Proverbs and sayings about May HORIZONTALLY: 2. May will deceive - in ... will leave.4 ....
A home for every person is not just a place of solitude and relaxation, but a real fortress that protects from bad weather, makes you feel comfortable and confident. Any hardships and long journeys are always easier to endure when you know that there is a place in the world where you can hide and where you are expected and loved. People have always strived to make their home as strong and comfortable as possible, even in those times when it was extremely difficult to achieve this. Now the old traditional dwellings of this or that people seem dilapidated and unreliable, but at one time they faithfully served their owners, protecting their peace and leisure.
Dwellings of the peoples of the north
The most famous dwellings of the peoples of the north are chum, booth, yaranga and igloo. They still retain their relevance, as they meet all the requirements of the difficult conditions of the north.
This dwelling is perfectly adapted to nomadic conditions and is used by peoples who are engaged in reindeer herding. These include Komi, Nenets, Khanty, Enets. Contrary to popular belief, the Chukchi do not live in tents, but build yarangas.
Chum is a cone-shaped tent, which consists of high poles covered in summer time sacking, and in winter - skins. The entrance to the dwelling is also hung with burlap. The conical shape of the plague allows snow to slide over its surface and not accumulate on the structure, and, in addition, makes it more resistant to wind. In the center of the dwelling there is a hearth, which serves for heating and cooking. Due to the high hearth temperature, precipitation seeping through the top of the cone quickly evaporates. To prevent wind and snow from falling under the lower edge of the plague, snow is raked up to its base from the outside. The temperature inside the chum ranges from +13 to +20°C.
The whole family, including children, is involved in the installation of the plague. Skins and mats are laid on the floor of the dwelling, and pillows, featherbeds and sheepskin sleeping bags are used for sleeping.
Yakuts lived in it winter period time. The booth is a rectangular building made of logs with a sloping roof. Building it was pretty easy and fast. To do this, they took several main logs and placed them vertically, and then connected them with many logs of a smaller diameter. Unusual for Russian dwellings was that the logs were placed vertically, slightly at an angle. After installation, the walls were covered with clay, and the roof was covered first with bark, and then with earth. This was done in order to maximize the insulation of the home. The floor inside the booth was trampled down sand, even in severe frosts its temperature did not fall below -5 ° C.
The walls of the booth consisted of a large number windows, which were covered with ice before severe colds, and in summer - with the afterbirth of a calf or mica.
To the right of the entrance to the dwelling there was a hearth, which was a pipe coated with clay and going out through the roof. The owners of the house slept on bunks located to the right (for men) and to the left (for women) of the hearth.
This snow dwelling was built by the Eskimos. They did not live well and, unlike the Chukchi, they did not have the opportunity to build a full-fledged dwelling.
The igloo was a structure made of ice blocks. It had a domed shape and was about 3 meters in diameter. In the case when the snow was shallow, the door and corridor were attached directly to the wall, and if the snow was deep, then the entrance was located in the floor and a small corridor led out from it.
When building an igloo prerequisite was finding the entrance below the floor level. This was done in order to improve the flow of oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. In addition, such an arrangement of the entrance made it possible to retain heat as much as possible.
The light in the dwelling penetrated through the ice blocks, and the heat was provided by fat bowls. interesting point was that the igloos did not melt from the heat of the walls, but simply melted, which helped to maintain a comfortable temperature inside the dwelling. Even in forty-degree frost, the temperature in the igloo was +20°C. Ice blocks soaked up too excess moisture which kept the room dry.
Nomad dwellings
The yurt has always been the home of nomads. Now it continues to be a traditional home in Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Altai. A yurt is a round dwelling covered with skins or felt. It is based on wooden poles placed in the form of lattices. In the upper part of the dome there is a special hole for the exit of smoke from the hearth.
Things inside the yurt are located along the edges, and in the center there is a hearth, stones for which they always carry with them. The floor is usually covered with skins or boards.
This home is very mobile. It can be assembled in 2 hours and also quickly disassembled. Thanks to the felt that covers its walls, heat is retained inside, and heat or extreme cold practically does not change the climate inside the room. The round shape of this building gives it stability, which is necessary in case of strong steppe winds.
