Forgotten village analysis of the poem. Analysis of the poem “Forgotten Village” by Nekrasov

Poem " Forgotten Village” is one of the most tragic in Nekrasov’s creative heritage. Brief Analysis“The Forgotten Village” will explain the essence of the story told to 10th grade students. This material can be used in a literature lesson both as an additional and as a main one.

Brief Analysis

History of creation- the work was written in 1856 and published in the same year, included in the collected works.

Theme of the poem- the story of a forgotten village inhabited by people whose expectations are not fulfilled.

Composition– the poem consists of five stanzas, each of which represents a separate story. Compositionally, it is divided into two parts, the first includes the three title stanzas, the second - the last two.

Genre- civil lyrics.

Poetic size - dolnik with a feminine rhyme.

Epithets–“bad hut”, “greedy covetous man”, “a hefty joint”, “roguish manner”, “compassionate German”, “oak coffin”.

History of creation

The poem was written by Nekrasov in 1856. After Chernyshevsky published an article on him in Sovremennik, censorship found allegorical content in it: in 1855, Emperor Nicholas I died, Alexander II ascended the throne. The poet was accused of describing them in the image of the old and new master, and the forgotten village is all of Russia. How fair this interpretation is is still unknown.

Subject

The poem is dedicated to a forgotten village. People live in it, dependent on the will of the master - only he can solve many peasant problems, but they do not interest him at all. This is how people’s lives pass in unfulfilled expectations.

Thus, Nekrasov debunks the myth about the good master that exists among the peasantry. He says that ordinary people You shouldn’t rely on landowners, since they live their own lives and are not at all interested in what is happening in their villages.

Composition

The five-strophe work consists of two parts. The first part is three stories about peasants living in a village forgotten by the landowner. These are grandmother Nenila, who cannot get wood to repair the hut, peasants whose land was taken away by a greedy neighbor, and Natasha, whom the German manager does not allow to marry a free tiller. All of them are united by the refrain - “the master will come!” “, which is repeated by all those unjustly offended.

The second part is separated from the first by a significant period of time. As a result of the inaction of the master farmer Ignat, he became a soldier, Nenila’s grandmother died in her crumbling hut, and the rogue neighbor collected more than one harvest from the peasant land.

The climax is the last stanza, in which the master finally arrives, but... in a coffin. And the new one, as soon as the funeral has passed, leaves for St. Petersburg, again leaving the peasants with their unresolved problems.

Genre

This verse is one of the most striking examples of Nekrasov’s civil lyrics. The poet describes not just the master’s indifference to the fate of ordinary people, but also the passivity of the peasants, who only hope that someone from above will come.

Written by a debtor, the work is reminiscent of the songs that peasants composed when complaining about their fate. The folk character and songfulness are emphasized by the proximity to tonic verse. The author also uses banal female rhymes characteristic of folk poetry.

Means of expression

Since the poet brings his work closer to a folk song, the language in it is also quite simple. Of all the paths, Nekrasov prefers epithets- “bad hut”, “greedy covetous man”, “heavy joint”, “roguish manner”, “compassionate German”, “oak coffin”, are also very simple. These means of expression emphasize the connection of the written poem with folk tradition.

Plays a special role refrain“The master will come,” expressing the aspirations of the peasants. In the fourth stanza it is transformed into the phrase “the master still doesn’t come,” and the fifth stanza gives the repetition an ironic meaning - the master deigned to come, but is already in a coffin.

“The Forgotten Village” Nikolai Nekrasov

Mayor Vlas has grandmother Nenila
She asked me to fix the hut in the forest.
He answered: no to the forest, and don’t wait - there won’t be!”
“When the master comes, the master will judge us,
The master will see for himself that the hut is bad,
And he tells us to give it to the forest,” the old woman thinks.

Someone next door, a greedy greedy man,
The peasants of the land have quite a joint
He pulled back and cut off in a roguish manner.
“The master will come: there will be land surveyors!”
The peasants think. - The master will say a word -
And our land will be given to us again.”

A free farmer fell in love with Natasha,
May the compassionate German contradict the girl,
Chief manager. “Wait a minute, Ignasha,
The master will come!” - says Natasha.
Small, big - it's a little bit of a debate -
“The master is coming!” - they repeat in chorus...

