When the turnover is used there is there are. English turns There is and There are

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The there is / there are construction is used to report the location of objects and persons. Remember a simple rule: if the Russian sentence begins with the adverb of place (the first word of the Russian sentence answers the question "where?"), then we will start the English sentence with there is / there are. For example: "There is a mouse in the box" - There is a mouse in the box. In this case, the circumstance of the place itself (in the box - in the box) must be placed at the end of the sentence. English sentences with the construction there is / there are are translated from the end (while There is ... there are not translated). For example: There is a bench in the garden - There is a bench in the garden.

If the sentence begins with the subject (“who?” Or “what?”) This construction is not used, we translate it as it is: the car is on the street - the car is in the street.

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Let's compare two sentences "a vase is on the table" and "a vase is on the table". The first one begins with the adverb of the place, and the second with the subject, respectively, to translate the first sentence, we use There is a .... - “there is a vase on the table”, and the second sentence is translated without this construction - “the vase is on the table”. If the subject (the subject referred to in the sentence) is singular, then there is used, and if plural, then there are.

• Please note that (is, are) in such sentences can be translated as “lies”, “stands”, “hangs”, “grows”, “is”: There are toys in the box lie toys, there is a big tree in front of my house - In front of my house growing a big tree.
• When listing items, use There is, if the first item listed is singular (There is a copy book, three pencils and a ruler on the table) and there are if the first item listed is plural (There are three pencils, a copy book and a ruler on the table).

Word order in affirmative, interrogative and negative sentences with the construction there is / there are

Prepositions of place are functional words that connect the members of a sentence and are closely related to the use of the there is / there are construction, so we consider them in this post. First, remember the prepositions of place and direction in English language

• On - on: there is an apple on the plate - there is an apple on the plate
• In - inside: there are pens in the bag - there are pens in the bag
• Above / over - above: there is a picture above the fireplace - a picture hangs above the fireplace
• At - y: at the wall - against the wall
• Near - near, about, nearby: near my house - near my house
• Under - under: under the table - under the table
• Below - below, under: below the window - under the window
• Behind - behind: behind the tree - behind the tree
• To - indicates movement towards the subject: to school - to school, to work - to work, to a friend - to a friend
• Into - inside: into the room - into the room
• From - indicates movement from the subject: from school - from school, from work - from work, take the cup from that boy - take the cup from that boy, take the book from the table - take the book from the table
• Out of - from (from inside): out of the bag - from the bag
• In front of - before: in front of my house - in front of my house
• Between - between: between the cupboard and the sofa - between the cupboard and the sofa
• Up - up: up the street - up the street
• Through - through, through: through the window - through the window
• Across - through (crossing): across the street - across the street
• Beside / next to - next (next in a row): sit next to me - sit next to me

• We recommend paying attention to the difference between the prepositions in and into. Phrases with the preposition in answer the question "where?" - in the cupboard - in the closet, in the bag - in the bag, in the box - in the box. Phrases with the preposition into answer the question “where?” - into the cupboard - into the closet, into the bag - into the bag, into the box - into the box.

More about the offer into see our video:

• Remember the exceptions: on the tree - in the tree, on the street - in the street, in the picture - in the picture.

Prepositions in English perform many functions, act as case endings that are absent in English, are an integral part of an uncountable number of expressions and should never be neglected.

There is / there are turnover is faced by every person who studies English. And already at the most basic level. Often this turnover causes difficulty, since there is no analogue in Russian. It is worth understanding that the structure of sentence construction in English differs from the grammar of the Russian language. To correctly use the there is/are construction, you do not need to try to build an English sentence "in Russian". You need to start thinking in English. If you change your thinking, this turnover will not cause any difficulties.

What is this turn for?

The construction is used if you need to indicate the presence or absence of a person or object in a certain place. In other words, if you want to say that something or someone is, exists in a place you know, or happens at some time, you use there is or there are . For example:

There is a dog in the doghouse.
In the kennel (there is) a dog.

There are some trees near the house.
Near the house (there are) several trees.

Please note that the turnover is used if we are talking about some new (unknown) object that is located in a place we already know.

