What to do if you are bitten by a tick: simple recommendations from NTV. Instructions: what to do if you are bitten by a wasp What to do if you are bitten

With such a problem as a bitten tongue, everyone faced at least once in their life. This incident can occur both at food and during conversation, in any everyday situations. Painful sensations arise quite intense at first, but they quickly pass. An ulcer often remains at the site of the bite, a slight inflammation, and they can cause inconvenience, so sometimes doctors advise you to undergo a special small course of treatment.

First Aid Principles

If the question arises, bite your tongue than to treat, then most likely the damage is quite significant. Small wounds heal quickly, as people often inflict similar microtraumas on themselves. This can happen if someone distracted from eating or other incidents occurred. Usually, by the end of the day, a person forgets about such a nuisance. But even deep damage will pass in a few days, even without going to a specialized clinic. But if the sensations are unpleasant, soreness persists, some measures can be taken to stabilize the situation.

If a child bites his tongue hard, what to do is clear - you need to immediately contact a pediatrician, the injury can have serious consequences.

If a child complains about severe pain, you can not ignore his words, immunity in children has not yet formed, it is better to exclude the penetration of infection into the body.

In addition, children are often not capable of enduring pain with sufficient self-control, it is better to take their complaints seriously, otherwise a prejudice against food may be fixed, and many parents notice a lack of appetite in their children. It is better not to exacerbate this problem artificially. Therefore, the first aid in this case is a visit to the doctor.

Often doctors are faced with such questions, biting their tongue, it hurts what to do. If a visit to the doctor is postponed for any reason, there are some steps you can take to ease the pain. It is possible that after some procedures, a visit to the doctor will not be needed.

So, the principles of treatment of tongue bite, the principles of first aid.

What fluids will help in the treatment of injury

For the oral cavity, it is solutions that are used, for the reasons indicated above. They promote rapid healing, relieve inflammation, help reduce the intensity of discomfort.

What solutions are used to treat a bite:

Alternative treatments

Some complain that they bit their tongue and a lump formed. With such consequences of an ordinary injury, it is better to consult a doctor, using the means described above for temporary disinfection.

Especially if the child complains of persistent pain, such appeals should not be ignored. If an ulcer has formed, it is also better to go to the clinic. Or try to use the recommended methods of influence.

Ice helps not only to stop the blood in the first stages after receiving damage. It also promotes rapid wound healing. You can make ice yourself using chamomile solutions or infusions of other herbs. Ice should be put in a bag or wrapped in a clean cloth and a compress made. The duration of application depends on the sensations, but removing the compress too quickly will not provide the desired effect. You can use ice as ice cream, especially if it is made with herbal infusions, that's enough. tasty dish. True, sugar should not be used. It creates a favorable environment for the growth of bacteria.

Aloe is often used for medicinal purposes. The plant will help in the case of a bite. Aloe is known for its healing and disinfecting properties. Simply cut off the sheets and attach it to the site of injury. You can also use ready-made juice for compresses.

For the treatment of such microtraumas, pharmaceutical manufacturers produce special gels and pastes. They are applied according to the instructions, the effect can be felt after a few hours. Some compresses can be done at night. On the day, you can use the remedy for 3-4 times.

Like salt, baking soda is often used to heal wounds in the mouth. You can prepare a solution of both substances or use only soda.

Chamomile ice promotes rapid wound healing

A teaspoon of the substance is dissolved in a glass of water at room temperature. Then compresses are made. The solution can also be used for rinsing.

Also used to relieve pain symptoms milk of magnesia. To ensure the restoration of immunity after an injury, which can be quite serious, you need to take vitamins.

The protective functions of the body must be fully restored in order to prevent infection or inflammation. You need to eat food rich in fiber, trace elements.

Adults are often responsible for their own injuries. One can only urge them to be more careful, not to talk during dinner, to eat slowly. It is the parents who must explain to the children the rules of communication at the table, the rules of behavior. This is done in their own interests, and not for purely educational purposes. It is necessary to observe this line and explain in an accessible way what threatens frivolous behavior at the table. But children are difficult to control at such moments, they do not always follow reasonable advice.

Some things can only be learned through practice. Therefore, you should not panic too much at the first injury. But if the damage is serious, you need to control the situation and urgently consult a doctor, not relying on self-treatment. If a visit to the clinic is impossible for any reason, first aid should be provided.

Source: www.vashyzuby.ru

First aid for a human bite: what is the danger of such a bite? What should you do if you are bitten by a person?

Is a human bite dangerous?

Start with the fact that bites humans are in fact as dangerous as the bites of numerous wild animals. Sometimes human bites are considered even more dangerous. Their main danger is based on the possibility of infection with certain infectious pathologies that the attacker suffers from. It can be either viral hepatitis or HIV infection or tuberculosis. Such bites are also dangerous because they can provoke the onset of the process of suppuration of the affected area. First aid when bitten by a person, it provides for both a thorough washing of the affected area running water, and the imposition of a sterile dressing on the wound, as well as the treatment of the affected area with such disinfectants as alcohol, iodine, brilliant green and others. If you can’t even imagine what the state of health of the person who bit you is, then immediately get a doctor’s consultation.

In terms of prevalence, human bites are in third place. The leading positions are occupied by the bites of cats and dogs. In most cases, bites are inflicted by children during a game or fight. Sometimes very significant bites are the result of love pleasures. Quite often, those people who help patients with convulsions or epileptic seizures are also bitten.

A human bite is considered to be just as dangerous as an animal bite, or even more dangerous. This fact is explained by the fact that in the oral cavity of the biter there may be an accumulation of certain viruses or bacteria. According to statistics, it is human bites that in most cases cause the development of certain infectious complications. In addition, with such a bite, it is easy to become infected with hepatitis. V and WITH or the herpes virus. The most complex and most common form of bite is considered to be " clenched fist injury”, which is the result of a fight, during which one person hits another precisely in the teeth. As a result, damaged skin of the joints of the fingers on the face. These types of wounds, as a rule, tend to become inflamed, while causing infection of the blood. Plus, with such bites, dislocations or fractures of the bones of the fingers are also very often noted.

First aid for a human bite

If you are bitten by a person and end up with skin damage, then:

• Wash the wound very well with plenty of soapy water.
• Cover the affected area with a clean cloth or handkerchief bandage to help stop the bleeding.
• Use the help of one of the disinfectants and treat the affected area. It can be either an alcohol solution of iodine, or brilliant green or hydrogen peroxide.
• Apply a bandage with a sterile bandage.
• Seek help from a specialist doctor in order to prevent the development of certain complications ( it is especially important to do this if you are one hundred percent sure that the person who bit you is sick with something).

With the onset of spring warmth, new dangers appear. Walking through forests, gardens and parks, we run the risk of being bitten by ticks. What to do with a tick bite, and what measures to take to protect yourself from infection with encephalitis?

What to do with a tick bite: first aid

If you find that you have been bitten by a tick, it is necessary as soon as possible. The fact is that the longer it sucks the blood out of your body, the more infection enters the body (of course, if the tick has it). But, since you cannot immediately understand how dangerous the tick is, you need to remove everyone, and then take the individual for analysis in a medical laboratory.

