How much crushed stone is needed to prepare a cube of concrete. How to independently calculate the volume of rubble? Features of various types of crushed stone

Crushed stone is one of the most common components used for the production of concrete. However, let's not forget that decorative gravel can be found at construction markets. Today it is used mostly in landscape design(for example, for organizing paths in the garden).

Crushed stone in St. Petersburg today can be purchased on very attractive terms. Especially if the purchase is carried out in a wide batch. Below will be given the main recommendations for those who plan to make calculations directly for decorative gravel.

In order to carry out the calculation in a qualitative way, it is necessary to perform simple steps:

• preliminary prepare the space for organizing the track;
• perform geotextile laying;
• carry out triple measurements (length, width, depth of the created track);
• get acquainted with the volumetric weight of the purchased crushed stone;
• perform simple arithmetic calculations.

Indeed, without preliminary preparation of the surface, nothing will work. The buyer of decorative gravel himself should already know how many bags he will need. Note that we are talking about bags, and not about a specific weight.

Strictly speaking, if known total weight required crushed stone, as well as the weight of one bag of crushed stone, then it is quite possible to calculate the number of bags required.

The volumetric weight of crushed stone is indicated in the certificate of conformity for the goods. Of course, it must be requested from the seller. If he refuses to present it, perhaps it is not worth buying building (decorative) material from this supplier.

The actual volumetric weight of crushed stone may depend to a large extent on the selected fraction. Recall that it can be within the following limits - from 5 to 45 mm. However, if it was not possible to find out the factory values ​​\u200b\u200b(volumetric weight), you will have to adhere to the general figures - 1,500 kg / cubic meter.

1 ton of such building material takes about 0.067 cubic meters. Accordingly, 25 kg (that is, one bag of decorative gravel) - 0.017 cubic meters.

To find out required amount bags, perform the simplest action 1.8 divided by 0.017. The result is something like 106 bags. Naturally, no one buys such material as crushed stone at the butt. It is recommended to take some margin, since we took the volumetric weight indicator approximately.

The video demonstrates how you can make paths from rubble with your own hands:

Concrete can be considered one of the most important building materials. With its help, they make the pouring of the foundation, arrange concrete floors or produce reinforced concrete products in the factory, which reduces the construction time of buildings. Among basic properties of the material under consideration: good strength, water resistance, the ability to stack in various forms, low price.

Many do concrete work at home, pouring foundations or laying concrete floors. In this case, some builders are wondering about the proportions of mixing raw materials (sand, crushed stone, cement, water). Often to get special properties concrete, for example, to obtain high frost resistance, various modifiers are introduced into the mixture.

Basically, concrete is prepared from cement, crushed stone and sand with the addition of water. The main weight in the composition of concrete is occupied by large aggregate (crushed stone, gravel, granite, etc.). These materials are obtained by crushing the rock into particles (fractions) different size. On average, one cube of crushed stone weighs 1600 kilograms.

How much crushed stone is needed per cube (1 m3) of concrete depends on its brand. Basically, the calculation of the strength (grade) of concrete is carried out on cement, it is he who affects this characteristic of the material after final hardening. For example, for the M300 concrete grade, the following amount of raw materials will be needed: 380 kg of M400 grade cement, 1100 kilograms of crushed stone, 220 liters of water and 705 kilograms of sand. As we can see, the weight of large aggregate (crushed stone) is much higher than the weight of other components. Exactly the same amount of crushed stone is needed for concrete grade M100, the weight of other components of the concrete mixture is as follows: cement 210 kilograms, sand - 870 kilograms, water - 210 liters. These concrete grades are the most popular, let's look at how much crushed stone is needed for a cube (1 m3) of concrete of other grades.

To obtain concrete grade M50, the following raw materials are needed: cement M400 - 380 kg, sand 645 kg, crushed stone 608 kg, the amount of water standard for all types of concrete is 220 l, the ratio of materials is 1: 1.6: 1.7.

To get concrete of the M75 brand, you need to take 175 kg of M400 cement, take 940 kg of sand, 1050 kg of crushed stone, the proportion of raw materials is 1: 5.5: 6.

To obtain concrete grade M150 - 230 kg of cement M400, sand 850 kg and 1080 kg of crushed stone. The ratio is 1:3.6:4.6.

Materials are poured into the mixer in the following sequence: first, pour right amount water, then cement, and when it dissolves rubble, and at the end sand. The number of raw materials per mixer can be found by dividing the capacity of the cube (1000l) by its volume. Let's say a concrete mixer is designed for 200 liters of working mixture. To find out the amount of raw materials for the preparation of concrete M 150, we calculate the coefficient 1000/200=5. Now we find out the required amount of raw materials for one batch 230/5=46 kg of cement, 850/5=170 kg of sand, 1080/5=216 kg of crushed stone, 220/5=44 l of water.

