Pronunciation of English pronouns in Russian transcription. Understanding English pronouns - with examples and pronunciation

Pronoun instead of a name - helps to replace a noun in speech to avoid annoying repetitions. V English language as in Russian, there are several types of pronouns. Today we will talk about what these pronouns are, how they are expressed and how easy and quick to learn them. How easy is it to learn English pronouns?

Getting to know the types of pronouns in English

The first type and the most important - Personal Pronouns (personal)... This type of pronoun is the most common one in speech. Everyone, both beginners and people who have been practicing English for a long time, know simple and short words:

I - I You - you / you
He - he She - she
It is it, it is
We - we They - they

Pay attention to the suggestions:

• I am busy now. - I'm busy now.
• They are going to take their sister with them. “They're going to take their sister with them.
• We must learn English pronouns. - We have to learn English pronouns.

The same Personal Pronouns, but in the genitive and dative cases:

Me - me, me
You - you, you / you, you
Him - him, him
Her - her, her Its - him, him
Us - us, us
Them - them, them For example:

• Tell us that you are not guilty! - Tell us that you are not to blame!
• Allow them to pass, please. - Let them pass, please.
• Take me with you. - Take me with you.

Next view English pronouns- it Possessive Pronouns (possessive):

My is mine (mine, mine)
Your - yours / yours
His - his
Her - her Its - his
Our is our
Their - their

• Give me my copy-book, please. - Give me my notebook, please.
• Where is your coat? - Where is your coat?
• She is walking with her dog. - She walks with her (her) dog.

Reflexive Pronouns or reflexive pronouns look like this:

Myself - I myself / myself (myself, myself, etc.)
Yourself - you yourself
Himself - he himself
Herself - she herself
Itself - it itself
Ourselves - ourselves
Yourselves - you yourself
Themselves - themselves

• It switches itself off. - It turns off by itself.
• She does everything herself. - She does everything herself.
• You should think about yourselves. “You should think about yourself.

And finally absolute form or Absolute Pronouns which is used without nouns:

Mine is mine, mine, mine
Yours is yours
His - his
Hers - her Its - his
Ours is our
Theirs - For example:

• Do not touch this bag; it's mine! - Don't touch this bag, it's mine!
• This is our classroom; where is yours? - This is our class, and where is yours?
• My flat is on the first floor, theirs is on the last floor. - My apartment is on the first floor, and theirs on the last.

We will not dwell on each type of English pronouns in detail, because we have considered them in detail in our previous articles. We'll just focus on how to learn them quickly and efficiently.
Demonstrative pronouns in English

Learn English pronouns quickly and efficiently!

So, you've decided to master the pronouns in English, memorize them once and for all! A very correct decision, because no dialogue, no conversation can do without these words. We want to offer you several ways on how you can quickly and firmly learn all these types of English pronouns. Moreover, this can be done without interrupting work, household chores or rest.

First, make yourself such a plate, which will contain all of the above types of "substitutes" for English nouns. For example, this:

PersonalPronouns	Genitive and Dative	PossessivePronouns	ReflexivePronouns	AbsolutePronouns
I - I You - you / you He - he She - she It is it, it is We - we They - they	Me - me, me You - you, you / you, you Him - him, him Her - her, her Its - him, him Us - us, us Them - them, them	My is mine (mine, mine) Your - yours / yours His - his Her - her Its - his Our is our Their - their	Myself - I myself / myself (myself, myself, etc.) Yourself - you yourself Himself - he himself Herself - she herself Itself - it itself Ourselves - ourselves Yourselves - you yourself Themselves - themselves	Mine is mine Yours is yours His - his Hers - her Its - his Ours is our Theirs - theirs

Make several copies of this tablet, each type of pronoun individually and collectively. Fortunately, English pronouns are short words, and each type is consonant with the previous one, that is, they are similar in sound and even in spelling.

So you've made a table; now place leaflets or funny colored stickers with a sign wherever possible: on your desktop, on a bookshelf, in a work bag, in a case along with mobile phone, in the kitchen near your favorite cup, near the cupboard with utensils. Keep these pronouns in front of your eyes until you “click like seeds”.

Seeing English pronouns at every step before your eyes, just repeat them aloud several times. Also, substitute auxiliary words, with the help of which pronouns are more firmly deposited in memory: my book, his cup etc. Complicate the task, add more auxiliary words: this is our house, that is their car etc.

Call things around you with pronouns.

"Run through" English pronouns with your eyes at every opportunity and free minute: on the way to work, from work or school, at night before going to bed, etc. You yourself will not notice how your visual memory will serve you well, and you memorize pronouns in just a few days.

Anyone who has studied a foreign language at least a little is already familiar with pronouns. These words, usually short, are found in almost all sentences. "I", "You" - they are used at every step. Like a baby born in England, a foreigner first of all learns to name himself, to address other people. Then comes the time to speak in the abstract in the third person, about someone or refer to someone.

Some pronouns may not be familiar to you yet. But there are not too many of them, if you wish, you can easily master everything in one lesson. The time when they usually study pronouns in English - grade 3 comprehensive school. The task is within the power of even elementary school students, preferably with an emphasis on practical application. Adults should delve into the theory a little and get acquainted with pronouns in more detail. Should pay more attention to correct pronunciation, and practice well. The effort you put in will definitely be beneficial.

