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Glossary of terms - what the customer needs to know about forging.
Communication with any specialist significantly expands not only the horizons, but often the vocabulary of the customer. Turning to the workshop for forged elements for your own country house, you will definitely come across some concepts that are new to you. In order not to confuse the craftsmen with the wording of their questions and to easily understand what they are talking about, we have compiled a small dictionary of basic blacksmithing terms.
Brothers Johann and Georg Schmidberger in their forge in Moln, Austria. Lisi Niesner/Reuters
General concepts
Metals and alloys used in artistic forging - iron, steel, copper, bronze, brass, tin, aluminum.
Malleability - a property of metals that allows them to succumb to the effects of forging and other types of metal processing. The main indicators of malleability are resistance to deformation and ductility.
Corrosion resistance - the ability of a metal to resist the effects of an aggressive environment.
Rigidity of forged structures - property of forged parts metal structures do not change geometric dimensions under external influence.
Elements: forged and cast
Often, in order to reduce the cost of the product, it is proposed to “assemble” the structure from ready-made elements. Or in the description of a project made according to your picture, names are mentioned that are unfamiliar to you by ear. Most often these are classic decorative elements of forged products.
This may upset someone, but forged elements are usually made in China. Wholesale suppliers bring for blacksmiths under the order of a batch of elements to choose from in extensive catalogs.
acanthus leaf
classic decorative element depicting a leaf of a southern plant. Balusters 
figured columns connected from above by railings. In blacksmithing, they are used in the manufacture of railings for stairs, balconies, and terraces. flowerpot 
decoration stylized as a vase or basket. Volute 
swirl element. Wider - in architecture, a spiral motif, often with an eye inside. Monogram 
initial letters proper names linked together in an openwork pattern. Garland 
a motif of interlacing flowers, leaves and fruits, sometimes intertwined with a ribbon. Cartouche 
an element in the form of a scroll or shield with twisted edges. Bracket (forged) 
an artistically designed piece or structure that is attached to a wall and serves as a support for something. A medallion is an oval or round frame for an image, as well as the drawing itself, a relief ornament enclosed in such a frame. Finishing decorative completion of the upper part of the column, rack (balls, peaks, cones, etc.). Tip 
classic element of artistic forging, the final part forged product, characterized by a protracted ending (often a delicate curl with decreasing thickness). palmette 
motif in the form of a stylized multi-lobed palm leaf. Socket 
a motif that looks like a round stylized image of a flower with identical petals. Solomon's spiral (basket, cone) 
a decorative element formed from thin rods, spirally twisted and forming a hollow openwork "cocoon". Flowers 
One of the most popular motifs in artistic forging. Most often they are made in parts, after which they are assembled into an artistic pattern by welding, riveting or soldering. It will not be superfluous to know that
Rapport is a repeating element of the ornament. A module is an artistic and decorative element (or fragment) taken as the basis for constructing the same repeating pattern. A link (section) is a part of a metal fence or fence bounded by two posts or posts.Forged Finishing
bluing heat treatment metal product with preliminary application of special chemical substances: acids and oils. As a result, the metal is covered with a blue-black oxide film. Etching is the process of obtaining a design, pattern, or inscription on a metal object using caustic chemicals. Inlay decoration of metal forged products with other non-ferrous metals or precious stones. A notch is a decorative treatment of metal, which consists in drawing "dashes" on the surface. It is used to make a thin curly pattern, for example, the image of veins on the leaves of plants. Patina is an oxide-carbonate film that has a color tint (silver, bronze, green). The patina is formed under the influence environment while protecting the metal from damage. It has a decorative value, especially in the production of antique forged items. Corrugation is one of the methods of decorative finishing of forged products using blacksmith tools (rough engraving). Scan decorative trim metal products twisted wire patterns.
