The use of phraseological units examples of sentences. Phraseological units that exist only in Russian

Examples of phraseological units are often given when talking man wants to emphasize the richness of the Russian language. The history of many stable verbal constructions goes back centuries. They are easily used in conversation by native speakers, but cause difficulties for foreigners. What do the most popular combinations mean?

Examples of phraseological turns with the word "nose"

Combinations in which this word is present, in most cases, are not related to the organ of smell. Vivid examples of phraseological phrases "with a nose" prove this.

"Lead by the nose." This verbal construction, meaning "to deceive", the Russian language was replenished thanks to the inhabitants Central Asia. The foreigners did not understand why the little guys were able to drive camels. Children lead these animals with a rope without encountering resistance. Camels' obedience is due to the fact that the rope, which is used to control them, passes through the ring located in the nose. They did the same with the bulls to subdue them.

"Hang your nose." Examples of phraseological turns can be continued with this original construction, which implies despondency, sadness. The meaning of the phrase will become more understandable if you add to it the lost end “per fifth”. The violinists assigned this name to the highest tonality string of their musical instrument. The nose practically touches it while playing, as the violin is supported by the chin. At the same time, the musician's head bows, his shoulders drop, an illusion of sadness is created.

Phrases with "language"

More than one phraseological phrase is associated with the name of this organ of the human body. Examples of such constructions can be given for a long time, among the most famous phrases is “tongue without bones”. This characteristic is used in relation to a person who talks a lot without thinking about the consequences. The phrase was coined at a time when people were convinced that the tongue was devoid of bones. Consequently, the body is able to take various directions, among which are unnecessary ones.

Continuing the examples of phraseological turns, we can recall the expression "the tongue swallowed". This construction implies that the speaking person suddenly stops talking. The history of the phrase has not been established precisely, but its connection with one of the military tricks is assumed. The soldiers, being captured, literally swallowed their tongues so as not to dedicate opponents to important secrets under torture. The method was also considered as a means of suicide.

Phrases with "tooth"

This word contains many phraseological turns of the Russian language. Examples can begin with the popular phrase "tit for tat". This statement means that a person who decides to commit a crime should expect an appropriate punishment. For example, a knocked out tooth entitles the victim to the same way with your own abuser. The phrases “to have a tooth”, “to sharpen a tooth”, which indicate a delayed revenge, a hidden hostility, have a similar meaning.

There are also more peaceful "dental" phraseological turns. Examples and their meaning can be considered on the basis of the expression "know by heart." So say people who are convinced of their knowledge, freely orient themselves in the topic. The phrase settled in Russian thanks to the tradition of trying coins on the tooth in order to avoid counterfeiting. The same was done with jewelry.

“Show teeth” is a construction, the meaning of which is an open threat, a demonstration of hostility. The turnover appeared thanks to the animal world, predators warn in this way about an imminent attack.

Phrases with the word "money"

Money often becomes the main word with which phraseological units are built. Examples of such expressions should start with the famous one that “money does not smell”. This truth became known to people thanks to Vespasian, the ruler who reigned in Rome in ancient times. The emperor ordered his son to sniff the coins, who was indignant at the new tax on latrines. The descendant of the king was forced to state that money actually has no smell.

Even the absence of the word “money” does not prevent us from associating phraseological units with them. Examples of sentences: "goal like a falcon", "nothing for the soul." Ancient people believed that the soul is located in the human body, taking place in the region of the collarbone. It was next to this site that it was previously customary to keep a wallet with money. Consequently, “nothing for the soul” is said, wanting to emphasize the lack of financial resources.

Expressions with elements

Fire, water, air - thanks to the mention of the elements, more than one bright phraseological phrase was born, rooted in the language. When people say "by fire and sword" they describe a ruthless method of violence. The origin of the phrase is associated with the times when wars were fought with bladed weapons and arson. Often, the lands of enemies were set on fire, completely destroying them.

"Wind in the head" is a description applied to a frivolous person who lives one day. Ancient people believed that the head of a rational individual is a vessel that contains thoughts, while the head of a fool is empty, inside it is only the wind.

The characteristic “does not muddy the water” goes to a person who is credited with decency and modesty. Once upon a time, women washed clothes using river water. Benevolent mistresses, getting upstream, made efforts not to pollute the river, without interfering with the work of those below. Selfish ladies dipped their dirty hands into the water without worrying about their neighbors.

Phrases about work

The attitude of a person to work also often made it possible to invent a well-aimed phraseological phrase. It is easy to give examples with an explanation, it is enough to recall the expression “work carelessly”. This is how people talk about those who are careless in their work. The history of the phrase goes back to the time when the peasants in Russia wore long-sleeved shirts. Before work, they had to be rolled up so as not to interfere.

Speaking of a case that is constantly being postponed, it is customary to mention the “long box”. The Russian language owes this phraseological unit to Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, who had a box for petitions from the people. The petitions were studied by the boyars, who often detained them and lost them.

"Shabby appearance" is a statement that characterizes a person who wears dirty, rumpled clothes. It appeared thanks to Peter the Great, who entrusted the management of the weaving factory to Ivan Zatrapeznikov. The products manufactured by the factory were inexpensive coarse fabric.

"Orphan of Kazan" - an expression that arose during the time of Ivan the Terrible. Having captured Kazan, the ruler paid generous compensation to some of its inhabitants. However, they often abused the benefits, portrayed the poor, persistently asked for rewards. As a result, the phrase began to be used in relation to those who pretend to be beggars.

Knowing the origin of phraseological units helps to better understand the history of the country.

The most famous phraseological units of the Russian language

Speech is a way of communication between people. In order to achieve complete mutual understanding, to express one's thoughts more clearly and figuratively, many lexical techniques are used, in particular, phraseological units (phraseological unit, idiom) - stable turns of speech that have independent meaning and are characteristic specific language. Often, to achieve some kind of speech effect, simple words are not enough. Irony, bitterness, love, mockery, one's own attitude to what is happening - all this can be expressed much more capaciously, more precisely, more emotionally. We often use phraseological units in everyday speech, sometimes without even noticing - after all, some of them are simple, familiar, and familiar from childhood. Many of the phraseological units came to us from other languages, eras, fairy tales, legends.

Augean stables

Rake first these Augean stables, and then you will go for a walk.

Meaning. A cluttered, polluted place where everything is in complete disarray.

Origin. He lived in ancient Elis, according to an ancient Greek legend, King Augius, a passionate lover of horses: he kept three thousand horses in his stables. However, the stalls in which the horses were kept had not been cleaned for thirty years, and they were overgrown with manure up to the roof.

Hercules was sent to the service of Avgius, to whom the king instructed to clean the stables, which no one else could do.

Hercules was as cunning as he was powerful. He directed the waters of the river through the gates of the stables, and a stormy stream washed out all the dirt from there in a day.

The Greeks sang this feat along with the other eleven, and the expression "Augean stables" began to apply to everything neglected, polluted to the last limit, and in general to denote a great mess.

Arshin swallow

It stands as if the arshin swallowed.

Meaning. Stay unnaturally straight.

Origin. The Turkish word "arshin", meaning a measure of length of one cubit, has long become Russian. Until the revolution, Russian merchants and artisans constantly used arshins - wooden and metal rulers seventy-one centimeters long. Imagine how a person who swallowed such a ruler should look like, and you will understand why this expression is used in relation to stiff and arrogant people.

henbane overeat

In Pushkin's "The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish," an old man, indignant at the shameless greed of his old woman, angrily says to her: "What are you, a woman, overeating with henbane?"

Meaning. Act absurdly, viciously, like crazy.

Origin. In the countryside in the backyards and dumps you can find tall bushes with dirty yellowish, purple-veined flowers and bad smell. This is henbane - a very poisonous plant. Its seeds resemble poppies, but the one who eats them becomes like a madman: he raves, rages, and often dies.

Buridan's donkey

He rushes about, cannot decide on anything, like Buridan's donkey.

Meaning. An extremely indecisive person, hesitating in the choice between equivalent decisions.

Origin. The philosophers of the late Middle Ages put forward a theory according to which the actions of living beings do not depend on their own will, "but solely on external causes. The scientist Buridan (more precisely, Buridan), who lived in France in the 14th century, confirmed this idea with such an example. Let's take a hungry donkey and put on either side of his muzzle, at equal distances, are two identical bundles of hay. The donkey will have no reason to prefer one of them over the other: they are exactly alike. He will not be able to reach out either to the right or to the left, and in the end he will die. with hunger.

Back to our sheep

However, enough about this, let's get back to our sheep.

Meaning. A call to the speaker not to digress from the main topic; a statement that his digression from the topic of conversation is over.

Origin. Let's return to our rams - tracing paper from the French revenons a nos moutons from the farce "Lawyer Pierre Patlin" (c. 1470). With these words, the judge interrupts the rich clothier's speech. Having initiated a case against the shepherd who stole the sheep from him, the clothier, forgetting about his lawsuit, showers reproaches on the shepherd's defender, Patlen's lawyer, who did not pay him for six cubits of cloth.

