrushev resigned.

Bortnikov was born in 1951 in the city of Molotov, as Perm was called at that time. He is a graduate of the Institute of Engineers railway transport, who graduated in Leningrad. In 1975 he graduated from the Higher School of the KGB. At the same time, he began to serve in the state security bodies. Supervised units for counterintelligence operations. He remained in this line of service even after the liquidation of the KGB and the formation of the FSB of Russia.

In 2003 Bortnikov Alexander Vasilyevich headed the regional department for Leningrad region and the city of Saint Petersburg. Then led the service economic security working within the department. In 2006, he received the rank of Colonel General of the FSB. According to some reports, he received the next rank of army general a few months later - in December of the same year.

In 2008, he headed the department, simultaneously taking the post of chairman of the national one. He is a member of various government and interdepartmental commissions on a wide range of issues.

Vladimir Kulishov

In order to get the most complete picture of the leadership of the FSB department, let us dwell on the personalities of the first deputies of the director of this department. There are currently two in total. All of them are generals of the FSB of Russia.

Vladimir Kulishov has the rank of Army General. He has been the First Deputy Director since March 2013. At the same time he heads the Border Service Russian Federation, which is also part of the FSB structure.

Kulishov Vladimir Grigorievich was born in the Rostov region in 1957. He studied at the Institute of Civil Aviation Engineers, which was based in Kiev. After receiving a diploma in higher education worked at a civil aviation factory.

In the structure of the state security bodies was in 1982. By that time, Kulishov Vladimir Grigorievich had already managed to graduate from the Higher School of the KGB. After the collapse Soviet Union continued to serve in the security forces. In 2000, he ended up in the central office of the FSB of Russia.

Then for a year he headed the department for Saratov region. Since 2004, he began to supervise the anti-terrorism department, headed the FSB department for the Chechen Republic. Since 2008, he has served as Deputy Director of the Federal Office. In 2013, he received the post of first deputy and headed the Border Service.

He served in Chechnya, has the Order "For Military Merit" and the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" III degree.

Sergei Smirnov

The FSB general is another first deputy director of the agency. He comes from Chita, where he was born in 1950. In his infancy, the family moved to Leningrad, where he spent his childhood and youth. At school he was a classmate of Boris Gryzlov (ex-minister of the interior and ex-chairman State Duma) and Nikolai Patrushev (ex-director of the FSB of Russia).

He received his higher education at the Bonch-Bruevich Electrotechnical Institute, which was opened in Leningrad. In his student years, he was also closely acquainted with Gryzlov, they again studied together. He began working at the Central Research Institute of Communications.

He got into the structure of the KGB of the USSR in 1974. Since 1975 he has been working in the Leningrad administration. He held first operational and then leadership positions.

In 1998, he received a position in the central office of the FSB. Headed the Department of Homeland Security. In 2000, he became deputy director of the FSB, and since 2003 - first deputy. Has the rank of General of the Army.

First head of department

All over Russian history 7 people led the federal department of the FSB. The very first in 1993 was Colonel General Nikolai Mikhailovich Golushko. At that time, the structure was only being formalized and officially called the Federal Counterintelligence Service of the Russian Federation.

Golushko stayed in this post for only two months, after which he was appointed by President Boris Yeltsin as an adviser to the director of the FSB. During the years of Soviet power, he headed the KGB of the Ukrainian SSR.

Stepashin - director of the FSB

In March 1994, Lieutenant General Sergei Vadimovich Stepashin became the head Federal Service counterintelligence. Under him, the Federal Security Service was founded in April 1995. Formally, he became the first director of the FSB of Russia. True, in this position he stayed only two and a half months.

After that, I did not get lost on high government positions. Stepashin was the Minister of Justice, he headed the post of first deputy and until 2013 led Accounts Chamber. Currently, he heads the supervisory board of a state corporation that promotes the reform of the Russian housing and communal services.

