Russian language lesson in 6th grade.

Teacher: Egorova

Albina Vsevolodovna,

Teacher of Russian language

And literature MBOU

"Secondary School No. 24", Cheboksary

Topic: “Connecting vowels O-E in compound words »

Target:

1. repeat the basic ways of forming words;
2. introduce the method of forming words from the bases of the original words with the help of connecting vowels;
3. learn to choose connectors vowels o-e in compound words
4. to raise interest in the word, to show the pictorial possibilities of word formation.

During the classes

1. Repetition of methods of word formation already known to students

Give a coherent answer to the question: “What are the main ways of forming words in Russian do you know? Illustrate your answer with examples.

Guys, I want to give you a statement by the famous children's writer K.I. Chukovsky:

“Prefixes give Russian speech so many rich shades. The wonderful expressiveness of speech depends to a large extent on them. In the variety of prefixes, there is a variety of meanings. Do you agree with him? Try to prove Chukovsky's point of view with examples.

Indeed, the prefix can unrecognizably change the meaning of even obviously cognate words. For example: contribution, tray, transfer, denunciation, wear, removal, etc.

Form a new word from these words using the given prefixes and suffixes. Write down the words and sort them into composition:

2. Setting the goal of the lesson:

Working with a table:

Look carefully at the table. What do you think the lesson will be about today? How would you formulate the problem we will be working on today? Determine the purpose of today's lesson.

(The teacher summarizes the children's answers)

3. Explanation of the new topic

What is the peculiarity of the words included in the table? (They all have 2 roots)

What vowels are used to connect them? What do you think determines the choice of the vowel -o and -e?

What can you say about the words presented in the third column? Why are they separate?

What would you write on the first line of the table?

Complete the table with your own examples.

Conclusion : The connecting vowel -O is written after hard consonants. Consonants do not follow the rule-w, - w, -c followed by a connecting vowel–e.

After the stem into a soft consonant, after the hissing and–c the connecting vowel is written e.

4. Training exercises

Creative dictation

Replace phrases with one compound word, underline the consonant, on which the choice of the connecting vowel depends.

Help mutually (mutual assistance)

love work (hard work)

People with the same surname (namesake)

One who walks (pedestrian)

The one who cooks steel (steelmaker)

Logging (logging)

Device for catching mice (mousetrap)

Mud treatment (mud therapy)

Beetle that eats bark (bark beetle)

The one that swims in the sea (navigator)

5. "Guess the riddle"

Guys, we will continue the vocabulary dictation, only you must write down the words yourself. Write down the word that is the answer to the riddle.

1. I will rumble, I will scream, I will fly away under the sky (helicopter, plane).

2. He drinks with his tail, and gives with his beak (water supply).

3. He has a rubber trunk, a canvas stomach, and his motor hums - he swallows both dust and rubbish (vacuum cleaner).

4. I have a hedgehog in my room for a year.

If the floor is smeared with wax, he will rub it to a gloss (electric floor polisher).

5. There is a hole at the top, a hole at the bottom, and in the middle there is a fire and a hole (samovar).

6. A miracle janitor in front of us, with raking hands in one minute, raked up a huge snowdrift (snowplow).

7. A fabled bird flies, and inside the people sit, talking to each other (airplane).

8. Whatever this eye looks at, it will convey everything in the picture (camera).

"Find yourself a mate"

- Guys, now let's play with you. Each of you will receive a piece of paper on which this or that word is written. Your task is to find a match for yourself and create a compound word using a connecting vowel.

(The table shows an approximate group of words that are distributed to children)

5. Visual possibilities of word formation

Writers often use well-known word-building methods to create their own, they are called author's words. For example, famous writer Saltykov-Shchedrin, whom you know from his fairy tales, creates the diatribes necessary to satirical image contemporary society: nonsense brethren, black-armed meaning, foam skimmers, etc.

Modern writers actively use the possibilities of word formation. Let's read Matusovsky's poem, in which the poet forms new words according to the type of the word forbs (blooming meadows).

Who else could compete

With this forest greenery?

Summer all your riches

Scatters in front of me.

To be worthy of note

We haven't been able to

Diversity, colorfulness,

Diversity of the whole Earth.

We will never get bored

Never get bored

Diversity, diversity,

diversity of these places.

Young birches neighborhood,

lonely elm sadness

I take it straight to my heart

I'm afraid to drop something.

Mint, porridge, lungwort

Here they huddle in the meadow.

Now it's time for us to part

Yes, I can't.

Becoming older than I am,

I feel stronger

Diversity, diversity,

Variety of summer days.

Write out difficult words from the text, distributing them into two columns. What groups will you divide them into?