Suitable for removing ticks at home simple tweezers. Gently grab the tick at the point of suction to the body, and, scrolling, begin to pull it out.

If a tick has bitten a person, it is important to do everything carefully - try not to damage the proboscis and body of the insect. If you crush it, this can not only complicate medical tests, but also provoke hemolymph leakage, which is an additional threat of infection.

We gave tweezers as an example. There are several simple and effective methods tick removal, which you can read about in this article.

After removing the tick, be sure to treat the bite site with an alcohol-containing substance.

Not everyone succeeds in completely removing the body of the tick the first time. Much more often, the proboscis and head of the insect remain on the body. But you shouldn't be afraid of it. The greatest danger for you is precisely his belly, in which there could potentially be an infection. After you remove it, you will be dealing, in fact, with an ordinary thorn. Just take a sterile needle and remove the remaining parts of the tick.

First aid to a person with a tick bite is extremely important, it depends on the speed of removal of the insect whether there will be an infection. If for some reason you cannot remove the tick yourself, you should seek help from an emergency room or another medical institution.

After removing the tick, it must be placed in an airtight container, such as a flask. After that, the biological material of the tick must be sent to a special accredited laboratory for analysis to determine infectious agents.

If during removal you severely damaged the tick, we still recommend that you take it to the laboratory and let the doctor decide on the spot whether the tick can be examined or not.

Carrying out these tests makes it possible to find out whether the tick that bit you was a carrier of the infection or not. You can find out the addresses of organizations that accept ticks for analysis from your insurance (if any) or from a medical reference. Also, information on many cities is on our website.

If you do not have insurance, but you know who does, you can call and ask for the addresses of the laboratories. And by the way, you can also hand over a tick under this insurance :)

If for some reason it was not possible to pass a tick for analysis or you doubt the results, then after about 10 days it is worth taking blood tests for antibodies to tick-borne infections. Read more about what tests you need to take here.

Important to remember! If you have been vaccinated against encephalitis, be sure to tell the doctors before testing for antibodies, and say the date of vaccination. Otherwise, the test may give false positive results.

Do I need to put immunoglobulin?

As an emergency prevention of encephalitis, with a tick bite, a person needs to be given an injection of immunoglobulin. The drug must be administered within 72 hours, but the sooner the better. That is, you will have to decide whether to put immunoglobulin or not before you learn about the results of the tick analysis.

If you have insurance, then no doubts can arise - go to the institution with which the insurance company has concluded an agreement and give an injection.

If there is no insurance, then a significant amount will have to be paid for the injection (the cost of immunoglobulin is about 900 rubles per 10 kg of weight). And although the probability of contracting encephalitis is low (for example, in 2015 in Novosibirsk region encephalitis virus was found in 198 out of 10,181 specimens, that is, approximately 2%), it is not worth the risk.

Do I need to put immunoglobulin if you have been vaccinated? If the vaccination was delivered according to the rules, then this is not necessary, but many still, if they have insurance, give an injection for greater certainty. Just be sure to tell your doctor that you are vaccinated!

What not to do after a tick bite?

Many people still use dubious folk advice when removing ticks, not realizing that they are endangering their health. So, here are the actions that you should not take when bitten by a tick:

• First health care, if bitten by a tick, it does not require smearing the bite site with substances that are “unpleasant” for the tick. Often, nail polish, oily substances, gasoline, or nail polish remover are used for this purpose. The use of this technique is aimed at creating for the tick unfavourable conditions for life, from which he allegedly crawls out of the skin. In fact, when its life is threatened, this insect begins to inject dangerous toxins into the body of its victim, which will cause even more harm to the body.
• According to statistics, infection with encephalitis and other diseases occurs much more often when trying to “suffocate” a tick than when simply removing it with tweezers.
• Another important point, which we have already mentioned - do not crush the tick. If during removal at home, you crush it, the contents of the body, along with possible infections, will quickly enter the bloodstream.
• Don't touch the tick with your bare hands, as you risk getting infected too.
• Do not start self-treatment or prevention of any medicines. Treatment can only be prescribed by your doctor, after a tick test, as well as a blood test for antibodies.

Algorithm of actions for a tick bite

So, let's summarize and once again clarify the first aid for a tick bite:

• Remove insect. Timely first aid for a tick bite will significantly reduce the risk of infection.
• If it was not possible to completely remove the tick, use a sterile needle to remove the proboscis and head.
• After removal, be sure to treat the bite site with alcohol, iodine or any other antiseptic.
• Keep the removed tick in an airtight container and take it for analysis.
• If you have not been vaccinated, it is advisable to put immunoglobulin. Usually, handing over a tick and putting immunoglobulin is obtained in one meta.

If necessary, 10 days after the tick bite, do a blood test to detect antibodies to infections transmitted by ticks. Based on the results of these tests, your doctor may prescribe treatment for you if an infection has occurred.

The algorithm of actions for a tick bite is quite simple. I hope we have answered the question in an accessible way what to do at home if bitten by a tick? Be careful during spring walks, and do not delay the removal of the tick if the bite could not be avoided.

Chapter from DIY First Aid: If the Ambulance Slows by Dr. James Hubbard is published with the permission of the publisher.

TEST

A young woman sat on the examination couch with a scowl. At lunchtime, she went outside and saw a squirrel. She decided to feed from her hands, lured her, and she grabbed her finger. Fearing rabies, the woman went to the doctor. What should be done in such a situation?

A. Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water as soon as possible.
B. Check with your local health department which animals in your area may carry rabies.
C. Treat the squirrel like a pet, not a wild animal.
D. Don't worry too much: Healthy squirrels don't usually spread rabies to humans.

ANSWERS

A. Right. Wash the wound thoroughly. Most often, bites are dangerous not with rabies, but with a bacterial infection. Thorough washing of the wound will remove many germs and viruses, including rabies viruses.

B. Right. By calling your local health department, you have a chance to save money on a rabies shot - or find out that the risk of getting sick without a shot is too great.

B. Wrong. I can guarantee that you are aware of this. In any case, I hope so. And be sure to tell your children about this - warn them about any wild animals. They must understand that sometimes even dogs and cats behave unfriendly.

G. That's right. Rabies can be in any animal, but the disease usually makes the animal weaker. (Raccoons are one of the exceptions.) Also, when small animals get sick, they usually fall prey to larger animals quickly. In other words, the animal is unlikely to run long enough to be dangerous.

HOW TO PREVENT THE MOST SERIOUS PROBLEM

Any bite is fraught with a bacterial infection. It is clear that we are all afraid of poison, rabies and other diseases. However, most often problems arise due to infections that affect the skin and soft tissues. Therefore, it is vital to wash the bite area with soap and water and keep it clean.

Of course, bites are best avoided. So protect yourself from insects with an insect repellant like DEET or another favorite remedy like citronella oil, lemongrass oil, geranium oil, neem oil, or clove oil.

