Birth of an empire. Grand Duke of Vladimir Yaroslav II Vsevolodovich - Vladimir - History - Catalog of articles - Unconditional love

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Predecessor: Vsevolod Yurievich Successor: Vsevolod Yurievich - Predecessor: Mikhail Vsevolodovich Successor: Mikhail Vsevolodovich - Predecessor: Rostislav Mikhailovich Successor: Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky - Predecessor: Vladimir Rurikovich Successor: Mikhail Vsevolodovich - Predecessor: Yuri Vsevolodovich Successor: Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich Birth: February 8(1191-02-08 ) Death: September 30th(1246-09-30 ) (55 years) Genus: Rurikovichi, Vladimir-Suzdal branch Father: Vsevolod Yurievich Big Nest Mother: Maria Shvarnovna Children: Fedor, Alexander Nevsky, Andrei, Mikhail Khorobrit, Daniil, Yaroslav, Konstantin, Maria, Vasily Kvashnya, Athanasius, Ulyana (Evdokia)

Yaroslav (Theodore) Vsevolodovich(February 8, 1191 - September 30, 1246), in baptism Fedor is the son of Vsevolod the Big Nest, Prince of Pereyaslavl (1200-1206), Prince of Pereyaslavl-Zalessky (1212-1238), Grand Duke of Kyiv (-, -), Grand Duke Vladimir (-), Prince of Novgorod (1215, 1221-1223, 1226-1229, 1231-1236).

Early biography

Reigning in Novgorod and Kyiv

Yaroslav's son Konstantin remained in the Horde. In 1245 he was released and told that the khan demanded Yaroslav himself. Yaroslav with his brothers and nephews came to Batu. Some of the cases were resolved in the Horde, Svyatoslav and Ivan Vsevolodovich and their nephews went home, and Batu sent Yaroslav Vsevolodovich to the capital of the Mongol Empire - Karakorum. Yaroslav set off on a long journey and in August 1246 arrived in Mongolia, where he witnessed the accession of the great Khan Guyuk.

Death

Ancestors

Vsevolod Yaroslavich

Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh

Monomakhinya

Yuri Vladimirovich Dolgoruky

unknown

Vsevolod Yurievich Big Nest

unknown

Yaroslav Vsevolodovich Vladimirsky

Maria Shvarnovna, Princess of Iasa

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Notes

Literature

Andreev A. R. Grand Duke Yaroslav Vsevolodovich Pereyaslavsky: Documentary biography: Historical chronicle of the XIII century. - M .: Russian panorama, 1998. - 251 p. - ISBN 5-93165-005-9.
Andreev A., Korsakova V.: "Parity", 2004. - 688 p. - : in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.

An excerpt characterizing Yaroslav Vsevolodovich (Prince of Vladimir)