Dwellings of the peoples of Russia
This building is one of the oldest insulated dwellings of the peoples of Russia.
The wall and floor of the dugout were a square hole dug in the ground at a depth of 1.5 meters. The roof was made of tessel and covered with a thick layer of straw and earth. The walls were also reinforced with logs and sprinkled with earth outside, and the floor was coated with clay.
The disadvantage of such housing was that the smoke from the hearth could only escape through the door, and the proximity ground water made the room very damp. However, the dugout had much more advantages. These include:
Safety. The dugout is not afraid of hurricanes and fires.
Constant temperature. It is preserved both in severe frosts and in the heat.
Keeps out loud sounds and noise.
Practically does not demand repair.
A dugout can be built even on uneven terrain.
The traditional Russian hut was built from logs, while the main tool was an ax. With its help, a small depression was made at the end of each log, into which the next log was fixed. Thus, the walls were gradually built. The roof was usually made gable, which made it possible to save material. In order to keep the hut warm, forest moss was placed between the logs. When settling at home, it became dense and closed all the cracks. The foundation was not made in those days and the first logs were placed on the compacted earth.
The roof was covered with straw on top, as it served a good remedy protection from snow and rain. The outside walls were plastered with clay mixed with straw and cow dung. This was done for the purpose of insulation. The main role in maintaining heat in the hut was played by the stove, the smoke from which came out through the window, and from the beginning of the 17th century - through the chimney.
Dwellings of the European part of our continent
The most famous and historically valuable dwellings of the European part of our continent are: mud hut, saklya, trullo, rondavel, palyaso. Many of them still exist.
It is an old traditional dwelling of Ukraine. The hut, unlike the hut, was intended for areas with a milder and warmer climate, and the features of its structure were explained small area forests.
The hut was built on wooden frame, and the walls consisted of thin tree branches, which were coated with white clay outside and inside. The roof was usually made of straw or reeds. The floor was earth or plank. To insulate the dwelling, its walls were coated from the inside with clay mixed with reeds and straw. Despite the fact that the huts had no foundation and were poorly protected from moisture, they could stand for up to 100 years.
This stone building is a traditional dwelling of the inhabitants of the Caucasus. The very first saklis were one-roomed with an earthen floor and had no windows. The roof was flat and there was a hole in it for the smoke to escape. In mountainous areas, sakli adjoin each other in the form of terraces. At the same time, the roof of one dwelling is the floor for another. Such a construction was due not only to convenience, but also served as additional protection from enemies.
This type of dwelling is common in the southern and central regions of the Italian region of Puglia. Trullo is different in that it was created using the technology of dry masonry, that is, the stones were laid on top of each other without the use of cement or clay. This was done so that by pulling out one stone, it would be possible to destroy the whole house. The fact is that in this area of Italy it was forbidden to build dwellings, so if an official came with a check, the trullo quickly collapsed.
The walls of the house were made very thick so that they protected from extreme heat and saved from the cold. Trullos were most often one-room and had two windows. The roof was cone-shaped. Sometimes, boards were laid on the beams located at the base of the roof, and thus a second floor was formed.
This is a common dwelling in Spanish Galicia (northwest of the Iberian Peninsula). Pallazo was built in the mountainous part of Spain, so stone was the main building material. Dwellings had round shape with a conical roof. The roof frame was wooden, and on top it was covered with straw and reeds. There were no windows in the pallazo, and the exit was located on the east side.
Due to the peculiarities of its structure, pallazo protected from cold winters and rainy summers.
Indian dwellings
This is the home of the Indians of the north and northeast. North America. Currently, wigwams are used for various rituals. This dwelling is dome-shaped and consists of flexible curved trunks connected by elm bark and covered with mats, corn leaves, bark or skins. At the top of the wigwam is a hole for the exit of smoke. The entrance to the dwelling is usually covered with a curtain. Inside there was a hearth and places for sleeping and resting, food was cooked outside the wigwam.
The Indians associated this dwelling with the Great Spirit and personified the world, and the person who came out of it into the light left everything unclean behind him. It was believed that the chimney helps to establish a connection with heaven and opens the entrance to spiritual power.