Pronouns in English

The pronoun (pronoun) - in fact, the most important part of speech, not replaced by any other. On the contrary, pronouns are often replaced by nouns, adjectives and whole phrases. This is done for the sake of brevity and simplicity, for generalization or to ask the interlocutor. Depending on the functions performed, pronouns are subdivided into groups , with which we will get acquainted further:

• personal (personal);
• possessive (posessive);
• returnable (reflexive);
• mutual (reciprocal);
• demonstrative;
• negative (negative);
• interrogative;
• undefined (negative);
• generalizing;
• quantitative.

Pronoun table in English

The table with translation and pronunciation will help you to better learn English pronouns.

Personal
Nominative case Nominative case	Objectcase Object
I - I	me - me, me, me
You - you	you - you, you, you
He - he	him - him, him, him, him
She [ʃi:] - she	her - her, her, her
It is it	its - him, him, him
We - we	us [ʌs] - us, us, us
You - you	you - you, you, you
They [ðei] - they	them [ðem] - them, them, them, them

Personal pronouns refer to specific individuals and entire groups. The object case is translated into Russian by virtually any other than the nominative. When translating creative and prepositional, the corresponding prepositions are used. For example: with me - with me, about them - about them.

Possessive(posessive)
In basic form	In aabsoluteOh
my - my, my	mine - mine, mine
your - yours, yours	yours - yours, yours
	his - his (masculine)
her - her	hers - her
	its - his (neuter)
our - our, our	ours - ours, ours
your - yours, yours	yours - yours, yours
their [ðeə] - their	theirs [ðeəz] - their

Posessive pronouns in absolute form are used in the absence of nouns. For example: your pencil - your pencil, it is yours - it is yours. Despite the tricky theoretical names, the meaning of each group of pronouns is quite simple. This designates the belonging of persons or objects.

Reflexive

myself - me, myself, myself

yourself - you, yourself, yourself

himself - him, himself, himself

herself - her, herself, herself

itself - him, himself, himself

ourselves - us, ourselves, ourselves

yourselves - you, yourself, yourself

themselves [ðem’selvz] - them, themselves, themselves

Reflexive pronouns in Russian are usually not translated in separate words , but the ending “-s”, “-sya” is added to the active verb, and it becomes back-passive. For example: she has washed herself - she washed herself, they are putting on themselves - they dress.

These pronouns in translation have the same meaning. The only difference is in the certainty or ambiguity of the expression.

Demonstrative pronouns are the same for all genera.

Interrogative pronouns are used in interrogative and affirmative sentences. Whom represents the object case of the word who .

Negative

no - no, no (also no, no)

nothing - nothing

nobody - nobody

none - nothing, nobody

no one - nobody, none

neither - neither one nor the other

neither… nor - neither one nor the other

Interrogative (interrogative)

what - what, what, what (about objects)

who - who, what, what (about faces)

whom - whom, to whom, by whom, com

which - which, which, which, which

whose - whose, whose, whose, whose

Undefined (indefinite)

some - some, some, some

something - something, something, something

somebody, someone - somebody, somebody, somebody, somebody

anybody, anyone - any, any, any (subject)

anything - any, any, any (object)

For brevity, near some is translated only in the masculine gender, but in the same way this word is used in the feminine or middle, in any number.

There are several pronunciation options. The use or omission of vowels depends on the dialect, and even on the personal preference of the speaker.

Application rules

The word I (i) is always written in capital letter. The rest of the pronouns begin with a capital letter only at the beginning of a sentence.

You are translated in Russian as "you" or "you", depending on the surrounding context. It should be borne in mind that even one person can be politely addressed “you”.

Some pronouns are used only in a specific context (like articles), or only in an indefinite one:

• other (each other);
• another (one another).

The language construction neither… nor… is used within a single sentence. After neither is mentioned one variant of denied objects, events or actions, after nor - the second variant (also with negation). Either… or is applied in the same way, but in affirmative phrases.

Examples of

– E ither I will have read book in english or in french - I will read an English or French book (but not both).

– Neither we visited London, no r you did - neither we were in London, nor you.

– No one may enter this room - no one can (have no right) to enter this room.

– Y ou had to do your homework, but had done nothing - you should have done yours homework but did nothing.

– We asked few , but they gave us too much - we asked for little, but they gave us too much.

Outcome

Full English pronoun table with transcription is useful as a reference. You don't have to look into a dictionary or use an online translator to learn how to pronounce a word correctly. It's also easy to choose the right one by looking around the list when you're having trouble finding a pronoun.

» Pronoun table in English

How important are personal pronouns in English? We can safely say that personal pronouns are the basis of any language, and even more so English.

If they weren't, even the most famous phrase I love you(Rus. I love you) could not exist! After all, two personal pronouns are already present in it: I- Me and you- you.

The pronoun is one of the most terrifying masks man has invented.

The pronoun is one of the most terrifying man-made masks

Personal pronouns in English have a lot of similarities with Russian pronouns: they also change in gender, number, and even case. But there are pitfalls to keep in mind when learning personal pronouns on your own.