- Yes, that's how! - said Rostov, apparently thinking of something else.
He looked intently and inquiringly into the eyes of his friend, apparently in vain looking for a solution to some question.
Old Gavrilo brought wine.
- Shouldn't we send for Alfons Karlych now? Boris said. He will drink with you, but I can't.
- Go-go! Well, what is this nonsense? Rostov said with a contemptuous smile.
“He is a very, very good, honest and pleasant person,” said Boris.
Rostov once again looked intently into Boris's eyes and sighed. Berg returned, and over a bottle of wine, the conversation between the three officers brightened up. The guards told Rostov about their campaign, about how they were honored in Russia, Poland and abroad. They told about the words and deeds of their commander, the Grand Duke, anecdotes about his kindness and temper. Berg, as usual, was silent when the matter did not concern him personally, but on the occasion of anecdotes about the irascibility of the Grand Duke, he told with pleasure how in Galicia he managed to talk with the Grand Duke when he went around the regiments and was angry for the wrong movement. With a pleasant smile on his face, he told how the Grand Duke, very angry, rode up to him and shouted: “Arnauts!” (Arnauts - was the favorite saying of the Tsarevich when he was angry) and demanded a company commander.
“Believe me, count, I was not afraid of anything, because I knew that I was right. You know, Count, without boasting, I can say that I know the orders for the regiment by heart and I also know the charter, like our Father in heaven. Therefore, count, there are no omissions in my company. Here is my conscience and calm. I came. (Berg half stood up and imagined how he appeared with his hand to the visor. Indeed, it was difficult to portray in a face more respectful and self-satisfied.) Already he pushed me, as they say, push, push; pushed not on the stomach, but on death, as they say; and "Arnauts", and devils, and to Siberia, - said Berg, smiling shrewdly. - I know that I'm right, and therefore I am silent: isn't it, Count? "What, are you dumb, or what?" he screamed. I keep silent. What do you think, Count? The next day it was not even in the order: that's what it means not to get lost. So, count, - said Berg, lighting his pipe and blowing rings.
"Yes, that's nice," said Rostov, smiling.
But Boris, noticing that Rostov was going to laugh at Berg, artfully dismissed the conversation. He asked Rostov to tell how and where he received the wound. Rostov was pleased, and he began to tell, during the story he became more and more animated. He told them his Shengraben affair in exactly the same way as those who took part in them usually tell about the battles, that is, the way they would like it to be, the way they heard from other storytellers, the way it was more beautiful to tell, but not at all. the way it was. Rostov was a truthful young man; he would never deliberately tell a lie. He began to tell with the intention of telling everything exactly as it happened, but imperceptibly, involuntarily and inevitably for himself, he turned into a lie. If he had told the truth to these listeners, who, like himself, had already heard stories of attacks many times and formed a definite idea of what an attack was, and expected exactly the same story, or they would not believe him, or, even worse, they would think that Rostov himself was to blame for the fact that what happened to him did not happen to him, which usually happens to the narrators of cavalry attacks. He could not tell them so simply that they all went at a trot, he fell off his horse, lost his arm and ran with all his might into the forest from the Frenchman. In addition, in order to tell everything as it happened, one had to make an effort on oneself to tell only what happened. Telling the truth is very difficult; and young people are rarely capable of it. They were waiting for a story about how he was on fire all over, not remembering himself, like a storm, he flew on a square; how he cut into him, chopped right and left; how the saber tasted the meat, and how he fell exhausted, and the like. And he told them all this.
In the middle of his story, while he was saying: "You cannot imagine what a strange feeling of fury you experience during an attack," Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, whom Boris was waiting for, entered the room. Prince Andrei, who loved patronizing relations with young people, flattered by the fact that they turned to him for protection, and well disposed towards Boris, who knew how to please him the day before, wanted to fulfill the desire of the young man. Sent with papers from Kutuzov to the Tsarevich, he went to young man hoping to find him alone. Entering the room and seeing an army hussar telling military adventures (the sort of people whom Prince Andrei could not stand), he smiled affectionately at Boris, frowned, narrowed his eyes at Rostov, and bowing slightly, wearily and lazily sat down on the sofa. He hated to be in bad company. Rostov flared up, realizing this. But it was all the same to him: it was a stranger. But, looking at Boris, he saw that he, too, seemed ashamed of the army hussar. Despite the unpleasant mocking tone of Prince Andrei, despite the general contempt that, from his army combat point of view, Rostov had for all these staff adjutants, to whom the newcomer was obviously included, Rostov felt embarrassed, blushed and fell silent. Boris asked what was the news at the headquarters, and what, without indiscretion, was heard about our assumptions?
“Probably, they will go ahead,” Bolkonsky answered, apparently not wanting to talk more in front of strangers.
Berg took the opportunity to ask with particular courtesy whether they would now issue, as was heard, double the fodder allowance to army company commanders? To this, Prince Andrei replied with a smile that he could not judge such important state orders, and Berg laughed joyfully.
“About your case,” Prince Andrei turned again to Boris, “we will talk later, and he looked back at Rostov. - You come to me after the show, we will do everything that will be possible.
And, glancing around the room, he turned to Rostov, whom he did not deign to notice the position of childish irresistible embarrassment, turning into bitterness, and said:
- You seem to be talking about the Shengraben case? You were there?
“I was there,” Rostov said with anger, as if by this he wanted to offend the adjutant.
Bolkonsky noticed the state of the hussar, and it seemed funny to him. He smiled slightly contemptuously.
- Yes! Lots of stories about this stuff!
“Yes, stories,” Rostov spoke loudly, looking at Boris and then Bolkonsky with furious eyes, “yes, there are many stories, but our stories are the stories of those who were in the very fire of the enemy, our stories have weight, and not stories of those staff thugs who receive awards without doing anything.
“Which do you suppose I belong to?” - calmly and especially pleasantly smiling, said Prince Andrei.
A strange feeling of anger and at the same time respect for the calmness of this figure was united at that time in the soul of Rostov.
“I’m not talking about you,” he said, “I don’t know you and, I confess, I don’t want to know. I'm talking about staff in general.
“And I’ll tell you what,” Prince Andrei interrupted him with calm authority in his voice. - You want to insult me, and I am ready to agree with you that this is very easy to do if you do not have sufficient respect for yourself; but you will agree that both the time and place are very badly chosen for this. One of these days we will all have to be in a big, more serious duel, and besides, Drubetskaya, who says that he is your old friend, is not in the least to blame for the fact that my physiognomy had the misfortune not to please you. However,” he said, getting up, “you know my name and you know where to find me; but do not forget,” he added, “that I do not consider myself or you offended at all, and my advice, as a man older than you, is to leave this matter without consequences. So on Friday, after the show, I'm waiting for you, Drubetskoy; goodbye, ”concluded Prince Andrei and went out, bowing to both.
Rostov remembered what he had to answer only when he had already left. And he was even more angry because he forgot to say it. Rostov immediately ordered his horse to be brought in and, after taking a dry farewell to Boris, rode off to his place. Should he go tomorrow main apartment and call this breaking adjutant, or, in fact, leave the matter like this? was a question that tormented him all the way. Now he thought with malice about how pleased he would be to see the fright of this small, weak and proud little man under his pistol, then he felt with surprise that of all the people he knew, he would not have wanted so much to have his friend like this adjutant he hated.

