In this lesson, students will discover the meaning of breathing, learn how the respiratory system works and works. In addition, students will become familiar with the mechanism of voice formation and learn why voices different people differ from each other, get acquainted with diseases of the upper respiratory tract and their prevention.

(Note: A computer presentation is included with the lesson.)

The meaning of breathing. organs of the respiratory system. Respiratory tract, vocalization. Respiratory diseases.

Epigraph of the lesson: “While I breathe, I hope”
(Dum spiro, spero)
Ovid is a Roman poet.

Lesson objectives: to give the concept of the meaning of breathing as a process necessary for life; establish the relationship between the structure and functions of the airways, consider voice formation and articulation of speech sounds; acquaint with diseases of the upper respiratory tract; to develop in students the ability to apply the acquired knowledge in life, to solve problematic and intellectual problems.

Demonstration equipment: model of the larynx, human torso with internal organs, wall charts, video material “Respiratory system”.

Type of lesson: lesson-introduction, acquaintance with new material.

Even in ancient times, breath was considered the root cause of life. The saying “We need it like air” proves it. People noticed that without air a person dies after a few minutes (at most after 6 minutes). People did not know for a long time that 2 m 3 of air for 1 hour is required for one person to breathe in a hermetically sealed room. So in 1846, a battalion of soldiers died on the ship "Mary Soames", who took refuge during a storm in the hold, although the ship remained absolutely unharmed.

Question: But why do we breathe? What is the meaning for us, as, indeed, for any living organism, is breathing?

(The teacher, together with the class, discusses this issue and proceeds to communicate the objectives of the lesson, leads to the necessary conclusions.)

1. Providing the body with oxygen and using it in redox reactions.

2. Formation and removal from the body of carbon dioxide and some end products of metabolism: water vapor, ammonia, etc.

3. Oxidation (decomposition) of organic compounds with the release of energy necessary for the physiological functions of the body.

Organic matter + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + energy.

Attention! Energy is necessary for the life of the body: you listen, watch, write. I talk, I move - energy is expended on everything.

Conclusion: We breathe for energy. Thus, oxygen is the basis of the life of the body.

Question: How does oxygen enter cells?

Answer: Through the blood.

Q: How does oxygen get into the blood?

Answer: Through the lungs.

(Students are invited to define the process of breathing.)

Detailed definition:

Respiration is the process of O 2 entering the cells of the body, participation of O 2 in oxidation reactions, and removal of decay products.

The shortest definition:

Respiration is the exchange of gases between cells and the environment.

(Students write the definition of breathing in their workbook.)

The exchange of gases between the blood and atmospheric air occurs in the respiratory organs - this is pulmonary respiration. The exchange of gases between blood and tissue cells is called tissue respiration.

The respiratory organs are air gate into the body. Let's get acquainted with the structure of the respiratory organs, let's see which way air travels before it passes into the blood, and carbon dioxide is released back.

The airway begins with nasal cavity.

Question: Wouldn't it be easier if the air went through the mouth? More economical and better? Why do children say: breathe through your nose?

Experiment with two rabbits. They took two rabbits. One of them had tubes inserted into the nasal cavity so that the air would pass without coming into contact with the walls of the nasal cavity. A few days later the rabbit died, but the other, breathing normally, remained alive. Explain why?

Conclusion: In the nasal cavity, the air is disinfected.

Question: What happens if we breathe through our mouths in freezing weather? Explain why.

Conclusion: in the nasal cavity, the air is disinfected, heated (with the help of blood vessels) + cleaned of dust and moistened.

(Students write the conclusion in their notebooks.)

1. The structure of the nasal cavity. The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by a special partition - the palate. The nasal cavity is divided by an osteocartilaginous septum (it is this that gives the shape of the nose) into the right and left halves. In each of them there are winding passages that significantly increase the inner surface of the nasal cavity.<Рисунок 1>

The entire nasal cavity is lined with mucous epithelium. The epithelium has special outgrowths - cilia and cells that produce mucus. And also, in the mucous membrane there is a very large number of blood vessels.