Here are two similar suggestions:

1. There is a map on the wall.
2. Map on the wall.

In the first sentence, in a place known to us (on the wall) there is an object (map) unknown to us. Therefore, in English it will sound like this:
There is a map on the wall.

In the second case, we report where (in what place) the object known to us (map) is located. In English we say:
The map is on the wall.

If you understand this difference, then using the phrase there is/there are will no longer be difficult.

Building a sentence

You most likely have already noticed that the construction there is / there are at the beginning of the sentence, contrary to the rules of construction English sentence. The subject in this case is placed after this turnover. Schematically, this can be represented as follows:

The order of words in such a sentence cannot be changed.

It is worth noting that the circumstance in the proposal may be absent:

There are two armchairs.
Here (here) are two chairs.

There is some milk.
Here is (here) milk.

If the subject is a countable noun in the singular, then the article is placed in front of it - a.

With uncountable nouns and nouns in the plural, the pronouns some, any, a lot, many (with countable nouns), much (with uncountable nouns) are used. As well as quantitative numbers.

How to translate a sentence

The turnover there is / there are in its meaning corresponds to the Russian “is”, “is”, “lies”, “there is”. It is better to translate the sentence from the end, that is, from the circumstance of revenge or time. The word there is most often not translated into Russian. For example:

There is a plant near the window.

We begin to translate from the circumstance: where? - near the window. Then we translate the subject: what? - plant. We get the following translation:

Near the window (there is, is) a plant.

Is orare

Let's take a closer look at when to use there is and when there are . If the subject is in the singular and it is uncountable, we put - is. If the subject is plural, then you need to use - are. Everything is simple here.

But what if after the turnover there are several subjects, that is, there is a listing of items? In this case, the verb to be usually agrees with the subject immediately following it.

There is a cat and three kittens on the couch.
There is a cat and three kittens on the couch.

There are three kittens and a cat on the couch.
There are three kittens and a cat on the sofa.

Various temporary forms

The turnover there is/there are can be used in the tenses of Indefinite and Perfect. The verb to be will always be in the third person form:

Present Indefinite: there is/there are

Past Indefinite: there was/there were

Future Indefinite: there will be

Present Perfect: there has been/there have been

Past Perfect: there had been

Future Perfect: there will have been

For example:

There was a letter here. Where is it?
There was a letter here. Where is it?

There will be snow tomorrow.
Tomorrow it will snow.

Question formation

To form a general question, the verb to be in the appropriate form must be placed before the word there:

Is there a movie theater in this town?
Is there a cinema in this city?

Were there many visitors in the café yesterday?
Were there many visitors in the cafe yesterday?

These questions can be answered briefly:

Yes, there is/are. - Yes.
Yes, there was/were. - Yes.

No, there isn't/aren't. - Not.
No, there wasn't/weren't. - Not.

With the turnover there is/there are special questions can be built. In this case, the question word is put in the first place in the sentence, and then the word order is the same as in the general question.

When posing a question to the subject, the interrogative pronouns What? or who?

What is there for dinner today?
What's for dinner tonight?

Questions to determine the subject may begin with interrogative words: How many? How much? What? Which?

How many apple trees are there in your garden?
How many apple trees are in your garden?

negative form

A negative there is/there are clause can be formed in two ways.

First, with the help of a negative particle not, which must be placed after the verb to be. In colloquial speech, the shortened negative form is usually used:
in the present tense there isn't or there aren't.
in the past tense there wasn't or there weren't.

In a negative sentence, singular countable nouns are preceded by the indefinite article, and plural nouns and uncountable nouns are preceded by the pronoun any.

There isn't an air bag in my car.
My car doesn't have (none) airbags.

There weren't any messages for me yesterday.
There were (no) messages for me yesterday.

Secondly, negation can be expressed using the pronoun no. It is placed before the noun and is its definition:

There's no milk in this store.
There is no milk in this store.

There are no trains to Moscow today.
Today there are no trains to Moscow.

