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Classical architecture, which flourished in Russia in the period from the middle of the 18th to the beginning of the 19th century, is still admired today. Many luxurious manor estates have come down to us, in this style. People with funds are still thinking about having a mansion with such an exterior. However, time does not stand still, so we suggest finding out how a neoclassical house should look like.
Differences
The Neoclassical house is a modern interpretation of the Classics. This design implies a rejection of excessive luxury in favor of comfort.
The most famous building in the world neo classic style- it The White house in Washington DC. This structure reflects the main specific traits Neoclassics:
- light colors;
- the presence of columns;
- the use of colonnades;
- high window openings;
- compliance with strict symmetry;
- etc.
Modern houses in the neoclassical style
Modern buildings in the Neoclassical style are distinguished by the use of the latest materials, as well as natural stone... The latter allows you to create a status exterior, testifying to the respectability of the owners of the house.
As for the layout, then private house in the neoclassical style, it is usually two-story, less often three-story. The ground floor houses the living room and the kitchen, while the upper floor houses the bedrooms and guest rooms.
One of the essential elements of the exterior of such structures is a portal, in front of which there may be an open terrace.
A neoclassical house can also be decorated with a variety of stucco structures. In this case, you should observe the measure. Otherwise, the decor will look clumsy and tasteless.
Neoclassical house: interior design
Interior design in the neoclassical style involves the use of both modern and traditional materials. The palm in this matter belongs to marble and other natural stones of light colors. They can be used to decorate floors and walls. In addition, when it comes to a neoclassical living room, its required element should become a fireplace. It is executed with features of antique design and is decorated with pilasters.
TO finishing materials that are suitable for neoclassical interiors also include wallpapers. They can be paper, textile or vinyl with floral designs.
An excellent choice is woven options with a tapestry pattern or with an ornament, under a gold stamping.
Furniture and decor
The use of mirrors is also characteristic of neoclassical design. They can be, for example, part of a wardrobe or used as an independent piece of furniture.
A neoclassical house should also have a well thought out one. It can include classic chandeliers and sconces, as well as modern spotlights.
“Working on this project, we not only reconstructed the house and decorated the interiors, but tried to create a kind of harmonious environment as a whole. Increased for greater comfort useful area both inside the house and outside. Also developed landscape design plot with several areas for outdoor recreation ".
In the design of the landscape, various conifers, differing in the number and length of needles, as well as in shape. They are interspersed with deciduous fruit trees, ornamental shrubs, herbs and flowers
The house is located in the village of Millennium Park near Moscow. The buildings here are typical. The cottage, which was bought by the customers - a family with two children - was a bare box, inside there were load-bearing partitions and ceilings, outside there was a controversial decor on the facades and an empty area.
The authors of the project, Yulia Mikhailova and Alexander Kutsenko, had to seriously work on the engineering, functionality, appearance buildings and grounds. The square footage was sorely lacking, therefore, on one side of the house, a block for a garage, inventory room and a large dressing room was attached, on the side of the front entrance a covered carport was equipped in case the owners or guests want to leave the car on the street.
Armchair, Christopher Guy. Dinner table, chairs, Galimberti Nino
A separate building was built on the site for the guests. There is more usable space inside too. Non-residential attic floor insulated, equipped with powerful waterproofing and turned into a spa area with a mini-pool, sauna, home theater, wine room and small kitchen... The architects have known customers for several years.
Sofas, Desiree. Side table, Christopher Guy. Chandelier, sconce, Sylcom. Desk lamp, Marioni. Portal made of large slab of Rosso marble
“We made an Art Deco apartment for this family,” says Yulia. - For the basis of the interior country house this time we took it, but in a lighter, modern version: after living in the apartment, the owners got a little tired of the too dense decor and wanted the usual style, but not so loaded. "
Kitchen, table, Aster Cucine. Chairs, Cattelan Italia. Chandelier, Sylcom
Architects abandoned gold, complex combinations of textures and textures
The walls and ceilings are decorated with plaster decor extremely delicately. Moldings, classic semi-columns and diamond-patterned panels add relief to surfaces and create a play of light and shadow. At the same time, due to the light shade of cocoa, the planes are not so active and act more as a neutral background for bright, expressive interior items.