Question: Why do you think there are so many blood vessels in the nasal cavity?

Answer: For warmth.

Question: And what are the cilia in the mucous membrane for?

Answer: Dust removal.

Note. If the cilia did not remove dust from the respiratory tract, then in 70 years 5 kg of dust would accumulate in the lungs.

Question: What is slime for?

Answer: For moisturizing and disinfection, as there are lymphocytes and phagocytes in the mucus.

Air enters from the nasal cavity nasopharynx(upper pharynx) and then to throat, with which the oral cavity communicates. Therefore, we can breathe through the mouth. By the way, the pharynx as a crossroads leads both to the food canal and to the windpipe (trachea), which begins with the larynx.<Рисунок 2>

2. The structure of the larynx. The larynx has the appearance of a funnel, the walls of which are formed by several cartilages. The largest of them is the thyroid. In men, it protrudes somewhat forward, forming an Adam's apple. The entrance to the larynx during swallowing food is closed by cartilage - the epiglottis.

Exercise. Find the larynx. Make several swallowing movements. What happens to the throat?

(The thyroid cartilage rises during swallowing, and then returns to its old place. With this movement, the epiglottis closes the entrance to the trachea and saliva or a food bolus moves into the esophagus along it, like a bridge.)

Exercise. Find out what happens to the breath during swallowing.

(It stops.)

In the narrow part of the larynx there are 2 pairs vocal cords. The lower pair is involved in voice formation. In front, the ligaments are attached to the thyroid cartilage, and behind - to the right and left arytenoid cartilages. When the arytenoid cartilages move, the ligaments can come together and stretch.

With calm breathing, the ligaments are divorced. When reinforced, they are bred even wider so as not to interfere with the movement of air. When talking, the ligaments close, leaving only a narrow gap. When air passes through the gap, the edges of the ligaments vibrate and make a sound. Yelling harms the vocal cords. They tense up, rub against each other.

Exercise. Figure 65 of your textbook shows the vocal cords of three people. Determine by the vocal cords which of them breathes deeply after running, who stands calmly, who sings.

(Students give answers.)

In men, the length of the vocal cords is 20-24 mm, in women - 18-20 mm. The longer and thicker the vocal cords, the lower the voice. The voices of girls and boys practically do not differ, only in boys in adolescence they begin to change - to break (due to the uneven growth of cartilage and ligaments). The more the vocal cords vibrate, the louder the voice.

(Note. Think of the Tarzan cry played by Johnny Weissmuller, world record holder and Olympic champion swimmer. Four people were screaming with him.)

Question: Do speech sounds occur when you inhale or when you exhale?

Answer: When exhaling.

But it turns out that vibrations of the vocal cords are not enough. For the emergence of articulate speech, certain positions of the tongue, teeth, and lips are necessary. The mouth and nasal cavity amplify the sound, enrich it various shades. (Note. Say the phrase: "The destroyer raced." Why was the offer skewed?

There are special speech centers in the brain. They coordinate the work of the muscles of the speech apparatus and are associated with the processes of consciousness and thinking. The process of speech formation is called articulation and is formed in young children up to 5 years old.

Conclusion. The meaning of the larynx: swallowing, the formation of speech sounds.

Air enters the trachea from the larynx.

3. The structure of the trachea. The trachea is a wide tube, which consists of 16-20 cartilaginous half-rings and therefore is always open to air. The trachea is located in front of the esophagus. Its soft side faces the esophagus. During the passage of food, the esophagus expands, and the soft wall of the trachea does not interfere with this. The inner wall of the trachea is covered with ciliated epithelium, which removes dust particles from the lungs. In the lower part, the trachea is divided into 2 bronchi: the bronchi have cartilaginous rings. They enter the right and left lungs. In the lungs, each of the bronchi branches like a tree, forming bronchioles. Bronchioles end in alveoli - pulmonary vesicles in which gas exchange occurs. The pulmonary vesicles form a spongy mass that forms lung. Each lung is covered by a membrane called the pleura.

nasal cavity - nasopharynx - larynx upper respiratory tract.