Versta Kolomna

At such a verst of Kolomna as you, everyone will immediately pay attention.

Meaning. So they call a person of very tall stature, a tall man.

Origin. In the village of Kolomenskoye near Moscow, there was a summer residence of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. The road there was busy, wide and was considered the main one in the state. And when they put up huge milestones, the likes of which have never happened in Russia, the glory of this road increased even more. The savvy people did not fail to take advantage of the novelty and dubbed the lanky man the Kolomna verst. That's what they still say.

lead by the nose

The smartest man, more than once or twice led the enemy by the nose.

Meaning. To deceive, mislead, promise and not fulfill the promise.

Origin. The expression was associated with fairground entertainment. Gypsies took bears to the show for a ring threaded through their noses. And they forced them, poor fellows, to do various tricks, deceiving them with the promise of handouts.

Hair on end

Horror seized him: his eyes popped out, his hair stood on end.

Meaning. So they say when a person is very scared.

Origin. “Stand on end” is to stand at attention, on your fingertips. That is, when a person is frightened, his hair stands on tiptoe on his head.

That's where the dog is buried!

Ah, that's it! Now it is clear where the dog is buried.

Meaning. That's the thing, that's the real reason.

Origin. There is a story: the Austrian warrior Sigismund Altensteig spent all campaigns and battles with his beloved dog. Once, while traveling in the Netherlands, the dog even saved his owner from death. The grateful warrior solemnly buried his four-legged friend and erected a monument on his grave, which stood for more than two centuries - until early XIX century.

Later, the dog monument could be found by tourists only with the help of local residents. At that time, the saying "That's where the dog is buried!" Was born, which now has the meaning: "I found what I was looking for", "got to the bottom of the matter."

But there is an older and no less likely source of the proverb that has come down to us. When the Greeks decided to give the Persian king Xerxes a battle at sea, they put old men, women and children on ships in advance and transported them to the island of Salamis.

They say that the dog that belonged to Xanthippus, the father of Pericles, did not want to part with his master, jumped into the sea and swam, following the ship, reached Salamis. Exhausted from fatigue, she immediately died.

According to the historian of antiquity Plutarch, this dog was placed on the seashore with a kinosema - a canine monument, which was shown to the curious for a very long time.

Some German linguists believe that this expression was created by treasure hunters, who, out of fear of the evil spirit that allegedly guarded every treasure, did not dare to directly mention the purpose of their search and conditionally began to talk about a black dog, meaning the trait and the treasure.

Thus, according to this version, the expression "this is where the dog is buried" meant: "this is where the treasure is buried."

Pour in the first number

For such deeds, of course, they should be poured on the first number!

Meaning. Severely punish, scold someone

Origin. Something, but this expression is familiar to you ... And where did it just fall on your unfortunate head! Believe it or not, but... from the old school, where students were flogged every week, regardless of whether they were right or wrong. And if the mentor overdoes it, then such a spanking was enough for a long time, until the first day of the next month.

rub glasses

Do not believe it, they rub glasses on you!

Meaning. To deceive someone by presenting the matter in a distorted, incorrect, but favorable light for the speaker.

Origin. We are not talking about glasses that are used to correct vision. There is another meaning of the word "glasses": red and black marks on playing cards. Ever since there were cards, there have been dishonest players, cheaters in the world. They, in order to deceive a partner, indulged in all sorts of tricks. By the way, they were able to quietly “rub glasses” - turn a seven into a six or a four into a five, on the go, during the game, gluing a “point” or covering it with a special white powder. It is clear that “rubbing glasses” began to mean “cheating”, hence the special words were born: “fraud”, “fraudster” - a trickster who knows how to embellish his work, pass off bad as very good.

Voice in the wilderness

Wasted labor, you won't convince them, your words are the voice of one crying in the wilderness.

Meaning. Denotes vain persuasion, calls that no one heeds.

Origin. As biblical legends convey, one of the Hebrew prophets called out from the desert to the Israelites to prepare the way for God: to lay roads in the desert, to make the mountains go down, the valleys to be filled, and the curvature and unevenness to straighten. However, the calls of the prophet-hermit remained "a voice crying in the wilderness" - they were not heard. The people did not want to serve their fierce and cruel god.

Goal like a falcon

Who will say a kind word to me? After all, I'm an orphan. Goal like a falcon.

Meaning. Very poor, beggar.

Origin. Many people think that we are talking about a bird. But she is neither poor nor rich. In fact, the “falcon” is an old military wall-beating weapon. It was a completely smooth (“bare”) cast-iron ingot, mounted on chains. Nothing extra!

Naked truth

This is the state of affairs, the naked truth without embellishment.

Meaning. Truth as it is, no bluff.

Origin. This expression is Latin: Nuda Veritas [nuda veritas]. It is taken from the 24th ode of the Roman poet Horace (65 - 8 BC). Ancient sculptors allegorically depicted the truth (truth) in the form of a naked woman, which was supposed to symbolize the true state of affairs without silence or embellishment.

Hungry as wolf

Woe onion

Do you know how to cook soup, onion woe.

Meaning. Idiot, unlucky person.

Origin. The caustic volatile substances contained in the onion in abundance irritate the eyes, and the hostess, while she crushes the onion for her cooking, sheds tears, although there is not the slightest grief. It is curious that tears caused by the action of irritating substances chemical composition different from sincere tears. There is more protein in fake tears (this is not surprising, because such tears are designed to neutralize caustic substances that have entered the eye), so fake tears are slightly cloudy. However, every person knows this fact intuitively: there is no faith in muddy tears. And onion grief is not called grief, but a transitory nuisance. Most often, half-jokingly, half-sorrowful, they turn to a child who has again done something wrong.

Two-faced Janus

She is deceitful, quirky and hypocritical, a real two-faced Janus.

Meaning. Two-faced, hypocritical person

Origin. In Roman mythology, the god of all beginnings. He was depicted with two faces - young man and an old man, looking into opposite sides. One face is turned to the future, the other to the past.

In the bag

Well, everything, now you can sleep peacefully: it's in the bag.

Meaning. It's all right, everything ended well.

Origin. Sometimes the origin of this expression is explained by the fact that in the days of Ivan the Terrible, some court cases were decided by lot, and the lot was drawn from the judge's hat. However, the word "hat" came to us no earlier than in the days of Boris Godunov, and even then it was applied only to foreign headdresses. It is unlikely that this rare word could get into a folk saying at the same time.

There is another explanation: _, much later, clerks and clerks, sorting out court cases, used their hats to receive bribes.

If only you could help me, - the plaintiff says to the deacu in a caustic poem. A. K. Tolstoy, - I would have poured those, she-she, ten rubles into a hat. Joke? "Rash now," said the deacon, holding up his cap. - Come on!

It is very possible that the question: “Well, how am I doing?” - the clerks often answered with a sly wink: "It's in the bag." This is where the proverb could come from.

Money doesn't smell

He took this money and did not wince, the money does not smell.

Meaning. It is the availability of money that is important, not the source of its origin.

Origin. To urgently replenish the treasury, the Roman emperor Vespasian introduced a tax on public urinals. However, Titus reproached his father for this. Vespasian held the money to his son's nose and asked if it smelled. He answered in the negative. Then the emperor said: “But they are from urine ...” On the basis of this episode, a catchphrase developed.

Keep in a black body

Don't let her sleep in bedBy the light of the morning star Keep a lazy man in a black body And don't take the reins off her!

Nikolay Zabolotsky

Meaning. to be harsh, to be strict with someone, making you work hard; oppress someone.

Origin. The expression comes from the Turkic expressions associated with horse breeding, meaning - moderately nourish, undernourish (kara kesek - meat without fat). The literal translation of these phrases is "black meat" (kara - black, kesek - meat). From the literal meaning of the expression came "keep in a black body."

Bring to white heat

Vile type, brings me to white heat.

Meaning. To piss off to the limit, to bring to madness.

Origin. When the metal is heated during forging, it glows differently depending on the temperature: first red, then yellow, and finally dazzling white. At higher temperatures, the metal will melt and boil. An expression from the speech of blacksmiths.

smoke rocker

In the tavern, smoke stood like a yoke: songs, dances, screams, fights.

Meaning. Noise, noise, confusion, turmoil.

Origin. In old Russia, the huts were often heated in black: the smoke did not escape through the chimney, but through a special window or door. And the shape of the smoke predicted the weather. There is a column of smoke - it will be clear, dragged - to fog, rain, rocker - to the wind, bad weather, and even a storm.

Egyptian executions

What kind of punishment is this, just Egyptian executions!

Meaning. Calamities that bring torment, heavy punishment

Origin. It goes back to the biblical story about the exodus of the Jews from Egypt. For Pharaoh's refusal to release the Jews from captivity, the Lord subjected Egypt to terrible punishments - ten Egyptian plagues. Blood instead of water. All the water in the Nile, other reservoirs and containers turned into red, but remained transparent to the Jews. Execution by frogs. As Pharaoh was promised: “They will go out and enter into your house, and into your bedroom, and onto your bed, and into the houses of your servants and your people, and into your ovens, and into your kneaders. Frogs filled the whole land of Egypt.