Staircase treads and railings made of Daino Reale Light Beige Marble
Deserves special attention. The architects set up a theme park on the site. The semantic center has become a large functional, equipped summer kitchen with an open hearth, fireplace and standing on the shore of a reservoir. The pond looks especially picturesque: aquatic plants in shallow water, boardwalks, slides with waterfalls and streams.
Outwardly, the pond looks very much like a natural reservoir, but in fact it is nothing more than a pool.
A bowl is dug into the ground, equipped with a water purification system so that it does not stagnate and remains clean, unlike an ordinary pond. Not far from the house is Japanese garden stones with a bonsai composition and wooden flooring for yoga, - continues Julia. - From prying eyes, it is hidden on one side by a pergola entwined with grapes, on the other - by a hawthorn hedge.
The weeping willow hanging over the murmuring streams gives the garden a romantic mood
In the center of the plot there is a lawn framed by a composition of the type English garden... Plants are selected so that flowering does not stop throughout the season. Something faded - another bloomed. But the most important thing is color. Various shades burgundy, which dominate the interior, we used in the landscape. Against the background of greenery, they look contrasting and impressive, in the fall foliage is added to the flowers, and then the garden looks fantastic, drowning in crimson-golden tones. "
Ready-made cottage projects in the neoclassical style gracefully and naturally combine architectural classics and modernity. As a result of this unification, beautiful houses, which in Moscow and the Moscow region are included in the category of elite real estate.
1. Elements of ancient architecture
In process individual projects houses in the neoclassical style are actively used elements characteristic of antique architecture... Pilasters, columns, wide, high triangular pediments give suburban buildings elegant look and monumentality.
2. Classical stucco molding
When decorating the facades of houses built according to neoclassical projects, as a rule, calm color solutions- light olive, pearl gray, beige. An indispensable element of the facade decor is stucco molding with a simple classic pattern, which emphasizes the geometry and style of the building.
3. High base
Most neoclassical cottages are finished with granite, marble, limestone or other natural stone. The plinth significantly increases the usable area of the country house and gives the building a visual solidity.
Unity of landscape and architecture
When arranging the territory adjacent to the cottage, decorative fences, street lamps, gazebos, small fountains and sculptures in the classical style can be used. Small architectural forms unite neoclassical Vacation home and the surrounding landscape into a single whole.
The building is made in the style of neoclassicism, which is characterized by the features of antique architecture - pilasters (overhead columns adjacent to the facade), bas-reliefs with expressive details, protruding balconies-bay windows and a pediment crowning the roof.
Residential building at the address: Bolshaya Ordynka street, house 9/4, building 2 was recognized as an object cultural heritage regional significance. The building was built in 1915 by the architect Doolin Capitol (1836-1933) as a tenement house with comfortable apartments.
This building is a vivid example of a tenement house of the early twentieth century. neoclassical, which is characterized by the features of antique architecture. The central part of the building is the most artistically decorated, where the architect placed a colonnade of paired columns and pilasters of the Corinthian and Ionic order, as well as relief compositions depicting ancient characters. The composition of the main facade is completed by the decoration of the sixth floor, which is also sustained using elements of antique architecture. A classic frieze (decorative horizontal ribbon) runs along the facade, and the vertical visual axes are continued by four decorative flowerpots.
“The main facade of the building faces the red line (building border. - approx.mos.ru) Chernigovsky lane, but the house begins to be clearly visible from Pyatnitskaya street. This location formed the basis of the architect's design concept. The author successfully used the prospect of opening a small Chernigovsky lane from Pyatnitskaya street and designed one of the turns of Chernigovsky lane, building a six-story apartment building in its depths. The architect also gave the design of the building facades great importance, having completed the appearance of the main facade in the neoclassical style, where composition and proportions are kept in balance between static and movement, "said the head.
Layout indoor spaces the building on Bolshaya Ordynka is also original and once again confirms the skill of the architect: when designing the house, he took into account the small size of the land plot and took the T-shape as the basis for the configuration of the building. This made it possible to place additional window openings in the apartments and to avoid the close adjoining of the house to the neighboring multi-storey estates.