FSB leadership in the 90s

In 1995, General of the Army Mikhail Ivanovich Barsukov came to the post of director of the FSB. He has been in the KGB system of the Soviet Union since 1964. He was the commandant of the Moscow Kremlin, acted as a witness during the detention of the Deputy Prime Minister of one of the inspirers of the State Emergency Committee.

In the 90s, Barsukov was often criticized by his colleagues. In particular, blaming low professional qualities. For example, according to the ex-Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation Anatoly Sergeevich Kulikov, Barsukov's entire service took place in the Kremlin, he was responsible for the security of top officials of the state. Many believed that Barsukov was at the head of the security service only thanks to Yeltsin's security chief Alexander Korzhakov, who had a certain influence on the president.

In June 1996, he resigned after a scandal during Yeltsin's election campaign. His name is closely associated with the detention of activists from the campaign headquarters of President Lisovsky and Yevstafyev, who tried to take out half a million dollars in a paper box.

Director Nikolai Kovalev

In 1996, the service was headed by FSB General Nikolai Dmitrievich Kovalev. Unlike his predecessors, he spent a little more than two years in this post. Nikolai Kovalev has been in the service of state security agencies since 1974. He was appointed to the post of director of the FSB after a scandal involving alleged violations of the rules of foreign exchange transactions and the conduct of the presidential campaign of Boris Yeltsin in 1996.

During the leadership of the service, Nikolai Kovalev managed to establish a productive work of the department. Its employees began to appear less frequently on the pages of the press in connection with various scandals.

After being relieved of his post, he took the chair of the people's choice from the third to the seventh convocation inclusive. He is a member of the "United Russia" faction, heads the expert council of the "Officers of Russia" organization.

future president

Kovalev was replaced in July 1998 by the future president of Russia, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin. He was the only head of the department who by that time did not have military rank. Putin was only a reserve colonel.

The future head of state ended up in the KGB system back in 1975, immediately after graduating from the Leningrad state university. He got into the KGB by assignment.

Having become the head of the FSB, he appointed well-known Patrushev, Ivanov and Cherkesov as his deputies. Reorganized the entire service. In particular, he abolished the department for economic counterintelligence, and also liquidated the counterintelligence department for providing strategic facilities. Instead, he created six new directorates. Achieved significant salary increases for employees and uninterrupted funding. Interestingly, Putin himself wished to be the first civilian director of the FSB, refusing the rank of major general that Yeltsin had proposed to him.

Putin left the post of director of the FSB on August 9, becoming chairman of the government. Two days earlier, Chechen fighters under the command of Khattab and Basayev entered Dagestan. The creation of the Islamic State of Dagestan was proclaimed.

Already prime minister, Putin led the operation against the militants. In mid-September, they were finally ousted from Dagestan.

Nikolai Patrushev

After the transition of Vladimir Putin to senior positions in the federal government, the FSB was headed by Nikolai Platonovich Patrushev. He held this post for 9 years.

Just for the period of his work, there was a confrontation between militants and terrorists. The Federal Security Service began to occupy a key position in matters of ensuring the country's security.

Patrushev currently holds the post of Secretary of the Federal Security Council.

FSB General Ugryumov

Throughout these years a large number of officers served as deputy director of the FSB. Perhaps the most notable of them was Admiral German Alekseevich Ugryumov. This is the only naval officer who has held such a high position.

Ugryumov, originally from Astrakhan, joined the Navy in 1967. In 1975 he ended up in the system of the Soviet KGB. Supervised a special department of the Caspian military flotilla. In the 90s, he became one of the initiators of the case against journalist Grigory Pasko, who was prosecuted for espionage.

As deputy director of the FSB, he oversaw the work of the Special Purpose Center. It was to this unit that the famous special groups "Vympel" and "Alpha" belonged. He was noted for conducting counter-terrorist operations in the Chechen Republic. In particular, the liberation of Gudermes in 1999, the capture of one of the militant leaders Salman Raduev, and the release of hostages in the village of Lazorevsky are associated with his figure.

