How to make a permanent magnet with your own hands. How to make a magnet from improvised materials yourself

For many people, the magnet is still a mystery, although people got acquainted with this metal and the phenomenon in principle a very long time ago. Already then it was developed whole system for the manufacture of various magnets. Today, this is far from uncommon, and even powerful magnets can be made at home.

Creating a magnet from improvised means

Of course, for many, this will even seem like something supernatural and may even be a shock, but even now, sitting at home, most people can make a magnet with their own hands. Below are four ways that describe how to make a powerful magnet at home.

Method number 1

The first and probably therefore the easiest way: to implement it, you just need to take any object that can be magnetized (the object must be metal) and pass it several times along the permanent magnet, and this should be done only in one direction. But, unfortunately, such a magnet will be short-lived and will lose its magnetic properties very quickly.

Method number 2

This method of magnetization is performed using a battery or accumulator for 5 or 12 volts. Most often it is used to magnetize screwdrivers and is performed as follows:

A copper wire of a certain length is taken, which will be enough to wrap the screwdriver shaft 280 - 350 times. Best suited wire from transformers, or one that is intended for their production.
The object is isolated this case, with the help of electrical tape, the entire screwdriver shaft is wrapped.
The winding itself is performed and it is connected to the battery. One end is positive, the other is negative. The winding should be carried out turn to turn, evenly. The insulation must also be tight.

As a result of these manipulations, it will be much more pleasant to work with a screwdriver. With this operation, you can turn any old unnecessary screwdrivers into a really handy tool.

Method number 3

This option describes how to make a powerful magnet quite in a simple way. In fact, it has already been fully described above, but this particular method implies a different material. In this case, it will be used ordinary metal, or rather a small piece of it, preferably a cubic shape and a more powerful coil. Now the number of turns must be increased by 2-3 times in order for the magnetization to be successful.

Method number 4

This method is very dangerous and is strictly forbidden to be performed by people who are not professionals in the field of electrics. It is carried out strictly in compliance with safety regulations, the main thing to remember is that only you and no one else are responsible for life and health.

He talks about how to make a strong magnet at home, while spending a small amount of money. In this case, an even more powerful coil wound exclusively from copper will be used, as well as a fuse for a 220 volt network.

The fuse is needed so that the coil can be turned off in time. Immediately after connecting to the network, it will burn out, but at the same time, it will have time to go through the process of magnetization in such a period of time. The current strength in this case will be maximum for the network and the magnet will be powerful enough.

Powerful do-it-yourself electromagnet

First, you need to understand what it is. An electromagnet is a whole device that, when a certain current is applied to it, works like an ordinary magnet. Immediately after cessation, it loses these properties. How to make a powerful magnet from an ordinary coil and iron was described above. So, if you use a magnetic circuit instead of iron, then you will get the same electromagnet.

In order to figure out how to make a strong magnet at home that will work from the mains, you just need to remember a little information from the course school physics and understand that with an increase in the coil, as well as the magnetic circuit, the power of the magnet will also increase. But this will require more current to unlock the full potential of the magnet.

But it is neodymium that remains the most powerful, they have all the most desired properties and, with their strength, have a small size and weight. How to make neodymium magnets with my own hands and whether it is possible at all and will be discussed further.

Making a neodymium magnet

Due to the complex composition and special technique production, the question of how to make a neodymium magnet with your own hands at home disappears by itself. But many are still interested in how to make neodymium magnets, because, it would seem, if you can make an ordinary magnet, then neodymium is also quite possible to make.

But everything is not as simple as it seems in reality. Serious companies are engaged in the production of such magnets; they use special technologies for very powerful magnetization of the material. And this is in addition to the fact that an alloy that is quite difficult to extract and manufacture is used. Therefore, this question can be clearly answered - no. If someone manages to do this, then he can easily open his own production, since necessary equipment he will already have.

Application of the created magnets

Application for industrial and economic purposes

Used in various electrical appliances. Especially common in devices equipped with speakers. Any dynamic head includes a magnet, ferrite or neodymium, in rare cases others are used. Magnets are also used furniture production, toys. In production, when filtering bulk materials.

Application at home

Fridge magnets are one of the most common uses for magnets. Also, some use them to stop meters in order to reduce utility bills, but doing so is strictly prohibited, and inappropriate.

Conclusion

Based on this article, you can understand how to make a powerful magnet at home, without spending any special effort and material resources on it. But you should not experiment with a powerful network for people who do not understand electricity and generally have no idea how it works, because it is serious and very dangerous for human life.