According to Alexei Yemelyanov, today the building has an almost pristine appearance both from the outside and from the inside. In the interiors, the decoration of the front and back stairs is well preserved, the steps of which are laid out of natural stone, and the decoration is presented metal bars marches with the rhythm of stylized harps, echoing antique façade motifs.
The status of a cultural heritage site of regional significance ensures the protection of the state for the building of a tenement house on Bolshaya Ordynka. It is forbidden to demolish it, the historical appearance of the building also cannot be disturbed. Any repair or restoration work is carried out only under the supervision of the Moscow City Heritage Site and after agreement with it.
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In June, the Krasheninnikovs' dwelling house, built at the beginning of the 19th century on Kozhevnicheskaya Street, was recognized as an architectural monument. The object of cultural heritage of regional significance is.
Also recently, another ensemble of the city estate of the 18th-19th centuries has become an object of cultural heritage of regional significance; it is located in. The two-storey main building of the estate, a gatehouse and a stone fence with a gate are recognized as architectural monuments.
It was built by him in 1910 on Bolshaya Sadovaya Street, 4, building 1. This was the last, third house that he built for himself and, perhaps, one of the most perfect creations of the architect in the classical style. Shekhtel built the previous mansion for his family in Ermolaevsky Lane in 1896 in the pseudo-Gothic style that was in vogue at the time. In 1910, the time came for other styles, and he builds a house in the neoclassical style. The result was an ensemble of two houses - along the red line, the owner's dwelling house, and in the courtyard there was a two-story dwelling building. Initially, a workshop with a large window was designed in the courtyard, but circumstances forced the architect to make a residential building with two 4 room apartments on the first and second floors. Together with the architect's family, his wife's sister, an employee of the Rumyantsev Museum Vera Timofeevna Zhegina, and their niece, an artist Vera Aleksandrovna Popova, began to live.
The facade of the house consists of two parts: on the left - a one-story volume with a driveway arch and a two-story right side, asymmetric in composition. Facade decor - a hymn to the Moscow Empire style early XIX century. The right side of the two-storey volume is decorated with a solemn portico of four additional Doric semi-columns, between them there is a large three-part portico window with graceful glass. This window and the living room-hall behind it are the center of the composition of the facade and the entire building, a kind of temple of arts. The idea of the eternal and absolute significance of art is declared not only in the composition, but also in the frieze with antique figures, which is located above the arch. It is very reminiscent of the frieze of the Panathenian processions of the famous Parthenon temple on the Acropolis. In the center of the composition, made according to the drawing by F.O. Shekhtel Athena Pallas. Muses of painting, sculpture, music and architecture march to it on both sides. The whole composition reminds us of the austere grandeur of post-fire Moscow. The static nature of the facade is opposed by the dynamics of the internal composition. It is built around a giant, two-story hall-living room, where exhibitions of works by the architect's children were often held. The walls here also hung the work of his artist friends. The living quarters overlooked the courtyard, which was adjacent to the courtyard of the building of the Moscow Architectural Society, headed by Shekhtel.
In this mansion, the Shekhtels were often visited by their friends, artists, writers and merchants. Vladimir Mayakovsky was friends with his son Leo and daughter Vera. Here they prepared the first collection of his poems "I", illustrations for which were done by Lev Zhegin and his friend Vasily Chekrygin, who also lived here in the Shekhtel family. This book was unique, as it was made by handicraft, not typographic way.
In 1918 the house on Bolshaya Sadovaya was nationalized, the architect and his family were evicted. Over the last eight years of his life, Shekhtel changed three addresses. The revolution had robbed him of everything. After 1917, he no longer built anything. The young republic did not need the skill of a great architect. Shekhtel was seriously ill, huddled with his wife and eldest daughter in the apartment of Vera's daughter on Malaya Dmitrovka and died of stomach cancer on July 7, 1926.
After the revolution, a large military, public and statesman Robert Petrovich Eideman. In the courtyard wing in the mid-1930s there was a workshop of the sculptor I.D. Shadra.
In the 1990s, homeless people lived in the house. They stoked the fireplace with the remains of unique furniture and wood paneling walls. The interiors of the mansion have been restored by the Strategy Foundation, which has owned the house since 1993.