Concrete is one of the most demanded materials in the field of construction. Popularity this material due to its excellent properties: compressive strength, ease of laying and shaping, water resistance, water resistance, low price.

Many have repeatedly encountered the production of concrete at home. First of all, the question is: in what proportions it needs to be kneaded, what consumption and how much necessary materials required. It's durable enough artificial material, obtained as a result of hardening of a liquid mixture of binders, aggregates and various additives.

Not infrequently, concrete mixtures are used in construction, made in a unique ratio with the addition of various modifiers. The method allows you to get a solution that best meets the requirements of construction(frost resistance, plasticity, heat resistance, low water absorption, etc.).

Concrete components

By type of binder concrete are divided into silicate, cement, gypsum, polymer concrete and others

The greatest preference is given to concrete produced on cement base, using crushed granite and sand as aggregates.

Rubble or gravel called the product that is obtained as a result of crushing rocks in a career. Gravel or boulders may be used in its production, but it is mainly obtained from granite.

Granite is the hardest and densest rock, consisting of crystals of mica, quartz and feldspar. This composition is reflected in the color of crushed granite. Standard fractions of this material are usually 20-40 mm, 5-20 mm and 40-70 mm.

granite gravel produced by crushing into small fractions of rocks. The quality of this material depends on the grain composition, water absorption, strength and radioactivity. It is more resistant to temperature changes and stronger than lime. Made from loose sedimentary rocks and has round shape grains, ranging in size from 3 to 10 mm.

In its turn lime gravel composed of calcite. This type of crushed stone is produced from sedimentary rocks. It has an angular shape of fractions and is an environmentally friendly building material.

Any type of gravel is granular bulk material. It is used in various fields construction: when filling concrete, building roads, landscaping, cladding and artistic decoration. Its price depends on its type. When buying gravel, it is recommended to ask sellers for a hygiene certificate.

One cube of concrete

The unit of calculation during the purchase of gravel is called cubic meter or cubic metre. Mostly one cube contains a large number of crushed stone weighing 1.4 tons ( depending on the type of material). For example lime is lighter than granite.

In the manufacture of concrete, water, cement and various types of aggregates are used, sand-gravel mixtures (SGS), which are small (such as sand) and large (such as gravel). Builders often have a question about how to mix the concrete mix correctly, it is at this stage that it is usually necessary to determine how much cement is contained in 1 cube of concrete and how much PGS is needed.

Today there is great amount concrete grades that differ in their composition, namely, in the mass or volume ratio of the components contained in its composition of the CGS. For example, in order to create one cubic meter of concrete grade 100, 200 kg of cement will be required, and to create 1 cubic meter of brand 400 concrete, 360 kg of cement will be required.

There are various special tables that can be used to understand not only how much cement powder is required per 1 cubic meter of concrete, but also the percentage of other PGS components in the finished solution.

For example, for the most common grade 300 concrete, you will need to mix 382 kg of M400 grade cement powder, 705 kg of sand, 1080 kg of gravel and 220 liters of water.

For grade 100, 214 kg of M400 cement, 1080 kg of gravel, 870 kg of sand and 210 liters of water will be required.

By following scheme in in general terms can be calculated how much sand is in 1 cube of concrete:
For a concrete mix of brand 100, 1 volume fraction of cement powder accounts for 4 shares of sand and 6 shares of crushed stone;
For grade 150, the ratio of cement powder grade M400, 3.2 shares of sand and 5 shares of gravel;

Knowing these proportions, one can easily determine, for example, how much crushed stone is contained in one cube of concrete and knead any required amount of high-quality concrete.

It should be noted that the brand of cement used in the manufacture of concrete will depend on its mechanical and physical properties. For example, if you add cement powder M500 instead of M400, then the grade of concrete will increase (instead of 200 it will be 350). First of all, in order to obtain a good mixture, it is necessary to choose crushed stone with a brand that is 2 times higher than the brand of concrete that you want to get.

A simple scheme for mixing concrete

If factory accuracy is not required for construction and there is no need for strict exposure of the brand, a simplified scheme can be used: 0.5 parts of water, 4 parts of gravel and 2 parts of sand are taken for 1 part of cement powder. In order to make 1 cubic meter of concrete mix, at a given ratio, the weight fractions of the PGS components will be as follows: 330 kg of cement powder (0.25 cubic meters), 180 liters of water (0.18 cubic meters), 600 kg of sand (0.43 cubic meters), 1.25 tons of gravel (0.9 cubic meters).

