Proverbs and sayings about May HORIZONTALLY: 2. May will deceive - in ... will leave.4 ....
Happiness and slight sadness. The name of the flower in Greek means "rainy flower", a Greek legend about the favorite of the god Apollo, a young man named Hyacinth, is associated with it. According to legend, Apollo and Hyacinth participated in a sports competition, and when Apollo threw a heavy disk, he accidentally touched Hyacinth, who was standing nearby. In the place where the blood of the dead youth fell, wondrous purple-red flowers grew.
Let us consider in more detail what kind of flower is hyacinth, and how it reproduces. Hyacinth comes from North America, Asia. It belongs to the perennial lily family. The plant can reach 20 cm in height. Flowers with curved lobes, bell-shaped, collected in an inflorescence. Interestingly, this Hyacinth reproduces vegetatively - near the base of the mother bulb, "babies" are formed. It happens rather slowly. In an adult bulb, an average of 3-4 "kids" are formed per year. Gardeners complain that the most beautiful and vibrant varieties produce few bulbs per season.
The question of how to propagate hyacinth worries many gardeners. There is artificial reproduction - a plant with this method will produce more daughter bulbs. Artificial options include: cutting the bottom, annular and cross-shaped incisions, dividing the bulbs into parts. There is also a method used in the laboratory - this is the method of tissue culture. Let's look at the two most common methods.
What are they doing experienced gardeners to speed up reproduction? Hyacinth (bulb) is prepared by cutting the bottom. This procedure is carried out from early to mid-July. To do this, take healthy adult bulbs with a diameter of about 6 cm. They are washed in running water and treated for about ten minutes in a solution of potassium permanganate (1%) and a weak solution of fufanon, then dried for two days (at temperatures up to 23 ° C). With a sharp clean knife, an incision is made crosswise on the bottom of the bulb, while the central bud with the flower arrow should remain intact on the bottom. The processed bulbs are laid in one layer (mesh boxes can be used) and sprinkled with crushed ones. The boxes are transferred to a dark room where the air humidity is up to 75% and the temperature is up to 30 ° C. On hot days, the bulbs are sprayed with warm water. By the end of September, the mother bulbs form many small "children". But this is where the reproduction of hyacinths is just beginning.
Let us now consider how the process of planting "children" with mother bulbs takes place. This happens at the beginning of October. We plant adult bulbs with "children" upside down on beds with sandy loose soil, the depth of the pits should be about 8 cm. Bulbs should not be planted close to each other. In June of the following year, the "children" are separated from the mother bulbs, disinfected, sorted and planted again with the beginning of autumn. Only after two, and sometimes three years, young hyacinths delight with their bright colors.
"Surgical intervention" in the bulb, can bring viral disease, this will reduce the chance of getting a beautiful and healthy hyacinth.
How the plant reproduces in a safer way, we will consider in the second option. It almost does not differ from the first method. The bulbs are also disinfected, then, without any cuts, they are placed in boxes bottom up. They need to be kept at temperatures up to 37 degrees. This temperature stimulates the emergence of new bulbs. Periodically they need to be treated with warm water. Bulbs are planted in the same way as in the first method.
Hyacinths growing in the ground need top dressing. They are carried out with the emergence of seedlings, during the formation of buds and after flowering. The bulbs are dug up after the leaves have died. It is necessary to carefully separate the baby, disinfect and dry the bulbs. They should be stored in the attic or in another dry, dark place at temperatures up to 28 degrees.
Our grandmothers, growing strawberries, or strawberries, as we used to call them, were not particularly worried about mulching. But today this agricultural practice has become fundamental in achieving high quality berries and reducing crop losses. Some might say it's troublesome. But practice shows that labor costs in this case pay off handsomely. In this article, we invite you to get acquainted with the nine the best materials for mulching garden strawberries.
Succulents are very versatile. Despite the fact that “kids” have always been considered more fashionable, the assortment of succulents with which you can decorate modern interior, it is worth taking a closer look. After all, colors, sizes, patterns, degree of pricklyness, influence on the interior are just a few of the parameters by which you can choose them. In this article, we will talk about the five most fashionable succulents that surprisingly transform modern interiors.
Mint was used by the Egyptians as far back as 1.5 thousand years BC. It has a strong aroma due to the high content of various essential oils with high volatility. Today, mint is used in medicine, perfumery, cosmetology, winemaking, cooking, ornamental gardening, and the confectionery industry. In this article, we will look at the most interesting varieties mint, and also talk about the features of growing this plant in the open field.