Midge invasion. As a third punishment, hordes of midges fell upon Egypt, which attacked the Egyptians, stuck around them, climbed into their eyes, nose, ears.

Dog flies. The country was flooded with dog flies, from which all animals, including domestic ones, began to throw themselves at the Egyptians.

Sea of ​​cattle. All the Egyptians lost their livestock, the attack did not affect only the Jews. Ulcers and boils. The Lord commanded Moses and Aaron to take a handful of furnace black and throw it up in front of Pharaoh. And the bodies of the Egyptians and animals were covered with their terrible sores and boils. Thunder, lightning and fiery hail. A storm began, thunder roared, lightning flashed, and fiery hail fell on Egypt. Locust invasion. A strong wind blew, and behind the wind hordes of locusts flew into Egypt, devouring all the greenery down to the last blade of grass on the land of Egypt.

Unusual darkness. The darkness that fell on Egypt was thick and dense, you could even touch it; and candles and torches could not dispel the darkness. Only the Jews had light.

Execution of the firstborn. After all the first-born in Egypt (with the exception of the Jews) died in one night, the pharaoh surrendered and allowed the Jews to leave Egypt. Thus began the Exodus.

Iron curtain

We live like behind an iron curtain, no one comes to us, and we don't visit anyone.

Meaning. Barriers, obstacles, complete political isolation of the country.

Origin. At the end of the XVIII century. an iron curtain was lowered onto the theater stage to protect the audience in the event of a fire on it. At that time, they used to illuminate the stage open fire- candles and oil lamps.

This expression acquired political overtones during the First World War. On December 23, 1919, Georges Clemenceau declared in the French Chamber of Deputies: "We want to put an iron curtain around Bolshevism so as not to destroy civilized Europe in the future."

Yellow press

Where did you read all this? Do not trust the yellow press.

Meaning. Base, deceitful, greedy for cheap sensations press.

Origin. In 1895, the New York World newspaper began to publish a series of comic strips called "The Yellow Kid" on a regular basis. Her main character, a boy in a toe-length yellow shirt, made funny comments on various events. In early 1896, another newspaper, the New York Morning Journal, poached the creator of the comic book, artist Richard Outcolt. Both publications thrived on the publication of scandalous material. A dispute flared up between competitors over the copyright to the "Yellow Baby". In the spring of 1896, the editor of the New York Press, Erwin Wardman, commenting on this lawsuit, contemptuously called both newspapers "yellow press."

Alive Smoking Room

A. S. Pushkin wrote an epigram to the critic M. Kachenovsky, which began with the words: “How! Is Kurilka a journalist still alive? It ended with wise advice: “... How to extinguish a stinking splinter? How to kill my Smoking room? Give me advice. - "Yes ... spit on him."

Meaning. An exclamation at the mention of the ongoing activity of someone, his existence, despite difficult conditions.

Origin. There was an old Russian game: a lit splinter was passed from hand to hand, singing: “The Smoking Room is alive, alive, alive, not dead! ..” The one whose splinter went out, began to smoke, smoke, lost.

Gradually, the words “Kurilka is alive” began to be applied to various figures and to various phenomena that, logically, should have disappeared long ago, but, despite everything, continued to exist.

Behind seven seals

Well, of course, because this is a secret for you with seven seals!

Meaning. Something beyond understanding.

Origin. It goes back to the biblical turnover “a book with seven seals” - a symbol of secret knowledge that is inaccessible to the uninitiated until seven seals are removed from it, III from the prophetic New Testament book “Revelations of St. John the Evangelist". "And I saw in right hand He who sits on the throne has a book written inside and out, sealed with seven seals. And I saw a mighty angel proclaiming with a loud voice: “Who is worthy to open this book and break its seals?” And no one in heaven, or on earth, or under the earth, could open this book and look into it. The Lamb, who “was slain and redeemed us to God with his blood, opened the seals from the book. After the removal of six seals, the seal of God was placed on the inhabitants of Israel, according to which they were accepted as true followers of the Lord. After the opening of the seventh seal, the Lamb told John to eat the book: "... it will be bitter in your womb, but in your mouth it will be sweet as honey" in order to tell about the future renewal of the whole world and dispel the fears of believers about the future of Christianity, on which Jews, Gentiles and false teachers are on all sides.

Nick down

And cut it on your nose: you will not be able to deceive me!

Meaning. Remember firmly, firmly, once and for all.

Origin. The word "nose" here does not mean the organ of smell. Oddly enough, it means "commemorative plaque", "record tag". In ancient times, illiterate people carried such sticks and tablets with them everywhere and made all kinds of notes and notches on them. These tags were called noses.

Truth in wine

And next to the neighboring tables Sleepy lackeys stick out, And drunkards with rabbit eyes shout "In vino Veritas".

Alexander Blok

Meaning. If you want to know exactly what a person thinks, treat him to wine.

Origin. This is the famous Latin expression: In vino Veritas (in wine veritas). It is taken from the work "Natural History" by the Roman scientist Pliny the Elder (1st century AD). where it is used in the sense: what is on the sober mind, then the drunk on the tongue.

It is not worth it

You shouldn't do it. The game is clearly not worth the candle.

Meaning. The effort you put in is not worth it.

Origin. The phraseological expression is based on a card term, which means that the stakes in the game are so insignificant that even the winnings will be less than the funds spent on candles to illuminate the card table.

To the hat analysis

Well, brother, you came late, to the most hat analysis!

Meaning. Be late, show up when it's all over.

Origin. The saying arose in those days when in our frosty country people, coming to church in warm clothes and knowing that it was impossible to go inside in a hat, folded their three-pieces and caps at the very entrance. At the end of the church service, leaving, everyone took them apart. “To the hat analysis” came only those who were clearly in no hurry to go to church.

Like chickens in cabbage soup (get in)

And he got with this case, like chickens in cabbage soup.

Meaning. Bad luck, unexpected misfortune.

Origin. A very common saying that we repeat all the time, sometimes having no idea about its true meaning. Let's start with the word chicken. This word in old Russian means "rooster". And there was no “schey” in this proverb before, and it was pronounced correctly: “I got into a pluck like chickens,” that is, I was plucked, “bad luck.” The word "pluck" was forgotten, and then people willy-nilly changed the expression "pluck" into cabbage soup. When she was born is not entirely clear: some think that even under Dimitry the Pretender, when “to pluck”; hit the Polish conquerors; others - that in the Patriotic War of 1812, when the Russian people forced Napoleon's hordes to flee.

King for a day

I would not trust their generous promises, which they distribute right and left: caliphs for an hour.

Meaning. About a man who happened to be on a short time endowed with power.

Origin. In the Arabic tale “A dream, or Caliph for an hour” (collection “A Thousand and One Nights”), it is told how the young Baghdadian Abu-Shssan, not knowing that Caliph Grun-al-Rashid is in front of him, shares with him his cherished dream - at least for a day to become caliph. Wanting to have some fun, Haroun al-Rashid puts sleeping pills in Abu-Ghassan's wine, orders the servants to take the young man to the palace and treat him like a caliph.

The joke succeeds. Waking up, Abu-1kssan believes that he is a caliph, enjoys luxury and begins to give orders. In the evening, he again drinks wine with sleeping pills and wakes up already at home.

Scapegoat

I fear you will forever be their scapegoat.

Meaning. The defendant for someone else's guilt, for the mistakes of others, because the true culprit cannot be found or wants to evade responsibility.

Origin. The turnover goes back to the text of the Bible, to the description of the Hebrew rite of laying the sins of the people (community) on a live goat. Such a rite was performed in case of desecration by the Jews of the sanctuary where the ark of revelation was located. In atonement for sins, a ram was burned and one goat was slaughtered "as a sin offering." All the sins and iniquities of the Jewish people were transferred to the second goat: the clergyman laid his hands on him as a sign that all the sins of the community were transferred to him, after which the goat was expelled into the wilderness. All those present at the ceremony were considered cleansed.

Lazarus sing

Stop singing Lazarus, stop being ashamed.

Meaning. Begging, whining, exaggeratedly complaining about fate, trying to arouse the sympathy of others.

Origin. In tsarist Russia, crowds of beggars, cripples, blind men with guides gathered everywhere in crowded places, begging, with all sorts of miserable lamentations, alms from passers-by. At the same time, the blind especially often sang the song “About the Rich and Lazarus”, composed according to one gospel story. Lazarus was poor, but his brother was rich. Lazarus ate the remnants of the rich man's food along with the dogs, but after death he went to heaven, while the rich man ended up in hell. This song was supposed to frighten and conscience those from whom the beggars begged for money. Since not all beggars were actually so unfortunate, their plaintive moans were often feigned.

Climb on the rampage

He promised to be careful, but he deliberately climbs on the rampage!

Meaning. Do something risky, run into trouble, do something dangerous, doomed to failure in advance.

Origin. Rozhon - a pointed stake that was used when hunting a bear. Hunting with a goad, the daredevils put this sharp stake in front of them. The enraged beast climbed on the rampage and died.

Disservice

The incessant praise from your lips is a real disservice.