On the next day of Boris' meeting with Rostov, there was a review of the Austrian and Russian troops, both fresh, who had come from Russia, and those who had returned from the campaign with Kutuzov. Both emperors, the Russian with the heir to the Tsarevich and the Austrian with the Archduke, made this review of the allied 80,000th army.
From early morning, smartly cleaned and cleaned troops began to move, lining up on the field in front of the fortress. Then thousands of feet and bayonets with fluttering banners moved and, at the command of the officers, stopped, turned around and formed up at intervals, bypassing other similar masses of infantry in different uniforms; then with measured clatter and clatter sounded elegant cavalry in blue, red, green embroidered uniforms with embroidered musicians in front, on black, red, gray horses; then, stretching out with its copper sound of trembling on carriages, cleaned, shiny cannons and with its own smell of overcoats, artillery crawled between the infantry and cavalry and was placed in designated places. Not only generals in full dress uniform, with impossibly thick and thin waist and reddened, propped up collars, necks, in scarves and all orders; not only pomaded, well-dressed officers, but every soldier, with a fresh, washed and shaved face and cleaned up to the last possible shine with ammunition, each horse, groomed so that, like satin, its wool shone on it and hair to hair lay wetted mane, - everyone felt that something serious, significant and solemn was happening. Each general and soldier felt their insignificance, conscious of themselves as a grain of sand in this sea of people, and together they felt their power, conscious of being part of this huge whole.
Intense chores and efforts began from early in the morning, and at 10 o'clock everything came into the required order. Rows lined up on the vast field. The whole army was stretched out in three lines. Cavalry in front, artillery in back, infantry in back.
Between each row of troops there was, as it were, a street. Three parts of this army sharply separated from one another: the combat Kutuzovskaya (in which the Pavlogradites stood on the right flank in the front line), army and guard regiments that had come from Russia, and the Austrian army. But all stood under one line, under one command and in the same order.
As the wind swept through the leaves, an excited whisper: “They are coming! they're going!" Frightened voices were heard, and a wave of fuss over the last preparations ran through all the troops.
Ahead of Olmutz appeared a moving group. And at the same time, although the day was windless, a light stream of wind ran through the army and slightly shook the weather vanes of the lance and the unfurled banners that were frayed on their shafts. It seemed that the army itself, with this slight movement, expressed its joy at the approach of sovereigns. One voice was heard: "Attention!" Then, like roosters at dawn, the voices repeated in different directions. And everything went quiet.
In the dead silence only the sound of horses could be heard. It was the suite of emperors. The sovereigns drove up to the flank and the sounds of the trumpeters of the first cavalry regiment were heard, playing a general march. It seemed that it was not the trumpeters who played it, but the army itself, rejoicing at the approach of the sovereign, naturally made these sounds. Because of these sounds, one young, gentle voice of Emperor Alexander was clearly heard. He said hello, and the first regiment barked: Hurrah! so deafening, long, joyful that the people themselves were horrified by the number and strength of the bulk that they made up.
Rostov, standing in the forefront of the Kutuzov army, to which the sovereign approached the first, experienced the same feeling that every person in this army experienced - a feeling of self-forgetfulness, a proud consciousness of power and a passionate attraction to the one who was the cause of this triumph.
He felt that it depended on one word of this man that this whole mass (and he, associated with it, an insignificant grain of sand) would go into fire and into water, to crime, to death or to the greatest heroism, and therefore he could not help but tremble and freeze at the sight of that approaching word.
– Hurrah! Hurrah! Hurrah! - thundered from all sides, and one regiment after another received the sovereign with the sounds of a general march; then Hurrah! ... general march and again Urra! and hooray!! which, growing stronger and stronger, merged into a deafening rumble.
Until the sovereign arrived, each regiment, in its silence and immobility, seemed like a lifeless body; as soon as the sovereign was compared with him, the regiment revived and thundered, joining the roar of the entire line that the sovereign had already passed. At the terrible, deafening sound of these voices, in the midst of the masses of the army, motionless, as if petrified in their quadrangles, carelessly, but symmetrically and, most importantly, hundreds of horsemen of the retinue moved freely and in front of them were two people - emperors. The restrained passionate attention of all this mass of people was undividedly focused on them.
Handsome, young Emperor Alexander, in a horse guards uniform, in a triangular hat, put on from the field, with his pleasant face and sonorous, soft voice attracted all the power of attention.
Rostov stood not far from the trumpeters and from afar with his keen eyes recognized the sovereign and followed his approach. When the sovereign approached at a distance of 20 steps and Nicholas clearly, to every detail, examined the beautiful, young and happy face of the emperor, he experienced a feeling of tenderness and delight, the like of which he had not experienced before. Everything - every feature, every movement - seemed to him charming in the sovereign.
Stopping in front of the Pavlograd regiment, the sovereign said something in French to the Austrian emperor and smiled.
Seeing this smile, Rostov himself involuntarily began to smile and felt an even stronger surge of love for his sovereign. He wanted to show his love for the sovereign in some way. He knew it was impossible and he wanted to cry.
The emperor called the regimental commander and said a few words to him.
"My God! what would happen to me if the sovereign turned to me! - thought Rostov: - I would die of happiness.
The emperor also addressed the officers:
- All, gentlemen (every word was heard by Rostov, like a sound from heaven), I thank you from the bottom of my heart.
How happy Rostov would be if he could now die for his tsar!
- You have earned the banners of St. George and will be worthy of them.
"Only die, die for him!" thought Rostov.
The sovereign also said something that Rostov did not hear, and the soldiers, pushing their chests, shouted: Hurrah! Rostov also shouted, bending down to the saddle, as much as he could, wanting to hurt himself with this cry, only to fully express his delight in the sovereign.
The sovereign stood for several seconds against the hussars, as if he were indecisive.
“How could the sovereign be in indecision?” thought Rostov, and then even this indecision seemed to Rostov majestic and charming, like everything that the sovereign did.
The indecision of the sovereign lasted for an instant. The leg of the sovereign, with a narrow, sharp toe of the boot, as was worn at that time, touched the groin of the english bay mare on which he rode; the hand of the sovereign in a white glove picked up the reins, he set off, accompanied by a randomly swaying sea of \u200b\u200badjutants. He rode further and further, stopping at other regiments, and, finally, only his white plume was visible to Rostov from behind the retinue surrounding the emperors.