People began to grow crocuses 500 years before the advent of our era. Although the presence of these flowers in the garden is fleeting, we always look forward to the return of the heralds of spring next year. Crocuses - one of the earliest primroses, whose flowering begins as soon as the snow melts. However, the timing of flowering may vary depending on the species and varieties. This article focuses on the earliest varieties of crocuses that bloom in late March and early April.
Shchi from early young cabbage in beef broth is hearty, fragrant and easy to prepare. In this recipe, you will learn how to cook delicious beef broth and cook light cabbage soup with this broth. Early cabbage cooks quickly, so it is placed in the pan at the same time as the rest of the vegetables, unlike autumn cabbage, which takes a little longer to cook. Ready cabbage soup can be stored in the refrigerator for several days. Real cabbage soup is tastier than freshly cooked.
Looking at the variety of varieties of tomatoes, it is difficult not to get confused - the choice is very wide today. Even experienced gardeners he is annoying sometimes! However, it is not so difficult to understand the basics of selecting varieties “for yourself”. The main thing is to understand the peculiarities of culture and start experimenting. One of the easiest tomato groups to grow are varieties and hybrids with limited growth. They have always been appreciated by those gardeners who do not have much time and energy to care for the beds.
Once very popular under the name of room nettle, and then forgotten by everyone, coleuses today are one of the brightest garden and indoor plants. They are not in vain considered stars of the first magnitude for those who are looking primarily for non-standard colors. Easy to grow, but not so undemanding as to suit everyone, coleus require constant supervision. But if you take care of them, bushes of velvety unique leaves will easily outshine any competitor.
Salmon backbone baked in Provence herbs - "supplier" delicious pieces fish pulp for light salad with fresh wild garlic leaves. The mushrooms are lightly fried olive oil and then drizzle with apple cider vinegar. Such mushrooms are tastier than ordinary pickled ones, and they are better suited for baked fish. Ramson and fresh dill coexist perfectly in one salad, emphasizing the flavor of each other. Garlic sharpness of wild garlic will saturate both the flesh of salmon and pieces of mushrooms.
Conifer tree or a shrub on the site is always great, and a lot of conifers is even better. emerald needles various shades decorates the garden at any time of the year, and phytoncides and essential oils secreted by plants not only flavor, but also make the air cleaner. Generally, most zoned adults coniferous plants, are considered very unpretentious trees and shrubs. But young seedlings are much more capricious and require competent care and attention.
Sakura is most often associated with Japan and its culture. Picnics in the shade flowering trees have long been an integral attribute of the meeting of spring in the Land of the Rising Sun. The financial and academic year here begins on April 1, when magnificent cherry blossoms bloom. Therefore, many significant moments in the life of the Japanese pass under the sign of their flowering. But sakura also grows well in cooler regions - certain types can be successfully grown even in Siberia.
It is very interesting for me to analyze how people's tastes and preferences for certain foods have changed over the centuries. What was once considered tasty and traded lost its value over time and, conversely, new fruit crops conquered their markets. Quince has been cultivated for more than 4 thousand years! And even in the 1st century BC. e. about 6 varieties of quince were known and even then the methods of its reproduction and cultivation were described.
Make your family happy and make themed Easter egg-shaped cottage cheese cookies! Your children will be happy to take part in the process - they will sift the flour, combine all the necessary ingredients, knead the dough and cut out intricate figures. Then they will watch with admiration how the pieces of dough turn into real Easter eggs, and then with the same enthusiasm they will eat them with milk or tea. How to make such original cookies for Easter, read in our step by step recipe!
There are not so many decorative and deciduous favorites among tuberous crops. And the caladium is a true star among the variegated inhabitants of the interiors. Not everyone can decide to start a Caladium. This plant is demanding, and first of all - to care. But still, the rumors about the unusual capriciousness of the Caladium never justify. Attention and care allow you to avoid any difficulties when growing caladiums. And a plant can almost always forgive small mistakes.
We have prepared a hearty, incredibly appetizing and simply elementary dish for you today. This gravy is one hundred percent universal, as it will suit every side dish: vegetables, pasta, and anything. Gravy with chicken and mushrooms will save you in moments when there is no time or you don’t want to think too much about what to cook. Grab your favorite side dish (you can make this ahead of time to keep it hot), add gravy and dinner is ready! A real lifesaver.