Apply insecticide-repellant to your pet as well. Wear long sleeves and high boots, with your pants tucked into your socks or left on top but wrapped around your leg to help keep out snakes and ticks. Look at your feet and do not put your hands in holes and cracks. If mosquitoes are a problem, place mosquito nets on windows, doors, or the bed.

The venomous snakes of the United States are the pit and coral snakes in a number of varieties. The pitheads have thermoreceptor pits on the sides of the head, located between the nostrils and the eyes. Their heads are triangular, and the pupils are elliptical slit-like. Common varieties of pitheads are rattlesnakes, copperheads, and water muzzles.

Coral snakes have round pupils and yellow, red and black rings on their torso. They can be confused with some types of striated king snakes, which are non-venomous (they suffocate their prey). There are ways to tell them apart, but they don't always work, so it's best to stay away from all three.

HOW TO UNDERSTAND THAT YOU HAVE BEEN BITED BY A POISONOUS SNAKE

A bite from a non-venomous snake usually leaves only a series of small scratches from its many teeth. After a bite from a poisonous snake, one to four punctures with fangs also remain (moreover, new punctures may appear on the skin a little later). Bleeding in this case is much stronger, since the fangs penetrate deeper into the skin, and the poison contributes to hemorrhage.

If poison is injected into the wound, swelling will occur in the bite area within 10-15 minutes. It is not always pronounced, but sometimes it is so strong that it completely blocks the blood circulation in the affected limb. If this happens, a small incision may need to be made (to ensure sterility) to restore the blood supply.

Other indications for a venomous snake bite:

• sharp and often burning pain shortly after the bite;
• metallic taste in the mouth or numbness of the tongue;
• tingling sensation or sweating.

Tingling and sweating can also be triggered by hyperventilation due to anxiety. If you are not sure about the cause, slow your breathing or breathe into a paper bag for one to two minutes. This usually relieves the symptoms caused by anxiety - but not the poison.

HELP

If you were bitten by a snake and you are not sure that it was non-venomous, you need emergency medical assistance: the action of snake venom is well blocked only by anti-snake serum.

True, the need for serum is not always there. In about 20% of cases, a venomous snake does not inject venom into the wound at all, and only in 20% of cases injects in such quantities that there is a danger to life. Nevertheless, it’s still not worth sitting idly by: if a serum is needed, its quick introduction can save a life.

Knowing which snake has bitten is helpful: it will help doctors (if you can get hold of them) determine if a serum is needed, but don't spend a lot of time looking and finding out.

And remember that even a dead snake can bite: Snakes are capable of striking half the length of their body, and their shock reflex can persist for up to 90 minutes after death (and even after decapitation). A good compromise is to quickly photograph the snake. Just don't roam tall grass looking for an offender.

Consider how much effort it will take to get medical help. On the one hand, physical activity can contribute to the spread of poison throughout the body. On the other hand, if there is a need for serum, it would be good to get it.

If you have a long journey ahead of you, consider air travel. In the meantime, you can stop the spread of the poison by applying an elastic bandage, but not a tourniquet! Experts assess the effectiveness of this measure in different ways - there is a version that an elastic bandage, by holding the poison in one place, thereby increases its concentration and increases the risk of tissue damage. If you go for this step, wrap the bandage tightly, and cover the entire limb with it. Check the bandage regularly and loosen if it interferes with blood flow (if you can't feel a pulse in your wrist or leg).

By immobilizing the muscles, you further stop the spread of the poison. Therefore, if the leg is bitten, apply a splint, and if the hand is bitten, make a scarf bandage. This will at least stop the muscles near the wound from pumping the poison into the rest of the body until you get medical attention and access to the serum.

Another thing is if medical care is not available, then you need to act differently:

• Sit or lie down depending on the symptoms. If you experience dizziness or lightheadedness, this may indicate a decrease in blood pressure. At the same time, shortness of breath can provoke pulmonary edema, which can be alleviated by taking a sitting position. In general, take the position in which you are most comfortable.
• Keep the bite area at the same level as the heart. If it is placed lower, it will contribute to swelling, and if it is higher, it will increase the flow of poison to other parts of the body.
• Take pain medication if you have it.
• Drink as much as you can. When bitten by poisonous snakes, hemorrhage in the tissue is fraught with severe dehydration. In addition, blood vessels begin to bleed, which contributes to dehydration. If it is possible to give intravenous fluids, use it.
• Wash the wound and keep it clean.

This video explains why snake venom can and should be sucked out:

Snake bites can cause allergies:

Snake venom, like the venom of bees, spiders, ants, and other animals, can cause an allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. Its symptoms - shortness of breath, rash, lightheadedness - appear within seconds or minutes after the bite, followed by serious breathing difficulties, shock, loss of consciousness and even cardiac arrest. Whatever the reason, an urgent injection of adrenaline is needed (for example, epinephrine or "Epi-Pen" - some allergy sufferers carry this medicine with them). And, of course, emergency medical care is required, if available.

WHAT NOT TO DO

• Do not apply a tourniquet. By stopping the circulation of blood, you create a threat to the tissues. In addition, if you completely concentrate the poison in one place, and then loosen the tourniquet, there will be a sharp release of poison into the body. This is more dangerous than when the poison spreads slowly.

SPIDER BITES

In the United States, there are three types of spiders that are dangerous to humans: the brown recluse, the American stray, and the black widow. Often the culprit goes unnoticed, and the only evidence of a bite is the action of the poison, and each poison has a specific effect: it is clear from the symptoms which spider bit.

Brown recluse spiders love solitude. They hide under rarely used boxes, sheets on the bed, and in general under everything that has not been touched for at least a few hours. At first, the bite causes little or no pain. Only after a few hours does severe itching begin.

signs

The first sign of a brown recluse bite is a painful black dot where the venom kills skin tissue. It can occur in a few minutes, and a few hours after the bite. There is a chance that the bite will not cause you much harm, but sometimes the tissue lesion becomes deeper and wider, up to 10 cm in diameter. The temperature may rise and general well-being may worsen.

Complications

Gradually the dead skin will flake off. If the lesion is deep, the wound may not heal for weeks. As with any wound, there is a risk of infection. Some wounds are so severe that they leave visible scars. In some cases, a skin graft is required.

Treatment

Pain can be relieved with cold compresses. If you apply ice, make sure it is wrapped in a cloth and removed every 10 minutes to avoid hypothermia. Sometimes the pain is quite severe, in which case you can take a painkiller.

Cleanse the wound once or twice a day. If dirt can get into it, apply a bandage. Just don't try to remove the thick and dark scabs of dead skin. Let it exfoliate itself: so you do not damage the healthy skin nearby. If there are signs of infection, antibiotics may be needed.

AMERICAN WAY SPIDER

The bite of the American stray spider is similar to that of the brown recluse, but usually causes less, if any, damage to the skin. It is not easy to identify this spider: its appearance is different. If your skin is damaged, you find a spider and it's not a brown recluse spider, then most likely you were bitten by an American vagrant spider. The treatment is similar.

BLACK WIDOW

The black widow often lives under parapets, porches and woodpile.

signs

A black widow bite feels like a slight burn or needle prick, or not at all. Skin damage is usually minimal. Sometimes only the marks of two tiny fangs indicate a bite - if you can find them.