What figurative and expressive means does the poet use to create the image of a summer day.

6. Reflection

What new way of forming words have we met today?

What determines the choice of the connecting vowel?

7. Explanation of homework

I suggest you take up vocabulary. Come up with your own compound words on the topic "Winter".

Great spelling difficulty is caused by vowels, which are called connecting. "O" and "e" in compound words are often overlooked, as a result of which mistakes are made. It is noteworthy that there are no other letters connecting the two bases.

Definition

If a word consists of two or more bases, it will be called complex. For example, agricultural Agriculture), meat and dairy (meat and milk), scientific and technical (science and technology), chronicler (writing chronicles).

In Russian appeared on present stage development in a period of abundance of information, because it allows you to fit several concepts in one word.

Phenomena when more than two roots are used in the formation of a compound word are quite rare. For example, cycling.

Education and spellings

Compound words can be formed different ways. This will depend on their spelling. Let's analyze the most popular:

They write complex words in Russian together or with a hyphen: haymaking, railway, evergreen, boarding school, dynamo, cape. The use of one or another method depends on the formation of a particular word.

Words with a connective "o"

Let's analyze when the connecting "o", "e" are used in compound words. Examples of when it is necessary to write "about" are as follows:

• railway;
• factory;
• forest-steppe;
• national liberation;
• reinforced concrete.

In all these words, the first stem ends in a solid consonant, which is why the use of the connective "o" is required.

Words with a connective "e"

Now you should parse compound words with a connecting vowel e. Examples are:

• Old Russian;
• a pedestrian;
• vegetable store;
• birder;
• leatherworker;
• cook;
• hostel;
• traveler;
• windbreak;
• rain gauge.

All these words are united by the fact that the first stem ends in a soft consonant (rain gauge, Old Russian), in a hissing (dormitory, pedestrian, cook) or in "ts" (bird catcher). Therefore, in such words, the connecting "e" should be written.

Base Options

Sometimes the connecting "o" and "e" are not used in compound words: they are replaced by parts of derived stems. Let's take a look at such cases.

1. The word is formed from a combination of an adverb with an adjective: little explored, evergreen, purely negative, ominously proud. Here "o" and "e" are not connecting vowels, but suffixes.
2. The first part is a verb in tumbleweed.
3. The word is a shade of color. Accordingly, the suffix -а-/-я- is used to connect the bases: yellow-red, blue-black.

When a connecting vowel is not needed

There are many cases in Russian when the connecting "o" and "e" in compound words are completely unnecessary. This happens in the following cases:

1. If the first generative basis is a numeral in the form of the genitive case: two-sleeping, five-day, two-deck. AT this case there are suffixes homonymous to the endings of the genitive case form.
2. In some cases, the word is formed without these vowels simply by adding stems. For example, let's compare the words "psychotherapy" and "psychasthenia". In the first case, the word has a connecting "o", and in the second, the letter "a" is the initial in the word "asthenia".
3. Sometimes the first generative stem is the initial form of a noun: seed stalk (but: seed storage), flame-spewing (but: flame-bearer).
4. Also, the first generating stem can take the form of any case. So, all words with the first part of suma- and mind- will be written without connecting vowels: insane, crazy.
5. Many parts are words of foreign origin: air, auto, moto, photo, electro, quasi and others. Here, regardless of the hardness / softness of the preceding consonant, the original vowel remains: quasi-interesting, electric motor, aircraft modeling, motorcycle club.
6. Compound words should be distinguished from simple ones. So, in the word "electrification" there is only one root electri-. Everything behind it is a suffix and an ending. Another thing is the words "electronic carrier", "electrician", "electric motor". They already have two bases, one of which is electro-.

Spelling compound words

The connecting "o" and "e" in compound words can be used both when they are written together, and when they are hyphenated. Consider the use of a hyphen.

Compound words can be formed with the help of subordination. If they are formed by the first case, they will be written with a hyphen. In other words, the union "and" can be easily put between the parts. Let's look at examples, for this you need to compose complex words: sofa and bed - sofa bed; scientific and technical - scientific and technical; Russian and English - Russian-English; factory and plant - factory; meat and milk - meat and milk; military medical - military and medical and others.

Compound words (nouns and adjectives) with the meaning of the cardinal points: Western European, Southeast, Northeast.

Words that convey shades of colors: raspberry-gold, gray-brown-brown, light green, purple-blue.

If the word is formed from its own name: Leo Tolstoy style, Walter Scott ideas, New York Stock Exchange. The exception is geographical names formed from the phrase noun and adjective: Velikie Luki - Velikie Luki, Sergiev Posad - Segrievo Posad, Staraya Rus - Old Russian.