The trachea and bronchi form lower respiratory tract.

Most microorganisms are retained and neutralized by the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract. Sometimes they cause various diseases: influenza, tonsillitis, diphtheria, sinusitis, frontal sinusitis.

In some bones of the skull there are air cavities - sinuses. The frontal bone has frontal sinus, and in the maxillary maxillary sinuses. They amplify the sounds of speech and give them additional shades. The shape of the vocal cords and maxillary sinuses is individual. Therefore, the voice of each person is unique, and we distinguish people by voice.

Influenza, tonsillitis, acute respiratory infections can cause inflammation of the mucous membranes of the sinuses - sinusitis and frontitis. A person's nasal breathing is disturbed, purulent mucus is released from the nose.

Prevention. You need to be treated by an otolaryngologist.

In front of the entrance to the larynx and esophagus are the tonsils (made of lymphoid tissue), they contain many lymphocytes and serve to protect against infection. Inflammation of the tonsils is called tonsillitis.

Behind the soft palate are the pharyngeal tonsils. adenoids. When they become inflamed, breathing becomes difficult.

At diphtheria(in the lane) the tonsils become inflamed: diphtheria films of a gray-white color appear on them. Swollen neck. Heart suffers from toxins myocarditis.

Prevention. People are vaccinated against diphtheria.

1. The vital activity of an organism is possible only when oxygen enters its cells and carbon dioxide is removed.
2. In the nasal cavity, the air is cleaned, heated and humidified.
3. There are two pairs of vocal cords in the larynx. The lower pair is involved in voice formation. Speech sounds are formed in the oral and nasal cavities.
4. Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs.

Consolidation of the studied material

Watching a training video (5 min.).

Review questions

1. Why do we breathe?
2. Why can't you talk while eating?
3. Why does a person's voice change with loss of teeth, runny nose, food in the mouth?

Test “Respiratory system”

1. In which respiratory organ is the air heated?

A) nasal cavity
B) larynx;
B) trachea.

A) nasal cavity
B) larynx;
B) trachea.

3. In what organ is the anterior wall formed by cartilaginous semirings?

A) nasal cavity
B) larynx;
B) trachea.

A) has no effect
B) improves;
B) makes it worse.

5. Which of the following organs does not belong to the respiratory system?

A) lungs;
B) trachea;
B) pulmonary artery;
D) bronchi.

Lesson results. (Grades for active work in the lesson, for the test. Homework: p. 26, answer questions p. 138-139)

Dokuchaeva Elena Ivanovna

biology teacher

GBOU secondary school "School of Health" No. 404

Biology and English lesson on the topic:

"Respiratory Organs: Structure and Functions"

Lesson Objectives:

Educational:

to study the structural features of the respiratory organs in connection with their functions;

reveal the essence of the breathing process, its significance in metabolism;

learn to call them not only in Russian, but also in English (expansion of vocabulary)

develop monologue skills

development of the construction "I have ..."

learn how to breathe properly.

Developing:

continue the formation of the basics of hygiene (respiratory hygiene rules);

develop memory, attention, thinking;

Educational:

cultivate a caring attitude towards your body, towards your health, towards the health of others;

draw an analogy: breathing is life; human lungs are the lungs of our planet (vegetable world)

learn to work in a group.

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Organizational moment

II. Updating of basic knowledge

Biology teacher questions:

1) In what environment do we live? (Ground-air).

2) What gas enters our body from the air? (Oxygen)

3) For what process do humans and all living organisms need oxygen? (for breathing).

4) What gas do we exhale when we breathe? (Carbon dioxide).