After some time (from several minutes to several hours), severe muscle pains and cramps begin in the abdominal cavity, limbs, chest and back. If you do not suspect a bite, you may not recognize the cause of the symptoms. Moreover, the consequences of such a bite are easily confused with a heart attack, appendicitis and other serious problems. In case of the slightest suspicion, consult a doctor immediately.

Sometimes the pressure is very high. Nausea, vomiting, and sweating are also possible. Convulsions and even death occur, but rarely. These bites are less well tolerated by children and the elderly.

Antitoxic serum: pros and cons

When people talk about "antidotes" and "antitoxic serums", they mean medicines containing antibodies against certain poisons. Serum - a kind of chemical special forces that neutralize toxins. It cannot repair the damage already done to the body, but it prevents further damage. The earlier it is administered, the less the risk that the poison will have time to hit the organs. So why not give it to anyone bitten by spiders or snakes?

• It can cause a sudden and deadly allergic reaction - anaphylactic shock or a serum reaction. The latter means fever and soreness for several weeks.
• It may be difficult to get it. This has been the case in Florida since 2013 with a serum against coral snake venom. The bite of a coral snake is deadly, and therefore the serum was administered to all bitten. However, it becomes increasingly difficult to capture enough snakes to "milk" them and take the venom for the serum.
• She is very expensive. The amount can be in the tens of thousands of dollars.

However, the serum can save your life. After a bite, it is best to contact a medical facility immediately. You will be examined and if there are signs of serious damage, a serum will be injected.

Help

Cold compresses on the bite site will help relieve the pain. For this purpose, muscle relaxants, painkillers and warm baths for the site of cramps are also indicated. The pain usually ends within a few days. Sometimes they give serum - most often to children and the elderly.

MAMMALIAN BITES

An animal bite can damage not only the skin, but also muscles, blood vessels, nerves, and even bones. Bruising may occur. In addition, when biting, germs always get into the wound, so it must at least be disinfected. Do the same as with stab wounds.

In medical settings, wounds from such bites are usually not closed, unless they are too extensive. But even in these cases, the doctor's decision is subjective, since when the wound is closed, the risk of infection increases.

In general, the larger the animal and the more powerful its jaws, the more tissue damage and the greater the risk of infection. However, there are some exceptions. For any bite, it is advisable to seek medical attention.

CAT BITS

Cats have very sharp teeth that penetrate deep into the skin without causing much external damage. A cat's mouth usually contains a nasty bacterium called Pasteurella multocida, which can cause a quick and dangerous infection. The sooner you start taking antibiotics, the better. Oral antibiotics that help with Pasteurella multocida include amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin, Amoxiclav), cefprozil (Cefzil), cefuroxime (Ceftin) and azithromycin (Sumamed, Azitrox, Zitromax ").

BITES IN THE ARM

There are many small veins and muscles on the hand, in addition, less blood enters the hand compared to other parts of the body to help fight infection. Therefore, whatever the size of the animal, a bite to the hand is fraught with serious infection.

Thoroughly disinfect the wound and start antibiotics if available. The antibiotics listed in the previous section are good for both staph infections and cat bite infections. But, as with any infection, they may or may not work.

BITES OF RADIAN ANIMALS

Cases of rabies in the United States are rare - but they do occur, and this disease is fatal and incurable. There is a rabies vaccine, but it must be given before symptoms appear. It makes sense to vaccinate against rabies in advance for animal trainers, speleologists and travelers traveling to countries where rabies is common. In this case, the vaccine is administered three times. People usually don't worry until they get bitten by a suspicious animal. Symptoms can appear both a few days and a month after the bite. Their appearance means that you have been waiting too long.

If you have been bitten, contact a medical facility, animal control department, or shelter and try to find out if an animal of this species may be infected with rabies in your area. If there is such a risk, it is necessary to be vaccinated against rabies. If the animal can be captured, it is a good idea to isolate it for 10 days to see if it shows signs of rabies. Just do not try to catch it yourself: you risk getting an additional infection.

Bites are always dangerous bats. In some regions, rabies is common among raccoons, foxes and skunks. There are even cases of rabies in rabbits. As far as pets are concerned, unvaccinated cats are more dangerous, but unvaccinated dogs and ferrets should also be avoided.

Help

If the wound is washed and disinfected, this will significantly reduce the risk of rabies infection. Rinse very thoroughly and intensively. The following fluids should be used for flushing (listed in descending order of preference):

• povidone-iodine ("Betadine");
• 2% benzalkonium chloride;
• soapy water;
• pure water.

These substances have been proven to eliminate most rabies pathogens and significantly reduce the risk of infection.

If you need to bury an animal that may have died of rabies and specialist assistance is not available, you will need a mask, gloves, and a shovel with which you will take the animal. If possible, wear a waterproof apron, goggles, and a mask. Thoroughly spray the corpse with a 10% (or even more concentrated) solution of chlorine in water. Dig a grave at least half a meter deep so that other animals do not dig it up. If you have polyethylene, cover the animal with it before throwing dirt on top.

What is insidious rabies of bats

Bats are very useful. They eat tons of insects. However, some bats are infected with rabies. Sometimes people become infected with rabies from them even when, it would seem, there were no bites or scratches. The fact is that the small and very sharp teeth of these creatures are able to pierce the skin without leaving a noticeable wound on it.

Therefore, if you have been exposed to bats (say, one of them touched you, or you slept in the same room with a bat), get vaccinated against rabies. There have been cases when people in similar circumstances became infected with rabies without noticing a tiny wound.

BEES, WAS AND FIRE ANTS

Bees, wasps, and fire ants inject venom that can cause deadly allergic reactions - even if you've never had an allergy before. The bee may leave its barbed stinger and venom sac in the wound, which will continue to exude venom even in the absence of the insect. Remove the stinger as quickly as possible. The wasp sting has no notches - the wasps fly away, taking the sting with them.

Here are some remedies that can relieve pain and itching from bites:

• Cold compress (just remember to wrap the ice in a cloth). Instead of ice, you can take another cold object - for example, a bag of frozen vegetables or an aluminum can of soft drink. Remember that after 10 minutes the compress must be removed.
• gruel from baking soda with water
• Cloth soaked in vinegar
• Baking soda slurry with vinegar
• Wet tobacco.

It is usually not necessary to take medicines by mouth. The exception is the following cases: redness and itching intensify; many bites; there is swelling or urticaria; I've had allergic reactions before. In these situations, you can drink an antihistamine for several days - for example, diphenhydramine, "Suprastin" or one that "does not cause drowsiness" ("Claritin", "Zirtek"). A steroid like prednisone will also work.

Disinfect the bite site and keep it clean to prevent infection. Fire ants often leave liquid blisters - don't touch them, just keep them clean.

ANAPHYLAXIS

Anaphylaxis is a deadly allergic reaction. It can also occur after the bite of an insect, spider, snake and other animals. It can also be caused by drugs or food. Generally speaking, almost anything can cause a severe allergic reaction in a person.