Words - scientific and technical terms: dynamo, vacuum dryer, diesel electrode, stop valve, filter press.

Words - designations political parties and currents: vice-mayor, liberal democratic, social democrat, national socialist.

A word that has a value judgment in the first part: unfortunate wife, shirt-guy, sweetheart-daughter, good boy-son.

If the first producing basis is the designation of any Latin letter: alpha male, beta-carotene, gamma radiation.

It is necessary to write together complex words formed with the help of a subordinate connection: timber processing (processing timber), Staromoskovsky (old Moscow), chronicler (writing a chronicle), dairy processing (processing milk), logging (logging).

Meaning of CONNECTING VOWS in the Dictionary of Linguistic Terms

CONNECTING VOCHES

Service morphemes of a derivational nature in compound words that have two or more non-derivative stems in their composition. After the basis for a paired hard consonant, o is used as a connecting vowel, after the bases for a soft consonant, for hissing and q, e is used. House management, land management, cook, pseudoscience, bird catcher. In a number of words, the final soft consonant of the first stem in, and, t is pronounced firmly and after it the connecting vowel o is written (in parallel with these words, there are also those in which, according to the rule, e is written). Bloodthirsty - blood, horse thief - horse breeder, bone carver - bone crusher, trapper, lust for power, ambition, carnivorous, wool weaver, fabulist, blood circulation, etc.

Dictionary of linguistic terms. 2012

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what are CONNECTING VOWS in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