Tipis were inhabited by the Indians of the Great Plains. The dwelling has the shape of a cone and reaches a height of 8 meters. Its frame was made up of pine or juniper poles. From above they were covered with the skin of bison or deer and strengthened at the bottom with pegs. Inside the dwelling, a special belt descended from the junction of the poles, which was attached to the ground with a peg and protected the tipi from destruction during strong wind. In the center of the dwelling there was a hearth, and along the edges - places for rest and utensils.
The tipi combined all the qualities that the Indians of the Great Plains needed. This dwelling was quickly dismantled and assembled, easily transported, protected from rain and wind.
Ancient dwellings of other nations
This is the traditional dwelling of the peoples of southern Africa. It has a round base and a cone-shaped roof, the walls are made of stones held together by sand and dung. From the inside they are coated with clay. Such walls perfectly protect their owners from extreme heat and bad weather. The basis of the roof is made up of round beams or poles made of branches. From above it is covered with reeds.
Minka
The traditional dwelling in Japan is the minka. The main material and frame of the house is made of wood and filled with woven branches, reeds, bamboo, grass, covered with clay. Inside main body Japanese house is one large room divided into zones by movable partitions or screens. There is almost no furniture in a Japanese house.
traditional dwelling different peoples is the heritage of their ancestors, which shares experience, preserves history and reminds people of their roots. There is much in them worthy of admiration and reverence. Knowing their characteristics and fate, one can understand how difficult it was for a person to build durable housing and protect it from bad weather, and how invariably age-old wisdom and natural intuition helped him in this.
Why doesn't the igloo melt from the inside?
The igloo is a forced invention of the North American Eskimos. If the Arctic had an abundance of firewood, the Eskimos might have invented wooden houses. But the miser-nature provided them only with snow, however, in unlimited quantities. The Eskimos sighed and sighed and turned ordinary snow into an extraordinary building material.An igloo is a dome-shaped building made of snow blocks with a diameter of 3-4 meters and a height of about 2 meters. In deep snow, the entrance is usually arranged in the floor, a corridor breaks through to the entrance below the floor level. With shallow snow, the entrance is arranged in the wall, to which an additional corridor of snow blocks is being completed. Light enters the igloo directly through the snow walls, although sometimes windows are made of seal guts or ice.
The interior is usually lined with skins, sometimes the walls are also covered with skins. Grease bowls are used to heat the dwelling and its lighting.
Nice tent and windbreak wall quite satisfy in the northern campaign, but there are no special winter tents for sale.
Wind-compacted snow is much lighter than ice. This means that about three-quarters of the volume of bricks is occupied by air, and it does not conduct heat well. Snow brick is similar to a piece of foam and has high thermal insulation properties. But a hut built in severe frost must be thoroughly warmed up. When a fire is lit in a hut, its inner surface quickly melts and becomes smooth. And immediately the melting stops. This film makes the hut warmer, it also strengthens the roof
The scourge of a winter tent is moisture. The warmer the tent, the more damp it is. The roof of the hut absorbs moisture like blotting paper, even if the hut is too hot.
A hut with room temperature inside should melt, but it doesn't. Melting requires excess heat in the snow layer. Snow at the inner surface of the arch has a temperature of 0 degrees, and, in contact with warm air, does not melt, because it cools enough through the thickness of the snow walls. Suppose cooling is slower than warming up. Then the inner layer of snow begins to slowly melt, but when wet, the wall passes the cold more easily from the outside - it quickly removes heat from the inside, and the melting stops. The snow dome itself resists melting when heated from the inside. Of course, in light frost and calm, a hut warmed to room temperature will melt, but a strong frost and wind, having exhausted the skier on the way in a day, will preserve the walls of his hotly heated snow house at night.
When civilization had not yet reached the Eskimo possessions, many tribes did not know a winter home, except for the "igloo", and were quite satisfied with it as a permanent home and lodging for the night on the way. A building slab made of snow is easily cut with a knife, and hardened in the wall of the structure. The Danish ethnographer Knud Rasmussen writes that an Eskimo alone builds a snow hut for his family in three quarters of an hour.
Here is one of his descriptions:
“Twenty people could easily accommodate in the main housing for the night. This part of the snow house turned into a high portal like a “hall”, where people cleared snow from themselves. Adjacent to the main housing was ... a bright extension where two families settled. We had fat enough, and therefore seven or eight lamps were burning at the same time, which is why it became so warm in these walls of white snow blocks that people could walk around half-naked to their fullest pleasure.