Nenila died; on someone else's land
The rogue neighbor has a hundredfold harvest;
The old boys have beards;
A free farmer ended up as a soldier,
And Natasha herself is no longer raving about the wedding...
The master is still not there... the master is still not coming!

Finally one day in the middle of the road
The drogues appeared like a train of gears:
There is a tall oak coffin on the road,
And there’s a gentleman in the coffin; and behind the coffin is a new one.
The old one was buried, the new one wiped away the tears,
He got into his carriage and left for St. Petersburg.

Analysis of Nekrasov’s poem “Forgotten Village”

Nikolai Nekrasov was convinced that serfdom is not only a relic of the past, but also a completely unacceptable phenomenon in a European country, which Russia considered itself to be in the mid-19th century. However, the poet was even more outraged by the blind faith of the peasants in higher justice. They considered their landowner almost a god on earth, believing that he was wise and fair. It was this feature of the peasant mentality that caused Nekrasov bitter irony: the poet understood perfectly well that in the overwhelming majority of cases, landowners do not care about the needs of the serfs, they are only interested in the correct payment of quitrents, which allows them to exist comfortably.

Trying to debunk the myth about the good masters of life, in 1855 Nikolai Nekrasov wrote the poem “The Forgotten Village,” in which he ridiculed not only the naive faith of the peasants in their benefactors, but also showed that real power in family estates belongs not to landowners, but to managers who behind the backs of the estate owners, they are profiting from the grief of the serfs. This work begins with an old woman asking the mayor to give her some wood to patch up her old hut. To which the woman receives a refusal and a promise that “the master will come” and will sort everything out. All petitioners who want to achieve justice and defend their rights find themselves in exactly the same situation. The peasants are convinced that they only need to be patient a little for the good landowner to make them happy with his visit and help them solve their numerous problems.

But the village that Nekrasov describes in his poem is truly forgotten. Its owner does not care what needs his serfs experience. As a result, the old woman dies without waiting for the forest to reach her. new roof, a deceived peasant, from whom a piece of arable land was taken away, watches as a more successful rival is already harvesting on his land. And the courtyard girl Natalya no longer dreams of a wedding, since her fiance was taken into the army for a long 25 years.

With irony and sadness, the poet notes that the village is falling into decay, since it does not have a real owner, wise and fair. However, the moment comes when he nevertheless appears on his estate. But - in a luxurious coffin, since he bequeathed to bury himself in the place where he was born. His successor, far from rural life, does not intend to solve peasant problems. He just “wiped his tears, got into his carriage and left for St. Petersburg.”

It should be noted that in the mid-19th century there were quite a lot of such “forgotten villages” in Russia. The owners of once luxurious estates believed that rural life was not for them, so they sought to settle in the city, closer to high society. In some villages, the peasants did not see the landowners for decades and became so accustomed to this that they considered their king and god the manager who purposefully plundered the lord’s property. Trying to dispel the myth of a fair and wise landowner, Nekrasov did not try to help the peasants themselves, since they were not destined to read the poet’s poems anyway. The author addressed those on whom the fate and life of the serfs directly depended, appealing to their philanthropy. However, his ironic poems, as well as other works with a pronounced social overtones, evoked only reproaches from representatives of the upper strata of society, who believed that “peasant poems” disgraced Russian poetry. However, Nikolai Nekrasov still managed to change public consciousness, although until his death the poet was convinced that his works were not needed modern society, mired in vices and passions, and therefore devoid of compassion for those who ensure his well-being.

The poem “The Forgotten Village” by Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is worth reading for those who want to better understand the history of Russia, to find out how serfs lived and how rich people lived. In addition, thanks to this work, one can guess the thoughts of the poor peasants, their desires and moods. Poetry is studied in a literature lesson in 10th grade. Then the teachers assign homework to learn it completely by heart. On our website you can read the work online, and if you wish, download it to your gadget.

The text of Nekrasov’s poem “The Forgotten Village” was written in 1855. In it, the author talks about a village in which the serfs are waiting for the arrival of the master. They hope that he can solve all their problems. So, Nenila’s grandmother wants to ask him for wood to patch up her hut. The peasants believe that he will solve their land issue. The girl Natasha hopes that he will allow her to marry a farmer. However, none of this happens. The master does not come to the village and does not help ordinary people. He appears on his estate many years later, but not alive, but dead. A new master takes his place, but even he does not care about the problems of the serfs. After spending a little time in the village, he very soon leaves it, back to the city.