Today we will tell what are the personal pronouns in English, we will give examples of sentences and reveal all the secrets of their use.

Personal pronouns in English!

Comparative table of personal pronouns in the nominative and object cases, English.

As you know from the Russian language course, personal pronouns replace a noun. These can be names of people, places or objects. Primarily, personal pronouns are used instead of a noun to avoid repetition and to make speech easier.

We usually add personal pronouns to a sentence when the noun was mentioned earlier, that is, when the reader or listener knows what is being discussed.

For instance:

Liz bought a new car two months ago. She absolutely loves it.(Rus. Liz bought the car two months ago. She's crazy about her)

In the second sentence She absolutely loves it two pronouns are used: personal pronoun she replaces proper name Liz, and the personal pronoun it used instead of a noun car .

Important!

Personal pronouns in English help to avoid repeating the same noun over and over again in the narrative.

The noun that is replaced is called antecedent(eng. antecedent). If you know the antecedent, you can always find the correct personal pronoun that agrees in numbers (singular or plural), persons (first, second or third), gender (masculine, feminine, neuter) and cases (nominative, object, ).

The main grammatical features of personal pronouns in English:

English personal pronouns have only one ( I, he, it etc.) and plural ( we, they and etc.);

Personal pronouns of the English language change by gender in the 3rd person singular: husband. ( he- he), wives. ( she-on), cf. ( it-it);

• This type of pronouns changes by person: 1st person ( I, we), 2nd person ( you), 3- person ( he, she, it, they)
• Personal pronouns in English have two cases: nominative ( he, she, we, they etc.) and object ( me, them, us and etc.).

But first things first. Let's first consider how personal pronouns change in English by persons, genders and numbers in various cases.

Personal Pronouns in English: Nominative

English personal pronouns in the nominative case are called Subject Pronouns... Word subject is translated into Russian subject, and in linguistics the term is used Subjective case(Russian subjective case).

The English subject corresponds to the Russian nominative, which answers the questions who? and what? and acts as a subject in a sentence.

Therefore, English personal pronouns in the nominative case also perform the function of a subject.

Pronouns I, we(Russian I, we) are the first person singular and plural and are used on behalf of the speakers.

Remember!

Pronoun I(Russian i) is always written with a capital letter, regardless of the place in the sentence.

Pronoun you is the second person singular and plural and corresponds to the Russian pronouns "you", "you", "you" (polite form). This pronoun is used in relation to the interlocutor or interlocutors.

Quite a large number of English learners from scratch are trying to use the English pronoun you with a singular verb, but this is not correct. Even when addressing one interlocutor, personal pronoun you always carries the characteristic of the plural.

Compare:

You are a student(Rus. You are a student.)

You are students(Russian you are students)

Pronouns he, she, it(Russian he. she, it) and they(rus. they) are representatives of the third person singular and plural.

As you probably already know, the verb in the 3rd person is singular. numbers (that is, when used with personal pronouns he, she, it) has a number of features in the formation of sentences in a number of other times.

Let's look at how personal pronouns are used in a sentence with examples.

Examples of sentences with personal pronouns in English with translation

Object case of personal pronouns in English

Object case (eng. Objective Case) in English performs functions similar to those that in Russian perform other cases, except for the nominative.

Therefore, there are quite a few options for translating personal pronouns into Russian in the object case, which you can see in the table.

Table of personal pronouns in the nominative case:

As you can see from the table, we can draw an analogy between pronoun her(object case personal pronoun she) in a sentence I see her with Russian accusative I see (who, what?) her.

Objective English personal pronouns often appear in a sentence as direct or indirect addition .

Compare:

I phoned him to congratulate him.(Rus. I called him to congratulate him), where the pronoun him is a direct addition.

She apologized to me.(Rus. She apologized to me) - where is the pronoun (to) me used with a preposition and is an indirect object

Personal pronouns with prepositions in English

An example of using personal pronouns as a subject, direct and indirect object in English

English personal pronouns in the subjective (nominative) case play the role of a subject in a sentence.

For instance:

I like your flowers.- I like your (your) flowers.

They are working in the garden.- They work in the garden.

We go to the cinema.- We're going to the cinema.

But with personal pronouns in the object case, not everything is so simple. Let's consider the main functions in the sentence of object pronouns in English, and with which Russian cases they are more similar.

• Object pronouns in English as direct addition corresponds to the accusative case in Russian (who? what?)

Don't loves me(Rus. He loves me)

Do you know him?(Russian Do you know him?)

I see her everywhere(Rus. I see her everywhere)

• Object pronouns can serve as unsolicited indirect complement and have similarities with the Russian dative case, answering the question to whom? what ?:

He have her the book(Rus. He gave her a book)

Mary told us to choose a dish(Rus. Mary told us to choose a dish)

• Sometimes English object pronouns do the role of the subject in short remarks, which is typical for spoken language, which is not entirely grammatically correct:

Who did it? - Not me! / Me(Rus. Who did it? - He me! / I)

I am feeling tired - Me too(Rus. I'm very tired. - Me too)

• Combining pronouns with preposition to corresponds to the dative case in Russian (to whom?) and performs the function indirect (indirect) complement:

Show the book to him(Rus. Show the book to him)

I sent a letter to them(Rus. I sent a letter to them)

• Combination pronoun with prepositions by and with corresponds to the instrumental case in Russian (who? what?) and is indirect addition:

This article was translated by her(Rus. This article was translated by her)

I want to go with you(rus. I want to go with you / with you)

• After the words except(Russian except) and but(except for) you should use only object pronouns:

Nobody but him helped me(Rus. Nobody, except him, helped me.)