Igla is a typical place where the Eskimos live.
This type of structure is a dome-shaped structure. The diameter of the apartment is 3-4 meters and its height is about 2 meters. The igloo is usually built from blocks of ice or blocks of snow blown by the wind. In addition, the needle is cut from pots that are suitable for density as well as size.
If the snow is deep enough, the entrance breaks into the ground and copies the corridor to the entrance.
If the snow is not yet deep, Entrance door cut into the wall, and the front door is a separate corridor built of snow bricks. It is very important that the front door of such a dwelling is below ground level, as this ensures good and proper ventilation of the room, while keeping the heat inside the needle.
Lighting in the apartment passes through the snow walls, and sometimes windows.
Typically, they are also made from ice or seal guts. In some Eskiman tribes, the whole villa is divided into needles, which are connected by passages.
Inside, the needle is covered with leather, and sometimes the walls in the needle are suspended. Special tools are used to provide even more illumination and more warmth.
Due to the heat, part of the wall can be dissolved inside the needle, but the walls themselves do not melt, thanks to the fact that the snow helps to remove excess heat from the outside. Thanks to this, a pleasant temperature is maintained in the apartment for the existence of people. As for moisture, it is absorbed by the wall, so the inner needle is dry.
The first non-Eskim to build an igloo was Williamshire Stefanson.
This happened in 1914, and he talks about this event in various articles and in his book. The unique power of such a dwelling is the use of plates with a unique shape. They allow you to fold the cabin into a worm-like shape that gradually narrows. It is also very important to consider how to install these makeshift bricks, which means that at the same time you support the next plate on the previous brick at three points.
To make the structure more stable, the finished cottage was also watered from the outside.
Today, the needle is also used in ski touring if an urgent apartment is required, if problems with the tent or in the near future continue in the near future. In order for the skier to know how to build an igloo, there are special instructions before March.
Summer and winter Eskimo dwellings
The traditional houses of the Greenlandic Eskimos, like other people in the north, are of two types - summer and winter. Summer - conical wooden frame covered with leather; Winter can be made of rocks or snow - in the polar region; in other places it is built only from stones or lawns, sometimes fins, remains residential buildings built from parts of the skeleton of a whale.
In other words, whatever was available continued.
Until recently, dwellings were built from "local" material, and this largely depended on its shape, size, etc. In addition, hunting, fishing conditions, climatic characteristics of the area, etc. were dictated on the spot.
In the polar and arctic regions, the Eskimo camps were located in the depths of the bays and fjords (where you can hunt from the ice) or at the mouth of the river.
In the subarctic region, winter houses were united in the area of skerries or straits. In the north and south, the camps were small—in the 1920s, more than half had up to 50 residents, and a quarter had only 25 or fewer.
Summer home of the Eskimos of Greenland.
In general, they do not differ from the summer "houses" of other northern peoples.
How is the Eskimo house?
In general, the traditional Eskimo family, its size and structure was originally determined by the economy of the hunting company and the cycle of the seasons. It was the so-called large family, consisting of married parents (or one of them), married sons with women and children, and sometimes other, more distant relatives.
Often several "big families" lived in one winter house, shared for the summer in separate summer huts.
Most typical apartment for a "large family" was perpendicular to the half-German plan ( the last part often buried in the mountains).
Lawn roof supported ceiling beam, which rests on a series of pillars. Common sleepers along the walls, separated by barriers in chapels for "small families" (they were not spacious - a width of 1.25 m is sufficient for one person, his two wives and 6 children).
On the lower racks in front of each such compartment, the flask is burned.
The fact that popular culture teaches us to believe, " traditional house Eskimos - needles", in fact, the vast majority of Eskimos do not use ... and are not called "needles", of course
The lamps were made of crescent-shaped stone.
The fat pieces were arranged along the heavily vaulted backside and then driven over the front moss. It is neatly stacked, burns with a strong flame, almost without crushing.
Above the lamp hung a bowl of melting ice; even higher, under the ceiling, hung wooden frame with stretched ribbons and dried clothes on it.
