Summary of chapter 7 of the captain's daughter. "The Captain's Daughter": retelling

Pushkin A.S. “ Captain's daughter”Historical story, summary.
The story, written by the great and, is the first artistic historical work. The plot for this story was a real event that happened during.
The story is written on behalf of the elderly nobleman Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, who tells about his youth, which fell during the reign of the grandmother of the current Emperor Alexander,.
As an epigraph to the work “The Captain's Daughter”, he cites the Russian proverb “Take care of the dress again, and honor from a young age”
Grinev begins his story with the remark that sometimes an insignificant event can change a person's life and direct him along a different path.
In his family, Petrusha Grinev was the ninth, the only surviving child. His childhood and adolescence passed quite freely, like most landowner undergrowths. At first, a former soldier Savelich looked after him, who, for reasonable behavior, was assigned to him as uncles. Then the turn of the tutor came and a Frenchman was assigned to this role, of whom there were a lot of people left in Russia after the defeat of Napoleon. This former French hairdresser could not teach anything sensible until he was expelled for drunkenness and dissolute behavior.
And so Petrusha lived to the age of seventeen, when the priest decided to assign him to military service. Only the young nobleman had to go not to the capitals, but to the army so that he could “smell gunpowder.” Faithful Savelich is sent to serve, but more to look after the unreasonable young master.
Getting to the fortress, where they were to serve, they got into a blizzard, and they would have disappeared if a random person had not taken their wagon to the road. In gratitude for the rescue, Petrusha Grinev, a kind soul, gives a rabbit sheepskin coat to the savior, not even suspecting that he is saving his life with this gift.
The fortress, where Grinev was assigned to serve, in fact turned out to be an ordinary village surrounded by a wooden palisade. The military garrison consisted of peasants who did not distinguish left from right. The fortress was defended from enemies with an old cannon, which was clogged with garbage.
In fact, the wife of commandant Mironov, Vasilisa Yegorovna, commanded the fortress. Grinev was accepted as a native, and he himself became very attached to the family, especially since the commandant had a very attractive daughter, Masha. The sweet, calm and well-behaved Masha Mironova made such an impression on the young unlucky barchuk that he became interested in reading books, began to practice translations from French and compose poetry.
Everything seems to be going well and calmly, but officer Shvabrin, to whom Masha has denied her affection, insults her and forces Grinev to a duel. He is more experienced in military affairs and wounded Grinev in a duel. While he lies wounded, the rebels under the leadership of Pugachev attack the fortress. The commandant and his wife refuse to swear allegiance to him as emperor and perish. Pugachev releases Grinev when he honestly says that he cannot take the oath twice.
Grinev is trying to get military help in the fortress of Orenburg, but there they themselves are afraid that Pugachev will reach Orenburg. And so it happened. Emelyan Pugachev laid siege to Orenburg.
By chance, Grinev learns that Shvabrin is trying to force Masha Mironova to marry him and goes to the Belogorsk fortress. He is captured and, appearing again before Pugachev, honestly tells what brought him back to Belogorsk. Pugachev shows himself to be a noble man and orders Shvabrin, who has gone over to his side, to release the orphan. Shvabrin had to obey, but he writes a denunciation of Grinev that he is a Pugachev spy. After the defeat of Pugachev, Grinev awaits trial and exile to Siberia on false charges. The captain's daughter Masha goes to St. Petersburg to convey a letter to Empress Catherine with a request to pardon Pyotr Grinev. The meeting took place almost by chance in the garden of Tsarskoye Selo, where Masha told the whole story and the Empress pardoned Grinev, thereby saving him from dishonor.
Summary The story of The Captain's Daughter can be expressed in one, but very emotional phrase by Grinev: “God forbid to see a Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless”

Chapter 1. Sergeant of the Guard. The chapter opens with a biography of Pyotr Grinev: his father served, retired, the family had 9 children, but all, except for Pyotr, died in infancy. Even before his birth, Grinev was enrolled in the Semenov regiment. Until he came of age, he was considered on vacation. The boy is brought up by uncle Savelyich, under whose guidance Petrusha masters Russian literacy and learns to judge the merits of a greyhound dog. Later, the Frenchman Beaupre was discharged to him, who was supposed to teach the boy "in French, German and other sciences," but he did not educate Petrusha, but drank and walked among the girls. The father soon discovers this and kicks the Frenchman out. When Peter is in his seventeenth year, his father sends him to the service, but not to Petersburg, as his son hoped, but to Orenburg. Parting words to his son, the father orders to take care of him "a dress again, and honor from a young age." Upon arrival in Simbirsk, Grinev meets the captain Zurin in a tavern, who teaches him to play billiards, gets drunk and wins 100 rubles from him. Grinev "behaved like a boy breaking free." The next morning, Zurin demands a win. Grinev, who wants to show his character, forces Savelich, despite his protests, to give out money and, ashamed, leaves Simbirsk.

Chapter 2 Leader. On the way, Grinev asks Savelich for forgiveness for his stupid behavior. On the way they are caught by a storm. They go off the road. They meet a man whose "sharpness and subtlety of instinct" amaze Grinev, the man asks to take them to the nearest housing. In the wagon, Grinev has a dream that he arrives at the estate, finds his father dying. Peter approaches him for a blessing and sees instead of his father a man with a black beard. Mother assures Grinev that this is his imprisoned father. The man jumps up, starts swinging his ax, the room is filled with dead bodies. The peasant smiles and calls to Peter under his blessing. At the inn, Grinev looks at the counselor. “He was about forty, medium height, thin and broad-shouldered. There was gray in his black beard, and his large, lively eyes were running about. His face had an expression rather pleasant, but roguish. His hair was cut in a circle, he was wearing a tattered coat and Tatar trousers. The counselor speaks with the owner in “allegorical language”: “I flew into the garden, pecked hemp; grandmother threw a pebble, but past. Grinev brings a glass of wine to the counselor, gives him a rabbit sheepskin coat. From Orenburg, an old friend of his father, Andrei Karlovich R., sends Grinev to serve in the Belogorsk fortress (40 miles from the city).