Meaning. Unsolicited help, a service that does more harm than good.

Origin. The primary source is the fable of I. A. Krylov “The Hermit and the Bear”. It tells how the Bear, wanting to help his friend the Hermit to swat a fly that sat on his forehead, killed the Hermit himself along with it. But this expression is not in the fable: it took shape and entered folklore later.

Cast pearls before swine

In a letter to A. A. Bestuzhev (end of January 1825), A. S. Pushkin writes: “The first sign of an intelligent person is to know at a glance who you are dealing with, and not throw pearls in front of the Repetilovs and the like.”

Meaning. Wasting words talking to people who can't understand you.

Origin. In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus Christ says: “Do not give anything holy to dogs and do not throw your pearls before swine, lest they trample it under their feet and, turning, tear you to pieces” (Gospel of Matthew, 7: b). In the Church Slavonic translation, the word "pearl" sounds like "beads". It was in this version that this biblical expression entered the Russian language.

You can't ride a goat

He looks down on everyone, you can’t drive up to him even on a crooked goat.

Meaning. He is completely unapproachable, it is not clear how to address him.

Origin. Amusing their high patrons, using both the harp and bells for their fun, dressing up in goat and bear skins, in the plumage of a crane, these “spies” sometimes knew how to do good deeds.

It is possible that their repertoire included riding goats or pigs. Obviously, it was the buffoons who sometimes met with such a bad mood of a high-ranking person that "even a goat did not act on him."

unlucky person

Nothing went right with him, and in general he was a good-for-nothing person.

Meaning. Frivolous, careless, dissolute.

Origin. In the old days in Russia, not only the road was called the way, but also various positions at the prince's court. The falconer's path is in charge of princely hunting, the trapping path is dog hunting, the equestrian path is carriages and horses. The boyars, by hook or by crook, tried to get a way from the prince - a position. And to those who did not succeed, they spoke of those with disdain: an unlucky person.

Shelving

Now put it aside in a long box, and then completely forget.

Meaning. Give the case a long delay, delay its decision for a long time.

Origin. Perhaps this expression originated in Muscovite Russia, three hundred years ago. Tsar Alexei, father of Peter I, ordered in the village of Kolomenskoye in front of his palace to install a long box where anyone could put their complaint. Complaints fell, but it was very difficult to wait for a decision: months and years passed. The people renamed this "long" box to "long".

It is possible that the expression, if not born, was fixed in speech later, in “presences” - institutions of the 19th century. The then officials, accepting various petitions, complaints and petitions, undoubtedly sorted them, putting them in different boxes. "Long" could be called the one where the most unhurried things were put off. It is clear that the applicants were afraid of such a box.

Retired goat drummer

I am now out of office - a retired goat drummer.

Meaning. No one needs, no one respected person.

Origin. In the old days, trained bears were taken to fairs. They were accompanied by a dancer boy dressed up as a goat, and a drummer accompanying his dance. This was the "goat drummer". He was perceived as a worthless, frivolous person. And if the goat is also “retired”?

Bring under the monastery

What have you done, what am I to do now, led me to the monastery, and nothing more.

Meaning. Put in a difficult, unpleasant situation, bring under punishment.

Origin. There are several versions of the origin of the turnover. Perhaps the turnover arose because people who had big troubles in life usually left for the monastery. According to another version, the expression is connected with the fact that Russian guides brought enemies under the walls of monasteries, which during the war turned into fortresses (bring a blind man under a monastery). Some believe that the expression is associated with the hard life of women in Tsarist Russia. Only strong relatives could save a woman from her husband's beatings, having achieved protection from the patriarch and the authorities. In this case, the wife "brought her husband to the monastery" - he was exiled to the monastery "in humility" for six months or a year.

put a pig

Well, he has a vile character: he planted a pig and is satisfied!

Meaning. Secretly set up some filth, play a dirty trick.

Origin. In all likelihood, this expression is due to the fact that some peoples do not eat pork for religious reasons. And if such a person was imperceptibly put pork meat in his food, then his faith was defiled by this.

Get into a bind

The small one got into such a bind that even the guards shout.

Meaning. Get into a difficult, dangerous or unpleasant situation.

Origin. In dialects, BINDING is a fish trap woven from branches. And, as in any trap, being in it is an unpleasant business.

Professor of sour cabbage soup

He is always teaching everyone. Me too, professor of sour cabbage soup!

Meaning. Unlucky, bad master.

Origin. Sour cabbage soup - simple peasant food: some water, yes sauerkraut. It wasn't hard to prepare them. And if someone was called a master of sour cabbage soup, it meant that he was not good for anything worthwhile.

Beluga roar

For three days in a row she roared like a beluga.

Meaning. Shout or cry loudly.

Origin. "Mute like a fish" - this has been known for a long time. And suddenly "roar beluga"? It turns out that we are not talking about a beluga here, but about a beluga whale, as the polar dolphin is called. He really roars very loudly.

Breed antimony

All conversation is over. I have no time to raise antimony here with you.

Meaning. To chat, to carry on empty talk. Observe unnecessary ceremonies in a relationship.

Origin. From Latin name antimony (antimonium), which was used as a medicinal and cosmetic product, after grinding it and then dissolving it. Antimony is poorly soluble, so the process was very long and laborious. And while it was dissolving, the pharmacists had endless conversations.

The side of the bake

Why would I go to them? Nobody called me. It's called came - on the side of the bake!

Meaning. Everything accidental, extraneous, adhering to something from the outside; superfluous, unnecessary

Origin. This expression is often distorted by pronouncing "side-baked". In fact, it could also be conveyed by the words: “side baking”. Baking, or baking, bakers have burnt pieces of dough that stick to the outside of bread products, that is, something unnecessary, superfluous.

Orphan Kazan

Why are you standing, rooted to the threshold, like an orphan from Kazan.

Meaning. So they say about a person who pretends to be unhappy, offended, helpless in order to pity someone.

Origin. This phraseological unit arose after the conquest of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible. Mirzas (Tatar princes), being subjects of the Russian Tsar, tried to beg him for all sorts of indulgences, complaining about their orphanhood and bitter fate.

Grated roll

As a grated kalach, I can give you good advice.

Meaning. This is the name of an experienced person who is difficult to deceive.

Origin. There used to be such a kind of bread - “grated kalach”. The dough for it was kneaded, kneaded, “rubbed” for a very long time, which made the kalach unusually lush. And there was also a proverb - "do not grate, do not mint, there will be no kalach." That is, a person is taught by trials and tribulations. The expression came from a proverb, and not from the name of bread.

Pip on your tongue

What are you saying, pip on your tongue!

Meaning. An expression of dissatisfaction with what was said, an unkind wish to someone who says something that is not what should be said.

Origin. It is clear that this is a wish, and not a very friendly one at that. But what is its meaning? A pip is a small, horny bump on the tip of a bird's tongue that helps them peck at food. The growth of such a tubercle can be a sign of illness. Hard pimples on the tongue of a person are called pips by analogy with these bird tubercles. According to superstitious ideas, a pip usually appears in deceitful people. Hence the unkind wish, designed to punish liars and deceivers. From these observations and superstitions, the incantation formula was born: “Pip on your tongue!” Its main meaning was: "You are a liar: let a pip appear on your tongue!" Now the meaning of this spell has changed somewhat. "Pip on your tongue!" - an ironic wish to someone who expressed an unkind thought, predicted an unpleasant one.

Sharpen laces

Why are you sitting idle and whetting your hair?

Meaning. To idle talk, engage in useless chatter, gossip.

Origin. Lasy (balusters) are chiseled curly posts of railings at the porch; only a real master could make such beauty. Probably, at first, “sharpening balusters” meant having an elegant, bizarre, ornate (like balusters) conversation. And the craftsmen to conduct such a conversation by our time became less and less. So this expression began to denote empty chatter. Another version raises the expression to the meaning of the Russian word balyas - stories, Ukrainian balyas - noise, which go directly to the common Slavic "tell".

pull the gimp

Now they are gone, he will pull the rigmarole until we give up this idea ourselves.

Meaning. To procrastinate, to drag out any business, to speak monotonously and tediously.

Origin. Gimp - the thinnest gold, silver or copper thread, which was used to embroider galloons, aiguillettes and other decorations of officer uniforms, as well as chasubles of priests and simply rich costumes. It was made in a handicraft way, heating the metal and carefully pulling out a thin wire with tongs. This process was extremely long, slow and painstaking, so that over time the expression "pull the gimp" began to refer to any protracted and monotonous business or conversation.

Hit the face in the dirt

You don’t let me down, don’t lose face in front of the guests.

Meaning. Embarrass, shame.

Origin. To hit the face in the dirt originally meant "to fall on the dirty ground." Such a fall was considered by the people to be especially shameful in fisticuffs - competitions of wrestlers, when a weak opponent was knocked over prone to the ground.

In the middle of nowhere

What, go to him? Yes, this is in the middle of nowhere.

Meaning. Very far, somewhere in the wilderness.