The proportions of sand, crushed stone, cement to obtain the 1st cube of concrete

M50
380 kg. Portland Cement M400 (1)
645 kg. sand (1.69)
608 kg. gravel (1.59)
210 l. water (0.55)

M75
175 kg. Portland Cement M300 (1)
945 kg. sand (5.4)
1053 kg. gravel (6.02)
210 l. water (1.2)

M100
214 kg. Portland Cement M300 (1)
870 kg. sand (4.07)
1080 kg. gravel (5.05)
210 l. water (0.98)

M150
235 kg. Portland Cement M400 (1)
855 kg. sand (3.64)
1080 kg. rubble (4.6)
210 l. water (0.89)

M200
286 kg. Portland Cement M400 (1)
795 kg. sand (2.78)
1080 kg. rubble (3.78)
210 l. water (0.74)

M250
332 kg. Portland Cement M400 (1)
750 kg. sand (2.26)
1080 kg. rubble (3.25)
215 l. water (0.65)

M300
382 kg. Portland Cement M400 (1)
705 kg. sand (1.85)
1080 kg. rubble (2.83)
220 l. water (0.58)

M350
428 kg. Portland Cement M400 (1)
660 kg. sand (1.54)
1080 kg. crushed stone (2.5)
220 l. water (0.51)

The sequence of placing materials in a concrete mixer affects the quality of concrete.

Question. Hello! Deciding what rubble to use for concrete mortar. Available gravel and granite material. How much crushed stone is needed per cube of concrete? Thank you!

Answer. Good afternoon! Granite crushed stone and gravel are the main aggregates of heavy concrete. At the same time, the strength of gravel and crushed stone determines the compressive strength. By and large, the difference between these materials is one:

• Granite crushed stone is a product of mechanical crushing of igneous granite rocks. During crushing, grains of irregular cubic or flaky shape are formed.
• Gravel is a product of natural destruction of rocks. Depending on the origin, there are: gravel deposits along the shores of lakes, rivers and seas (rounded grains), water-glacial sediments and dumps around collapsing mountain ranges.

Accordingly, crushed stone and gravel do not have a fundamental difference in technical characteristics. Due to the heterogeneity of the structure, the strength and density of gravel is somewhat lower than that of granite material obtained from a single block. However, due to the absence of significant energy costs for grinding, the cost of gravel is much lower than crushed granite. This determines its relevance and popularity.

It is worth conveying information about the applicability of different fractions of the described fillers

Granite filler

• The main fraction is particles with dimensions of 20-40 mm. It is used in the construction of residential and industrial facilities.
• Large fraction - particles of granite with dimensions of 40-70 mm are used for the construction of large-sized structures: bridges, coastal fortifications, flyovers, etc.
• Fine fraction - crushed stone elements with dimensions of 5-20 mm are used in road construction, asphalt production, manufacturing paving slabs, decor and small structures.

Gravel

• Fraction 10-20 mm is used for the production of lightweight concrete.
• Fraction 20-40 mm is widely used in the construction of bridges, runways, tunnels, highways and repairs.
• Fraction 40-70 mm - construction of buildings, production of reinforced concrete products and landscape design.

The amount of crushed granite and gravel per 1 m3 of heavy concrete of popular brands based on cement (CEM I 32.5N PC, old marking M400). Table

The amount of crushed granite and gravel per 1 m3 of heavy concrete of popular brands based on cement (CEM I 42.5N PC, old marking M500). Table

As you can see, the calculated indicators of the required amount of crushed granite and gravel for the preparation of 1 m3 of concrete different brands differ slightly, which confirms the practical similarity of their main technical characteristics.

But how much to take each component to make the mixture good and uniform? Usually, concrete volume indicators are indicated in cubic meters. And therefore, specialists definitely need to know exactly how much cement, sand and crushed stone are in 1m3 of concrete.

The brand of concrete mixture affects the amount of materials used. From what proportions and ratios were used, and will depend on the strength and specifications received concrete.

For example, creating 1 cube M 300, which is the most popular, you need to take 382 kilograms of cement grade M 400, 705 kilograms of coarse sand, 1080 kilograms of gravel and 220 liters of water.

How to calculate proportions?

There is some scheme for determining how much sand, crushed stone and cement are in a cube of concrete:

• 1 volume fraction of cement M 400;
• 4.1 proportion of coarse sand;
• 6.1 share of gravel.

The higher the grade of concrete, the lower specific gravity sand and gravel. This indicator characterizes the setting speed of the concrete mixture, and already the builders choose which solution to use in certain situations.

The ratio of cement, sand and gravel in concrete of various grades:

Knowledge of these ratios will help not only to find out how much cement, sand and gravel are in a cube, but also to knead the required amount of concrete of the highest quality without much effort.

There are a few more features to keep in mind. For example, in order to get high-quality concrete, you need to take crushed stone with a brand twice as high as the brand of the material that you want to receive.

Simple concrete mixing

If you do not strive for factory accuracy, and the brand of concrete is not so important, then there is a very simple way to stab. To do this, take 1 cement part, half a part of water, 2 parts of coarse sand and 4 parts of crushed stone.