The phrase there is/there are is quite often used in English. To make your speech literate, lively and interesting, it is important to learn how to use this phrase in colloquial speech. For the practice of English, the channel "English - speak freely!" in a programme . On this channel you will meet like-minded English learners and you will be able to put your knowledge into practice.

Have you heard about the situation with the fly in the bowl of soup? If (God forbid) this happens to you, then you should complain to the waiter and demand a replacement of the dish immediately! Waiter! There's a FLY in my soup! Woop!

The construction of the sentence seems quite simple, but, oddly enough, in the English language the phrase “there is” / “there are” often causes many difficulties both in construction and in translation and, accordingly, in use. So when is there is, and when is there are?

But since you're with us! There'll be no problem! You will remember this turnover forever and will be with him "on you", carefully reading and remembering this article, of course. So, check it out!

What does there is/there are mean

Turnover "there" + "be" is translated, starting from the circumstance of the place, which is usually found at the end of a sentence:

There is a cat in the box.
There is a cat in the box.

If there is no circumstance of place, then when translating the sentence begins with the words “there is”, “there is”, “exists”, “it happens”, “is”, etc. In principle, often “there is / there are” and is not translated at all . Like this
"invisible", but extremely necessary turnover.

When to use there is and there are

« There is" and " there are» is used when they want to say that something exists (does not exist) or is (is not) in a particular place.

« There is" indicates the presence in a certain place of some kind one object (person). Also used with indefinite subjects (this is when the indefinite article ("a", "an") is used when there is no article, or the words "some", "any", "no" are used), and with indefinite pronouns like "somebody", "nothing".

There's something that makes me feel worried. - Something's bothering me.

« There are' indicates the presence in a particular location several(many) objects (persons).

There are two cats on the couch. - There are 2 cats on the sofa.

note: the word "there" (there) in the turnover "there is / there are" does not have an independent meaning and is an inseparable whole with "is / are". If, according to the meaning, it is necessary to express the circumstance of the place with the word “there” - “there”, then “there” is repeated at the end of the sentence.

There are so many boxes there. - There (there are) so many boxes.

Sentence structure with there is and there are

To make everything look clearer, we present you a simple formula and below is an example with numbers for clarity:

(one) " There is/there are» + (2) subject + (3) circumstance of place or time.

(1) There are (2) a lot of flowers (3) in the garden.

affirmative sentences

There is one table in the classroom.
There are three cats on the couch.
There is a spider in the bath.
There are many sinners in Hell.

« There is» also used with uncountable nouns(uncountable nouns):

There is milk in the fridge.
There is some sugar on the table.
There is ice cream on your shirt.

The number of the verb "be" is determined by the number of the first noun after this turn:

There is a table and two chairs in the room.
There are two cats and a midget in the car.

Abbreviations (contractions). "There is" in a simplified version becomes " there's". Almost always, in informal correspondence or in colloquial speech, this particular turnover option is used.

There's a good song on the radio.
There's only one chocolate bar left in the box.

As you know, you can abbreviate in different ways, but pay attention to the option with “are”:

there is not = there's not = there isn't/ there are not = there aren't. There's no contraction of "there are". Pay attention!

There are nine cats on the roof.
There are only five weeks until my birthday.

Speaking of informal communication, we can use "there" s "even when it comes to the plural. But do not try to use this in formal correspondence or in an exam. This is forbidden.

There's three other people who are still to come.
There's lots of cars in the car park.

Usually " there» not used with specific subject.

The door was open. - The door is open. (Error: "There was the door open.")

Interrogative sentences

Questions are formed by the usual permutation (subject " there"changes places with the predicate" be»):

Is there anyone at home?
Are there any cats on the floor?

When posing a question to determine the subject, interrogative words are used " how many», « how much» how much and interrogative pronoun « what", which precede the subject:

How many cats are there on the couch?
how much water is there in the bottle?
What is there in the box?

In the answer to the last question, the verb "to be" can also be used in the plural if the fact of the presence of several objects or phenomena is stated (or, for example, if they are listed):

« How many" With " are there". If we want to know the number of existing objects, then we use "how many" according to the following structure:

« How many» + plural noun + « are there» (+ addition).