Origin. Kulichiki is a distorted Finnish word "kuligi", "kulizhki", which has long been included in Russian speech. So in the north were called forest clearings, meadows, swamps. Here, in the wooded part of the country, the settlers of the distant past were always cutting down “kulizhki” in the forest - areas for plowing and mowing. In old letters, the following formula is constantly found: "And all that land, as long as the ax walked and the scythe walked." The farmer often had to go to his field in the wilderness, to the farthest "sandbags", developed worse than the neighbors, where, according to the then ideas, goblin, and devils, and all kinds of forest evil spirits were found in swamps and windbreaks. So ordinary words got their second, figurative meaning: very far, at the end of the world.

fig leaf

She is a terrible pretender and lazy, hiding behind her imaginary illness, like a fig leaf.

Meaning. A plausible cover for unseemly deeds.

Origin. The expression goes back to the Old Testament myth about Adam and Eve, who, after the fall, knew shame and girded themselves with fig leaves ( fig tree): “And their eyes were opened, and they knew that they were naked, and they sewed together fig leaves, and made themselves aprons” (Genesis 3:7). From the 16th to the end of the 18th century, European artists and sculptors had to cover the most revealing parts of the human body with a fig leaf in their works. This convention was a concession christian church, who considered the image of naked flesh sinful and obscene.

Filkin's letter

What kind of filkin's letter is this, can't you really state your thoughts?

Meaning. Ignorant, illiterate document.

Metropolitan Philip could not come to terms with the revelry of the guardsmen. In his numerous letters to the tsar - letters - he sought to convince Grozny to abandon his policy of terror, to dissolve the oprichnina. The disobedient Metropolitan Tsyuzny contemptuously called Filka, and his letters - Filkin's letters.

For the bold denunciations of Grozny and his guardsmen, Metropolitan Philip was imprisoned in the Tver Monastery, where Malyuta Skuratov strangled him.

Grab the stars from the sky

He is a man not without abilities, but there are not enough stars from heaven.

Meaning. Do not differ in talents and outstanding abilities.

Origin. Phraseological expression, apparently associated by association with the award stars of the military and officials as insignia.

Enough kondrashka

He was a heroic health, and suddenly kondrashka was enough.

Meaning. Someone suddenly died, was suddenly paralyzed.

Origin. According to the assumption of the historian S. M. Solovyov, the expression is associated with the name of the leader of the Bulavinsky uprising on the Don in 1707, ataman Kondraty Afanasyevich Bulavin (Kondrashka), who exterminated the entire royal detachment led by the voivode Prince Dolgoruky with a sudden raid.

Apple of discord

This trip is a real bone of contention, can't you give in, let him go.

Meaning. That which gives rise to conflict, serious contradictions.

Origin. Peleus and Thetis, the hero's parents Trojan War Achilles, they forgot to invite the goddess of discord, Eris, to their wedding. Eris was very offended and secretly threw a golden apple on the table, at which the gods and mortals were feasting; on it was written: "To the most beautiful." A dispute arose between the three goddesses: the wife of Zeus Hera, Athena - the maiden, the goddess of wisdom, and the beautiful goddess of love and beauty Aphrodite.

The young man Paris, the son of the Trojan king Priam, was chosen as a judge between them. Paris gave the apple to Aphrodite who bribed him; For this, Aphrodite forced the wife of King Menelaus, the beautiful Helen, to fall in love with the young man. Leaving her husband, Elena went to Troy, and in order to avenge such an insult, the Greeks began a long-term war with the Trojans. As you can see, the apple of Eris actually led to discord.

Pandora's Box

Well, now hold on, Pandora's box has opened.

Meaning. All that can serve as a source of disaster if not careful.

Origin. When the great titan Prometheus stole the fire of the gods from Olympus and gave people the fire of the gods, Zeus terribly punished the daredevil, but it was too late. Possessing the divine flame, people ceased to obey the celestials, learned various sciences, and got out of their miserable state. A little more - and they would have won complete happiness for themselves.

Then Zeus decided to send punishment on them. The blacksmith god Hephaestus fashioned the beautiful woman Pandora from earth and water. The rest of the gods gave her: who is cunning, who is courage, who is extraordinary beauty. Then, handing her a mysterious box, Zeus sent her to earth, forbidding her to open the box. Curious Pandora, barely having come into the world, slightly opened the lid. Immediately all human disasters flew out from there and scattered throughout the universe. Pandora, in fear, tried to close the lid again, but in the box of all misfortunes, only a deceptive hope remained.

A small list of 70 phraseological units of the Russian language, which include numerals, to help schoolchildren (who, however, themselves could rummage through the dictionary).

There are many phraseological units in Russian, where one of the components of the figurative expression is numeral. Moreover, as is often the case with phraseological units, this very component loses its direct, in this case numerical, meaning and acquires the meaning of an indefinite amount. Sometimes indefinitely small, sometimes indefinitely large and significant. And most often, the quantitative value is completely absent or rethought. For example: using phraseology "twenty-five again", we express dissatisfaction with something that is repeated and boring many times, and does not at all try to assert that there were exactly 25 of these repetitions.

I'll try to bring a series of phraseological units in ascending order of numerical value(from zero - "insignificance" and one - "very small and insignificant" to the mythical three and seven, expressing an incalculably large multitude, and so on ... up to a hundred).

Moreover, when I write about the concept that certain numerals can convey, remember that exceptions are very common, and the patterns given here are very general and approximate.

So:
0 - conveys the concept of insignificance (and indeed, in mathematics, this is a number, from the addition of which no number changes).

absolute zero- a person is insignificant, completely useless in any business.

1 - means 1. negligible amount 2. loneliness, insignificance, helplessness; 3. sameness, similarity 4. unity.

One as a finger- lonely.
One is alone- lonely.
One world smeared- with the same flaws.
Birds of a feather- completely similar in spirit, in their behavior or position
For one cut- same, similar.
For one block- same, similar.
For one person- very similar to each other, devoid of individual, significant differences; about someone or something.
In one fell swoop- immediately, in one go.
One rope tied (s)- united by something common, inseparable.
In a word- concluding something said, "in short."
With one voice- 1. all together, at the same time (answer, ask, etc.). 2. unanimously, unanimously (to approve, repeat, etc.).
Measure by one arshin- approach the assessment of various people, phenomena, circumstances, etc. the same, regardless of individual differences.
For one tooth- very little food.
One hell- (rude) the same thing, it doesn't matter.
One to one- one is better than the other.
one end- an expression of desperate determination: there is no choice, a sad outcome awaits.
One on one- without strangers.
One step to..- Very close
One size fits all(cut everyone) - equalize everyone in some way.
like one minute- very fast.
One foot here, the other there- Very close.
live in one house-together, to manage the household together.
At least one eye- briefly (look, look, etc. at someone or something).
In one fell swoop; With one spirit- at once, quickly drink or do something
With one stroke of a pen- a simple signature under an order, order, etc., usually without delving into the essence of the matter, instantly, quickly (to do something).
All to one- (all) without exception, completely.
One foot in the grave- close to death.
First swallow- the very first among such or the earliest signs of the appearance of something
First person- a random person.

2 - 1. immediacy, speed, proximity in the distance; 2. small quantity; 3. division (for example: on two fronts)

One or two and you're done- about something that can be quickly done, cooked, etc.
One or two yes and miscalculated- so little that you can count (or do not need to count).
In two counts- very quickly, instantly; without delay.
Two steps from...- Very close.
Two of a Kind- one is not better than the other.
Kill two birds with one stone(meaning phraseologism) - immediately perform two necessary, important things; achieve two goals.
Look like two drops of water (like two drops of water - the meaning and use of phraseological units) - absolutely, very much alike.
For two words- (call) to talk briefly about something.
Hell no- not at all, it won't happen.
From the pot two inches() - small in stature or small in age, inexperienced.
second hand- through intermediaries (to learn, receive, etc.) (= from third parties)
There are two throats- there is a lot.
On two fronts- act in two different directions.
Between two fires- to be in a difficult, dangerous position, when troubles threaten from two sides.
sit between two chairs- to be in an uncertain position.
Not two or one and a half- something indefinite.
Double edged stick- about what can end well or badly.

3 - carries the meaning of high quality or a high degree of expressiveness of the action.

in three necks(to drive) - rudely, with beatings and swearing to drive.
With three boxes(lie, tell lies) - tell a lot of lies.
In three deaths(bend) - bend very low.
Three streams(cry) - cry, uncontrollably, bitterly, shedding tears profusely.

Within four walls- live without leaving home

5 - causes associations with something superfluous.

Fifth-tenth- used when listing something superficially (unimportant) instead of a detailed listing.
Like a dog's fifth leg. Like a fifth wheel on a cart. Fifth wheel in the cart- about absolutely unnecessary.

7 - an incalculably large number.

Seven Fridays in a week- who often changes his mind.
Seven spans in the forehead- very smart, capable.
Seventh heaven- a state of supreme joy, happiness, "like in paradise."
Seventh water on jelly- a very distant relative
Seven on the benches- someone has a lot of small children.
For seven miles of jelly slurp- go far and in vain, go, drag, etc. somewhere.
Seven sweats gone- a lot of effort has been expended by someone to accomplish, implement something.
Work up a sweat- to work very hard.