Mayor Vlas has grandmother Nenila
She asked me to fix the hut in the forest.
He answered: no to the forest, and don’t wait - there won’t be!”
“When the master comes, the master will judge us,
The master will see for himself that the hut is bad,
And he tells us to give it to the forest,” the old woman thinks.

Someone next door, a greedy greedy man,
The peasants of the land have quite a joint
He pulled back and cut off in a roguish manner.
“The master will come: there will be land surveyors!”
The peasants think. - The master will say a word -
And our land will be given to us again.”

A free farmer fell in love with Natasha,
May the compassionate German contradict the girl,
Chief manager. “Wait a minute, Ignasha,
The master will come!” - says Natasha.
Small, big – it’s a little bit of a debate –
“The master is coming!” - they repeat in chorus...

Nenila died; on someone else's land
The rogue neighbor has a hundredfold harvest;
The old boys have beards;
A free farmer ended up as a soldier,
And Natasha herself is no longer raving about the wedding...
The master is still not there... the master is still not coming!

Finally one day in the middle of the road
The drogues appeared like gears in a train:
There is a tall oak coffin on the road,
And there’s a gentleman in the coffin; and behind the coffin is a new one.
The old one was buried, the new one wiped away the tears,
He got into his carriage and left for St. Petersburg.

N. Nekrasov was an opponent of serfdom, considering this phenomenon unacceptable for the country of his time. After all, in those days Russia aspired to be a European state. The poet's belief in the justice of their landowners evoked a bitter smile and indignation in the poet. The poem “The Forgotten Village,” written in 1855, is an ironic vision of peasant life, the purpose of which is to open eyes to the truth.

The theme of the analyzed work is rural life without decoration, the trust of peasants in their master. The author shows that one cannot blindly rely on someone who has power, especially if his justice is not confirmed by words.

The poem “The Forgotten Village” is divided into 5 parts, each of which is a laconic sketch of the situation taking place in the village. The first three stanzas are devoted to describing injustices in different areas life of peasants. The last two verses expose the master, showing what the futile expectations of the defense led to. The lyrical hero does not manifest himself in any of the parts. He is just an observer. However, in last parts his irony reaches its peak.

In the first stanza, the reader watches the conversation between grandmother Nenila and the mayor Vlas. The mayor refuses the old woman's request to repair her hut. The answer is simple - there is no forest. Nenila doesn’t answer Vlas, calming herself with the thought that the master will judge everything. The second part tells about the illegal appropriation of land by a “covetous greedy man.” And again the peasants put their faith in the master. The third part shows that they rely on him even in love affairs.

The fourth part is the denouement of all the situations described: the grandmother died, the rogue neighbor is still reaping a rich harvest on someone else’s land, and the lovers are forced to part, since the “free” guy has now “ended up as a soldier.” No one ever saw the master.

In the fifth part of the poem it turns out that the master nevertheless visited the forgotten village, albeit posthumously. The old landowner was buried, and a new one took his place. He did not greatly regret the death of his predecessor; as soon as the funeral service was performed for the dead, the new master “got into his carriage and left for St. Petersburg.” With this episode, N. Nekrasov not only reveals the “secret” of why the old master did not go, but also shows the bitter truth: none of the owners will take care of the peasants.

There is not much in the poem “Forgotten Village” artistic means, which is explained by the plot and system of images. Most of all in the text there are epithets that allow you to characterize individual images and display emotions: “bad hut”, “greedy greedy man”, “free farmer”, “compassionate German”. The popular vernacular gives the text a folk flavor: pulled it off, cut it off, raves. The author emphasizes the irony with the help of diminutive words: hut, joint, zemlitsa, zemlitsa.

Work by N.A. Nekrasov consists of five six-line poems. The author uses parallel rhyme, which makes the story simple and unpretentious. The poetic meter is hexameter trochee.

“The Forgotten Village” Nekrasov

"The Forgotten Village" analysis of the work - theme, idea, genre, plot, composition, characters, issues and other issues are discussed in this article.