• vowels in the One-volume large legal dictionary:
  - members of city dumas, zemstvo assemblies (county and provincial) in pre-revolutionary Russia. the institute of the city was introduced in the cities in 1785 ...
• vowels in the Big Law Dictionary:
  - members of city dumas, zemstvo assemblies (county and provincial) in pre-revolutionary Russia. Institute of G. was introduced in the cities in 1785 ...
• vowels in the Dictionary of Economic Terms:
  BIDDING - bidding, information about the participants of which and the content of their proposals are announced publicly, in an open form, during which the tender ...
• vowels
  elected members of zemstvo assemblies and city dumas in Russia from the 2nd floor. nineteen …
• vowels
  Vowel sounds - are formed from a musical tone, the result of the activity of the vocal cords (the so-called vocal tone), modified by various positions of the oral cavity, which plays ...
• vowels in the Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  
• vowels in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  speech sounds, formed with the obligatory participation of the voice. When pronouncing vowels, the position of the tongue, lips and soft palate is such that air passes ...
• vowels
  VOICES (lingu.), speech sounds, consisting of Ch. arr. from a voice tone. When pronouncing G., the position of the tongue, lips and soft palate is as follows, ...
• vowels in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  Vowels, elected members of zemstvo assemblies and mountains. doom in Russia from the 2nd floor. nineteen …
• vowels in the Full accentuated paradigm according to Zaliznyak:
  eyes, eyes, eyes, eyes, eyes, eyes, eyes, ...
• vowels in the Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  - a class of speech sounds distinguished on the basis of their articulatory, acoustic and functional properties. The articulatory properties of G. are that ...
• vowels in Modern explanatory dictionary, TSB:
  in linguistics, the sounds of speech, consisting mainly of a voice tone. When pronouncing vowels, the position of the tongue, lips and soft palate ...
• JOINTS: MECHANICAL JOINTS in Collier's Dictionary:
  To the article COUPLING CONNECTIONS Mechanical couplings are permanent detachable connections. Very long shafts, such as the propeller shafts of ships, separate ...
• HAMMER FREE CONNECTING in the Rules of the Russian language:
  Unstressed connecting vowels § 37. In compound words, only o and e can be connecting vowels between stems, for example: ...
• vowels in the Dictionary of Linguistic Terms:
  Speech sounds produced by the free passage of air in the mouth, consisting mainly of voice (vocal tone) with an almost complete absence of noise. …
• HARNESS The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Weapons:
  - a baldric on which cold bladed weapons are worn. It is made of leather or fabric, has connecting buckles and sometimes metal ...
• WHITE in the Lexicon of non-classics, artistic and aesthetic culture of the XX century, Bychkov:
  Andrei (Boris Nikolaevich Bugaev, 1880-1934) Russian poet, writer, thinker, one of the main theorists and representatives of symbolism. The son of a professor of mathematics, dean ...
• ATTICA in the Directory of Characters and Cult Objects of Greek Mythology.
• HARNESS in the Dictionary of military-historical terms:
  - A baldric on which cold bladed weapons are worn. It is made of leather or fabric, has connecting buckles and sometimes metal ...
• RUSSIA, DIV. A BRIEF OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF SOUNDS AND FORMS OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia:
  During the centuries-old existence of the Russian language, its sounds and forms, its syntactic structure and lexical composition have undergone significant changes. Follow…
• PASHINKA in the Culinary Dictionary:
  part of the carcass forming the abdominal cavity in the back half of the carcass. This meat is of the 3rd grade, since connective tissues predominate in it. …
• FIBER sympathetic preganglionic in Medical terms:
  (neurofibrae preganglionares sympathicae, lnh) nerve V., coming from the cells of the intermediate-lateral nucleus of the lateral horns spinal cord(ThI - LIII) through the front ...
• PHONETICS in the Literary Encyclopedia:
  [from the Greek word ph?n?? - voice, sounding speech] - department of linguistics 797 (see), studying the sound side of the language. F. is dismembered ...
• PROVERB in the Literary Encyclopedia:
  [lat. — proverbium, adagium, French. — proverbe, German. — Sprichworth, eng. — proverb. From the Greek name P. - paroim?a - ...
• GRAPHIC ARTS in the Literary Encyclopedia:
  DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT. The set of systems of acoustic-articulatory signs of oral or spoken speech, denoted by the term phonetics, is opposed by G., as a set of systems of optical signs, ...
• CLUTCH in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  in technology - a device for connecting (permanent or temporary) shafts, pipes, steel ropes, cables, etc. There are connecting couplings ...
• SHIP
  a vessel propelled by an internal combustion engine; the most common type of self-propelled vessel. Power from the main ship engine T. ...
• PHONE STATION in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  station, complex technical means designed for switching communication channels of the telephone network. On T. s, certain telephone channels are connected ...
• TELEGRAPH STATION in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  station, a complex of equipment intended for switching telegraph channels. On T. s. temporary connections of terminal points (OP) of the telegraph network are organized ...
• UNION in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  function word, the purpose of which is to connect (link) words, members and parts of a sentence, as well as whole sentences based on a composition ...
• SYMPATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  nervous system (from the Greek sympathes - sensitive, susceptible to influence), part of the autonomic nervous system vertebrates and humans, consisting of ...
• CONTACTS in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  in building structures, connecting elements that ensure the stability of the main (bearing) frame structures and the spatial rigidity of the structure as a whole. S. also provide ...
• RADIO MEASUREMENTS in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  measurements of electrical, magnetic and electromagnetic quantities and their relationships characterizing the operation of radio engineering devices in the frequency range from infrasonic to ultrahigh. …
• DRIVEWAYS in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  ways, railway paths connecting the station located on the railway. highways common use, with industrial, agricultural enterprise or other organization. TO …
• DIGESTION in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB.
• LETTER in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  a sign system for fixing speech, which allows using descriptive (graphic) elements to convey speech information at a distance and fix it in time. …
• PRINTED DIAGRAM in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  circuit, a unit of electrical or radio equipment, made on one board in the form of a system of printed electrical and radio elements interconnected in a way ...
• PIPE BRANCH in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  a small piece of pipe attached (rolled, riveted, welded) to a pipeline, reservoir, and other structures, used to connect pipelines to them and ...
• ORBIT in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  conventional name for space communication earth stations that form a single network on the territory of the USSR; transmit and receive for subsequent retransmission monochrome and ...
• NEPHROCITES in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  (from the Greek nephros - kidney and kytos - receptacle, here - cell), parenchyma cells or connective tissues that have an excretory function ...
• CLUTCH in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  (from German Muffe or Dutch mouwtje) in engineering, devices for permanent or temporary connection of shafts, pipes, steel ropes, cables and ...
• MNEMONIC SCHEME in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  diagram, mnemonic diagram, conditional image of a controlled object using symbols and indicators placed on the front side of the control panel or special panels ...
• CHANNEL (IN HYDRO ENGINEERING) in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  (from lat. canalis - pipe, gutter) in hydraulic engineering, artificial channel (water conduit) correct form with non-pressure movement of water, arranged in the ground. …
• CABLE CLUTCH in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  coupling, device for mechanical and electrical connection cables in cable line, as well as to attach it to electrical installations and …
• PHONETICS in encyclopedic dictionary Brockhaus and Euphron:
  (from the Greek. ????????? = sound, voice) - a department of linguistics that studies the sound side of the language. This term is not precise enough and definite. …
• SHORTHAND in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
  (tachygraphy and many other names - Greek cursive) - an art with which you can write as soon as they say; …
• SYMPATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron.
• RUSSIA. RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AND RUSSIAN LITERATURE: RUSSIAN LANGUAGE in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
  A. Russian language is a term used in two senses. It means: I) the totality of dialects of Great Russian, Belarusian and Little Russian; II) modern ...