Everyone except me went home(Rus. Everyone, except me, went home.)

Personal pronouns in English: sentences with examples

Only I can change my life. No one can do it for me. (Russian. Only I can change my life. No one can do this for me).

In this section, we will talk about the generally accepted rules for using personal pronouns in English.

When to use I and me, we and us, he and him, etc.

As we already wrote, English pronouns in the nominative case ( I, you, he, she, it, we, they) play the role of a subject.

They are usually used before a verb to indicate who is performing an action.

For instance:

Peter complained to the chef about the meal.(Rus. Peter complained to the chef about the dish.)

She wasn’t very helpful so he spoke to the manager.(Rus. She didn't help much, so he turned to the manager)

In the second sentence of the pronoun she and he indicate who directly performed the action (she did not help, he applied).

Object pronouns ( me, you, him, her, it, us, them) are additions... In a sentence, they are usually used after a verb or a preposition.

Also, they can be used as short answers, mainly in colloquial speech.

For instance:

A: Where’s the knife? I can’t find it(Rus. Where is the knife? I can't find it)

B: It is in the drawer.(Rus. He is in the box)

In the first sentence pronoun it used in the object case, and is the object on which the action is performed (I cannot find it = knife). In the second, the sentence is the same pronoun it stands in the nominative case, and is the subject (He = a knife in a box)

Examples of the use of personal pronouns in English

Subject pronoun	Russian translation	Object pronoun	Russian translation
He loves playing football.	He loves to play football.	Children love playing football with him.	Children love to play soccer with him.
They are your friends.	They are your friends.	Give the present to them.	Give the gift to them.
We are going to visit Katy at the weekend.	We're going to visit Katie this weekend.	Katy is going to visit us at the weekend.	Katie is going to visit us this weekend.
I thank you for help.	I thank you for your help.	Thank you for everything you did for me!	Thanks for everything you've done for me!
I called you yesterday but you were out.	I called you yesterday, but you weren't at home.	-Who called me? -Me. (I did)	-Who called me? -I AM.

Personal pronouns he, she, it

Personal pronouns he, she, it are representatives of the third person singular, and determine the form of the feminine, masculine and neuter.

Now in colloquial speech, you can notice the use of several pronouns, a kind of "neutral form", if the speaker is not sure about a person's belonging to a particular gender, for example: he or she, he / she, s / he, (s) he.

For instance:

The bank manager could help with your problem. He or she will probably be able to give you a loan.(Russian bank manager can help you. He or she will probably be able to give you a loan.)

It is necessary to remember some of the peculiarities of the use of the pronoun “it” in English.

Personal pronoun it defines subjects and is often translated as “he / she” in Russian. The English pronoun it denotes not only inanimate objects, but often, even animals.

Pronoun it often used in impersonal offers when the subject is missing:

evaluates an action, for example: It is important to know this(rus. It is important to know this);

indicates space and time: It is 10 km to the airport(Russian. 10 km to the airport), It is 10 o "clock now.(Russian. It's 10 o'clock now.)

• indicates the weather: It is getting dark(Rus. It gets dark)

Example sentences with pronouns he, she, it

Using it and that, it and this

Many English learners are interested in how sentences like this differ This is a pen from It is a pen since both sentences are translated This is a pen.

Usage difference this and it often they are often underestimated, since many believe that there is no difference and "you will be understood anyway." But, not everything is so simple ...

Pronoun this

when it points to a person, thing or thing in question or that is nearby or implied, or has been recently mentioned: These are my pens(rus. These are my pens)

• when it indicates what is closer or currently being investigated or discussed: This is iron and that is tin.(Rus. This is iron, otherwise it is tin)

Pronoun it used in the following cases:

when identifies an inanimate object: Took a quick look at the house and noticed it was very old(Rus. Looked at the house and noticed that it was old)

refers to a person or animal whose gender is not known or does not matter: I don "t know who it is(Rus. I do not know who it is)

• defines a group of people or objects, or an abstract entity: Beauty is everywhere and it is a source of joy.(Rus. Beauty is everywhere and it is a source of admiration)

Remember!

Definitive pronoun this is used in relation to a person or thing in question, which is implied or about which it will be further, while personal pronoun it usually refers to an inanimate thing, or is used in relation to a person, thing, idea, etc., taken in a more abstract way.

There are other special uses as well. pronouns it and that in English.

1.The pronoun this used as a definition and stands before a noun:

This cat is black(Rus. This cat is black).

Pronoun It cannot be used in this function.

2.The pronoun it used in impersonal sentences as a formal subject that is not translated:

It is dark(Rus. Dark).