Ninth Wave- formidable, indestructible force

Tenth water on jelly- the same as the "seventh water on jelly", that is, a distant relative.
Get into the top ten- hit right on target.

And other phraseological units with numerals:

twenty five again- the same, the same; about something boring, constantly, systematically, invariably repeating.
Give a hundred points ahead- significantly superior to someone in something.
one hundred to one- about something that can happen with a high degree of probability.
Far Far Away kingdom. Thirtieth Kingdom- about some very remote place, in Russian fairy tales - a very distant country, land.
For distant lands- in a distant side, very far away (originally in fairy tales).

This page contains phraseological units of various kinds, everything is described in detail and sorted out, so that everything is convenient. Otherwise, they are called phraseological turns. These are phrases that, in terms of the composition of their words, do not correspond to true words, but at the same time are solidary in meaning. Proverbs and sayings do not count :-)

As you have already noticed, sorted into groups. The most popular of them concern water, body parts (nose, tongue, etc.) and bread. And also about animals and food. So let's go.

Phraseologisms with the word "water" and related to it

Storm in a teacup- strong excitement or irritability over trifles.
It is written with a pitchfork on the water- purely theoretical; that is, it is not known what will happen next.
Carry water in a sieve- to waste time in vain, to idle.
Get water in your mouth- to be silent, as if in fact the mouth is full of water.
Bring to clean water- reveal the truth, expose, find out the true face.
Come out dry from water- go unpunished, without consequences.
ride the wave- provoke aggression, raise unnecessary noise.
Money is like water- they disappear very quickly, and it is not so easy to return them.
To stay afloat- to continue to develop in spite of difficulties, to successfully conduct business.
Wait by the sea for the weather- expect pleasant events that are unlikely to wait.
Life abounds- when life is full of bright events, it does not stand still.
How to look into the water- predicted, as if he knew in advance. By analogy with divination by water.
How to sink into the water disappeared, disappeared without a trace.
Down in the mouth- about sadness, sadness.
Like water through your fingers- about what goes quickly and imperceptibly. Usually in pursuit.
The same- very similar.
How to drink to give- very simple; exactly, no doubt.
Like water off a duck's back- all for nothing. Similar to phraseologism - Come out dry from water.
Like snow on your head- about an impending event. Suddenly, suddenly, out of nowhere.
Sink into oblivion- to disappear forever, to indulge in oblivion.
Bathe in gold about very rich people.
The ice has broken- about the beginning of any business.
Pour water- to show negativity, to provoke.
A lot of water has flowed- a lot of time has passed.
Reckless- about a brave man who cares nothing.
Darker than clouds- Excessive anger.
muddy the waters- confuse, bewilder.
At the top of the wave- to be in favorable conditions.
Do not spill water- about a strong, inseparable friendship.
Pour from empty to empty
To go with the flow- act passively, obeying the prevailing circumstances.
Underwater rocks- about any hidden danger, trick, obstacle.
After the rain on Thursday Never, or not at all soon.
Last straw- about an event in which a person's patience is running out.
Pass fire, water and copper pipes- go through difficult trials, difficult situations.
a dime a dozen- a lot, a lot.
Don't drink water from your face- love a person not for appearance, but for internal qualities.
Get from the bottom of the sea- solve any problem without looking at any difficulties.
Hide the ends in the water- hide the traces of the crime.
Quieter than water, lower than grass- about quiet, modest behavior.
Pound water in a mortar- do something useless.
Wash your hands- to evade participation or responsibility in any business.
pure water- about something obvious, not having any doubts.

Phraseological units with the word "nose" and other parts of the body

grumble under your breath- to grumble, to speak indistinctly.
hang your nose- to be discouraged, upset.
lead by the nose- to deceive, to lie.
Chin up!- a command not to lose heart, not to be upset.
Turn up one's nose- to put oneself above others, to put on airs, to think of oneself as the main one.
Nick down- to remember completely.
nod off- doze with your head down.
Wrinkle your nose- think about a difficult task.
On the nose- about an event that should happen in the near future.
Can't see beyond your nose- limit yourself, do not notice what is happening around.
Nose to nose or Face to face- very close, on the contrary, very close.
Keep your nose to the wind- be aware of all events, make the right decision.
Stay with your nose or Get away with your nose- do without what you expected.
Right under your nose- Very close.
With a goofy nose- about a dove that has a small nose, that is, very little.
Poke your nose into other people's business- about excessive curiosity.
Poke your nose- that is, until you poke your nose, you yourself will not see.
Wipe your nose- to prove one's superiority, to win over someone.
bury your nose- Get completely immersed in something.

speak through teeth- that is, to speak indistinctly, barely opening your mouth.
speak teeth- divert attention from the essence of the conversation.
Know by heart- that is, to know firmly, firmly.
Bare teeth or Show teeth- snarl, get angry; mock.
Too tough- not under force.
Not in the tooth with a foot- to do nothing, to know nothing.
Put your teeth on the shelf- starve, annoy, lacking in something.
Grit your teeth- go into battle without despair. Restrain yourself without showing your weakness.

Keep your mouth shut- be silent, do not say a word.
Long tongue- about a person who likes to talk a lot.
bite your tongue- refrain from words.
Dissolve language- to say too much without refraining.
Tongue swallow- be silent, not having the desire to speak.

Be careful- be careful to avoid an emergency.
Keep ears up- be careful, careful, do not trust anyone.
For eyes and ears- about giving time with a surplus to complete any business.
Can't see your ears- about an item that will never get.
Blush up to your ears- to be very ashamed, embarrassed.
hang your ears- listen with excessive enthusiasm, trust everything.

Eyes popped out- about sincere surprise, amazement.
Eyes lit up- longing for something.
shoot with eyes- expressively, coquettishly look at someone.
Like an eyesore- to bother someone, to annoy.
Pull the wool over someone's eyes- create a false, overly pleasant impression of yourself. Boast.
From point of view- about someone's opinion, judgment on a particular topic.
See through your fingers- look inattentively at the problem, do not be picky.
Ogle- to attract attention, to suck up.

You won't take it in your mouth- about food cooked tastelessly.
Lip no fool- about a person who knows how to choose something to taste.
pout lips- to make a displeased face, to be offended.
Roll your lip- wanting a lot with minimal opportunities.
With an open mouth- listen attentively; be surprised.

Flew out of my head- about forgetfulness, inattention.
Have a head on your shoulders- to be smart, quick-witted.
To be puzzled- to think hard, hard, trying to understand something.
fool your head- to deceive, fool, confuse.
From head to toes- completely, in full growth.
Put upside down- to give the opposite meaning to something, to distort.
Breaking my head- very fast.
Hit your face in the dirt- disgrace, disgrace before someone.

be at hand- about something accessible, close.
Keep yourself in hand- to maintain self-control, to be restrained.
How it was removed by hand- about the quickly passed pain, illness.
Bite your elbows- regret what you have done, with the inability to return back.
Hands down- Do the work diligently, without interruptions.
Hand in hand- about a joint, agreed deal or friendship.
At hand- about an object that is nearby, very close.
Grab with both hands- to take pleasure in any business.
Skillful fingers- about a talented person who skillfully copes with any work.

Get up on the wrong foot- Wake up feeling down.
Wipe your feet (about someone)- to harm, to get on your nerves, to annoy.
making feet- go, move.
Step on your heels- to catch up with someone or pursue, hanging on it.
Legs to hands- Do something immediately.
The devil himself will break his leg- about disorder, chaos in business or anywhere.
Get off your feet- very tired in any business or path.

Phraseologisms with the word "bread"

There is a gift of bread- do no good.
And that bread- about the estate of at least something, than nothing at all.
On your bread- live on your salary, without the possibility of anyone.
Not by bread alone- about a person who lives not only materially, but also spiritually.
Beat bread- to deprive the opportunity to earn money by selecting a job.
Survive from bread to kvass (to water)- to live in poverty, starve.
Sit down on bread and water- eat the cheapest food, save on food.
Daily bread- about the necessary for human life, its existence.
Bread and salt- an expensive greeting to guests, an invitation to the table.
Meal'n'Real!– an exclamation about the filing of vital priorities.
Don't feed bread- about a very busy or rich, not hungry person.