Years of life: 1190-1246
Reign: 1236-1238

Yaroslav (Theodore) Vsevolodovich.
The third son of the Vladimir-Suzdal prince Vsevolod the Big Nest (mother is the Czech princess, Princess Maria), grandson Kyiv prince Yuri Dolgoruky was born on February 8, 1190.
From the family of Vladimir-Suzdal princes.

Prince Pereyaslavsky in 1201 - 1206
Prince Pereyaslavl-Zalessky in 1212 - 1238
Prince of Novgorod in 1215, 1221 - 1223, 1224 - 1228, 1230 - 1236
Prince Torzhsky in 1215 - 1216
Grand Duke of Kyiv in 1236 - 1238
Grand Duke Vladimirsky in 1238 - 1246

In the Laurentian Chronicle under 1201 it is written that Vsevolod Yuryevich put his son Yaroslav to reign in Pereyaslavl-Russian and he reigned for 7 years. Upon return to Northeast Russia Yaroslav Vsevolodovich received from his father Pereyaslavl-Zalessky.

In 1209 Vsevolod the Big Nest sent Yaroslav Vsevolodovich to reign in Ryazan, where all the cities took the oath of allegiance to Yaroslav, and in them he planted his governors. But he did not reign there for long. Soon the Ryazanians seized and arrested his posadniks, and they wanted to extradite Yaroslav himself to the Chernigov princes. Upon learning of this, Vsevolod came to Ryazan and burned the city. After that, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich again returned to reign in Pereyaslavl-Zalessky.

In 1212, after the death of his father, Yaroslav got Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, Volokolamsk and Tver, Nerokhot (Nerekhta?) and Dmitrov. Civil strife began between the sons of Vsevolod Yuri and Konstantin. Yaroslav took the side of Yuri and twice in 1213 and 1214. helped him in disputes, but there were no battles.

In 1215, Yaroslav was invited by the Novgorodians to reign. There he immediately began to crack down on boyars who were objectionable to him. The townspeople expelled him from Novgorod. He left for Torzhok, from where he tried to create a kind of blockade of Novgorod in order to subjugate its inhabitants. At the invitation of the Novgorodians, the squads of Mstislav and his allies inflicted a crushing defeat on the squads of Yuri, Yaroslav and Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich in the Battle of Lipetsk. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich went to reign in Pereyaslavl-Zalessky. Thus, he temporarily had to give up his claims to Novgorod.

The second time Yaroslav received the reign in Novgorod in the spring of 1223 and lived there for about a year.