How many dogs are there in the park?
How many students are there in your class?
How many gangsters are there in Chicago?
How many horror movies are there in your collection?

"There" can also be used in " question tags” (a short general question, stating the question).

There'll be enough boxes for everyone won't there?

Negative sentences

In negative sentences after the verb " to be» is used either « not» (when the noun following the negation is preceded by pronoun or numeral), or " no" (in other cases).

There is not(isn't) any money in the wallet. - There is no money in the wallet.
There is no money in the wallet. - There is no money in the wallet.

A short negative answer consists of the word " no' followed by ' there" and the verb " to be» in the appropriate form with the negative particle « not»:

Are there any cats on the couch? no,there are not(aren "t).
Is there a dog in the supermarket? - no, there isn't.

There "aren "t" with "any". When we want to say about the zero amount of something, we use " there aren't any».

There aren't any people at the party.
There aren't any trees in my street.

The same goes for uncountable nouns:

There isn't any water in the swimming pool.
There isn't any sugar in my coffee.

« There" can also be used in sentences where " be» is an auxiliary verb in the form progressive or passive. Pay attention to word order:

There have been more Americans killed in road accidents than in all the wars since 1900.
There'll be somebody meeting you at the airport.

The construction can also be used with modal verbs:

There must be somebody inside - ring again.
There may be a mistake - check again.
There might be some prey running around - I should be careful.

This structure should also be translated into Russian from the end.

Temporal forms there + be

What about other temporary forms? Or is only Present in charge here? By no means!

"There" is used with various forms"be" in the most different times. Use to your health!

There were fire-breathing dragons in the streets. ( past simple)
I think there'll be loads of people at the festival. ( Future Simple)
There haven't been many entries for the competition. ( present Perfect)
The examination concluded that there had been no ill-treatment during detention. ( Past Perfect)
By the time he hopes that there will have been fuller consultation with the human rights bodies. ( Future Perfect Continuous).

It should be noted that in the question in the future tense before « there» put « will", and the verb " to be» is put after him.

Will there be your friends there? - Will your friends be there?

Difference between there is/there are and it/they

Take a look at the following suggestions. First, we get acquainted with the essence of the proposal with the help of " there is / there are", and then we refer to the mentioned with the help of " it" or " they».

There's a good movie on channel 2. It starts at 10 o "clock (it = the movie).
There are 3 new students in our class. They're from Brazil (they = the students).

The constructions "there is" and "there are" are used only in relation to new information. If anything already mentioned in the context, then you should use "it is" or "they are".

We also use " it» + « to be» + adjective + infinitives ( infinitive clauses). In such sentences, the emphasis falls on the infinitive construction:

It's nice to meet you.
It's hard to hear anything with this noise.
Was it easy to understand him?
It "ll be difficult to fit into the box.

Conclusion

Today we have repeated / studied the main nuances of using the “there is” / “there are” construction in different tenses and types of sentences.

We hope you will not have any more questions on this topic!

Keep going forward like there's no tomorrow!

And stay classy!

Big and friendly family EnglishDom

In English, there is / are turnover is very common. This construction has no analogue in Russian, which makes it difficult to understand and use. What is its feature?

How and when to use there is / there are? You can be sure that you have asked yourself this question more than once. Let's see what the difficulties of using this turnover are.

semantic side

There is (there are) construction informs about the location of a particular object, person, information about which is still unknown. The rule of phonetics says that it is necessary to pronounce the phrase together, the main emphasis in the sentence should be on the subject.

There is a man in the window. In the window (there is) a person.
There are flowers in the garden. There are flowers in the garden.

Here are two sentences that at first glance are identical in meaning and analyze what is the main difference:

The cup is on the table. The cup (is) on the table. - This proposal emphasizes place, where the object already known to the interlocutor is located.

There is a cup on the table. On the table (is) a cup. - This proposal focuses on subject located at a certain place already known to the interlocutor (on the table).

In this way, turnover there is/there are used to convey new information about an object in a known location.