History of creation

The poem “Forgotten Village” was written by Nekrasov in 1856 and published in the collected works of 1856. It was originally called “Barin”.

Literary direction and genre

The poem belongs to the genre of civic poetry and raises the problem of forgotten villages abandoned by landowners. After the publication of Chernyshevsky’s review in Sovremennik No. 11 for 1856, the censor saw an allegory in the poem: in the image of the old master they saw Tsar Nicholas I, who died in 1855, the new master was Alexander II, and the forgotten village was all of Russia. But the poem should be interpreted more broadly.

Nekrasov, as a realist poet, chose the most vivid, typical images of peasants for his epic heroes. Nenila’s grandmother is the embodiment of peasant need and dull patience, Natasha reflects the plight of a peasant woman who does not belong to herself and depends on the whim of the manager, the free tiller Ignat is forced into the army due to the imperfection of the laws, and because of a bribe, the land is taken away from the peasants. Representatives of power are also typical. The master not only does not interfere in problems and is not interested in them, but also does not remember his village, in which he is destined only to be buried. The compassionate German chief manager manages the destinies of the peasants at his own discretion, not allowing Natasha to get married and pursuing his own goals. The burmistr (village elder) thinks about his own benefit, and not about the peasant’s, the bribe-taking official is bribed by a covetous neighbor.

Theme, main idea and composition

The poem consists of five stanzas, each a separate episode from the life of a forgotten village. In the first three stanzas, the peasants hope that the master will come to their village and help them in their troubles. In each stanza the refrain sounds: “The master will come.”

The fourth stanza describes the village through big gap time: the old woman Nenila, who needed wood to repair her hut, died, a piece of land taken from the peasants by her neighbor brings high yields, Ignat, who wanted to marry Natasha, “ended up as a soldier.” In this stanza one can hear disappointment, emphasized by the refrain: “The master still doesn’t come.”

The fifth stanza is also distant in time from the previous one. She describes the arrival of the master on the funeral cart in a coffin. Now the master cannot solve not only those problems that have not required solution for many years, but also new ones. And the new master, who came to the funeral, “wiped his tears” and left the forgotten village for St. Petersburg. The refrain changes again: the master arrived in a coffin, even the hope for change died.

The theme of the poem is reflected in the title: a forgotten village, abandoned by the landowner and peasants dependent on him, whose lives pass in unfulfilled expectations.

The main idea of ​​the poem: debunking the myth of the good master whom one can hope for. The life of a serf peasant is of no interest to the landowner. To summarize: peasants have nothing to hope for help from above.

Paths and images

Nekrasov describes the peasant woman Nenila using diminutive suffixes: grandmother, old woman, hut, hut. The same suffixes are used to describe peasants or their property: a joint of land, Ignasha, Natasha, boys.

Representatives of the authorities are described with negative epithets or application-characteristics: covetous greedy, rogue neighbor. The German manager is called compassionate (irony). Nekrasov uses colloquial verbs, conveying the living peasant language: he pulled it off, we’ll wait, he’ll reread, he ended up as a soldier, he’s not crazy about the wedding.

The master himself as a creature inaccessible to the peasants is not described, and the epithets describe his coffin (tall, oak).

The poem is a segment of the life of a forgotten village, during which generations have changed, children have grown up and adults have aged. The reader sees what is happening through the eyes of the peasants and perceives events through the prism of their consciousness.

The idea of ​​the poem is close to the idea of ​​the ancient Greek tragedy: a person’s life completely depends on the will of the gods, he is unable to change either circumstances or own life, can only submit. The refrain of the first three stanzas sounds like replicas of the heroes of the tragedy, hoping for help higher powers(master). In the third stanza, the peasants unite into a chorus, which, like the ancient Greek, indicates the omnipotence of fate (the master). In the fourth stanza, the heroes and the chorus lose hope, and in the fifth, something unprecedented happens in ancient Greek tragedy: the death not of a hero, but of a god. Thus, Nekrasov shows the tragedy of a person whose fate is controlled by nothing, the world of dead gods. Oblivion is the worst punishment for a person.

Meter and rhyme

The poem is written in a dolnik with four stresses per line. The proximity to tonic verse emphasizes nationality and songfulness. The stanzas consist of 6 lines with paired female rhymes, most often banal, as in folk poetry.