In 1226, the Novgorodians called him to reign for the third time. This time he stayed there until the winter of 1228.

In 1225, the Lithuanians devastated the villages near Torzhok, killed the merchants and captured the Toropets volost. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich defeated them near Usvyat and took away the booty. In 1227, Yaroslav went to the pit with the Novgorodians and brought with him many prisoners. The next year he went to Pereyaslavl, leaving his sons in Novgorod. In 1230, on December 30, the Novgorodians again sent for Yaroslav, who immediately arrived, but still did not live permanently in Novgorod. Despite this, he remained the chief prince of Novgorod and later (until 1236) actively participated in Novgorod affairs.

In 1234 Yaroslav Vsevolodovich with his regiments and Novgorodians opposed the Germans under Yuryev. The Russians were victorious. Yaroslav made peace with them on favorable terms.

Around 1236, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich succeeded in capturing Kyiv and became the Grand Duke. However, he failed to hold the throne and left for North-Eastern Russia.

In 1238, after the death of his brother Yuri in a battle with the Tatars, Yaroslav occupied the throne of Vladimir. He began to take care of restoring order and prosperity in the Russian land devastated by the Tatars, and also tried to repel the Lithuanian attack on the Smolensk land, where Prince Vsevolod Mstislavich was imprisoned by him.

In the early 40s of the XIII century, Yaroslav again made an attempt to subjugate Kyiv with the help of Batu. When Batu returned from his campaign to the southwest and settled in Saray, Yaroslav in 1243 was the first to fulfill the Khan's demand and came to bow to him.

In 1245 Yaroslav's son Konstantin was sent by his father to Mongolia to the Great Khan. Konstantin returned and said that Ogedei demanded to himself Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. Yaroslav went on a long journey and in August 1246 arrived in Mongolia, where he witnessed the accession of Kayuk, the son of Ogedeev.

Yaroslav Vsevolodovich was called to the mother of the Great Khan, who, allegedly wanting to honor the Russian prince, gave him to drink and eat from own hands. Returning from her, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich fell ill and died after 7 days, while his body turned blue, which is why a version of poisoning arose.
He died in 1246 on September 30.
The body of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich was brought to Russia and laid to rest in the Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir.

Yaroslav Vsevolodovich was married twice:
1) from 1205 to the daughter of the Polovtsian Khan Yuri Konchakonich and the granddaughter of Khan Konchak;
2) from 1214 to the daughter of the Prince of Smolensk Mstislav Mstislavich Udaly, Princess Rostislav (+ May 4, 1244). Children from this marriage: Yaroslav Tverskoy and Vasily Mizinny. And also Fedor, Alexander, Andrey, Mikhail, Daniel, Konstantin, Athanasius, Maria, Evdokia, Ulyana.

Yaroslav's appeal to children before his death:
“O my beloved sons, the fruit of my womb, the brave and wise Alexander, and the hasty Andrei, and the daring Konstantin, and Yaroslav, and the dear Danila, and the good Michael! Awake the true champions of piety, and the majesty of the power of the Russians approved by God on the table. God's grace and mercy and blessing upon you may be multiplied in generations and generations forever. I already don’t have to see you, nor in the land of the judgments of life; already more my strength is exhausted and the death of my life draws near. But you do not despise my two daughters, Evdokia and Ulyaniya, your sisters, even for them this present time is bitterest of bile and wormwood; but both God is an orphan helper and glory to all his righteous destinies.

Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich (1191-1246) - Prince of Vladimir, Prince of Pereyaslav-Zalessky, Prince of Pereyaslav, Prince of Novgorod, Prince of Vladimir, Grand Duke of Kyiv; son of Vsevolod the Big Nest, father of Alexander Nevsky.

Participated in the civil strife of the princes, waged an active struggle for power with numerous relatives.

Yaroslav Vsevolodovich was the first of the Russian princes during the Tatar-Mongol invasion to receive a label from the Tatar Khan to reign in the new capital Ancient Russia- the city of Vladimir.

Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. short biography

Prince Yaroslav was born in 1191 and was one of the numerous offspring of Vsevolod the Big Nest. In 1212, after the death of his father, Yaroslav became a prince in the city of Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, but he was soon forced to leave it in order to take part in the struggle for power between his two brothers - Yuri (Yaroslav spoke on his side) and Konstantin - in 1213 and 1214.

After the civil strife between the brothers, he took an active part in the struggle for Novgorod, which continued with varying success from 1215 to 1236 (during this period, Yaroslav gained and lost the title of Prince of Novgorod several times). In 1236 he became Prince of Vladimir, appearing to bow in Golden Horde and received a label to reign there.