5) What kingdom of living organisms supplies oxygen to the atmosphere? (Plant kingdom in photosynthesis)

– Why do they say: breathing is life?
Does the structure of an organ affect its function?
We will try to find answers to all these and many other questions in today's lesson.

III. Learning new material (teacher of English language)

As you guessed, the topic of our today's lesson is - “Respiratory Organs” or “Organs of the respiratory system” (the topic of the lesson is presented by both teachers)

The objectives of our lesson: (biology teacher)

1. Find out which organs are involved in the respiratory process.

2. Learn to call them not only in Russian, but also in English (expansion of vocabulary)
3. Learn how to breathe properly.

Breath - this is a set of processes that ensure the supply of oxygen, its use in oxidation organic matter and removal of carbon dioxide and some other substances.

Oxygen is found in the air around us, and it is supplied to the body by the respiratory system.

The meaning of breath(2 teachers)

Providing the body with oxygen (English teacher writes on the board " oxygen"And pronounces, students repeat after him)

Removal of carbon dioxide (English teacher writes " carbon dioxide" on the board and pronounces)

Oxidation of organic compounds with the release of energy, necessary for a person for life (energy)

Removal of metabolic end products (water vapor, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, etc.)

A new topic is introduced jointly by two teachers. The biology teacher talks about the functions of each respiratory organ, and the English teacher introduces vocabulary as follows: the biology teacher names the organ respiratory system and explains the functions of this organ, and students write down basic information about this organ. English teacher language calls the same body in English, students repeat this word and underline it in the handout (APPENDIX 1).

upper respiratory tract

During normal breathing, air must pass through nasal cavity, which is divided by an osteochondral septum into two halves. In each half there are sinuous nasal passages that increase the surface of the nasal cavity. Their walls secrete mucus, which makes the inhaled air moist, retains dust and microorganisms. There are many blood vessels that warm the inhaled air. With the help of the nose, we feel various smells, and we protect ourselves by sneezing. The nasal cavity opens into the nasopharynx, and from there into the larynx.

Respiratory system

Airways andRespiratory part

Nasal cavity Lungs

(The air is purified, (gas exchange between the body

moistened, warmed) and the environment)

3. Trachea

(passage of air into the bronchi)

4. Bronchi

(passage of air into the lungs)

The scheme is written down by the English teacher and introduces vocabulary, the biology teacher presents the material orally.

Nasal hygiene

A sick person who does not follow the rules of hygiene becomes a source of infection.

The larynx is a tube 10-12 cm long and 15-18 mm in diameter, formed by cartilaginous semirings, so the lumen of the trachea is always open. The entrance to the larynx when eating closes the epiglottis. It also secretes mucus, which purifies the air.

Shouting damages the vocal cords, which can cause inflammation, hoarseness, or loss of voice. When you whisper, the ligaments relax. Frequent inflammation of the respiratory tract, smoking and alcohol Negative influence to the vocal cords.

At the bottom trachea divides into 2 bronchi.

Swallowing large pieces of food, you can choke and block the trachea. Folk wisdom says "When I eat, I am deaf and dumb."

In inflammatory processes, a cough occurs, which helps to remove mucus from the respiratory tract.

Lungs

The lungs are a large paired cone-shaped organ. There is a right and left lung. They are made up of pulmonary vesicles. The walls of these vesicles are very thin and consist of a single layer of cells. Lung cells secrete biologically active substances that prevent pulmonary vesicles from sticking together and neutralize microorganisms that have entered the lungs.

. Respiratory hygiene

Smoking violates the physiological properties of biologically active substances, the lungs stick together and do not participate in gas exchange.

IV. Consolidation of new material. (English teacher)

Nowyou’ lldivideinto 4 groupsofthree.

Primary consolidation of vocabulary. (Students are divided into 4 groups, each is given a list of transcriptions of words, they must sign the words, while for each group the words are different)

You should write the words using their transcriptions.

["neɪz(ə)l] ["kævətɪ]

["brɔŋkaɪ]

["lærɪŋks]

["or(ə)l] ["kævətɪ]

The game "Snowball" (The gamesnowcom).