SIGNS

These symptoms may occur some time (from a few minutes to two hours) after exposure to the allergen:

• hives or blisters anywhere on the body;
• swelling of the face, tongue, throat;
• labored breathing;
• loss of consciousness due to low blood pressure;
• tingling in the arms and legs, or a strange taste in the mouth.

HELP

With an anaphylactic reaction, the patient needs urgent help.

• call immediately ambulance, if possible.
• Enter epinephrine (epinephrine); for this, the prescription drug "EpiPen" is dispensed. Nothing helps with an anaphylactic reaction better than adrenaline. Anaphylaxis is possible even in cases where such a reaction has not been observed before. Therefore, consult your doctor - perhaps he will write you a prescription for EpiPen for emergency cases.
• Take a supine position. With an anaphylactic reaction, blood pressure drops, and if you lie down, it will increase blood flow to the head and heart.
• An antihistamine drug - for example, diphenhydramine ("Benadryl", diphenhydramine), "Suprastin", "Tavegil" - does not always help, but if there is no doctor nearby, then it's worth a try. Another option is a steroid (prednisone, Dexasone, hydrocortisone). If possible, use both.
• If breathing is difficult, try inhaled albuterol (salbutamol), which is often prescribed for asthmatics.
• If you have previously had an allergic reaction to a bite, you should consult an allergist and get tested: it is possible that a series of injections will reduce the allergy and the strength of the next reaction. This is a very useful preventive measure. Don't put it off.

What to do if the temperature rises after a tick bite

What to do if redness appears on the skin after a tick bite?

What to do if a tick has bitten, how to remove it correctly, what to do to prevent tick bites - video

Tick ​​bite: how to remove (methods), symptoms of tick-borne encephalitis and borreliosis after a tick bite, prevention - video

Ticks that are found in the territories of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, as well as the countries of Eastern and Western Europe, can stick to the skin of a person of any age and gender in order to obtain blood. Fresh human blood is necessary for ticks to start the breeding cycle, so these insects literally cannot do without people. In this sense, ticks are similar to mosquitoes, which also require human blood in order to reproduce.

but tick bites, unlike most mosquitoes, is not harmless, since these insects are carriers of several dangerous infectious diseases. Therefore, after a bite, it is necessary to take a number of actions aimed at preventing the development of serious infectious diseases with which the tick could infect a person.

In Russia, Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine, Western and Eastern Europe and USA ticks are carriers and, accordingly, when bite can infect humans with the following infections:

• Tick-borne encephalitis;
• Borreliosis (Lyme disease);
• Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever;
• Omsk hemorrhagic fever;
• Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.

Most often, ticks are carriers of tick-borne encephalitis and borreliosis, since these infections are common in the territories of almost all countries of Europe, the Asian part of Russia and the USA. That is why the main attention is paid to the prevention of these infections after tick bites.

The remaining infections (hemorrhagic fevers) are common only in certain regions, so you can get infected if a person is bitten by a tick that lives in the area. And since ticks do not leave their habitat, moreover, they practically do not budge throughout their lives, often spending it on the same bush, it is possible to become infected with hemorrhagic fevers only if they bite a tick located in a region with prevalence of these infections. Accordingly, the person himself must also be in a region where hemorrhagic fevers carried by local ticks are common.

So, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever distributed only in the Crimea, on the Taman Peninsula, in the Rostov Region, South Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Bulgaria. Omsk hemorrhagic fever distributed in the territories of Omsk, Novosibirsk, Kurgan, Tyumen and Orenburg regions. Also, sometimes ticks-carriers of Omsk hemorrhagic fever are found on the territory of Northern Kazakhstan, Altai and Krasnoyarsk regions. reservoir of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is located in all countries of Europe and Asia, but the infection is recorded only in the form of episodic outbreaks and isolated cases of infection.

So, since ticks can infect a person with dangerous infections, let's consider the algorithms of actions that need to be taken in different situations after being bitten by this insect.

What should I do if bitten by a tick?

Algorithm of actions if bitten by a tick

Regardless of who was bitten by the tick (child, woman, man, elderly person), it is necessary to perform the following manipulations upon detection of this fact:
1. Remove a tick with any accessible way(see sections below);
2. Treat the place where the tick is sucked with an antiseptic (iodine, alcohol, brilliant green, Chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, etc.);
3. Place the tick in a closed container and, if possible, take it for analysis to determine whether it is a carrier of infections;
4. Take tests for borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis to determine whether infection occurred after a tick bite;
5. Take prophylactic medications, the action of which is aimed at the rapid suppression of an infectious disease transmitted to a person by a tick;
6. Monitor your own condition for a month after a tick bite.

When bitten by a tick, be sure to remove the insect as soon as possible and treat the place of its suction to the skin. The remaining points of the algorithm can be omitted, with the exception of monitoring your own state for a month. If any signs of illness appear within 30 days of being bitten by a tick, a doctor should be consulted as this may be a symptom of a tick-borne infection that needs to be treated.

After removing the tick from the skin, it is advisable to place it in a closed container only if it can be transported to a specialized laboratory for research within a maximum of 24 hours. Such laboratories are usually located in infectious disease hospitals. However, since in many cities and countries of Europe, ticks, in principle, are not examined for whether they are carriers of infections, but rather they monitor the condition of people after a bite, and in most cases it makes no sense to pack an insect in a container.

In general, determining whether a tick is a vector of infection is not necessary, but only for early detection. exact definition subsequent tactics of behavior of a bitten person. So, if the tick is "clean", that is, it is not a carrier of infections, then a person can forever forget about the bite, since it does not bear any consequences. If the tick is a carrier of infections, then this does not mean that it has necessarily infected a person and he needs to wait for the development of the disease. Indeed, in 80% of cases, the bite of an infected tick does not lead to human infection. Therefore, if a person has been bitten by an infected tick, it is necessary to monitor his condition for a month and, if possible, take blood tests to determine whether an infection has occurred. That is, the analysis of the tick allows the person himself to adhere to the correct tactics and be prepared for a possible disease, and not rely on "maybe".

A more rational (compared to taking a tick to the laboratory) tactic of behavior after a bite is to take blood tests to find out if the insect has infected a person with any infection. However, you do not need to immediately donate blood, since the tests will be uninformative. Not earlier than 10 days after the bite, you can donate blood for the detection of tick-borne encephalitis and borreliosis by PCR. If the analysis is carried out by ELISA or Western blotting (immunoblotting), then to detect tick-borne encephalitis, blood should be taken only two weeks after the bite, and borreliosis - after 4 to 5 weeks.

During PCR, the presence of the pathogen in the blood is detected, therefore this analysis is very accurate. And in the course of ELISA and Western blotting, antibodies of the IgM type against the tick-borne encephalitis virus and the causative agent of borreliosis are detected. The ELISA method is inaccurate because of the high percentage of false positive results. Western blotting is reliable and accurate, but is performed mainly only in private laboratories located in large cities, as a result of which it is not available to every person who has been bitten by a tick.