In winter, the Eskiman living in the Polar regions of Greenland build snow cottages, which we called " needle».
In principle, this is not true, or it is not so at all - the Eskimo word "igdlo" ( plural"iglulik"). Do not snow cottage itself, and any housing for everything, including stone, wood and other building materials.
The snow huts of the Eskimos are made from blocks that are cut into thick snow.
Where does the Eskimo live? Features of relocation, photos and house names, interesting facts about lifestyle
They are laid in a spiral with a gradual narrowing of the turn, which is why the building is in the shape of a dome. Then the seams are covered with snow, the entrance is arranged (under the tunnel - so it's better to keep warm). When it is on fire and the walls are slightly defrosted and "caught" from frost, the cottage becomes strong enough to climb to the top.
A more detailed picture of the Eskimo snow house - a narrow long ribbon (sometimes excavated under the snow), a "corridor" and, finally, an apartment
Walking Inuit hunters from peat-earth winter and summer temporary huts located in the field are very scattered, more modern, placed more concentrated housing is closely related to the process of transition from hunting to fishing.
And now the occurrence of settlements varies depending on the occupation of the inhabitants.
In the north and east of Greenland, where he hunted seals, people live in small settlements. On the contrary, in the fishing zones of the west coast, where the industry is most developed and the economy strictly requires the concentration of the population, the island has the largest settlements.
a collection based on publicly available information about access to the Internet, as well as books by Vosrina V.E.
Greenland and Greenland. M: I thought. 1984th
What is the name of the Eskimo house?
needle
eskimo house
Alternative descriptions
Snow dwelling
Domed dwelling of Canadian Eskimos made of snow slabs (ethnographic)
ice house
Eskimo ice dwelling
Eskimo snow house
house from the water
Eskimo White House
What house can melt?
refrigerator house
Hut made of snow
Eskimo hut
Eskimo snow hut
Eskimo hut
Hut of pure snow
Hut in Greenland
Eskimo snow hut
snow hut
Eskimo hut
Eskimo dwelling
House, actually from the water
ice hut
House made of snow blocks
Eskimo dwelling
house made of snow
Eskimo snow dwelling
Spiral house made of snow
Extreme northern house
ice house
snow house
Eskimo
Eskimo ice mansions
White brick house
Eskimo ice dwelling
Eskimo snow hut
Dwelling - refrigerator
Eskimo ice hut
Eskimo car
Icehouse
Eskimo ice hut
Ski touring hut
snow dwelling
Eskimo house made of snow
Eskimo ice house
snow house
Snow hut
Rain house
Eskimo snow dwelling
Construction of snow and ice
Snow "hut"
Eskimo winter dwelling
snow house
needle
domed dwelling of Canadian Eskimos made of snow slabs (ethnographic)
Alternative descriptions
Snow dwelling
Canadian Eskimo dwelling made of snow slabs
Winter dwelling made of snow among part of the Canadian Eskimos
ice house
Eskimo ice dwelling
Dome-shaped snow hut of the Canadian Eskimos
Eskimo snow house
house from the water
The program of foreign scientists wintering in Antarctica also includes training in construction, but what should every scientist learn to build?
Eskimo White House
What house can melt?
Which house has ice walls?
Eskimo house
refrigerator house
Hut made of snow
Eskimo hut
Eskimo snow hut
Eskimo hut
Hut of pure snow
Hut in Greenland
Eskimo snow hut
snow hut
Eskimo hut
Eskimo dwelling
House, actually from the water
ice hut
House made of snow blocks
Eskimo dwelling
house made of snow
Eskimo snow dwelling
Spiral house made of snow
Extreme northern house
ice house
snow house
Eskimo
Northern analogue of the Indian wigwam
Eskimo ice mansions
White brick house
Eskimo ice dwelling
Eskimo snow hut
Dwelling - refrigerator
Eskimo ice hut
Eskimo car
Icehouse
Eskimo ice hut
House in the style of the Snow Queen
Ski touring hut
snow dwelling
"palace" built by an Eskimo
One-story Eskimo "cottage"
Eskimo house made of snow
Eskimo ice house
snow house
Snow hut
Rain house
Northern house made of ice bricks
Eskimo snow dwelling
Eskimo hut made of snow blocks
Construction of snow and ice
Snow "hut"
Eskimo winter dwelling
snow house
Which house is not afraid of fire?