How to make a magnet?

Every person has a magnet in the house; it can be used in the household or decorated and attached to the refrigerator so that it serves as an interior decoration. However, few people know that you can create it yourself at home. Below will be described how to make a magnet with your own hands.

Making a magnet at home

There are several ways to make a magnet; some of them are very simple, so anyone can do it. It just takes patience and a little dexterity. You will not need to collect certain metals, melt them and add special substances.

Method number 1

You can make a magnet using a strong permanent magnet. You only need to swipe a metal object several times in exactly one direction. But such a magnet will retain its magnetic properties for a short period of time, so the procedure will have to be repeated from time to time.

Method number 2

In order for a metal object to acquire magnetic properties, it is necessary to draw an electromagnet over its surface. In this case, the object will retain its magnetic properties longer and it will not need to be "magnetized" often. Read about making an electromagnet in our article.

Method number 3

In order to make a more durable magnet, you will need to find a bar of hardened steel and an inductor. However, the size of the piece of steel must fit completely inside the coil. In order to avoid a short circuit, it is better to include a fuse in the circuit.

To make a magnetized object last longer, it is recommended to find a bar made of steel, iron or alnico. The latter is quite difficult to find, but if you need a durable magnet, then you can try to find it.

Sometimes people ask how to make a neodymium magnet with your own hands. Let's try to figure out, as far as possible, and what is the process of manufacturing such products in general.

So, the devices we sell consist of an alloy that is 70% iron and almost 30% boron. Only some fractions of a percent in its composition fall on the rare earth metal neodymium, the natural deposits of which are extremely rare in nature. Most of they are in China, they are still only in a few countries, including Russia.

Before making neodymium magnets, manufacturers create sand molds for them. Then the tray with the forms is doused with gas and subjected to heat treatment, due to which the sand hardens and retains the future outlines of the metal blank on its surface. Hot metal will later be placed into these molds, from which, in fact, the necessary products will be obtained.

Now let's take a closer look at how a neodymium magnet is made. Unlike ferromagnetic products, the metal here does not melt, but is sintered from a powder mixture placed in an inert or vacuum environment. Then the resulting magnetoplast is pressed with simultaneous exposure to electro magnetic field a certain intensity. As we see, even initial stage production, it is noticeable that the question of how to make neodymium magnets at home sounds out of place. The operations and the equipment used are too complicated. Creating such conditions at home is hardly possible.

After the blanks are taken out of the molds, they are subjected to mechanical processing - they are carefully polished, then they are fired to improve the coercive force of the products.

Finally, we come to the last steps that will help to finally answer the question of how neodymium magnets are made. The sintered NdFeB alloy is refinished on the machine with a special tool. During operation, a cooling lubricant is used to prevent overheating or ignition of the powder.

applied to magnets protective covering. This is due, firstly, to the fact that sintered metals are quite brittle and need to be strengthened, and, secondly, the metal will be protected from corrosion processes and other effects. external environment. So manufacturers are worried in advance about how to make a neodymium magnet stronger and more durable. The coating can be copper, nickel, zinc. In the last phase of the production process, magnetization is applied by means of a strong magnetic field. Further - they are sent to the warehouse, and from there to the buyers.

So, after we examined the production process in more or less detail, it became clear that, probably, you should not seriously ask yourself the question "how to make a neodymium magnet at home." After all, this requires not only the presence of certain knowledge, but a lot of complex units.

There are several ways to make a magnet at home. The first and second methods are suitable for simple home experiments and for showing children. The third and fourth methods are somewhat more complicated and require care and caution.

Do-it-yourself manufacturing options for simple magnets

Method 1

To create a magnet, you will need the simplest materials at hand:

• Copper wire.
• DC source.
• The metal blank is the future magnet.

Alloy elements are used as blanks various metals. It is easier and cheaper to get ferrites - they are a mixture of powdered iron with various additives. Hardened steel is also used, because, unlike ferrites, it retains a magnetic charge longer. The shape of the blanks does not matter - round, rectangular or any other, as this will not affect its final magnetic properties.

The simplest electromagnet made of wire, batteries and a nail

We take a metal blank and wrap it around copper wire. A total of 300 turns should be obtained. We attach the ends of the wire to a battery or accumulator. As a result, the metal workpiece is magnetized. How strong its field will be depends on the power of the current coming from the power supply.