Translation

Sentences according to the rule with the construction there is / there are are translated from the end, that is, from the circumstance of place or time. Moreover, the word there is omitted, but in some cases it can be used twice if it makes sense to specify the meaning "there".

There are some mistakes in the test. - There are several errors in the work.

There are nobody there. - There is nobody there.

Subject

1. Before a countable noun in singular. number, the article a is used.

2. Before an uncountable noun or noun. in many some, any, many, a lot, much, few, little, two, three are used.

There are some roses in the garden.

There isn't any juice in the box.

There were many pupils in the camp.

Building an offer with a turnover

There + to be + subject + circumstance of time or place.

There + is + a book + on the table.

There + are + many happy days + in summer.

Are or Is?

Are used when the subject is a noun in the plural:
Is is used if the subject - noun is in the singular:

There are chairs at the table. - There are chairs near the table.

There is a chair at the table. - There is a chair near the table.

The tense forms of the verb to be in the turnover there is / there are !!!:

Present Indefinite: there is / there are - is, is;

Past Indefinite: there was / there were - was, was;

Future Indefinite: there will be (one form for plural and singular) - will be;

Present Perfect: there has been / there have been - was, was;

past perfect: there had been (one form for plural and singular) - was, was;

There were many people in the meeting. — There were many people at the meeting.

There have been a lot of pears in the garden this year. There were a lot of pears in the garden this year.

Different types of sentences with the construction there are/there is.

The turnover we are studying is often used in interrogative phrases of various types. The construction of a negative sentence with this construction also has a special feature. Let's consider each separately.

General question:

To be + there + subject + circumstance of time or place?

Is + there + a phone + in mother's room? Is there a phone in mom's room?

Short answers with turnover there is/there are

a) Yes/No, there + is/isn't.

Is + there + a phone + in mother's room? – No, there isn't

b) Yes / No, there + auxiliary verb (was, were, will, has, have, had) / auxiliary. verb + not

Were there many people in the class? – Yes, there were.

Special question:

Special question word (what) + to be + there + circumstance of time or place?

What are there on the bed? - What's on the bed?

Separated question:

To be + there + subject + or + alternative subject + circumstance of time or place?

Is there tea or milk in the cup? Is there tea or milk in the cup?

Negative sentence:

1. There + to be + not + subject + circumstance of time or place.

There aren't any photos in the box. – There are no photographs in the box.

There isn't a pen in the pencil case. - There is no pen in the pencil case.

2. There + to be + no + subject + circumstance of time or place (this is the more common option).

There are no people in the street. - There are no people on the street.

There was no juice in the bottle. - There is no juice in the bottle.

Substitutes to be

Instead of to be, other verbs can be used that do not change the meaning of the construction, but give a different meaning to the whole sentence. Substitutes can be modal or intransitive verbs that are close in meaning to to be (live, exist, stand, lie, come):

There mustn't be any mistakes in your work. There should be no mistakes in your work.

There lived a model in the village. — There was a model in the village.

If you use this element correctly English grammar, then your speech will be more lively and interesting. Follow the rule there is (there are) and you will easily master all the features of this design.

The turn there is / there are is a speech construction that they begin to study at initial stage teaching English. If you need to tell about the location of an object or person, then you will need to use this phrase. By itself, the turnover there is / there are in English means "there is, is." But for a correct translation into Russian, you need to learn some rules for handling this construction.

General concept

So, the turn there is / there are in English is used quite often, since we constantly need to indicate the position of an object. And this phrase is the best way to do it. For example, you need to say that there are three doctors in a certain room.

With the help of turnover, we get the following sentence: There are three doctors in the room. At the same time, we draw your attention to the word order in the sentence.

We see that the phrase begins with a turnover, then the object is indicated, and only at the end is the place where this object (or person) is located.

Why does turnover look like this? What is the difference between thr is and thr are? The answer is simple. The first option is used to describe one object or person, and the second one is used to describe two or more objects.

• Thr is a dog on the bed. - There is a dog on the bed.
• Thr are dogs on the bed. - There are dogs on the bed.