In May 2001 he was promoted to the rank of admiral. The next day he died of a heart attack.

FSB general uniform

To distinguish the generals to whom our article is devoted is quite simple in form.

It was last updated in 2006. Now the uniform is khaki, it is distinguished by buttonholes and chevrons, as well as the cornflower blue color of the gaps on shoulder straps.

As we know, any country is a vast organization that provides enough level life for its population. Thus, the welfare of a country directly affects the quality of life of its inhabitants. The latter, in turn, are obliged to ensure the protection of their state. This fact was recognized by people in ancient times, which led to the creation of armies. Its representatives have always had honor and popularity in society.

However, in addition to the usual military formations, in each power there were security agencies that fought with the intelligence activities of other countries on their territory. Such organizations in most cases carried out their activities in the shadows in order to hide the methods and methods of work from prying eyes. Nevertheless, today the existence and functioning of many state security structures is not surprising, since they exist in almost every country.

As for Russia, our state also has a special agency called the Federal Security Service, or FSB. What this organization does, its structure and functions will be discussed later in the article.

Department structure

The Law "On the FSB" in many ways gives an understanding of the structure of the service presented in the article. This question is extremely interesting today. After all, the structure shows the priority of certain areas of activity of the service. Thus, today the system includes the following departments, services and departments of the FSB:

• directly the apparatus of the department;
• services of counterintelligence and protection of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation;
• economic security service;
• border, personnel services and own security;
• investigative department;
• department of military counterintelligence.

There are also other, more insignificant units that are part of the FSB. What each structural department does can be understood by analyzing the regulatory framework and other official information about the service.

Special units

FSB officers perform completely different tasks when working in various structural units of the service. However, there are units that have special goals. Such a formation is the FSB Special Purpose Center. It consists of two departments: "A" ("Alpha") and "B" ("Vympel"). Units are engaged in the performance of special tasks. For example, Alpha is an organization created to fight terrorism, free hostages and solve other important tasks. Alpha fighters often perform tasks in Chechnya, Dagestan, etc.

As for the Vympel unit, it is one of the most secret to date. Number, command and personnel controls are unknown. The activities of the organization are also shrouded in mystery. Its functioning can only be judged by rumors, according to which Vympel is used for activities abroad.

Features of the staff

Any state department of employees selects carefully. FSB officers in this case come to serve in the body as military personnel or as civilian personnel. At the same time, people who already have education in certain fields of activity are welcome in the department. In addition, there is a special academy of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation. In that educational institution prepare representatives of the officer corps for certain departments of the department.

Conclusion

So, we tried to analyze the features of such a structure as the FSB. What does this body, features of its system and personnel were also described in the article. It remains to be hoped that in the future the department will only improve in its work, since its activities are directly related to the security of Russia.

The main candidate for the post of the new head of the "K" department of the FSB was Ivan Tkachev, an employee of the Department of Internal Security of the special services. He was involved in the development of the case of the generals of the Ministry of Internal Affairs Sugrobov and Kolesnikov

FSB building in Moscow (Photo: Oleg Yakovlev / RBC)

"Banking" management

The main contender for the post of head of the K department of the FSB was the head of the 6th service of the Internal Security Department of the FSB, Ivan Tkachev, an interlocutor close to the leadership of counterintelligence told RBC, and a source in the FSB confirmed.

The appointment of Tkachev is expected in the near future, says one of RBC's interlocutors. But his candidacy has yet to be approved by FSB director Alexander Bortnikov. If the appointment goes through, for Tkachev, the transition from the post of head of the service to the post of head of the department will be "a jump through several steps at once," says a source in the security service.

The 6th service of the CSS FSB was created in 2008, it includes only 35 people, says a RBC source. Officially, the powers of this unit were not reported.