If in this sentence we use this, there will be no error, but the meaning will change, since now the sentence is not impersonal, but personal, in which this will translate because it replaces the aforementioned noun: This is my room and that is yours. This (one) is dark and that (one) is not.(Rus. This is my room, and that is yours. My (this room) is dark, but your (that room) is not)

3 pronoun it can also be a substitute word for the aforementioned noun and act as a subject, and as an object:

This is a cat. This cat is black = It is black(Rus. This is a cat. This cat is black. = She is black)

I will take this (book) not that (one)(Rus. I buy this book, but not that one). The semantic emphasis on this particular book - this, and not on that - that .

I will take it.(Rus. Buy / Take), semantic emphasis on take - will take

Choice it or this v in this case depends on what the speaker is facing:

nessesary to use this if you need to point to a specific object in the field of vision or to highlight this object against the background of other "distant" objects;

• nessesary to use it, if you need to generalize without transferring the semantic load to the addition, as if we said: "everything that you already know from the previous sentence, so I will not specify."

4 the pronoun it used in amplifying sentences as a formal subject:

Roll call response: It "s me (I)(Russian I / Here / Present)

The answer to the question Who "s there? when you knock on the door: It "s me, Tom!(Russian I / This is me, Tom)

In essence, these sentences are amplifying: It is I who has been called over. It is I, Tom, who has knocked at your door.(Rus. This is me, the one you named. This is me, the one who knocked on the door.) In this function this cannot be used.

Also, one of the differences between the considered pronouns is that this introduces new information (bump), and it- known information (topic), therefore this is always translated and it- No.

One more significant difference thing is word it used in expressions related to time and weather, as well as in some stable expressions, for example:

It's five past twelve(Russian time is five minutes past one)

It often rains in our region(Rus. It often rains in our region)

It isn’t easy to believe him again(Rus. It's not easy to believe him again)

Using the pronoun they

Pronoun they used to identify people, animals and objects in plural.

Also, pronoun they refers to institutions, authorities or groups of people in general.

Example sentences with the pronoun they

Special uses of personal pronouns in English

In colloquial speech, the rules for using personal pronouns in English may not be followed. In the picture there is an inscription I do. Me too instead of I do. So do I.

Using personal pronouns in informal colloquial speech

• You and me or you and I?

Sometimes there is a difficult choice between: You and me or you and I? It seems that both options sound familiar and correct. But in fact, one option is correct (and therefore standard), and the second is grammatically incorrect, but still used in informal speech.

To determine correct option, look at which member of the sentence this combination is: subject or object:

You and I will work tomorrow

(Rus. You and I will work tomorrow)

Now take away you and we get: I will work tomorrow(Rus. I will work tomorrow) or Me will work tomorrow(rus. I will work tomorrow)

The second sentence is incorrect, because the object pronoun me cannot be a subject. However, in informal colloquial speech, one can hear You and me will work tomorrow although it is grammatically incorrect.

Another example:

They invited you and I

They invited you and me(Rus. They invited you and me)

Now let's remove the pronoun you :

They invited I(Russian. They invited me)

They invited me(Rus. They invited me)

The second sentence is correct here, because subjective pronoun I cannot be a complement.

• Personal pronouns after “Than” and “As”

The correct grammatical form is the use of personal pronouns in the nominative case, followed by an auxiliary verb:

You are taller than I am(Rus. You are higher than me)

I earn as much money as he does

However, quite often just a pronoun in the object case is used, it is just that this variant is considered typical for a colloquial, informal style:

You are taller than me(Rus. You are higher than me)

I earn as much money as him(Rus. I make as much money as he does)

• Using personal pronouns in short answers

The object pronoun cannot be a subject in a sentence, however, such use can be found after verb to be in short answers:

Who is there? - (It is) me!(Russian. Who is there? - (This is) me)

Who gave you this? - (It was) him.(Rus. Who gave it to you? - (It was) he)

• "Dropping" the personal pronoun

Sometimes, a personal pronoun next to an auxiliary verb can be omitted in colloquial speech.

Don’t know = I don’t know(Rus. I don’t understand = I don’t understand)

Just kidding = I am just kidding(Russian. Just kidding = I'm kidding)

Understand? = Do you understand?(Rus. Understood? = Do you understand?)

When are personal pronouns not used?

One of the peculiarities of personal pronouns is that they are not used after infinitive constructions if the subject and object are the same person:

This phone is easy to use (it).(Rus. This phone is easy to use.)

You are easy to understand (you).(Rus. You are easy to understand.)

But, the pronoun should be used if the impersonal pronoun it begins:

It is easy to understand you.(rus.You are easy to understand)

Videos on English Personal Pronouns

If you did not understand something in our article, we recommend watching a video about personal pronouns in English.

Video on Personal Pronouns

Instead of a conclusion:

Pronouns help to replace a person or an object, you need to be extremely careful not to confuse them, because this can confuse the listener or completely change the meaning of the sentence.

However, due to the fact that grammatically personal pronouns of English are very similar to the Russians, their study and use does not cause serious problems.

We hope that after reading this article, you will easily use personal pronouns in English!

Exercises for personal pronouns in English

Fill in the blanks with an appropriate form of personal pronoun:

Sample: Who is that woman? Why are you looking at her?

"Do you know that man?" "Yes, I work with _."