There is/there are: Russian translation

It is important to understand that the sentence in which this phrase is used cannot be translated literally. It would be correct to do this starting from the end of the sentence. So you will sound beautiful in your native language.

• Thr is a book on the table. - A book is on the table.
• Thr are dogs in the yard. - There are dogs running in the yard.

I would like to note that the turnover there is / there are has several translation options. It all depends on the specific object and situation. When translating, the main thing is to observe correctness and plausibility, and also not to deviate from the norms of the literary language.

Temporal features

The next thing to say when discussing the there is/there are turnover is different forms the verb "to be" when using the phrase in different tenses. As you know, the strong verb to be has many forms, so in our case, each time period has its own form.

All these forms can be part of this construction, since there is/there are turnover can be applied both in the present tense and in the past or future.

• Thr is a kitten in the corner. - A kitten is sitting in the corner.
• Thr are students in the hall. - There are students in the hall.
• Thr was a car near the shop. - There was a car in front of the store.
• Thr were green trees in the center of the square. - There were green trees in the center of the square.
• Thr will be a lot of pupils in the bus. - There will be many students on the bus.

We see from the examples how the form of the verb changes and how the turnover changes. The style of translation is also clearly visible: we change the meaning of the verb depending on the specific situation.

Questions, answers and denials

The turn there is/there are, the formation rules of which we are discussing here, can be used not only in declarative sentences. We can also use it to ask questions, answer them and use it in negative constructions. Let's look at all these options in turn.

The construction of the question occurs by a simple rearrangement of words. Depending on the type of question, the verb is put in first or second place:

• General question: Is thr a dog in the park? - Is there a dog in the park?
• Special question: What is thr in the river? What is there in the river?
• Alternative question: Is thr a book or a pen in the bag? - Is there a book or a pen in the bag?
• Discrimination question: Thr is a boy on the bench, is not there? - It's the boy on the bench, isn't it?

The answer to a general or disjunctive question using this turnover will be the option Yes, there is or No, there isn’t (depending on the speaker’s intention) or Yes, there are / No, there aren’t, if the sentence used the form plural.

Negative sentences can be built in two ways:

• use of the negative particle not,
• application of the pronoun no.

If we choose the first option, then in addition to the negative particle, it is necessary to use the pronoun any, which means the absence of something or someone.

• Thr is not any dress in my room. There are no dresses in my room.
• Thr are not any houses in this place. - There are no houses in this place.

Using the second option, we can do without unnecessary additional words, and the negative pronoun itself will refer more to the noun than to the verb:

• Thr is no phone in my pocket. - I don't have a phone in my pocket.
• Thr are no birds in this forest. There are no birds in this forest.

Important points for using there is/there are

Translation into Russian of such a turnover is not the only feature that should be taken into account. There are a few more points that should not be forgotten when using this phrase. There are variants of sentences when we need to specify the location of not one object, but several, that is, apply an enumeration. In this case, the following rule will apply: when listing several objects or people, you need to take into account the word that is located immediately after the turn itself. It is from him that the choice of the form of the verb will depend:

• Thr is a book, 2 pens and a bag on the sofa. There is a book, two pens and a bag on the sofa.
• Thr are 2 pens, a book and a bag on the sofa. - There are two pens, a book and a bag on the sofa.

This is easy to understand and remember, since in Russian this construction also looks different (lie, lie).

It is also worth remembering about nouns, which can be countable and uncountable. If a word cannot be plural, then only the form suitable for the singular should be preceded by it, regardless of the accompanying words:

• Thr is a lot of water in this glass. - There is a lot of water in this glass (water does not have a plural).
• Thr are a lot of glasses on the table. - There are a lot of glasses on the table (glasses can be used in the plural).

Workout

In order to always write and speak correctly, you need to train to use the turn there is / there are. The exercises for this topic are simple and aimed at developing automatic memorization, as well as training to quickly select the correct form. For example:

• Put correct form verb. Thr…a kite in the sky. - A kite is flying in the sky.
• Put a question to the proposal. Thr are a lot of girls at the party. - There are a lot of girls at the party.
• Translate the offer. On the table is a computer, a lot of books and notebooks.