Snow hut at the Canadian Eskimos
The home of the Canadian Eskimos, a domed hut made of snow slabs
Before finishing his seminar at McGill University, Peter Sidgpick gave his architecture class a very unusual homework. "I'd like to have a drink at the snow bar this Friday," the teacher said, and his students immediately set to work. They had enough snow, ice, and the right skills to build a snow structure for 50 people.
Sigpike is originally from Holland, where winters are usually warm and slushy, and therefore, when he moved to Canada, he was fascinated by snowy expanses and blocks of ice. According to him, frozen water is an amazing, and completely free building material. He himself built several very impressive structures from snow, among which was even a model of the Roman Pantheon in a ratio of 1:5. The 10-meter structure, which was also 10 meters in diameter, was made from 400 tons of snow! 125 students and teachers joined the work.
Now Sidzhpike will share the secret of how to build an igloo - the winter dwelling of the Eskimos. According to him, the spiral structure, on which the blocks of this unusual spherical house are stacked, is one of the best architectural solutions. There are many ways to build an igloo in your backyard, but here is the easiest and most reliable way:
1. Make sure you have enough building materials, i.e. snow. According to the architect, many underestimate required amount: You will need at least a 30 cm layer taken from the entire area. 2. Use the right snow: not light grains that cover the crust, but a dense mass of snow underneath.
3. Draw a correct circle. To do this, you can stick a stick in the center of the future circle, tie a length of rope to it and go around the stick in a circle. For novice builders, it is not recommended to build an igloo whose diameter exceeds 3 meters - making a reliable dome for such a building is a very difficult task.
4. Use a mold to ensure that the bricks are the same size. Traditional igloo blocks are 1 meter long, 40 cm wide and 20 cm high, but smaller igloos can be used.
5. Next - laying. The blocks should go in a spiral, so it would be most reasonable to make a small notch on each brick so that the adjacent brick fits into it. So the structure of the house will be much more durable. You will need to support some of the blocks until the construction is complete and their weight is evenly distributed - you can use regular sticks for this.
6. The higher the walls - the smaller and thinner the blocks. Do not forget to take care of ventilation holes, otherwise there is a risk that your chic ice house will simply have nothing to breathe. As a cement for ice bricks, the same wet snow is suitable - at night frost will grab it and the bricks will not collapse.
7. As a doorway, you can simply make a hole in the wall, or you can build a small canopy so that heat does not leave the igloo so quickly. bottom bricks, lying at the very base, it is best to sprinkle with water: ice is stronger than snow, which means that the foundation will not crack under the weight of the building and it will not warp.
In the conditions of the far north, the construction of a reliable shelter is the key to survival. At the same time, such options as huts and dugouts, which are able to save a traveler in the forest or in the tundra, are incapacitated. On the far north a lost traveler or hunter can take refuge in a snowy dwelling invented by the Eskimos - an igloo.
Eskimo snow house or snow igloo
severe natural conditions forced the inhabitants of the north to build shelters for themselves. building material snow served as a way to build a dwelling for the Eskimos. Possessing amazing properties, it protected a person from wind and exposure to low temperatures. And if you have a candle with you and light it inside, then you can easily warm yourself in such a dwelling. In addition, snow can transmit light and water vapor. What is surprising is that when a candle or lamp burns, the walls of such a dwelling melt, but do not melt. The house of the Eskimos may also consist of separate ice huts connected by passages.
There are basic rules that you need to know in order to make snow igloo:
- you can dig with a knife, saw, bowl and shovel;
- do not make the shelter large (the smaller, the warmer);
- the cracks are covered with snow;
- try not to sweat (remove excess clothing);
- when erecting an igloo from snow, it is necessary to use a bedding made of waterproof material.
If you try and find a huge snowdrift, then you can build a whole Eskimo house in it. It turns out like a cave. The entrance can be dug in the wall below and a small corridor can be added to strengthen the structure. The diameter at the base can be 3 or 4 meters. The low construction of the entrance to the needle is due to the fact that warm air, rising to the top, does not evaporate. The heavier carbon dioxide sinks down and out. The lighting breaks right through the walls. You can make a window, use ice instead of glass. Inside, make a flooring of skins on the floor and on the walls too. Now the real house of the Eskimos is ready. Inside you can light a candle or a fat lamp.