Where are the tickets? I can’t find _.

I can "t find my keys. Where are _?

We’re going out. You can come with _.

Margaret likes music. _ plays the piano.

I don’t like dogs. I'm afraid of _.

I "m talking to you. Please listen to _.

Where is Ann? I want to talk to _.

My brother has a new job. He doesn't like _ very much.

In contact with

- such a topic, without which it is impossible to explain and it is even difficult to blind the simplest English sentence... Therefore, it is worthwhile to study the whole thing a little and reinforce yourself with a couple of new words, or if you already know baseline English, you can read something new for yourself.

The author of this article didn’t want to write a lot about the whole grammar of pronouns in English in order to free your mind from unnecessary classifications and other heresies, so here is the very “meat” that is most often used in English.

Starting from the basics of the English language, let's remember what we knew or did not know, pronouns that answer the question "Who?" There are not so many of them, only 7 pieces.

№	Pronoun	Pronoun	Transcription	Pronunciation	Example
1	I AM	I		ah	I love to eat
2	You you	You		Yu	You took 5 dollars
3	We	We		vyi	We work every day
4	They	They	[ðei]	zay	They went to sleep
5	He	He		hee	He is a doctor
6	She	She	[∫i:]	shi	She likes to dance
7	He she it	It		it	It ran to the guys

In graphic format:

Let's analyze a couple of nuances:

• The pronoun "It" replaces all inanimate objects, as well as animals:

Where is the book? It is on the table. - Where is the book? She is on the table.

My cat is very funny. It runs and jumps all day long. - My cat is very funny. He runs and jumps all day.

Important: Do not replace people with the pronoun "It". For third parties, only pronouns "He", "She" and "They"!

• To the verbs that come after the pronouns "He", "She" and "It", in the present tense we add the ending "-s" or "-es" after the endings -ch, -x, -sh, -ss, -s, -o:

He love s me. - He loves me.

She open s the windows every morning. - She opens the windows every morning.

The dog like s to bark. - This dog likes to bark.

• In English, the pronoun "I - I" is always written with a capital letter.
• The pronoun "You" can be used both to refer to one person, and to refer to a group of people.
• The pronoun "You", when applied in writing, is not capitalized (unless it is at the beginning of a sentence). To express respect for another person, other phrases are used.

All these pronouns in English know how to bend. Namely, they can all answer the question “Whom? To whom?":

№	Pronoun	Who?	Pronoun	Whom? To whom?	Pronunciation	Example
1	I AM	I	me, me	me	mi	Give me money
2	You you	you	you, you	you	Yu	I love you
3	We	we	us, us	us	ace	They see us
4	They	they	them, them	them	zem	Do it for them
5	He	he	him, him	him	chem	She go to him
6	She	she	her, her	her	hyo	I left with her
7	He she it	it	him, him, her	it	it	Medicine helped it

To consolidate, let's take more detailed examples:

• I gave you the key. - I gave you the key.
• They don’t give me to train. - They don't let me train.
• Do you understand me? - You understand me?
• They will not understand us. “They won't understand us.
• I helped them. - I helped them.
• I heard that you have a new notebook. Show it me please. - I heard that you have a new laptop. Show it to me please.

Also, all these 7 basic pronouns can be inflected and answer the question "Whose?" or "Whose?":

№	Pronoun	Who?	Pronoun	Whose? Whose?	Transcription	Pronunciation
1	I AM	I	my my	my		May
2	You you	you	yours, yours	your		yoar
3	We	we	our	our	['AΩə]	ave
4	They	they	their	their	[ðεə]	zea
5	He	he	his	his		hiz
6	She	she	her	her		hyo
7	He she it	it	his her	its		its

For example (for example):

• Will i take your car? - I'll take your car?
• I bought their house yesterday. - I bought their house yesterday.
• She will finish her project tonight. - She will finish her project at night.
• The monkey did it its hands. - The monkey did it with his own hands.
• This is my friends. - These are my friends.

The note; do not confuse “It’s - it is” and its!

And let's summarize everything in the general table:

№	Pronoun (who?)	Pronoun (who? To whom?)	Pronoun (whose? Whose?)
1	I - I	me - me, me	my - mine, mine
2	You - you, you	you - you, you	your - yours, yours, yours
3	We - We	us - us, us	our - our
4	They - They	them - them, them	their - their
5	He - He	him - him, him	his - his
6	She - She	her - her, her	her - her
7	It - he, she, it (object)	it - him, him, her (subject)	its - him, her (object, animal)

Analyze this block again. We know that there are 7 basic pronouns in total that can answer the question "Who?", Or the question "Who?" To whom? ", Or to the question" Whose? Whose?". And if you have secured this material well, then we go further.

The pronoun "it" has several important functions in English:

First, we learned that the pronoun "it" is used to replace the names of all objects, animals and any other animate or inanimate phenomena. In short, everything except people!

Secondly, the pronoun "it" means either it is translated as "it". Example:

• It is very interesting - This is very interesting.
• It's Mike. Open the door! - This is Mike. Open the door!
• It's her new style. - This is her new style.
• Who is it? - Who is this?