Method 2

First you need to make an inductor coil. The future magnet is placed inside it, so a workpiece of compact dimensions is used. The procedure is exactly the same, except for the fact that the number of turns of wire should not be 300, but 600. This method is good if you need to make a magnet with increased power.

Copper wire on a ferrite magnet

Method 3

It implies the use of mains electricity. The method is quite complicated and dangerous, so the manipulations must be verified and careful. TO standard set fixtures, a fuse is added, without which it will not work to create a magnet. It is he who is connected to the inductor coil, inside of which a metal workpiece is located. The fuse is connected to the network. As a result, it burns out, but at the same time it manages to charge the object inside the coil to high exponential ones.

Be careful! Such experiments pose a danger to life and often lead to short circuit in the mains! When choosing a similar method of manufacturing magnetic elements, take the necessary precautions and prepare a fire extinguisher that will quickly extinguish a possible fire.

A special magnetometer will help evaluate the result of the work - it will show how strong the resulting product is.

How to make the most powerful magnet yourself

The most powerful magnets in the world are made from the rare earth metal neodymium. Iron, neodymium and boron are powdered, mixed, molded and sintered in microwave ovens. Then the blanks are magnetized and a protective coating of zinc or nickel is applied. It is very difficult to repeat this process at home. But there is another way.

Method 4

The first step towards realizing the goal is to find broken hard drives from the computer. If there is no broken hard drive in the household, you can try to find non-working devices on Avito, Darudara or other ad sites.

Magnetic head in an open hard drive

Disks have a magnetic head used to control the writing and reading of data. The second step is to completely disassemble HDD and get access to this head. On it are curved plates made of an alloy of neodymium-iron-boron. They can be glued to steel elements, but are often held in place by their own magnetic force. The largest neodymium magnets are found in the oldest hard drives.

Of course, the easiest way is to buy a neodymium magnet of the desired shape and strength. On the other hand, if you have several non-working hard drives in stock, then it would be extremely imprudent to simply throw them away.

The World of Magnets online store offers you to buy neodymium magnets at the most attractive prices. Choose the products you want from our catalog and place your order. Purchase finished products with the necessary parameters - it is always easier, faster and more profitable than trying to make neodymium magnets yourself.

The unique properties of certain substances have always surprised people with their unusualness. Special attention I was attracted by the ability of some metals and stones to repel or attract each other. Throughout all epochs, this aroused the interest of the sages and the great surprise of ordinary people.

Starting from the 12th - 13th centuries, it began to be actively used in the production of compasses and other innovative inventions. Today you can see the prevalence and diversity of magnets in all areas of our lives. Every time we see another magnet product, we often ask ourselves the question: “So how are magnets made?”

Types of magnets

There are several types of magnets:

• Constant;
• Temporary;
• Electromagnet;

The difference between the first two magnets lies in their degree of magnetization and the time the field is held inside. Depending on the composition, the magnetic field will be weaker or stronger and more resistant to external fields. An electromagnet is not a real magnet, it's just the effect of electricity that creates a magnetic field around a metal core.

: for the first time, research on this substance was carried out by our domestic scientist Peter Peregrin. In 1269 he published The Book of the Magnet, which described unique properties matter and its interaction with the environment.

What are magnets made of?

For the production of permanent and temporary magnets, iron, neodymium, boron, cobalt, samarium, alnico and ferrites are used. They are crushed in several stages and melted together, baked or pressed together until a permanent or temporary magnetic field is obtained. Depending on the type of magnets and the required characteristics, the composition and proportions of the components change.

Related materials:

Why does a magnet attract - all about magnetic fields

This production allows you to get three types of magnets:

• Pressed;
• cast;
• sintered;

Making magnets

Electromagnets are made by winding wire around a metal core. By changing the size of the core and the length of the wire, the field power, the amount of electricity used and the size of the device change.

Component Selection

Permanent and temporary magnets are produced with different field strengths and resistance to environmental influences. Before starting production, the customer determines the composition and shape of future products, depending on the place of application and the high cost of production. Accurate to the gram, all components are selected and sent to the first stage of production.

Smelting

The operator loads all the components of the future magnet into the electric vacuum furnace. After checking the equipment and matching the amount of material, the furnace is closed. With the help of a pump, all the air is pumped out of the chamber and the melting process is started. Air is removed from the chamber in order to prevent oxidation of the iron and possible loss of field power. The molten mixture is poured into the mold on its own, and the operator waits for it to cool completely. The result is a briquette that already has magnetic properties.