Among the many different varieties of these top-selling vegetables, here are three that excel in flavor and relatively undemanding growing conditions. Characteristics of eggplant varieties "Diamond", "Black Handsome" and "Valentina". All eggplants have a medium density pulp. In "Almaz" it is greenish, and in the other two it is yellowish-white. They are united by good germination and excellent yield, but in different time. Everyone's skin color and shape is different.
How to grow hyacinths in pots?
The plant prefers bright diffused light. Does not like cold winds and drafts.
The soil should be loose, breathable. Humus must be added to the substrate.
The containers must have a drainage system that will not allow excess moisture to accumulate. Expanded clay, pebbles, shards or broken bricks are suitable for this.
After flowering, the peduncle must be cut off. In early autumn, watering and fertilizing are reduced to a minimum.
At the beginning of winter, the plant begins a dormant period. At this time, the leaves shrivel up and die. All useful substances pass into the bulb.
ADVICE: At the beginning of the spring period, the soil is mulched with compost. In the same period, reproduction can be carried out.
reproduction
Consider how to propagate hyacinths at home. There are four ways to reproduce.
seeds
Propagation of hyacinths at home using seeds should only be used to breed new subspecies.
When planted with seeds, the plant will bloom only 6-9 years after planting.
How to grow hyacinth from seeds at home? It is best to tie planting material in warm weather. It is necessary to choose boxes that have not yet opened.
It is important that they are amber in color.
Seeds are thoroughly dried and cleaned of scales. It is best to use paper bags. Before sowing, they must be stored in a cool room.
It is necessary to prepare containers with the substrate. Make small grooves with a depth of no more than 2 cm.
If you sow the seeds deeper, they will not have time to sprout and rot in the soil.
For 1 sq. meter sown about 200 seeds. Drainage and sand must be poured at the bottom of the tank. This will allow the root system not to rot. After six months, the first shoots should be expected.
IMPORTANT: Seeds must have time to go through the vernalization stage. Sowing is done in early autumn. The first sprouts will appear only in the middle of next spring.
By the end of the growing season, a small onion should appear. It has a pear shape. During the entire period of growth, the soil must be loosened, fertilized, ventilated, and systematically watered.
ADVICE: For top dressing, you can use ammonium nitrate, potassium sulfate or superphosphates.
bulbs
How to grow a hyacinth from a bulb? For each bulb, one container with a diameter of 18-20 cm is allocated.
Drainage is made from clay petioles in the container. Fine-grained sea sand is poured to the bottom.
The soil must be fortified with large quantity nutrients.
Bulbs are planted in such a way that 1/3 remains on the surface of the soil. The embedment depth should not exceed 4 cm. The soil must be loosened, fertilized and watered systematically.
Two years after planting, a full-fledged plant should grow. For 3 or 4 years of life, this representative of the flora blooms. During all active growth, the flower needs a temperature of 17-21 ° C. The room should be bright and well ventilated.
ADVICE: Affected specimens must be removed.
leaflets
In the budding phase, this representative of the flora is allowed to propagate with leaves.
From each flower, you can take 2 leaves. They are immediately dipped into the heteroauxin mixture. Half a tablet is diluted in 1 liter of water.
It is necessary to keep the leaves in the solution for 6-9 hours.
Then they are planted in containers with a substrate. The soil is mixed with fine-grained sea sand and peat.
ATTENTION: Growth should occur at a temperature of 14-16°C. Humidity should not fall below 90%.
After 9-11 days, a callus should appear on the wound surface. A month later, the first rudiments of onions appear. After 60 days, the bulbs should have young new leaves and root system. After that, the flower must be transplanted into a nutritious fortified soil.
One leaf can give from 7 to 10 children.
double scales
The bulbs are cleaned and dried. At the onion, it is necessary to cut off 1/3 of its height. After that, it is divided into 8 equal parts.
It is important that each part has a small piece of the bottom.
One large bulb can produce up to a hundred paired scales. For wound disinfection planting material crushed charcoal must be used.
Then the planting material is placed in plastic bags with perlite. Perlite is pre-moistened with 1 drop of a mixture of foundationazole. The packages are tightly tied.
ATTENTION: Storage should be carried out at a temperature of 23-25°C.
After 30 days, a callus should appear on the cut line of the scales. It forms tubercles - new embryos of future onions. They again need to be treated with foundationazole and placed in plastic bags.