If the results of any analysis (PCR, ELISA, Western blotting) are positive, then this means that the tick has infected the person with the infection. In this case, you must immediately undergo a course of treatment that will allow you to cure the disease at an early stage.

You can not take tests, but immediately after the bite, carry out preventive treatment against tick-borne encephalitis and borreliosis by taking medications. Such treatment in most cases prevents the development of infection, and the person does not get sick, even if the tick has infected him.

Despite the temptation to carry out prophylactic treatment immediately after the bite in order to protect yourself from the development of infection, if an infection has occurred, you should not do this. Doctors and scientists consider the following tactics of behavior after a tick bite to be the most optimal and justified:
1. Pull the tick out of the skin.
2. On the 11th day after the bite, donate blood for the detection of tick-borne encephalitis and borreliosis by PCR.

If the PCR result is positive for any one or both infections, then drugs should be started to prevent the full development of the disease and cure it at the stage of the incubation period. To prevent borreliosis, antibiotics are taken Doxycycline + Ceftriaxone, and encephalitis - Yodantipyrin or Anaferon. If the result is positive for both infections, then antibiotics and Jodantipyrin are taken simultaneously for prophylactic treatment.

If the PCR result is negative, then 2 weeks after the tick bite, blood should be donated to detect tick-borne encephalitis by ELISA or Western blotting. Then, after 4 weeks, re-donate blood for the detection of borreliosis by ELISA or Western blotting. Accordingly, upon receipt of a positive test result, antibiotics or Yodantipyrin should be taken, depending on which infection was detected (encephalitis or borreliosis).

Taking antibiotics and Jodantipyrin immediately after a tick bite without testing is justified only in cases where the incident occurred far from civilization (for example, a hike, bike ride, etc.) and it is impossible to get to medical laboratories. In this case, to prevent infection with encephalitis and borreliosis, it is necessary to take both antibiotics and Yodantipyrin, since it is not known which infection the tick is the carrier of.

General rules for tick removal

If a person of any age and gender is bitten by a tick, then first of all it is necessary to remove the insect as soon as possible, since the longer it is on the skin, the higher the likelihood of infection infectious diseases. It is necessary to remove the tick from any place on the body, and observing a certain technique, since the insect sticks very tightly to the skin with the help of a proboscis with peculiar processes. These appendages make the tick's proboscis look like a harpoon, so simply pulling the insect out of the skin will not work (see Figure 1).

Picture 1- Proboscis of a tick in the skin.

In order to remove it, you can not drip oil, glue, milk on the tick, close it with a jar and perform any other actions aimed at clogging the insect's spiracles located on the back of its body. The fact is that when closing the spiracles, the tick cannot breathe normally, and this makes it aggressive, as a result of which it splashes its saliva into the blood very intensively and in large quantities. Namely, saliva contains infectious agents that the tick carries. Thus, blockage of the tick's spiracles increases the risk of human infection with encephalitis or borreliosis.

You can remove the tick with your hands, tweezers, thick thread or special devices domestic or imported (Tick Twister, The Tick Key, Ticked-Off, Antiklesch), which are sold in pharmacies or in Medtekhnika stores. These devices have different shape and methods of application, therefore it is recommended to choose the optimal variety in Medtekhnika and use it as needed. Such devices for removing ticks should be bought in advance and carried with you on various trips to nature. If there are no devices, then you need to remove the tick with the usual improvised means, such as tweezers, thread, or your own fingers.

Regardless of how the tick is removed, you should not touch the insect with your bare hands. This is due to the fact that when removed, the tick can be damaged and then its contents intestinal tract gets on the skin, from which it can penetrate into the systemic circulation, if there are any small wounds invisible to the naked eye on it. That is, by removing a tick with bare hands, a person increases the risk of contracting various infections. That is why, before removing the insect, it is necessary to put rubber gloves on your hands. If there are no gloves, then you can simply wrap your hands with a regular bandage or a clean cloth. Only by protecting your hands in this way, you can begin to remove the tick from the skin.

After removing the tick, it is necessary to disinfect the wound by treating it with any available antiseptic, for example, iodine, Chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, calendula tincture or alcohol. It is optimal to treat the wound left by the tick with alcohol or iodine. After treatment, the skin is left without a bandage. If a person wants to take a tick for analysis to determine whether it is a carrier of any infection, then the insect must be placed in a jar along with a piece of cotton wool moistened with water, close the container and store in the refrigerator. If a person does not want to give the tick for analysis, then the removed insect can simply be burned in the flame of a match, lighter or fire, or crushed with shoes.

Consider how to properly remove a tick in various ways.

Removing a tick with the Tick Twister

This device is the best for removing ticks for two main reasons. Firstly, Tick Twister allows in 98% of cases to completely remove the tick without tearing it and leaving, thus, the head of the insect in the skin. This is a very important advantage, since the head remaining in the skin will have to be removed with a needle, like a splinter, which is quite painful and unpleasant. In addition, the head of the tick remaining in the skin is a source of pathogenic microbes that the insect carries. And, accordingly, the head of the tick located in the skin continues to be a source of infection for humans.

Secondly, the use of Tick Twister avoids pressure on the tick's digestive tract, as a result of which there is no risk of expelling a large amount of insect saliva containing infectious agents. When using tweezers, thread or fingers, there is often strong pressure on the digestive tract of the tick, as a result of which it squirts into the skin a large number of saliva, which contains pathogens of tick-borne infections. Accordingly, such salivation increases the risk of contracting an infection, if this has not already happened.

In addition, the Tick Twister is very comfortable to use and does not cause any pain during the removal of the tick.

Using the Tick Twister is very simple: you need to grab the tick between the teeth of the device, then turn it around its axis counterclockwise 3-5 times and gently pull it towards you (see Figure 2). After several turns counterclockwise, the tick is easily pulled out of the skin. After removing the tick, the place of its suction is treated with iodine or alcohol.

Figure 2– Rules for using the Tick Twister Tick Extractor.

Rules for removing a tick with The Tick Key

This device allows in most cases to successfully remove the tick without tearing it apart, and also without putting pressure on its digestive tract, preventing the release of saliva into the blood. However, The Tick Key is somewhat worse in its characteristics than Tick Twister, since it is inconvenient to use on some hard-to-reach areas of the body, such as inguinal and axillary folds, the area under the breasts in women, etc.

Using The Tick Key to remove a tick follows three steps (see Figure 3):
1. Put the device on the skin so that the tick is inside the large hole;
2. Move The Tick Key without lifting it from the surface of the skin, so that the tick gets into a small hole;
3. Turn The Tick Key counterclockwise 3-5 times, then pull the tick towards you.

After removing the tick, the place of its suction is treated with iodine or alcohol.

Figure 3– Rules for using The Tick Key to remove a tick.

Removing a Tick with the Ticked-Off Tool

The Ticked-Off device is as convenient and practical as the Tick Twister, however, unfortunately, in most cases it can only be bought in the CIS countries through online stores.

Ticked-Off to remove a tick should be used as follows: place the spoon vertically against the skin, then push the protruding part of the tick into the hollow. Having fixed the tick in this way, you should turn the device 3-5 times around its axis counterclockwise, after which it is easy to pull it towards you (see Figure 4). After removing the tick, the place of its suction is treated with iodine or alcohol.