But in the third, the pronoun "it" is not translated at all, but is used simply to say about the weather, time, state, etc. Example:

• It is frost - frost (outside).
• It is bright day - a wonderful day.
• It will be windy - It will be windy.
• It's 5 o'clock - five hours
• It’s was cool - It was cool.
• It will be very funny - It will be very fun.

In English, our basic pronouns answer the question "Whose?" or "Whose?"

№	Pronoun (whose? Whose?)	Absolute pronoun	Transcription	Pronunciation
1	my - mine, mine	mine - mine, mine		mine
2	your - yours, yours	yours - yours, yours		yoars
3	our - our	ours - our	[‘Auəz]	avez
4	their - their	theirs - theirs	[ðεəz]	zeaz
5	his - his	his - his		hiz
6	her - her	hers - her		heuze
7	its - him, her	its - him, her		its

Let's graphically represent these pronouns:

Example:

• Did you see my keys? - No, I didn’t. But mine is here. (mine instead of my keys)

Have you seen my keys? - No, but mine are here.

• Your tables are smaller than theirs. (theirs instead of their tables)

Your tables are smaller than theirs.

• Whose car is this? - It's hers. (hers instead of her car)

Whose car is this? - It is her .

Thus, this absolute form frees us from repetition of objects and indicates the owner of these very objects.

And the last important transformation of our basic pronouns is stand-alone pronouns. How, in English, is it correct to say “yourself, yourself, yourself, yourself” and show the independence of your actions? Let's take a look at:

№	Pronoun (who?)	Pronoun (self)	Transcription	Pronunciation
1	I - I	myself - myself		may-selfie
2	You - you, you (singular)	yourself - you yourself		yeah-selfie
2	You - you (plural)	yourselves - you yourself		yaw-salvz
3	We - we	ourselves - ourselves	[‘Auə’selvz]	ave-salvz
4	They - they	themselves - they themselves	[ðəm'selvz]	zam-salves
5	He - he	himself - he himself		chem-selfie
6	She - she	herself - herself		hye self
7	It - he, she, it	itself - it itself		it-selfie

Example:

• I will do it myself - I'll do it myself.
• It subsided itself - It settled by itself.
• She will not do it herself - She will not do it herself.
• Will you call her yourself? - Will you call her yourself?
• You can do it yourselves - you yourself can do it.
• They cope themselves - They can handle it on their own

There are pronouns in English that, when combined with the words "thing, one, body, where", form another series of frequently used pronouns. Consider these very pronouns:

• some - some;
• any - any;
• every - everyone;
• no - negative prefix;

All of these pronouns, in combination with the above words, generate new words:

An association	Thing	Body		Where
some	something something something	somebody anybody someone	someone anybody someone	somewhere somewhere somewhere
	anything something any	anybody anybody any	anyone anybody any	anywhere somewhere anywhere
	nothing nothing	nobody no one	no one no one	nowhere nowhere
every	everything all	everybody all	everyone each	everywhere everywhere

In this table, if you've noticed, there are some pitfalls:

1. Combinations with the pronouns some and any are translated the same way, but in the context they are used differently, since “any” means “any”, and “some” means “some”. In affirmative sentences, the pronoun "some" is almost always used,and in interrogative or negative sentences - any. For instance:

• Is anybody here? - Is anyone here?
• I feel someone was here. - I feel someone was here.
• I didn’t see anybody there. - I didn't see anyone there.

2. Transformations with "-body" and "-one" are synonymous. There is no difference, either you say "everybody" or you say "everyone". Combinations with "-one" are more modern in American English and will therefore be heard more often.

3. Here you could add the word "-time" and get a number of combinations too (sometimes, anytime, everytime, no time). But in American English, only one is used - sometimes (sometimes). For others, there are analogues:

• instead of "no time" - never - never;
• instead of "everytime" - always - always;

It is important that it is not a mistake to use any combination with "-time". It's just that they are rarely used anymore. Moreover, "everytime" is translated rather like "every time", and it is perfect for strengthening the expression:

• You clean your shoes always.
• Everytime you clean your shoes.

There are also frequently used combinations with the pronoun "any":

• anyhow - whatever you like;
• anyway - in any case, however;
• anytime - at any time;

AND simple examples with these pronouns:

• Sometimes I feel myself very good - Sometimes I feel very good;
• I know someone of you was in a club yesterday - I know that one of you was in the club yesterday;
• Nobody know about it - Nobody knows about it (in English there can be only one negation in a sentence);
• Call her and tell that I will be somewhere in the center about 8 o'clock - call her and tell her that I will be somewhere in the center at about 8 o'clock;
• Everybody rest now. Come later - Now everyone is resting. Come back later

And now let's quickly go over the small pronouns.

Meet the pronoun "each other", translated as "each other". It can be combined with prepositions:

• for each other - for each other;
• with each other - with each other;
• without each other - without each other;
• about each other - about each other;

Example:

• They do it for each other - They do it for each other.
• Will you exchange with each other? - Will you exchange with each other?
• We can’t live without each other - We can’t live without each other.
• Sometimes they tell funny stories about each other - Sometimes they tell funny stories about each other.