Phraseologisms on the topic of cuisine and food

free cheese- bait, luring into a trap.
Boil in your own juice- live your life. Or help yourself without the help of others.
Not worth a damn- about what is insignificant and not worth any cost.
donut hole- about something empty, not having any content.
For seven miles of jelly slurp- go somewhere unnecessarily.
brew porridge- to create a problem, they say, he brewed it himself - and disentangle it yourself.
And you can’t lure with a roll- about someone who can't be forced to change his mind.
Like chickens in cabbage soup- about getting into unexpected trouble. Kur - in old Russian "rooster".
Like clockwork- very simple, no problem.
Live like a lord- about a profitable, comfortable life.
You can't cook porridge- about joint action with someone with whom there will be no sense.
Milk rivers, kissel banks- about a fabulous, fully provided life.
Not at ease- feel uncomfortable. In an awkward situation.
Not salty slurping- not getting what you expected. To no avail.
For no rugs- an analogue of a phraseological unit And you can’t lure with a roll.
Neither fish nor fowl- about an ordinary person who does not have anything bright, expressive.
cut off hunk- about a person living independently, independent of others.
Professor of sour cabbage soup- about a person who talks about things that he himself does not really know.
Easier than a steamed turnip- nowhere is easier, or very simple.
To fix the mess- Solving complex, advanced problems.
The fish goes out from the head- if the government is bad, then the subordinates will become the same.
Side of the bake- about someone or something unnecessary, optional, secondary.
Seventh water on jelly- about distant relatives, which are difficult to determine.
dog eat- about any business with a rich amount of experience.
Grated roll- about a person with rich life experience, not lost in difficult situations.
Radish horseradish is not sweeter- about an insignificant exchange for something that is not better.
Worse than bitter radish- about something completely unbearable, unbearable.
Nonsense on vegetable oil- that does not deserve any attention. Absurdity.
An hour later, a teaspoon- about inactive, unproductive work.

Phraseologisms with animals

Chasing two rabbits Trying to do two things at the same time.
To make mountains out of molehills- greatly exaggerate.
tease the geese- to annoy someone, to provoke anger.
No brainer (Goat understandable)- about something very clear, obvious.
And the wolves are full, and the sheep are safe- about a situation in which both here and there are good.
look for tails– look for sources for cooperation in any enterprise.
Like a cat with a dog- living together with constant swearing.
Like a chicken paw- to do something carelessly, carelessly, crookedly.
Like a chicken and an egg- about any subject that is difficult to part with.
Like a mouse to groats- to pout, to express dissatisfaction, resentment.
When cancer on the mountain whistles Never, or not at all.
Cats scratch at heart- about a sad, difficult condition or mood.
crocodile tears- crying for no reason, compassion for a non-existent sign.
Chickens for laughter- stupid, absurd, absurd, ridiculous.
Chickens don't peck- about in large numbers some person's money.
Lion's share- a big advantage in the direction of something. The biggest part.
Martyshkin labor- a useless process of work, vain efforts.
bear stepped on ear- about a person without a musical ear.
bear corner- a remote, isolated place. Far from civilization.
Disservice- help that brings more evil than good.
Cast pearls before swine- to conduct intelligent conversations in front of little understanding fools.
You can't ride on a crooked goat- about any person to whom it is difficult to find an approach.
On a bird's eye- not to have any legal grounds, provisions.
Not in horse food (oats)- about efforts that do not give the expected results.
Don't sew the mare's tail- completely unnecessary, out of place.
I'll show you where the crayfish hibernate- a prediction of revenge, an undesirable position.
Release the red rooster- arson, start a fire
Bird's-eye- from a great height, giving an overview of a large space.
Put a pig- to mischief, to do something unpleasant.
Watch like a ram on a new gate- to look at something with a stupid expression.
dog cold- severe cold, causing inconvenience.
Count the crows- to yawn, to be inattentive to something.
A dark horse- an obscure, little-known person.
Pull the cat's tail- to delay the case, to work very slowly.
Kill two birds with one stone solve two problems at the same time.
Though the wolf howl- about any situation without the possibility of changing it for the better.
The black cat ran- to break off friendly relations, to quarrel.

Phraseological units with objects, other phraseological units

dead hour- for a long time.
Beat the thumbs- to do simple, not so important business.
Throw to the mercy of fate- to leave somewhere without helping and without being interested.
Put a spoke in wheel to intervene, intentionally interfere with someone.
go around the mountain- do something great.
Keep in line- treat someone strictly, for the good of one's will.
Keep your pocket wider- about too high and unrealizable hopes, expectations.
From dirt to Kings- suddenly and abruptly achieve amazing success.
out of the ordinary- different from the usual, special.
Reinvent the wheel- try to do something from an already proven, reliable means.
From time immemorial- a long, long time ago.
The stone fell from the soul (from the heart)- a feeling of relief when getting rid of something oppressive.
oil painting- Everything is well and beautifully converged.
Roll a barrel- act aggressively towards someone.
Mom don't worry- about something extraordinary, beyond the ordinary understanding of things.
Change the awl for soap It's pointless to change one useless thing for another.
Cover yourself with a copper basin- suddenly and abruptly disappear, deteriorate; perish.
Found a scythe on a stone- Faced with an irreconcilable contradiction of opinions and interests.
Does not burn- not so important, not urgent.
Not far away- nearby, not too far away in time or space.
Not a bastard- not simple, not stupid.
It is too expensive- about the inconsistency with someone's income, financial capabilities.
From our table to yours- the transfer of any property to another person.
Shelving- leave something for an indefinite period of time.
Go too far- to be overzealous in something.
The song is sung- someone or something has come to an end.
Shoulder- about the ability to cope with something.
Essentially- Naturally, of course.
Add fuel to the fire- deliberately aggravate the conflict, provoke.
The train left- lost time to do something.
One, two - and miscalculated- about something in a small amount that is easy to count.
Born in a shirt- about a very lucky person who miraculously escaped tragedy.
Make ends meet- Difficulty coping with financial difficulties.
move a mountain- a lot to do.
Sitting on pins and needles- to be impatient, waiting, if you want to achieve something.
At least henna- about the indifference of a person who does not care about someone else's misfortune.

Phraseologisms are pearls, nuggets and

gems of the native language.
A.I. Efimov

Phraseologisms, winged words and expressions- these are figurative, well-aimed, stable expressions, sayings, turns of speech that have come into common use. They are called winged because they quickly fly from mouth to mouth. The meaning of such expressions is sometimes difficult to unravel, because it does not consist of the meanings of the words included in them.

Phraseological phrases greatly decorate our speech, make it expressive, figurative. The richer the vocabulary, the more interesting, brighter a person expresses his thoughts. The study of phraseological units helps to instill in the child an interest in the word, in the history of the native language.

Understanding phraseological units when reading fiction, newspapers and magazines, when watching films, their use in oral and written speech is an indicator of the level of proficiency in the native language.

Fun and entertaining content brought to your attention books help children in a playful way learn to find, recognize and memorize phraseological units, it is appropriate to use catchphrases in their speech, enrich their vocabulary, develop their ability to logically and consistently express their thoughts.

Get to know selected materials from book Ageeva I.D.

PHRASEOLOGICAL RIDDLES-FOLDS

Finish the line of the catchphrase in rhyme.

Sits very straight
proud sir -
As if now
SWALLOWED he ... (ARSHIN).

"Arshin swallowed"- so they say about a person who stands or sits unnaturally straight. And "arshin" here is a ruler 0.71 m long. Such was the old Russian measure of length.

Borka has two "twos" in a quarter.
Yes, WITHOUT THE KING my friend IN ... (HEAD).

“Without a king in the head” they say about a stupid, unthinking, imprudent person.

Be like all girls
I didn't want to since childhood.
I don’t shed tears, I don’t paint -
I AM A CROW… (WHITE).
I do boxing
Disobedient temperament.
I don't want a bird
Get black!

"White Crow" they call a person who stands out sharply among others, not at all like everyone else.

Oh, our messy Taras -
Waiting for a friend BEAT... (HOUR)

"The Dead Hour"- for a long time, for a long time, endlessly. The broken hour - from the fact that the time was previously reported by striking the bell.

Ilyusha has nothing to do -
All day long he BEATS ... (BUCKLUSHI).
Doesn't draw, doesn't read
Just TIME... (KILLS).
WASTE SUMMER -
There is no Internet at the cottage.

"beat the buckets"- to be idle. "Waste time"- to fill unoccupied time with some random occupation, to waste time in vain. "Abyss for nothing"- no result.

My little brother started smoking
We urgently need to BEAT IN ... (NABAT).
From dangerous cigarettes
So much trouble for health!

"Beat the alarm"- raise the alarm, call for help.

We don't care about a cold
Health HAPPENS in us ... (KEY).
Sun, air and water
Here we are always healthy.

"Beat the key"- vigorously, actively express themselves, flow.

With difficulty "R" we
Second year already
FIGHT HARD
LIKE A FISH ABOUT ... (ICE).
And wonderful
Our speech therapist
Over this time
It has become completely gray.

"Fight like a fish on ice"- make every effort, painfully look for a way out of a difficult situation.

I have not grown up over the summer -
Here he is my SICK ... (QUESTION).
Below I am the girls of all -
There is no chance of success.

"Sick question"- a question, a problem, haunting.

I'm getting ready to be a border guard
Like my older brother, become
And Russian borders
Securely guard.
Spy on the border
I'll spot it instantly
On patrol with Mukhtar
I WILL… (ALWAYS).

"Be on the lookout"- means to be ready, is in vigilant expectation.

Vadim convinces everyone everywhere:
From Mars, an alien communicates with him.
They just don’t believe Vadim anywhere -
EVERYTHING IS WRITTEN WITH A PITCH ON ... (WATER).

"Written with a pitchfork on the water"- so they will say that it is almost impossible, unlikely.