Lesson topic: Difficult words. Connecting vowels o and e in compound words.

Goals: know the ways of forming compound words, the condition for choosing connecting vowels O and E; develop spelling vigilance, communication skills, interest in the subject; to cultivate a sense of friendship, collectivism, the ability to conduct an educational dialogue

Equipment: presentation , cards.

During the classes:

I. Organizing time

introduction

The children, before starting the lesson, looked at each other and smiled.

I wish you all good luck so that our lesson is kind, bright

II. Knowledge update

Task: Set students up to perceive new material, repeat the material on how words are formed.

Exercise: Read the poem "Merry Poems" and tell how words are formed in Russian.

How words grow

Somehow many years ago
Planted strange garden.
There was no fruit garden -
He was only a word.

This word is the root word
It soon began to grow
And brought us fruit -
There are many new words.

Here from garden
To you seedling.
Here's another landings near.
And here gardener.
With him gardener goes.
Very interesting
walk in garden verbal.
(A. E.Izmailoin)

III Working on a new theme .

1. Video "Complex words in Russian"

2. Determining the topic of the lesson. Recording in the notebook the number and topic of the lesson Compound words. Connecting vowels o and e in compound words.

- What is the topic of our lesson?

The words pedestrian, electric locomotive, steamboat, plane are complex words. They are formed:

adding whole words: boarding school;

stems of words with a connecting vowel: steamer;

stem parts of a word with a whole word: kindergarten;

abbreviated basics: Theater of the Young Spectator - Youth Theater.

In compound words, connective about is written after hard consonants, and the connective e- after soft consonants, hissing and c.

For example: an oil pipeline, an airplane, a birder.

We found out which words are called complex, learned that two connecting vowels O and E are involved in the formation of compound words.

There is also the letter I, acting in this role, but with it we will meet when we deal with numerals, for example: six-year-olds, so we stayed O and E. They will be the guests of our lesson today.

(The words are written on the blackboard

climber ← top, climb

Oil pipeline ← oil, conduct
Pedestrian ← walking, walking
Vegetable cutter ← vegetables, cut
Poultry farm ← poultry, factory

3. Preparation for the perception of the topic. Task: solve riddles

Boldly floats in the sky,
Overtaking birds in flight.
The man controls it.
What? (AIRPLANE)

Courageously sailing on the waves
Without slowing down.
Only the car is buzzing is important
What? (STEAMBOAT)

Every day comes out in the morning
On your daily trip.
Must know all the rules
On the roads ... (PESTRIATOR)

What is this way of forming words called?
- Guess what these words might be called?

4. Work with the textbook Exercise 5 Page 75 From each pair of words, make a compound word, write down, underline the connecting vowel o or e. Explain your choice. 5.Task: Choose antonyms for these words, explain the choice of a connecting vowel.

A lazy student is a hardworking student.

A serious young man is frivolous.

Monotonous movement - diverse.

Hostile attitude is friendly.

6. Physical education

7. Task:

Match the words in the left column with the correct words from the right column. Write down a compound word, indicating graphically the choice of a connecting vowel.

8. Crossword

(Each student receives a card with a crossword puzzle and fills in independently).

1. Garden specialist.
2. Locomotive with a steam engine.
3. Channel for the exit of smoke from the pipe.
4. Russian folk dance game.
5. Forest felled by a storm.
6. Unscheduled, spontaneous accomplishment of some business, work.
7. Firearms.

9. vocabulary work

MANAGER is a specialist who organizes production or commercial activities, organization of foreign trade operations; conducts commercial negotiations.

10. The game "Purchasing Manager"

Imagine that you are a purchasing manager. make a list Vehicle, in the name of which there would be connecting vowels o - e.

Imagine that you are a manager at the labor exchange. Make a list of professions and occupations necessary for our aul, district, in which there would be connecting vowels e-o

11. "Silent dictation." Write titles for pictures

12. Creative work.

Task: replace the words with one compound word. (Perform orally).

13. Work with cards. check yourself

operational control.

Test "True and False Statements".

I make statements, if you agree with it - clap your hands, if you disagree - stomp your feet.

1. Compound words are all long words.

2. If the first root ends in a hard consonant, then we write the connecting vowel -О-.

3. After the letters - F - and - W - it is written - O-.

4. Words that have 2 roots are called complex.

5. In the words gardener, diver - a connecting vowel -О-.

6. If the first root ends in a soft consonant, then we write the connecting vowel -E-.)

VI. Summarizing.

Grading.

Homework: Compose riddles in which riddles are compound words