Pronoun	Transcription	Pronunciation
this - this	[ðɪs]	zis
that - that	[ðæt]	zet
these - these	[ði: z]	ziiis
those - those	[ðəuz]	zous

In graphic format:

Example:

• I ran this morning - I ran this morning.
• We were there that evening - We were there that evening.
• These books are ours - These books are ours.
• She went there to ask those guys - She went there to ask those guys.

That's all the foundation that should eventually be laid in each of us. The ten-minute habit of forming new English sentences using pronouns every day will dispel fear and push you to a higher level in English. Learn a little, practice a lot, and smile more often.

If you have something to add, or you want to ask something on this topic, then do not hesitate - write to us in the comments.

As you know, all parts of speech are divided into independent and service ones. As in Russian, pronouns in English belong to an independent part of speech that denotes an object or is a feature of it, but does not name persons and objects directly. These words do not name relationships and properties, do not give spatial or temporal characteristics.

Pronouns (Pronouns) in English replaces a noun, therefore they are called "in the place of the name" - He, you, it. These words can also be used instead of the adjective - Such, that, these. As in Russian and in English, there are a lot of such lexical units, but it is necessary to know and use them correctly. Therefore, we proceed directly to the study.

By its meaning, Pronouns can be classified into several groups. I suggest that you familiarize yourself with this classification and the features of each of the groups:

Personal are the most important and common pronouns. They play the role of a subject in a sentence. And the word "I (i)" always capitalized, regardless of whether it is at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence. And the pronoun you (you, you) expresses both the plural and the singular.

It should also be remembered that lexemes he (he) and she (she) used if they want to designate an animated face, and it- to denote animals, abstract concepts and inanimate objects. A "They" used both in relation to inanimate objects and animate persons.

Personal pronouns in English are inflected by case. In the case when they perform the role of the subject in the sentence, then they are in the nominative case, and when they perform the role of the complement - in the object one. In order to make it clearer for you, study the table

Face	Nominative case		Objective case
	Singular
1	I	I AM	me	me, me
2	you	you	you	you you
3	he	he	him	him, him
	she	she	her	her, her
	it	it, he, she	it	him, her, him, her
	Plural
1	we	we	us	us, us
2	you	you	you	you, you
3	they	they	them	them, them

Possessive pronouns

English possessive pronouns (Possessive) we covered in detail in the previous article. But still, let me remind you that they express belonging, have two forms - an adjective and a noun, answer the question "Whose?" and do not change in numbers. There is also a special absolute form. Take a look at the table of Possessive Pronouns declination:

pronouns
form	personal	possessive	absolute
One. number	I he she it	my his her its	mine mine his it hers her its his / her
Multiple number	we you they	our your their	ours our yours your theirs them

Demonstrative pronouns in English

Indicative (Demonstrative) or demonstrative - indicate a person or object. Demonstrative pronouns in English do not change by gender, but declined by numbers, that is, they have singular and plural forms. Wherein " this"Call the object that is next to the speaker, and the word" that»Indicates an object located at a considerable distance.

In addition, “that” in Russian can be translated as “this, this”. Demonstrative pronouns in English in a sentence can act as a subject, object, definition, or noun.

Reflexive pronouns in English

Reflexive (Reflexive) or reflexive - express a reflexive meaning, show that the action is directed at the character itself, therefore, reflexive pronouns in English in a sentence in terms of form correlates with the subject.

Their distinctive feature is that they end in "- self"In the singular or" - selves" in plural)". In Russian, this is the verbal suffix "-sya (-s)" or the pronoun "myself (myself, myself, myself)": He cut himself - He cut himself

Singular		Plural
myself		ourselves
yourself		yourselves	yourself (yourself)
himself	myself (myself)	themselves
herself
itself
oneself vaguely personal form

Indefinite pronouns in English

Indefinite (Indefinite) - one of the most numerous groups of English pronouns. Nouns and adjectives can be substituted in sentences. Indefinite pronouns in English can be conditionally divided into words, formed from "no" (no, not at all), "any" (any, a little, a little) and "some" (a little, a little).

no		any		some
noone / nobody	no one	anyone / anybody	someone / anyone, anyone	someone / somebody	someone / someone
nothing	nothing	anything	something / anything, whatever	something	something
nowhere	nowhere	anywhere	anywhere / anywhere, anywhere / anywhere	somewhere	somewhere
		anyhow	somehow / somehow, whatever	somehow	somehow / somehow
		any day / any time	whenever	some time / some day	some day

Other Indefinite Pronouns include: every, each, both, all, few, little, many, much.

Interrogative pronouns in English

Interrogative (Interrogative) - very similar to relative, but perform completely different functions in a sentence, where they are subject, adjective or complement: Who is there? - Who's there? Sometimes they can be the nominal part of the predicate. Interrogative pronouns in English they are also called "interrogative words":

• who? - who?
• which? - which the?
• whom? - whom? to whom?
• where? - where?
• what? - what?
• whose? - whose?
• when? - when?
• why? - why?

Other pronouns

We dwelt in more detail on the main and more numerous pronouns, but there are other groups of pronouns in English:

• Universal: all, both, everyone, everybody, everything, every, either, each
• Separating: another, other
• Negative: no, nobody, nothing, no one, neither, none
• Relative: that, which, whose, who