Death overtook Yaroslav during his second trip to the Golden Horde, when he was called to bow to the mother of the khan, where he accepted a treat from her hands. A week later, Yaroslav died. The exact cause of death is unknown, but it is believed that the prince could have been poisoned.

The struggle of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich for power

In domestic politics Yaroslav's many years of struggle for the right to reign in Novgorod is especially noteworthy. It was first called by the Novgorodians in 1215, when Mstislav Mstislavich left the city. Yaroslav arrived in the city, but was dissatisfied with the unrest that happened there because of his arrival, so he soon left to reign in Torzhok, accepting, however, the title of Prince of Novgorod. The governor of Yaroslav remained in Novgorod. Some time later, Yaroslav, by cunning and force, tried to seize power in Novgorod during the famine that overtook the city, refusing help and sending messengers back from Novgorod. O difficult situation Mstislav recognized the city and immediately offered Yaroslav to release all the captured Novgorodians, but he refused. Thus began a long struggle.

On March 1, 1216, Mstislav, dissatisfied with the behavior of Yaroslav and worried about the Novgorodians, gathered the townspeople and moved to Torzhok with an offer of a truce. Yaroslav rejected the offer, and Mstislav's army moved towards Tver, ruining all the cities along the way. Soon Mstislav was joined by the brother of Yaroslav himself Konstantin (against whom Yaroslav fought in his time), Yuri, Svyatoslav and Vladimir sided with Yaroslav. An internecine conflict ensued.

On April 21, 1216, the famous battle took place on the Lipitsa River between the troops of Mstislav and Yaroslav, as a result of which Yaroslav was defeated and was forced to give the title of Prince of Novgorod back to Mstislav.

However, the struggle for Novgorod did not end there. Yaroslav several times became the prince of Novgorod: in 1218 his fathers were sent there, in 1221 and 1224 he was called to reign by the townspeople themselves. Only after being called up in 1224, Yaroslav finally remained in Novgorod for a long time in the title of prince and began to rule the city.

Already, together with the Novgorodians, Yaroslav made several successful military campaigns. In 1225, he opposed the Lithuanians, driving them from the Russian lands back to the Principality of Lithuania, in 1227 a campaign against the Finnish tribes took place on Yam, and in 1228 Yaroslav successfully repelled a retaliatory attack from the Finns.

In 1226, Yaroslav again had to prove his right to rule in Novgorod. This time, Prince Mikhail Vsevolodovich of Chernigov opposed him, but the struggle was not crowned with success for Mikhail. Moreover, in 1231, Yaroslav, together with his brother Yuri, gathered an army and invaded Chernigov.

In 1234 Yaroslav opposed German troops near the city of Yuryev, the result of the battle was the defeat of the enemy troops and a peace favorable to Russia.

In 1236, Yaroslav received the title of Grand Duke of Kyiv and went to Kyiv, leaving his son in Novgorod.

In 1238, Yaroslav returned to Vladimir and began to reign there. After several years of successful reign, during which Vladimir finally becomes the capital of Russia, Yaroslav receives an order to appear from Batu Khan. From a trip to the Golden Horde, Yaroslav returns with a label for the Great reign in Vladimir. During this period, Kyiv finally loses the status of the capital of Ancient Russia.

The results of the reign of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich

During the years of Yaroslav's reign, Vladimir officially becomes the new capital of Russia, Kyiv loses its political and economic power. Also, thanks to the activities of Yaroslav, Russia was able to recover after the attack of the Western crusaders, while maintaining its statehood and not disintegrating into separate territories.

In foreign policy Yaroslav tried to regulate relations with the Golden Horde, as well as to protect the country, which was already in a difficult situation, from attacks by the Germans and Lithuanians.

Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich is one of the three sons of Vsevolod the Big Nest (brothers Yuri and Konstantin) In 1216, Yaroslav and Yuri fought Konstantin and the Novgorod prince Mstislav Udaly on the Lipetsk field near Yurye-Polsky. Konstantin won.