A friend does not notice us all,
He dreams of his beloved.
With her name in my mouth
He HAVES IN ... (IN THE CLOUDS).

"Soar in the clouds"- to be in a dreamy state, not noticing the surroundings.

Our Tanya is very clever
From the boys VIET ... (ROPES).
Just blink - any kid
Jump into the pool with ... (HEAD).

"Twist the ropes"- to do with someone as you please. "Throw yourself into the pool with your head"- recklessly decide on some bold, desperate act.

Irishka granny
Helps to wash
The picture is nice
EYE... (RESTING).

"The eye rests (rejoices)"- so they say about a pleasant, soothing sight.

I asked a friend in vain
Leave me a piece of melon
mine was not heard
THE VOICE OF ONE CRYING IN ... (DESERT).

"Voice in the wilderness"- so they say about useless calls that remain unheeded.

SHIRT-GUY classmate Mishka,
Although his father is a BIG ... (BONE).

"Big boss"- an important, influential person in a high position. In the old days, the most experienced and strong barge hauler, walking in the strap first, was called a bump. And then it turned into a modern catchphrase. "Shirt Guy"- an open, easy-to-handle person.

Our neighbor all night
That knocked, then drilled -
And the BEAST IN ME he
By morning ... (Woke up).

"Wake up the beast"- to infuriate, infuriate, infuriate, annoy someone. "Do not wake the beast in me!"- this is an urgent request that it is not necessary to awaken his base, animal instincts in a person, because this can end badly for everyone.

And many, many more phraseological riddles-folds in the book

PHRASEOLOGICAL MATHEMATICS

Insert numbers, numerals in known phraseological units.

Lonely, without a family, without relatives, loved ones - ... like a finger.

(One.)

Very little, not enough on ... tooth.

(One.)

Completely sober - not in ... the eye.

(One.)

Easy to win ... left.

(One.)

The first signs of forthcoming auspicious events are … martin.

(First.)

Neither good nor bad neither two nor...

(One and a half.)

Very stupid - he has everything ... meanders.

(Two.)

About who is still very small - from a pot ... an inch.

(Two.)

Similar, indistinguishable - like ... drops (of water).

(Two.)

Do two things at the same time, achieve two goals - kill ... hares.

(Two.)

In any case, dispute, take a vacillating, ambiguous position - sit between ... chairs.

(Two.)

On foot - on their…

(Two.)

For a long time - before ... advent.

(Second.)

Very little - once ... and miscalculated.

(Two.)

Very simple - like twice...

(Two.)

It's very sad to cry cry in... the stream.

(Three.)

The basis of the foundations is ... a whale.

(Three.)

Expel decisively, quickly, without delay - drive in ... necks.

(Three.)

Lots of - with ... boxes.

(Three.)

Without talking, without leaving the house - live within... the walls.

(Four.)

Anywhere you want - on all... sides.

(Four.)

Absolutely not needed like a dog... leg.

(Fifth.)

Something superfluous, unnecessary - ... a wheel in a cart.

(Fifth.)

Hostile agents within countries - ... Column.

(Fifth.)

To refer to people who do not keep their promises, they say: he … Fridays of the week.

(Seven.)

Very smart - ... spans in the forehead.

(Seven.)

About something absolutely incomprehensible, inaccessible to understanding, hidden from the uninitiated - a book behind ... seals.

(Family.)

Feel immensely happy in ... the sky (from happiness).

(Seventh.)

Very distant family ... water on jelly.

(Seventh.)

The highest rise, takeoff - ... shaft.

(Ninth.)

Not so important, completely unimportant - a business...

(Tenth.)

Bold, brave not cowardly...

(Ten.)

Expression of dissatisfaction with something repetitive and boring - again...

(Twenty five).

About the one with whom all sorts of troubles constantly happen - ... misfortune.
(Thirty three.)

MYSTERIES GUESSED BY CUTE PHRASES

Remembering famous catchphrases and their meanings guess the hidden words. The fewer hints you need for this, the better.

HE is in the head of a frivolous, frivolous person.
HIM is advised to search in the field when someone has disappeared without a trace.
Words and money are thrown at HIM by those who do not appreciate them.

(WIND: "wind in the head", "look for the wind in the field", "throw words into the wind")

It is brewed, starting some unpleasant, troublesome business, and then disentangled, unraveling this business.
You can’t weld it with someone with whom it’s hard to come to an agreement.
HER "asks" for torn shoes.
SHE is in the head of confusion.

(PORRIDGE: “brew porridge”, “(with him) you can’t cook porridge”, “(boots) ask for porridge”)

It is pounded in a mortar or carried in a sieve by those who are engaged in a useless business.
HER is typed into the mouth when they are silent.
IT cannot separate inseparable friends.
Unfortunate people hide the ends in HER
Sometimes they come out dry.

(WATER: “crush water in a mortar”, “like taking water in your mouth”, “ends in water”, “do not spill water”, “get out of the water dry”.)

IT is in the hat when the problem is close to being solved.
IT smells of kerosene when unpleasant consequences are expected.
IT burns out in case of successful completion.
It can be smoked in a negative situation.

(CASE: “the case is in the bag”, “the case smells of kerosene”, “the case is burned out”, “the case is tobacco.”)

HIM is swallowed, stubbornly refusing to speak.
HE is well suspended in a person who speaks easily and glibly.
They pull or pull for HIM, forcing him to speak out.
HIM is kept behind the teeth when they do not want to say too much.

(LANGUAGE: “tongue swallowed”, “tongue well suspended”, “who pulled you by the tongue?”, “Keep your mouth shut.”)

They are not hares, but run away.
They are not chicks, they hatch.
THEM are dusted, creating a false or better impression of themselves.
THEY can stick together, flare up and be in a wet place.
(EYES: “eyes run wide”, “eyes popped out”, “splurge”, “eyes stick together”, “eyes flared up”, “eyes in a wet place.”)

HIM hanged, becoming discouraged.
HIM is bullied, conceited.
ITS shoved everywhere, interfering in their own business.

(NOSE: “hang your nose”, “turn up your nose”, “poke your nose.”)

They are not flowers, but wither.
Not underwear, but THEM are hung by overly gullible and curious.
Not hands, but THEM clap if they don’t understand something.

(EARS: “ears wither”, “ears to hang out”, “ears to clap.”)

They draw water into HIM when you need to be silent.
It is opened wide when greatly surprised.
HE is full of trouble for someone who takes on many things at once.

What is a completely useless job called?
a) Martyshkin labor;
b) Mouse fuss;
c) Dog joy;
d) a disservice.

What do they say about a person of very large stature?
a) Kolomna verst;
b) Rostov arshin;
c) Vologda sazhen;
d) London mile.

How do you talk about someone disappearing without a trace?
a) The trace is cold;
b) The imprint caught a cold;
c) Kolya got sick;
d) The track is infected.

Where are the sweet sleeping people?
a) Pandora's box
b) On the scales of Themis;
c) In the arms of Morpheus;
d) In the cup of Dionysus.

How else can you call a commotion, confusion or a difficult situation?
a) Curd forest;
b) Cheese-boron;
c) Sour cream-grove;
d) Sausage-thicket.
(Here "cheese" is short adjective. Syr-boron is a damp pine forest growing in marshy places. In Russian folklore, the burning of raw pine forest is a symbol of angry, hot emotions.)

What word is missing in the catchphrase that characterizes the life of rich people: "Live on a wide scale"?
a) leg
b) Soul;
c) the hand;
d) Waist.
(To live in a big way is richly, not embarrassed in means.)

Which of these "fishing" expressions means "let yourself be deceived, outwitted"?
a) Throw a bait;
b) Reel in fishing rods;
c) fall for the bait;
d) Hook on the bait.

(“Throw the bait” - carefully hint at something in order to find out, find out the situation, the situation, someone’s decisions. “Reel the bait” - hastily, hastily leave, get out of somewhere. “Hook on the bait” - deceit, cunning get something from someone.)

What do pretenders and insincere people “break”?
a) comedy
b) tragedy;
c) drama
d) farce.
(Breaking comedy.)

What do they say about a person who dramatizes the situation?
a) Sharpen pencils
b) washes brushes;
c) thickens colors;
d) Breaks the palette.

What is a good warrior armed with?
a) to the knees;
b) To toe;
c) To the teeth;
d) To the crown.
(Armed to the teeth.)

Which of these expressions should be added to get the idiom: "keep ..."?
a) With all your might
b) In constant voltage;
c) In calloused hands;
d) In a black body.
(“Keep in a black body” - severely, strictly treat someone, oppress someone.)

How do they talk about a new surge of strength?
a) Second violin;
b) Second wind;
c) second birth;
d) Second house.
(“Second violin” is not a leader; “second birth” is a successful outcome of a difficult situation; “second home” is a native, significant place.)

Insert the missing word into a catchphrase characterizing a very stupid, narrow-minded, stupid person: "Without ... in my head."
a) king
b) Sultan;
c) Emperor;
d) President.
(Without a king in the head.)

And many, many more questions on the knowledge of phraseological units in the book