Let's play the game. The first student should name one organ of the respiratory system and show where it is. Then the second pupil will repeat the first word and call his/her own one. For example: I have a nasal cavity: I have a nasal cavity, a throat, ….

Practicing spelling skills.

Every group has a picture of a person. You should stick different organs of the respiratory system on the picture of a human body and then sign ( sign) them. You have 5 minutes to do this task.

Now let ’ s check ! (At the end of the work, the works of the groups are hung out on a magnetic board and evaluated together according to the following criteria: the sequence of organs, the correct spelling of words in English)

SongRespiratory system". Listen and say what organ of respiratory system a singer has mentioned in this song. Sing a song.

LE activation in speech.

Work in groups. Make up the sentences from the given words and translate them into Russian. Use the words in brackets. (Appendix 3)

1 Group: the /nose/breath/we/must/through

(We must breathe through the nose)

Group: warms/ in/ a/ cavity/cleans/nasal/the/air/and/moistens

(In the nasal cavity, the air is warmed, cleansed, and becomes moist.)

If there are problems with the translation of the sentence, we include 1 part of the song « Respiratory system” and ask which organ of the respiratory system we are talking about.

Group: for/is/lungs/dangerous/smoking

(Smokingdangerousforlungs. )

Group: throat/the/vocal/in/codes/there/ are

Summing up the lesson

check yourself(fixing the material in groups or homework)

It is necessary to correlate the name of the body with the function it performs by putting the necessary letter next to each number. (Annex 4)

1. - ? 2. - ? 3. - ? 4. - ?

Did you like the lesson? What organs of the respiratory system do you recognize? Can you name them in English? How should you breathe correctly: through your nose or mouth? What is dangerous for our lungs?

XI. Homework

Learn words, practice full breathing

About organs breathing (organs of respiratory system)

Pneumatic way Organ breathing

Noselungs

a nasal cavity lungs

(a nose)

Larynx

a larynx

(Here there are vocal codes.This is where the vocal cords are located

Trachea

a trachea

Bronchi

bronchi ( a bronchus )

Oral cavity -an oral cavity

1 group:

Group :

Group:

4th group:

1. - ? 2. - ? 3. - ? 4. - ?

1. - ? 2. - ? 3. - ? 4. - ?

1. - ? 2. - ? 3. - ? 4. - ?

1. - ? 2. - ? 3. - ? 4. - ?

Knowledge of the world

TOPIC: “Respiratory organs. Lungs and their work.

Org.moment. The topic of the lesson.

Checking homework. Crossword.

1. The largest blood vessel coming from the heart. (aorta)

   Vessels that carry blood from the heart to all organs and tissues. (arteries)

   What does the blood carry away from the body (takes away in the lungs)? (carbon dioxide)

   What vessels carry dark blood back to the heart? (veins)

   What are the smallest blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients to every cell in our body called? (capillaries)

   This muscular sac is located on the left side of the chest and acts as a pump. (heart)

   What does arterial blood carry to each cell? (oxygen)

   This fluid supplies all the organs in the human body with oxygen, nutrients and vitamins. (blood)

Assimilation of new material.

When we breathe, our body receives oxygen, which we need as the most important gas for life. Our brain can live without it for no more than 5 minutes. All the cells that make up the body take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide. Our Breathe-helping machine consists of two lungs. Passing from the nose and mouth to the lungs, the air passes into them through channels that gradually decrease in size. This canal system is like a tree upside down (trunk, branches, leaves), where the trunk is the trachea, the branches are the bronchi, the leaves are the alveoli. Breathing allows us to speak because it makes the vocal cords vibrate like guitar strings and produce sounds.

We inhale and draw air through our nostrils. It quickly passes through the nasal cavity and enters the windpipe - the trachea. It's pretty cleverly designed. When we swallow something, the trachea closes with a small flap so that food does not inadvertently enter the lungs. And when we take a breath, the pharynx closes, and the air runs not into the stomach, but into the lungs.