Yaroslav II (Theodore) Vsevolodovich (1190 - 1246) - Prince of Novgorod, later Grand Duke, father of St. Alexander Nevsky. In 1201, Yaroslav was appointed by his father (Vsevolod III the Big Nest) Prince of Southern Pereyaslavl. In 1203 he went to the Polovtsians. In 1206, the inhabitants of the city of Galich (in Chervonnaya Rus) elected him a prince, but Yaroslav was expelled from there by Prince Rurik Rostislavich and his allies, who decided to give Galich to Vladimir Igorevich, the Seversky prince. Yaroslav returned to his Pereyaslavl, but from there he was soon expelled by Vsevolod Chermny, the prince of Chernigov. In 1208, Yaroslav was sent by his father to reign in Ryazan, after the campaign of Vsevolod III against the Ryazan principality, in which Yaroslav also took part. Ryazanians soon rebelled against Yaroslav, for which Ryazan was burned by Vsevolod, and Yaroslav retired to the Vladimir principality. In 1209, Yaroslav was sent by his father along with his older brothers against Novgorod, who wanted to install Mstislav Mstislavich as his prince, which Vsevolod III did not like; the matter ended with the reconciliation of the parties. After the death of Vsevolod III (1212), in the struggle of his elder brothers over the great reign, Yaroslav took the side of Yuri against Constantine. In 1215, Yaroslav was invited to the princely table by the Novgorodians, where he was solemnly received by Archbishop Anthony and the inhabitants. He began to reign with incredible severity and autocracy, seized the Novgorod thousand (Yakun Zubolomich) and the Novotorzhsky posadnik and sent them in chains to Tver, and he himself, having settled in Torzhok, stopped the delivery of bread to Novgorod. Novgorodians twice sent ambassadors to him, wanting reconciliation, but Yaroslav continued to act as before. Then Mstislav Udaloy (their former prince) and Yaroslav's brother Konstantin took the side of the Novgorodians; Yuri stood up for Yaroslav, but both of the latter were utterly defeated in the battle on the Lipica River (April 21, 1216). In 1222, we again see Yaroslav as Prince of Novgorod, at the invitation of the Novgorodians. In the same year, Yaroslav went with the Novgorodians to the city of Kolyvan (Revel), ruined the entire Peipsi land, took a lot of booty and was full, but he could not take the city. Soon Yaroslav voluntarily left Novgorod (about 1224). In 1225 Novgorod land was subjected to a devastating raid by the Lithuanians, and Yaroslav, "taking pity" on the Novgorodians, according to the chroniclers, came out with other princes against the Lithuanians; the latter were defeated near Usvyat, their booty was recaptured, and some of their princes were taken prisoner. After that, the Novgorodians strenuously called Yaroslav to their place, and he agreed. In the winter of 1226, Yaroslav went to Finland to Yem (Yam), "where, according to the chronicle, not a single Russian prince can be, and the whole land of their captivity." In 1227, without any violence on his part, he baptized the Korels, the neighbors of Yemi. In the same year, Yaroslav quarreled with the Novgorodians over Pskov, which he wanted to completely subordinate to his will; he demanded that the Novgorodians go with him to Pskov, but they refused. Yaroslav left for Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, leaving his sons (Fyodor and Alexander) in Novgorod. In the same 1228, Yaroslav participated in the campaign of his brother Yuri against Mordva, then captured the Volok Novgorod volost; Novgorodians sent ambassadors demanding the return of Volok; Yaroslav not only did not give him up, but kept the ambassador in captivity. In 1230, Yaroslav was again called to reign by the Novgorodians. In 1234, he spoke out against the Germans who attacked the Novgorod-Pskov lands; the Germans were defeated and made peace; at the same time there was a defeat for the Lithuanians. In 1236, Yaroslav, at the insistence of his brother Yuri (Grand Duke of Vladimir) and Daniel of Galicia, occupied the throne of Kyiv, leaving his son Alexander (Nevsky) in Novgorod. On March 4, 1238, Yuri, the Grand Duke of Vladimir, fell in a battle with the Tatars on the River City, and Yaroslav, by right of seniority, took the throne of the Grand Duke in Vladimir. At this time, his capital city was a heap of ruins. Yaroslav first of all took care of putting the capital in order, of cleansing it of the corpses that filled not only courtyards and streets, but even temples; then he tried to gather and encourage the inhabitants who had fled from the Tatar invasion. The Lithuanians, taking advantage of the cramped position of the north-east of Russia, disturbed Smolensk. Yaroslav went against them, defeated and captured their prince. The peaceful activities of Yaroslav were disturbed by a new raid of the Tatars on Suzdal land(the ruin of Murom) in 1239, Batu, having founded his residence in Saray, demanded the Russian princes bow to him. Yaroslav went to Sarai in 1243, and sent his son Konstantin to Tataria to the great khan. Batu received and released Yaroslav with honor and gave him seniority in all of Russia. In 1245, Yaroslav, together with his brothers (Svyatoslav and Ivan) and nephews, went to the Horde for the second time. His companions returned to their homelands, and Yaroslav Batu sent to the banks of the Amur to the great khan. Here he had to accept "a lot of languor", in the words of the chronicler: according to some legends, some kind of intrigue was waged against him, actors which are the boyar Fyodor Yarunovich and the khansha, who, under the guise of a treat, brought poison to Yaroslav. The Grand Duke left the Khan already sick; a week later (September 30, 1246) he died on the road. The body of Yaroslav was brought to Vladimir, where he was buried in the Assumption Cathedral.