If the snow is dense, then it is possible to cut whole blocks out of it with a hacksaw. They are made like foam and are suitable for building an igloo out of snow. Blocks are cut from the side of the snowdrift from where the wind was blowing. They are stronger there. The blocks are heavy, weighing about 10 kg. When building an igloo, you should not go far in search of a good crust, otherwise you can get tired, and this is dangerous in the cold. After all, there are no deer or dogs in harness nearby to transport blocks. It is necessary to find a snowdrift, 1 m high and above. Next, start cutting bricks out of it. Do not move anywhere within a radius of 30 m, you need to save energy. With a knife on the snow, it is necessary to mark the contour, draw a circle with a diameter of 3 meters. Immediately a place is planned for entering the igloo from the snow.
- Start building an igloo during daylight hours.
- You can not rebuild the shelter at night.
- It is forbidden to leave it at night and in conditions of poor visibility.
- Do not position the entrance to the wind.
- Have a shovel or tool handy for clearing the inlet.
- Do not build a needle more than 3 m in diameter (the stability of the structure is sharply reduced).
- Carefully draw a circle during construction.
- Breed very carefully open fire inside (possibly poisoning carbon monoxide).
- It is forbidden to sleep when there is a risk of freezing.
- Alcohol is also not recommended.
Dangerously! If any of the members of the group has a heart attack or chest pain, vomiting, dizziness, tinnitus, nausea, or a dry cough with lacrimation, then the victim must immediately be taken out of the needle into the air. Fatal cases have been described. It is also necessary to extinguish all heat-producing devices, ventilate the room. Remember that carbon monoxide poisoning most often occurs when people are sleeping.
How to make an igloo out of snow
One block must be tightly installed to another, tapping with a knife. The snow acts as cement. First you need to grind the horizontal, and after it the vertical seam. Close the chips with snow and the cracks that form during the construction of the igloo with your own hands, close up with snow crumbs. It is very difficult to cut through the exit so as not to spoil the structure. In order to make a snow needle durable, it is important to carefully approach the details.
When the process of laying snow slabs begins, a hole is formed at the top. To ensure that the last top plate does not slip from above, it is placed in the form of a wedge. Such a snow brick, as it were, wedges a ceiling hole. It is made larger than a hole so that it does not slip through.
V winter time, at negative temperature, a snow igloo can stand for 3 to 5 months. Eskimo housing is able to maintain a more or less stable temperature inside. In such a room, the temperature ranges from -6 ° to +2 °. If you light a candle, you can heat the room up to + 16 °. But the Eskimos heated the needle with lamps with deer or seal fat. The temperature in such a dwelling rose to + 20 °, despite the fact that the frost was -40 ° around. It was hot to sit in clothes, and they undressed. A small corridor also broke out of the snow. To protect against the attack of polar bears at night, the igloo was covered with a large snow block.
How not to freeze inside the snow house
After tamping the floor into an igloo of snow, a layer of spruce branches or fragments of tree branches is placed on it. From above it is necessary to put skis, bindings down. A cellophane film, a piece of cloth or a blanket is laid out on them. Skis are laid in a fan, wider in the head, and narrower in the legs. All people should lie on one side and hug each other tightly. The weakest should be in the middle. In severe cold, it is forbidden to lie on your back. If there are empty plastic bottles from water, then they can be placed under you. It is necessary to unscrew the plugs slightly before lying down. Under weight, they will bend a little and save you from lying on the snowy floor.
It must be remembered that hypothermia of the thigh is no less dangerous than hypothermia of the chest. It is better to remove wet clothes so as not to increase the cooling. You have to take turns sleeping. During a blizzard, do not leave the shelter. Every exit to the outside starts cold air inside the snow house. A lit candle, 10 cm in size, can burn for 2 hours. It is necessary to insulate the head and legs as much as possible, put on a hood. You can't undress in the shelter unless your clothes are wet. If your partner is trembling, do not be afraid - this is a defensive reaction of the body. But if a person does not react to frost, it is dangerous. You can stretch your limbs and warm up with physical exercises.