But if we decide to scream or laugh while swallowing food, the damper may not close in time, a crumb or drop will fall into the trachea, and we will have to cough for a long time until it flies out.

Breath

Lungs (1) similar to air pump which is actuated by the muscles of the chest. The lungs expand to take in air and contract to let it out. balloon. When we inhale, air passes from the mouth and nose into the trachea (2), then into two wide tubes - the bronchi (3), which branch into smaller bronchi (4). From the inside, the bronchi are covered with tiny cilia. These moist cilia capture dust particles that have managed to slip through the trachea along with the air. It must enter the lungs completely fresh air. The bronchi act as a filter. The smallest bronchi terminate in alveoli, which look like millions of air bubbles. Small blood vessels run next to the alveoli. The blood takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide into the alveoli, which we exhale.

Inhale and exhale.

Respiratory movement is not subject to the will of man. we breathe without thinking about it. But you can inhale and exhale more strongly or hold your breath for a short time. When we inhale (A), the chest muscles push the ribs apart, rib cage and the lungs expand and take in air. When we exhale (B), the muscles relax, the ribs move, the lungs contract, and the air escapes.

observation.

DO PHYSICAL EXERCISES

COUNT THE NUMBER OF BREATHINGS AND EXHAUSTS IN 1 MIN

CONCLUSION

5. Riddle.

HERE IS A MOUNTAIN, AND AT THE MOUNTAIN

TWO DEEP HORE.

IN THESE HOLES THE AIR Wanders,

IT COMES IN, IT GOES OUT. (Nose)

6. Assumption.

Why can the nasal cavity be called a filter, stove, controller, sentry post of the body?

The blood vessels of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity perform, as it were, the role of water heating, heating the inhaled air to body temperature. In contact with the mucosa, the inhaled air is moistened and cleaned of dust particles, which settle on a thin layer of mucus that covers this membrane. The nerve endings of the olfactory nerves exercise "control" chemical composition inhaled air, it is the only organ capable of perceiving odors.

Explain the meaning of the following hygiene rule:

Can't be human

Seal in a box.

Ventilate your home

Better and more often. (Mayakovsky)

7. Drawing up rules for respiratory hygiene and measures to prevent respiratory diseases.

Group work.

Make a word from letters:

What causes severe respiratory damage?

Iruekne (smoking)

Without food and water, a person can live for several days, but without air, he cannot live even for a few minutes. In a room where a lot of people gather, it is difficult to breathe, there is less oxygen in the air. Spoils the air, makes it unsuitable for breathing and tobacco smoke. There is always dust in the air. Talking, coughing, and sneezing sick people release germs into the air, so be sure to ventilate your room and classroom frequently. Walk more in the forest, in the fields and meadows. in parks and squares and other places where there is a lot of greenery. There the air is especially clean and fresh, contains more oxygen.

Being indoors,remember the basic rules:

Be sure to ventilate your room, open the window before going to bed.

Do not clean clothes and shoes indoors. Wash floors frequently and wipe dust off items with a damp cloth.

Dry your feet thoroughly before entering a room.

Cover your mouth with a tissue when coughing and sneezing.

Consolidation.

1. Reading the text of the textbook with notes.

What did you learn new?

2. Riddle.

TWO AIR PETALS,

PINK LIGHTLY,

THE IMPORTANT WORK IS DONE

AND HELP US TO BREATHE. (Lungs)

Summary of the lesson.

Name and show the respiratory organs.

Homework.

Lesson topic: Breath. The human body's need for oxygen. The structure of the respiratory system.

Lesson type: learning new material.