All rulers of Russia Vostryshev Mikhail Ivanovich

GRAND DUKE VLADIMIR YAROSLAV II VSEVOLODOVYCH (1190–1246)

GRAND DUKE OF VLADIMIR

YAROSLAV II VSEVOLODOVYCH

Great-grandson of Vladimir Monomakh, the fourth son of the Grand Duke of Vladimir Vsevolod the Big Nest. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich was born on February 8, 1190 in the city of Pereyaslavl-Zalessky. At the age of seven, his father appointed him prince of this city. In 1212, Vsevolod the Big Nest died, appointing his eldest son Konstantin as his successor.

In 1214, the Novgorodians, who did not then have a prince (Mstislav Mstislavich Udaloy voluntarily left Novgorod for southern Russia), asked Yaroslav Vsevolodovich to reign. The next year he came to Novgorod, but did not reign there for long. In 1222, he was again in Novgorod, and together with its inhabitants went to fight in the Chudsky land, took a large full and a lot of gold.

In the winter of 1226, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich went to southern part Finland - Em, where, according to the chronicler, "the whole land of their captivity." He had to return with such a huge crowd that he was forced to free many prisoners and kill others.

Often quarreling with Novgorodians, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich quarreled with his older brother Yuri, against whom he managed to restore his nephews, Konstantinovich. Finally, having gathered in Suzdal on September 7, 1229, they all reconciled, kissed the cross and the next day, on the feast of Christmas Holy Mother of God, had fun with Bishop Mitrofan.

In 1233, the Germans began to disturb the Novgorod and Pskov volosts. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich set out on a campaign, defeated them near Yuryev (Derpt), and they reconciled with the prince. In the same year, the Lithuanians attacked Rusa, but were repulsed and began to retreat. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich overtook them in the Toropets volost, took away five hundred horses and all the goods. Lithuanians, throwing their weapons and shields, fled into the forest.

On the banks of the City River on March 4, 1238, a battle took place between the troops of the Grand Duke of Vladimir Yuri Vsevolodovich and the Tatars, in which the Grand Duke was killed. By seniority, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich occupied the Grand Duke's table. He hurried to Vladimir, after being devastated by the Tatars, which was a heap of ruins and human corpses. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich took care of putting the capital in order and encouraging the remaining residents. The following year, he ordered the transfer of the body of his elder brother Yuri from Rostov to Vladimir, which was met by the clergy and the people and, after a prayer service, laid in the Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir, where their father's ashes lay.

In the same year, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich undertook a campaign against the Lithuanians who entered the Smolensk lands, defeated them, captured their prince, and planted Vsevolod Mstislavich in Smolensk.

Khan Batu, meanwhile, devastated the southern Russian lands and the Carpathians, from where he turned back with his hordes and chose the lower reaches of the Volga as his place of residence, founding the city of Saray here. Now the Russian princes were supposed to come here to bow to the formidable conqueror. In 1243, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich also went there. Batu received him with honor and gave seniority in all of Russia.

In 1246, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich again visited Saray, from where he was forced to go to the capital of Mongolia, Karakorum, located south of Lake Baikal. This trip was undertaken in connection with the accession to the throne of the Great Khan Guyuk, the son of Ogedei. On the way back, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich died, probably poisoned by Guyuk's mother, Turukina-Khatun.

Kalka. Artist Pavel Ryzhenko

From the book History of the Russian State author

Chapter I GRAND DUKE YAROSLAV II VSEVOLODOVICH. G. 1238-1247 Vigor of Yaroslav. George properties. Liberation of Smolensk. Civil strife. Batu devastates southern Russia. The beauty of Kyiv. generosity of citizens. Siege and capture of Kyiv. State of Russia. The reason for the success of the Batyevs. properties and

From the book History of the Russian State. Volume IV author Karamzin Nikolai Mikhailovich

Chapter I Grand Duke Yaroslav II Vsevolodovich. 1238-1247 Vigor of Yaroslav. George properties. Liberation of Smolensk. Civil strife. Batu devastates southern Russia. The beauty of Kyiv. generosity of citizens. Siege and capture of Kyiv. State of Russia. The reason for the success of the Batyevs. properties and

From the book History of the Russian State author Karamzin Nikolai Mikhailovich

Grand Duke Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. 1238–1247 Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. Portrait from the "Royal titular" Yaroslav came to dominate the ruins and corpses. It was necessary to gather scattered people, to raise cities and villages from the ashes - in a word, completely

From the book Grand Duke Yaroslav Vsevolodovich Pereyaslavsky author Andreev Alexander Radievich

Grand Duke Yaroslav Vsevolodovich Documents. Official biography Russian chronicles about Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich In the summer of 6698 (1190). Born to the noble prince Vsevolod, the son of the month of February on the 8th day, in memory of the prophet Zacharias, and Theodore was born in holy baptism, and then

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