Figure 4– Rules for using Ticked-Off to remove a tick.

Rules for removing a tick using the Anti-tick device

The anti-mite is a special wire tweezers (see Figure 5), which allows you to securely grab the tick and, at the same time, not put pressure on its digestive tract, which ensures quick, efficient and safe removal of the insect from the skin.

Figure 5- Adaptation Antiklesch.

To remove a tick with the Anti-tick device, it is necessary to capture the insect as close to the surface of the skin as possible. To do this, you need to press the thumb and forefinger on the middle of the tweezers to spread its tips to the sides and place them in such a way that the head of the tick is between them. Then you should stop the pressure on the middle of the tweezers, allowing its tips to close around the tick. After that, it is necessary to turn the device 3 - 5 times counterclockwise around its axis and easily pull it towards you.

After removing the tick, it is necessary to treat the place of its suction with iodine or alcohol.

Rules for removing a tick with tweezers

In order to remove a tick with tweezers, you need to grab it by closing the tips of the tool as close to the surface of the skin as possible. Then, holding the tick in the grip, it is necessary to turn it around its axis counterclockwise 3-5 times. After that, you need to easily pull the insect towards you, which should easily come out of the wound. If the tick cannot be pulled out, then you should turn it counterclockwise a few more times and pull it again. After removing the tick, the place of its suction must be treated with iodine or alcohol.

Rules for removing a tick with a thread

First, you should slightly press your fingers on the skin in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe sucked tick, as if trying to squeeze out a pimple. After that, take a strong thread 15 - 30 cm long and make a loop in the middle with a diameter of 2 - 3 cm. Then put the loop on the skin so that the tick gets into it. Tighten the loop firmly, connect both ends of the thread into one and start twisting your fingers counterclockwise. When the thread is tightly twisted, you should pull it towards you, and the tick will easily be removed from the wound (Figure 6). Treat the wound remaining in place of the tick with iodine or alcohol.

Figure 6- Removing a tick with a thread.

Rules for removing a tick with your fingers

Put gloves on your hands, or cover your fingers with several layers of bandage or a clean cloth. Then, with protected fingers, grab the tick and turn it around its axis counterclockwise 3-5 times. After that, pull the tick towards you, and it will easily be removed from the wound. Treat the place of tick suction with iodine or alcohol.

Rules for removing tick residue from the wound

If it was not possible to completely remove the tick, and any parts of its body remained in the skin (most often the head with a proboscis), then they must be pulled out. If the remnants of the tick are not pulled out, then an abscess may form on the skin or there will be a long-term inflammation that does not go away until the body parts of the insect come out on their own.

Removing the remnants of the tick from the wound is done in the same way as a splinter is removed, that is, with a needle. The needle is pre-sterilized by treating it with hydrogen peroxide, alcohol or holding it in a flame for 1 to 2 minutes. Then, with a sterilized needle, the remnants of the tick are taken out of the wound and treated with iodine or alcohol.

How and how to treat the site of a tick bite?

After the tick has been removed from the skin, it is necessary to treat this place with any antiseptic. Alcohol and iodine are best suited for this purpose, but you can use hydrogen peroxide, Chlorhexidine, and brilliant green, etc. Any available antiseptic is poured onto a piece of clean cotton wool and generously lubricated with it on the wound left after the tick was removed. After this treatment, the skin is left open and no bandage is applied.

At the site of a tick bite, redness, swelling and itching may persist for 3 weeks. In this case, it is recommended to lubricate the inflamed area daily with iodine and calendula tincture, and take any antihistamine drug inside (for example, Erius, Telfast, Suprastin, Fenistil, Tsetrin, etc.).

How to transport the tick to the laboratory for analysis?

To transport a tick to the laboratory, it is necessary to place the live insect in a container that can be sealed tightly, such as a jar with a lid, etc. In a container with a tick, be sure to put a small piece of cotton wool moistened with water. Until the moment of transportation, the container with the tick must be kept in the refrigerator. Remember that only a live tick is suitable for analysis, so if the insect died during removal from the skin, then it does not make sense to transport it to the laboratory.

How and what tests to take after a tick bite to detect tick-borne encephalitis and borreliosis at the stage of the incubation period?

Currently, to determine whether a tick has infected a person with encephalitis or borreliosis, the following blood tests are performed:

• Venous blood to determine the presence of tick-borne encephalitis virus and Borrelia by PCR (the analysis is taken no earlier than 11 days from the moment of the bite, since before that it is not informative).
• Venous blood for the determination of antibodies to the tick-borne encephalitis virus type IgM by ELISA (the analysis is taken at least 2 weeks after the bite).
• Venous blood for the determination of antibodies to the IgM type borreliosis virus by ELISA (the analysis is taken at least 4 weeks after the bite).
• Venous blood for determination various options antibodies (VisE, p83, p39, p31, p30, p25, p21, p19, p17) to tick-borne encephalitis virus type IgM by Western blotting (analysis is taken at least 2 weeks after the bite).
• Venous blood for the determination of various variants of antibodies (VisE, p83, p39, p31, p30, p25, p21, p19, p17) to the IgM type borreliosis virus by Western blotting (the analysis is taken at least 4 weeks after the bite).

The most informative are blood tests performed by PCR and Western blotting. Therefore, it is best to perform these tests for the early detection of possible infection with tick-borne infections. The ELISA method should only be used if PCR or Western blotting is not available.

To detect latent tick-borne infections, it is recommended to take tests twice after a tick bite. The first time at the time indicated for each method (after 11 days for PCR, after 2 or 4 weeks for ELISA and Western blotting), and the second - a month after the first test. Both times you should donate blood for analysis by the same method. For example, if the first analysis was submitted for PCR, then the second should also be performed by the same PCR method. Moreover, the second time the analysis is given only if the results of the first were negative.

If the first and second tests for both infections are negative, then the tick has not infected the person. In this case, you can simply forget about this unpleasant episode of your life. If the second analysis turns out to be positive, then a course of preventive treatment should be taken, which will suppress the disease at the stage of the incubation period.

If the first analysis showed a negative result for one of the infections and a positive result for the second, then the tactics change somewhat. To prevent a detected infection, the analysis of which turned out to be positive, they drink the necessary medications (Jodantipyrine for encephalitis and Doxycycline + Ceftriaxone for borreliosis). For the second infection, the analysis of which turned out to be negative, a second analysis is taken one month after the first. Accordingly, with a negative analysis, you can completely relax and forget about the tick bite. And with a positive analysis - take a course of preventive treatment with the necessary drugs.

How and what medications to take after a tick bite to prevent the development of tick-borne encephalitis and borreliosis?

To prevent the development of borreliosis after a tick bite, a person of any age and gender must take two antibiotics:

• Doxycycline - 100 mg 1 time per day for 5 days;

Taking these two antibiotics can prevent the development of borreliosis (even if the tick has infected a person) in 80-95% of cases.