Lesson Objectives:

Educational: study the structural features of the respiratory system; find the relationship between the structure of organs and the functions they perform; reveal the essence of the breathing process, its significance in metabolism; find out the mechanisms of voice formation;

Developing: continue the formation of the basics of hygiene (respiratory hygiene rules);

develop the ability to compare, analyze and draw conclusions;

Educational:

To cultivate a caring attitude towards one’s body, towards one’s health, towards the health of others;

Draw an analogy: breathing is life;

Equipment: tables: "Respiratory organs", "Larynx and organs of the oral cavity during breathing and swallowing", presentation "Human respiratory system".

During the classes:

1. Organizational moment.

2. Updating the knowledge necessary to study new material.

Passes through the nose to the chest

And keeps the way back

He is not visible, and yet

We cannot live without it.

(air, oxygen)

Front poll:

1) Why does the body need oxygen? (Oxygen is involved in chemical processes splitting of complex organic substances, as a result of which the energy necessary to maintain the vital activity of the organism, its growth, movement, nutrition, reproduction, etc. is released. 6 cells)

2) What is called breathing? (Respiration is the intake of oxygen into the body and the release of carbon dioxide. 6 cells.)

3) Where is energy produced and stored in the cell? (Mitochondria are organelles whose main function is the oxidation of organic compounds, accompanied by the release of energy. This energy is spent on the synthesis of adenosine triphosphoric acid (ATP) molecules, which serves as a kind of universal cellular battery.)

4) How are metabolism and respiration related? (Respiration is a part of metabolism in which gas exchange occurs between the body and the external environment: oxygen enters the body from the external environment, and carbon dioxide is removed from the body. 8 cells.)

5) What is the purpose of the respiratory organs? (The respiratory organs saturate the blood with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the blood. 6 cells)

6) What respiratory organs in animals do you know? (gills, trachea, lungs)

7) Does the structure of the respiratory system depend on the habitat of animals?

8) Is it possible to assume that the respiratory system of humans and mammals has a similar structure? Justify the answer.

9) What part does the circulatory system take in breathing? (Blood performs a transport function.)

3. Learning new material.

1) The teacher formulates the topic of the lesson: The structure and functions of the respiratory system

The teacher formulates the purpose of the lesson:

study the structural features of the respiratory system;

reveal the essence of the breathing process, its significance in metabolism;

We often say: "We need this, like air!". What does this proverb mean?

Even the ancient Greek scientist Anaximenes, observing the breathing of animals and humans, considered air to be the condition and root cause of life. Great doctor Ancient Greece Hippocrates called the air "the pasture of life." Although the idea of ​​air as the only isolated reason for everything that exists is naive, they reflect an understanding of the great importance of air for the body.

Let's make a practical observation: take a calm breath and hold your breath. What are you observing? How long do you experience shortness of breath?

How many days can a person live without food? Without water? And without air? (up to 30 days, up to 8 days, up to 5 minutes)

Why without air, even trained people can do no more than 6 minutes?

Air contains oxygen. Longer oxygen starvation can lead to death. After all, in our body there are no reserves of oxygen, so it must evenly enter the body.

Breath- this is gas exchange between the body and the external environment: oxygen enters the body from the outside, and from the body into external environment carbon dioxide is released.

The breathing process is

from 4 stages:

exchange of gases between the air and the lungs;

exchange of gases between lungs and blood;

transport of gases by blood;

gas exchange in tissues.

The respiratory system performs only the first part of gas exchange. The rest is performed by the circulatory system. There is a deep relationship between the respiratory and circulatory systems.

The human respiratory organs functional feature can be divided into two groups: air-bearing, or respiratory, and gas exchange organs.

Airways: nasal cavity → nasopharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchi.

Organs of gas exchange: lungs.

2) The structure of the organs of the respiratory tract. Completing task 140 on page 92 workbook.

Human respiratory organs

4. Fixing.

Why should you breathe through your nose and not through your mouth?

Why does a piece of lung immersed in water not sink?

How is sound produced and formed?

Task 138 p. 91 in the workbook.

Task 142 p. 93 in the workbook.

5. Homework:

1. Study the text and drawings of the textbook on pages 158-161.