3-4 months after division, the planting material should form a root system. Then each bulb is planted in a substrate of fine-grained sea sand. The containers are taken to a cold room.
ATTENTION: Growth should occur at a temperature of 9-13°C.
The substrate must be constantly moistened. Periodically, it is necessary to wait for the topsoil to dry out.
Read more about planting hyacinth in room conditions you can find out, and in more detail about planting hyacinths in open ground we told in .
Useful video
You can clearly see how to properly propagate hyacinths in the video below.
Dear gardeners, today we will talk about the wonderful hyacinth flower.
Hyacinth is a bulbous stalwart, with a thick stem and fleshy hard leaves, and all this is crowned with a fluffy brush of delicate flowers with an unusual aroma!
The plant looks great, both solo in a pot and in group plantings, in which it looks like an unusual fragrant carpet. At the same time, it has a rich palette of colors, which allows you to create beautiful combinations. It also looks great with other colors.
flower history
Hyacinth is native to Asia Minor and the Mediterranean. Wild forms of the flower grew there, which were not as lush and beautiful as the present hyacinths, but nevertheless the locals gladly grew them in their gardens, enjoying their modest beauty and aroma.
Only in the 16th century the flower was brought to Europe. It was there that his stormy selection began. Holland is especially distinguished in this respect. It was there that with special zeal they began to reproduce and select plants. They managed to get unprecedented colors of flowers and an increase in their number on the stem. Until now, Holland remains the "second home" of hyacinths, it is from there that the bulbs are sent all over the world.
Hyacinth became so fashionable that it was an indispensable resident of the gardens of the rich. Still, because the bulbs of new varieties with massive inflorescences were prohibitively expensive. Gradually, the fashion for them spread throughout Europe. In Germany, they were grown in whole fragrant fields, for which an entrance fee was charged. The French discovered that the plant could be grown without soil, in water, or even upside down.
Hyacinth came to Russia only at the end of the 19th century and also firmly established itself in the gardens of wealthy families. In Russia, a tradition has appeared to expel their fragrant arrows for the New Year, Christmas and Easter. This blooming piece of spring looks very impressive when there is a snowstorm outside the window.
Photo of hyacinths with variety names
Let's take a closer look at these wonderful flowers and see their photos.
After the reorganization of the botanical catalog, it was decided that hyacinth has only 3 species: oriental hyacinth, Litvinov's hyacinth and Transcaspian hyacinth.
Eastern hyacinth The most widespread is the Dutch Eastern hyacinth, the varieties of which we will now consider. After all, it is he who is the main resident of our personal plots, gardens and balconies.
Just look at these beautiful flowers, just a feast for the eyes!
Distillation of hyacinths
Distillation is the artificial germination of the bulb. Many confuse distillation with landing this plant in open ground, and generally get confused when to plant hyacinth, in spring or autumn? Let's understand these concepts.
Distillation - artificial creation suitable conditions and germination of the plant, stimulation of its flowering, outside its natural timing. Usually distillation bulbous plants produced in winter or in early spring, often for the holidays - the New Year and March 8.
It is a completely different matter if you plan to plant a hyacinth in your garden in a permanent place so that it grows there and pleases you with its beauty. It's already called landing, it occurs in compliance with the natural requirements of this plant.
According to the rules, hyacinth is planted in the fall, it is the autumn cool period that the bulb takes root and lays a flower bud. After that, having successfully wintered, in the spring it will decorate your garden with its flowers.
When forcing, this cool dormant period will have to be imitated, or specially prepared bulbs should be bought.
Hyacinth bulbs are poisonous. Symptoms of poisoning - diarrhea, vomiting, impaired kidney function, blood clotting. They should not be eaten, and children and animals must be protected from them.
If we purchase bulbs from stores and garden centers, they should be marked "for winter forcing" to indicate that the bulbs have gone through a cooling period and are properly prepared.
Bulbs should be large (from 5 cm or more in diameter), healthy and strong, in a word, ready for the hardships of winter flowering. They should not have mold and rot, they should not be soft. Before planting, store them in a dark, dry place at a temperature of 16-17 degrees.
If you want to make a plant forcing from your own bulbs, from your garden, then you will need to prepare them yourself by going through several stages. It is necessary to dig them in advance (from June 20 to July 5), dry thoroughly at a temperature of 25-30 degrees and store at 17-20 degrees in dark room.