Tkachev played a key role in the case former head of the Main Directorate for Economic Security and Anti-Corruption of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, says the interlocutor of RBC in the FSB.

Sugrobov and his deputy Boris Kolesnikov were detained in 2014 on charges of provoking a bribe, abuse of office and organizing a criminal community. In June of the same year, Kolesnikov died after falling from a balcony in the building of the Investigative Committee after being interrogated.

Resignations in two departments

According to Rosbalt, the resignation letters were written by the heads of two more departments that are part of the FSB SEB structure - these are the heads of the P and T departments, which are engaged in counterintelligence support for industrial and transport enterprises, respectively.

"The leaders of all economic bloc The FSB is leaving the department. All of them have long been in place, age. But, of course, this is not the reason for the resignation. Recently, the SEB has aggravated relations with the Department of Internal Security of the FSB of the Russian Federation, scandalous stories have begun to arise that develop into criminal cases or so-called operational information. There was a rather difficult situation last summer, but then somehow the parties were "littered in the corners." It hasn’t worked out now,” a Rosbalt source in the special services said.

According to him, Oleg Feoktistov, who is now the deputy head of the department, can become the head of the CSS.

One of the key structures

The service includes seven departments: for counterintelligence support of industrial enterprises (department "P"), for counterintelligence support for transport (department "T"), for counterintelligence support of the credit and financial system (department "K"), for counterintelligence support of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Emergency Situations, Ministry of Justice (department "M"), organizational and analytical, to combat smuggling and drug trafficking (department "N") and administrative service.

Let us dwell on the department "M", which "herds" the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Emergencies and the Ministry of Justice. The guys are so secret that even the address of their office in the center of Moscow is a state secret. Although it was shown to me by ordinary sergeants from the Central Administrative District of the Central Administrative District.

After the execution by the head of the Tsaritsyno police department, Yevsyukov, of innocent people, almost two dozen generals of the Ministry of Internal Affairs lost their posts. There was also a personnel purge in the “M” department: the direct police curator, the head of the department, Nikolaev, lost his post.

But the head of department "M" Vladimir Kryuchkov, on the contrary, went on promotion and became deputy head of the organizational and inspection department. In his place, Patrushev's protégé, Alexei Dorofeev, who previously held the position of head of the FSB in Karelia, was appointed. The structure has also been changed. Previously, the "M" department was subordinate to Smirnov, now - directly to the director of the FSB Bortnikov.

fortifications

With the beginning of the 2000s, under the slogan of fighting crime, corruption and the mess, the FSB sent its career officers to various ministries, departments, and even to commercial structures- strengthen staff. What came out of this is well known: drug addiction has become a national disaster, it is better not to mention the increase in crime, and in terms of corruption, Russia has dropped to 147th place and ranks with Kenya, Syria and Bangladesh.

Of course, you can’t list all the “strengtheners”, but you can list the most noticeable ones.

Presidential Envoy to the Central Federal District Georgy Poltavchenko (served in the KGB of Leningrad), Plenipotentiary Envoy to the Volga District Grigory Rapota (since 1966 in the ranks of the KGB).

The former head of the inspection department of the FSB is now the head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs Nurgaliev, the head of the internal security department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs is a native of the KGB Draguntsov, the head of the administrative department is Chekist Maidanov.

The head of the Gosnarkokontrolya is the former head of the CSS of the FSB - Ivanov, the head of the Moscow department of this department is Chekist Davydov, the St. Petersburg department is Chekist Shesterikov, the Orenburg department is Chekist Ivanov. And this list can be continued indefinitely.

Well, the head of customs - a former KGB officer and friend of Putin Belyaninov - everyone already knows.

In addition, a whole army of undercover comrades settled in local authorities, large enterprises, state corporations, the oil and gas complex (for example, another friend of the prime minister is Mr. Tokarev), the management of state television channels, newspapers, universities and even theaters. And all this, not counting the numerous agents and anonymous people.