To prevent the development of encephalitis in people of any age and gender after a tick bite, there are two main methods:

• The introduction of serum - is performed in a clinic or hospital, and only in the first 72 hours after the bite. The introduction of serum at a later date is useless.
• Taking Jodantipyrin by people over 14 years old and Anaferon child teens under 14 years old.

The introduction of serum is ineffective and dangerous method, since people often develop severe allergic reactions up to anaphylactic shock. Therefore, this method of preventing tick-borne encephalitis is currently not used in Europe and the USA, and in countries former USSR it is also being phased out.

Today, quite effective and safe method prevention of tick-borne encephalitis after a tick bite is taking Jodantipyrin or Anaferon children, depending on the age of the victim. Yodantipyrine after a tick bite should be taken by adults and adolescents over 14 years of age following scheme: in the first two days, 3 tablets 3 times a day, the next two days, 2 tablets 3 times a day, and then for 5 days, 1 tablet 3 times a day.

Children's Anaferon give to all children and adolescents under 14 years of age after a tick bite in order to prevent tick-borne encephalitis. Children under 12 years old are given 1 tablet 3 times a day, and adolescents 12-14 years old - 2 tablets 3 times a day. Anaferon for children in the indicated dosages should be given to children within 21 days after a tick bite.

What to do at home if bitten by a tick?

At home, after a tick bite, you must first remove the insect from the skin and treat the remaining wound with an antiseptic (iodine or alcohol). After that, if it is possible to take tests at the appropriate time - after 11 days for PCR, after 2 and 4 weeks for ELISA and Western blotting. However, if for some reason it is impossible to take tests, then immediately after a tick bite, it is recommended to drink a course of antibiotics (Doxycycline + Ceftriaxone) and Jodantipyrine (for adults) or children's Anaferon (for children) in order to prevent tick-borne encephalitis and borreliosis. Antibiotics and Yodantipirin or children's Anaferon can be taken at the same time, each according to its own scheme. Moreover, taking medications should be started as soon as possible after a tick bite.

What to do if a child is bitten by a tick?

If a tick has bitten a child, then the algorithm of actions is exactly the same as in relation to an adult. That is, first of all, you need to remove the tick from the skin and treat the place of suction with iodine or alcohol. Then, at the appropriate time, take tests for the presence of infections in his body. Accordingly, if the result of the tests turns out to be positive, conduct a course of preventive treatment of the child with the necessary medicines(Doxycycline + Ceftriaxone for borreliosis and Anaferon for children for tick-borne encephalitis). If the result of the tests is negative, then in a month to pass them again. Accordingly, if the second analysis turns out to be negative, then you can forget about the tick bite, and if positive, then conduct a course of treatment.

In the case when it is impossible to take tests, it is recommended to start giving the child both antibiotics (Doxycycline + Ceftriaxone) and Anaferon for children as soon as possible after a tick bite in order to prevent the development of encephalitis and borreliosis. Antibiotics are given in age dosages, with Doxycycline for 5 days, and Ceftriaxone for 3 days. Anaferon for children is given for 21 days, 1 tablet 3 times a day for children under 12 years old, and 2 tablets 3 times a day for adolescents 12-14 years old.

What to do if a pregnant woman is bitten by a tick?

If a tick has bitten a pregnant woman, then it should be removed from the skin and the wound should be treated with iodine or alcohol. Then, at the required time, it is recommended to take tests for the presence of tick-borne encephalitis and borreliosis. Further, if borreliosis is detected, then during pregnancy of 16-20 weeks, Amoxiclav should be drunk for 21 days, taking 625 mg 3 times a day.

To prevent tick-borne encephalitis, pregnant women should not take any medications, but can only wait and observe their own condition. If there are signs of encephalitis (fever, headache, etc.) or feeling unwell within a month after a tick bite, you should immediately consult a doctor, be hospitalized in a hospital and receive the necessary treatment. There is no need to take any more actions after a tick bite of a pregnant woman.

What to do if bitten by an encephalitis tick?

If bitten Tick-borne Encephalitis, it is optimal to prevent the development of an infection that has already entered the body, drink a course of Jodantipyrin (adults and adolescents over 14 years old) or children's Anaferon (children under 14 years old).

Yodantipyrin should be taken by all people over 14 years of age according to the following scheme:

• 3 tablets 3 times a day for the first 2 days;
• 2 tablets 3 times a day for the next 2 days;
• 1 tablet 3 times a day for the next 5 days.

Children and adolescents under 14 years of age Yodantipyrin is contraindicated. For the prevention of tick-borne encephalitis, they use children's Anaferon.

Children's Anaferon is given to all adolescents and children under 14 years of age for 21 days. Moreover, children under 12 years old are given 1 tablet 3 times a day, and adolescents 12-14 years old - 2 tablets 3 times a day.

What to do if bitten by a borreliosis tick?

If bitten by a borreliosis tick, then to prevent the development of the disease, it is recommended to drink a short course of antibiotics according to the following scheme:

• Doxycycline - 100 mg 1 time per day for 5 days;
• Ceftriaxone - 1000 mg once a day for three days.

The tick bit, but did not stick

If the tick has bitten, but did not have time to stick, then you should simply treat the wound with an antiseptic (iodine, alcohol, etc.). No more action is needed, because during the bite, the tick does not have time to infect a person with infections. Indeed, for the transmission of borreliosis or encephalitis, the tick must be in the skin for at least 6 hours.

Bitten by a tick - where to go?

If bitten by a tick, then you should contact the infectious disease specialist at the clinic at the place of residence. In addition, you can contact the Centers for Epidemiology and Prevention (former sanitation stations) available in regional cities and district centers. In the cities of Siberia, where ticks are widespread and often bite people, there are specialized Centers for the diagnosis and treatment of tick infections. If a person lives in Siberia, then you should find out where such a center is located in the nearest city and contact there.

First aid for a tick bite

First aid for a tick bite is to remove it from the skin and treat the remaining wound with an antiseptic (iodine, alcohol, etc.). To stop itching and inflammation at the site of the bite, you can take any antihistamine (Fenistil, Suprastin, Telfast, Tsetrin, etc.).

What to do if the temperature rises after a tick bite

If the temperature rises after a tick bite, you should consult a doctor and get tested for borreliosis and encephalitis. If the tests are negative, then there is no need to worry, because after a tick bite, a person can have a temperature of up to 37.8 o C for a month.

What to do if redness appears on the skin after a tick bite?

Redness on the skin after a tick bite may be a symptom of an early stage of borreliosis or an allergic reaction. It is not always easy to quickly distinguish what caused the redness in each case - an allergic reaction or borreliosis. Therefore, when redness appears, it is recommended to take antihistamines (Suprastin, Fenistil, Claritin, Parlazin, etc.). If, under the action of antihistamines, the redness significantly decreases in size within a few days, this means that an allergic reaction has taken place, which will completely disappear within a month. If, under the influence of antihistamines, the redness practically does not decrease, then this means that with a high probability a person develops borreliosis. In such a situation, it is necessary to take tests for borreliosis, and in case of positive results, treatment should be started immediately.