Distillation in pots with soil
2-2.5 months before the expected flowering date, the bulb must be planted in a pot. To do this, we use a not very large container, put a drainage layer on the bottom, pour suitable soil.
Before planting, we remove the babies from the bulbs, if any, and bury them (bulbs) 2/3 into the ground so that only the crown remains sticking out. The soil should be moderately moist. The bulbs of this plant do not have a dense protective shell and therefore easily rot from an excess of moisture.
The next step is a cooling period. In order for our plantings to take root, they need coolness, darkness and a temperature of only 4-9 degrees. For these purposes, a basement or cellar, a glazed loggia, a heated garage, a cold pantry, a refrigerator are suitable.
There, the bulbs take root, give the first leaves and peduncle. After that, they can be taken out and put in a well-lit place. At first, hyacinths transferred from a dark place to bright light will need to be shaded.
Very often, the surface of the earth in a container with hyacinths is mulched with moss or lichen. It not only gives an attractive decorative look but also prevents the soil from drying out quickly.
Distillation of hyacinths in water
Another interesting way- distillation of hyacinth bulbs in water. The technology is almost the same, but for germination, a glass container is used that is suitable in size, with a wide neck, to which the bulb is installed. Water is poured inside, its amount should not be less than 300 ml. The distance between the bottom of the bulb and the water should be about 2 cm to avoid rotting.
The plant itself will take root and reach the water. When the bulb is installed, it must also be placed in dark place with a low temperature until the root system and leaves with a peduncle develop. A refrigerator will do. During the entire time of germination, water must be added to the vessel with the flower.
As soon as leaves and a flower arrow appear, the plant can be transferred to heat. The peduncle must be covered with an opaque material until it reaches 10 cm. Complex fertilizer can be added to the water.
In warmth, hyacinths quickly develop and bloom.
But, with regard to this method, it should be noted that flowering during forcing in water will last less, and the bulb itself will be greatly depleted. Therefore, if you plan to grow hyacinth more than once, then the bulb will need to be planted in the fall in the garden.
Detailed hyacinth forcing video in water:
Distillation in hydrogel
An innovative method of forcing a plant that uses hydrogel instead of soil and water.
Hydrogel is a polymer compound capable of absorbing an amount of moisture several times its own weight.
Hydrogel balls are filled with water with complex fertilizer, according to the instructions, and placed in a filled container of hyacinth bulbs. The subsequent actions are the same as in the two previous methods: installation in a dark, cold place, and subsequent transfer to heat to light.
Planting hyacinths
Let's now consider planting hyacinths in open ground. In order for these beautiful flowers to decorate your garden in spring with their elegant buds, you will need to plant them in the fall.
Typical landing time: September - October. You need to focus on the climate in your area. If it is still warm until the end of October, then it is worth delaying the landing. In warm regions, planting may be delayed until November.
We plant hyacinths when the average daily temperature no longer rises more than 10 degrees. Planted bulbs should have time to take root and bud before winter, but should not have time to germinate. Bulbs hibernate directly in the ground.
How to prepare hyacinth bulbs for planting and how deep to plant
The preparation of the bulbs consists only of an antifungal treatment: it is necessary to hold them in a solution of Fitosporin or another fungicide for 20 minutes.
For planting, you need to dig holes, 30-40 cm deep and add there:
- 150–250 g of well-rotted manure or humus;
- 250 grams of limestone or 15 grams of magnesium sulfate;
- 200 grams of sifted wood ash or 30 grams of potassium sulfate;
- from 60 to 80 grams of superphosphate.
Hyacinth prefers loose soil. If you have clay soil or dense black soil, you will need to dilute it with river sand or peat. Also, do not plant hyacinths in a lowland area, or in a place where rainwater accumulates.
The depth of planting the bulb depends on its size. For large bulbs (more than 5 cm), the planting depth is 18 cm, for smaller bulbs - 12-15 cm.
Hyacinth planting video
You can see how to plant hyacinths in a flower bed in autumn in this video:
Hyacinth care in the open field
All care for this plant in the ground comes down to regular fertilizing with complex fertilizers, loosening the soil, weeding and watering in hot weather. Otherwise, these are very unpretentious flowers that do not require special attention.
Hyacinth after flowering
After the hyacinth has faded, do not immediately dig out the bulbs. It is necessary to continue watering and fertilizing until the peduncle and leaves turn yellow, so the plant will tell us that it is preparing for a dormant period.