Palace of solemn registration of births, St. Petersburg Compound
Elements:
A collar is an element that connects several bars or other forged elements. Today it is used only in manual hot forging. Bindra wire, with the help of which temporarily (before welding or soldering) connect the elements of a forged product. Rivet iron rod having cylindrical shape with a head at one end; used to connect forged elements and parts.Methods:
riveting one of the oldest ways forged metal joints, when individual parts are connected with rivets. Soldering is the process of introducing solder (molten material) between metal parts that has a melting point lower than the parts to be fused, resulting in a strong joint. Welding is a method of joining metal products by their joint deformation after heating of the welding spots. Previously, a forge was used for this, today gas and electric welding are more often used.Forged product processing
Hardening rapid cooling of steel heated to a very high temperature; gives the product hardness and other necessary qualities. Cleanup mechanical removal from a forged product, scale, weld sagging, welding spatter and other metal defects. Sandblasting matting surface treatment with a jet of sand supplied under pressure, which allows you to level the surface and make it rougher (to improve the adhesion of paints and varnishes). Anti-corrosion treatment The coating of metal surfaces with a thin layer of another metal, alloy, or non-metallic material to form an anti-corrosion coating to protect against corrosion. Primer application of a preliminary coating on a forged product to improve adhesion (sticking) of the main protective or decorative coating. Painting application of a protective or decorative (often these functions are combined) coating on the product. Electroplating metal film applied to the surface of metal products by electroplating to give them hardness, wear resistance, anti-corrosion, anti-friction, decorative properties(zinc plating, anodizing, chromium plating, nickel plating, oxidation). Wide application method was not received due to its high cost.
Louvre, France, 17th century rolling material
That from which the blacksmith will make the product.
A semi-finished metal bar, a blank for the production of parts using plastic deformation or cutting. Depending on the purpose, the bars have a cross section of a round, rectangular, hexagonal, less often trapezoidal, oval or segmental shape.
- Square - a rod of square section with a diameter of 8 to 25 mm.
- Kruglyak - a rod of round section.
Technology
Forging is one of the main types of metal pressure treatment using heat. According to the technology, hot (processing of hot metal), cold (deformation of cold metal blanks), mixed (use of forged, finished cast and welded elements) are distinguished. Forging in dies is a method of processing iron, in which necessary form obtained by pressing the prepared materials into a special metal mold. Casting is the process of obtaining shaped castings by filling prepared molds with molten metal. Cast elements (balls, spikes, etc.) are often used in parallel with forging elements and are integral parts of fences, gates, railings. Stamping is a type of metal processing by pressure, in which the shaping of a forging from a heated billet is carried out using a special tool - a stamp. Die blank for the production of standard repeating elements required in in large numbers(for example, the same type of curls for the fence). Torsion (twisting) is a method of processing metal rods to give decorative look. Rods with a thickness of no more than two centimeters, previously annealed and cooled in air, can be twisted in a cold state using simple technologies.
Fencing of the mansion of Z.G. Morozova on Spiridonovka, Moscow Metal processing techniques
Rolling the transformation of wire into a narrow strip by rolling in special rolls, one of classical tricks artistic forging. Drawing metal forming by pressure, in which the workpieces of a round or shaped profile are pulled through a hole whose cross section is smaller than that of the workpiece. Knockout is the bending of a part on a mold by hammer blows with preheating. Cutting (cutting) production from sheet metal using cutting tools parts of a given shape by cutting. Punching - cutting out with a sharp tool (chisel, blacksmith's ax, etc.) parts of a certain shape or part of a workpiece. Bending is a change in the shape and geometry of metal, produced without preheating. Under the influence of a force, the workpiece is bent and deformed, its outer layers are stretched, and the inner layers are compressed. Cutting is the process of working metal with a special blacksmith's ax, chisel or undercut. One of the techniques of artistic forging, the result of which is cutting off a part of the metal along the outer contour of the workpiece. Straightening alignment (straightening) of rolled products, wire, extended forgings, stampings, castings, machined parts to eliminate distortions and other defects. Chasing artistic processing metal, making a drawing, inscription, image, which consists in knocking out a certain relief on a plate.Design choice
To order forged letters, decide on the type of construction.
Pattern selection
It is necessary to choose the external execution of forged letters or a pattern. look ready-made options shown in the photographs on this page. If you didn’t succeed in choosing something suitable, then we can offer the services of a designer for development individual project and sketch.
Materials and painting
Select material options for production and finishing.
For the choice of materials and colors of letters, please contact our manager.
Cost calculation
After carrying out all the necessary measurements, the manager will calculate the cost and production time. After all approvals, we sign a manufacturing contract.
Production
After receiving an advance payment under the contract, we begin to make letters from forging according to the sketch and terms of reference. Manufactured using the melting or pressure method and manual labor blacksmith craftsmen. Next comes painting and drying.
Delivery
As soon as the painting is done and the product is ready, it is planned to deliver to the site or coordinate pickup. We produce quality and professional installation and installation. It is necessary to inform us about the installation in advance, at the stage of agreeing on the terms of reference.
To call a measurer, you need to call us on the phone 8-925-514-74-58 . Calling a measurer within 50 km from the Moscow Ring Road free.
To calculate the cost of the product according to the sketch, please send it to us by mail This adress Email protected from spam bots. You must have JavaScript enabled to view. with the indication of the sizes and your wishes.