Many gardeners are wondering if it is possible not to dig up the bulbs for storage every year and leave them in the ground? We answer: yes, it is possible, but it is worth remembering that then the flowering for the next year may be weaker.
Residents of the southern regions, in which optimal conditions so that the onion has a good rest and gains strength until the next flowering in the spring.
In central Russia, digging up hyacinths on winter storage still recommended. Optimal time to extract the bulbs: the last decade of June - the beginning of July.
The bulbs are dug up, all that remains of the vegetation, including the roots, is cut off. The bulbs are placed in a well-ventilated area in boxes, dried and stored in a dark room until autumn. In the fall, you will need to plant them back in the ground.
Hyacinth propagation
At one time, the Dutch and other Europeans suffered greatly with attempts to propagate hyacinths. Daughter bulbs of this plant do not always appear, and if it does happen, then their number is no more than one or two.
The Dutch, on the other hand, really wanted to put the trade in hyacinths on stream, and for this it was necessary to somehow speed up reproduction. And here, there would be no happiness, but misfortune helped. Once, in one of the botanical gardens, mice gnawed some of the bulbs during storage. In several bulbs, they gnawed exactly the bottom.
Imagine the surprise of the botanists when the damaged bulbs suddenly overgrown with children all over the damaged circumference, and there were a lot of them! Until now, this method is used by gardeners. Before the bulbs are sent to rest, the bottom is cut crosswise with a sharp knife, or cut around the circumference.
After these manipulations, the damaged surface is sprinkled with fungicide and the bulb is sent for storage. In a few weeks, you will see the beginnings of daughter bulbs.
How to do this in detail, see this video:
As you know, hyacinths reproduce slowly. An adult bulb, depending on the variety, can form 1-2 children per year, less often 3-4.
In order for the bulb to grow faster, I cut off the inflorescences from 3-4-year-old plants. Children in this case are larger. I pluck only the flowers, and leave the peduncle. In this case, the bulb will be protected from various microbes and moisture. Large bulbs can be used for forcing.
If I cut flowers for bouquets, I fill the cut with a solution of potassium permanganate and cover it with a small piece of polyethylene for several days. It is especially important to do this if it is rainy, damp weather. This will also protect the bulb from moisture and the development of fungal diseases. The bulbs of hyacinths, the inflorescences of which were cut, increase by 2-3 years sooner and she gives children more readily.
I dig up the bulbs every year. I do this only after the green mass almost completely turns yellow. After digging the bulbs, I dry them for several days under a canopy, in a dry, shady place. Then I remove the old scales and roots. I am preparing a solution for disinfecting bulbs. To do this, I grind the green mass of leaves, flowers and soft stems of calendula in a meat grinder, add a little boiled water and soak the bulbs in this juice for 5-10 minutes. This will help protect them from various fungal diseases, such as Fusarium. The bulbs processed in this way are laid out on the grates upside down and left to dry in the attic. It's dry there, but not very hot.
Since mid-July, I have been moving grates with bulbs to the basement, where I have a cement floor, it is warm and humid. To increase the humidity on the cement, I put a mat, which I moisten from time to time. Around the second half of September, babies appear around the bottom. I do not break them out, as they are still very small. I plant bulbs in the beds in October with the children.
In some varieties of hyacinths, babies appear very reluctantly. In order to stimulate their development, I wind a small thin cotton flagellum around the bottom. Every 3-5 days I moisten it with water using a pipette, so as not to wet either the bottom or the bulb. About a month later, under this flagellum, small tubercles appear around the bottom, this is a hint of future babies. They grow up quickly, I do not separate them. I plant these hyacinths along with others.
I separate only the big ones, those that easily fall behind the bulb. I plant them separately from adults.
Planting bulbs
I prepare the beds in advance. In early September, I dig deep, for 1.5-2 bayonets of a shovel. When digging, I add fertilizers: superphosphate, ammonium nitrate and wood ash.
In order to protect plantings from diseases, I keep the bulbs in a dark solution of potassium permanganate for 15 minutes, then dry them and dip them into the green mass of calendula, prepared as described above, and dry it again.
I plant in the bedswhen the soil temperature is 8-9 degrees, about one and a half to two months before the onset of frost. In my region (Central Ukraine) - this is mid-October. I make grooves, put some river sand on the bottom. I put the bulbs, fall asleep with earth and slightly compact. For the winter, with the onset of persistent cold weather, I cover plantings with cut annuals, grassy stems