Chapter 3 Fortress. The fortress looks like a village. A sensible and kind old woman, the wife of the commandant, Vasilisa Yegorovna, manages everything. The next morning, Grinev met Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin, a young officer "of short stature, with a swarthy face and remarkably ugly, but extremely lively." Shvabrin transferred to the fortress for a duel. Shvabrin tells Grinev about life in the fortress, describes the family of the commandant, speaks especially unflatteringly about the daughter of the commandant Mironov - Masha. Shvabrin and Grinev are invited to dinner at the commandant's family. Along the way, Grinev sees "teachings": commandant Ivan Kuzmich Mironov is in command of a platoon of disabled people. At the same time, he himself is dressed in a cap and a Chinese robe.

Chapter 4 Duel. Grinev is very attached to the commandant's family. He is promoted to officer. Grinev talks a lot with Shvabrin, but he likes him less and less, and especially his caustic remarks about Masha. Grinev devotes mediocre love poems to Masha. Shvabrin sharply criticizes them, insults Masha in a conversation with Grinev. Grinev calls him a liar, Shvabrin demands satisfaction. Before the duel, on the orders of Vasilisa Yegorovna, they are arrested, the yard girl Palashka even takes away their swords. After some time, Grinev learns from Masha that Shvabrin was wooing her, but she refused (this explains Shvabrin's stubborn slander against the girl). The duel resumes, Grinev is wounded.

Chapter 5 Love. Masha and Savelich tend to the wounded. Grinev proposes to Masha. Writes a letter to his parents. Shvabrin comes to visit Grinev, admits that he himself was to blame. Grinev's father refuses to bless his son (he also knows about the duel, but not from Savelich. Grinev decides that Shvabrin told his father). Masha avoids Grinev, does not want a wedding without the consent of her parents. Grinev ceases to visit the Mironovs' house, loses heart.

Chapter 6 Pugachevshchina. The commandant receives a notification about Yemelyan Pugachev's band of robbers attacking the fortress. Vasilisa Egorovna finds out everything, and rumors of an attack spread throughout the fortress. Pugachev calls on the enemy to surrender. One of the appeals falls into the hands of Mironov through a captured Bashkir who has no nose, ears and tongue (the consequences of torture). Ivan Kuzmich decides to send Masha out of the fortress. Masha says goodbye to Grinev. Vasilisa Egorovna refuses to leave and stays with her husband.

Chapter 7 Attack. At night, the Cossacks leave the Belogorsk fortress under the banner of Pugachev. The Pugachevites attack the fortress. The commandant and the few defenders of the Fortress defend themselves, but the forces are unequal. Pugachev, who captured the fortress, arranges a "trial". Ivan Kuzmich and his comrades are executed (hanged). When the turn comes to Grinev, Savelich throws himself at the feet of Pugachev, begging to spare the "master's child", promising a ransom. Pugachev agrees. Residents of the city and garrison soldiers swear allegiance to Pugachev. Undressed Vasilisa Yegorovna is taken out onto the porch, and they kill her. Pugachev leaves.

Chapter 8 Uninvited guest. Grinev is tormented by the thought of Masha's fate... She is hidden by the priest, from which Grinev learns that Shvabrin has gone over to Pugachev's side. Savelich informs Grinev that he recognized Pugachev as a counselor. Pugachev calls Grinev to his place. Grinev leaves. “Everyone treated each other like comrades and did not show any particular preference for their leader ... Everyone boasted, offered his opinions and freely challenged Pugachev.” Pugachevtsy sing a song about the gallows. Pugachev's guests disperse. Face to face, Grinev honestly admits that he does not consider Pugachev a king. Pugachev: “Is there no luck for the daring one? Didn't Grishka Otrepiev reign in the old days? Think of me what you want, but don't leave me behind." Pugachev lets Grinev go to Orenburg, despite the fact that he promises to fight against him.

Chapter 9 Separation. Pugachev orders Grinev to inform the governor of Orenburg that the Pugachevites will be in the city in a week. Pugachev himself leaves the Belogorsk fortress, leaving Shvabrin as commandant. Savelich gives Pugachev a "registry" of the plundered lord's property, Pugachev, in a "fit of generosity", leaves him without attention and without punishment. He favors Grinev with a horse and a fur coat from his shoulder. Masha is sick.

Chapter 10 The siege of the city. Grinev goes to Orenburg to see General Andrei Karlovich. At the military council "there was not a single military man." “All the officials talked about the unreliability of the troops, about the unfaithfulness of luck, about caution and the like. Everyone believed that it was more prudent to remain under the cover of cannons behind a strong stone wall than on open field experience the happiness of a weapon." Officials offer to bribe Pugachev's people (put a high price on his head). The constable brings a letter from Masha to Grinev from the Belogorsk fortress (Shvabrin forces her to marry him). Grinev asks the general to give him a company of soldiers and fifty Cossacks in order to clear the Belogorsk fortress. The General, of course, refuses.

Chapter 11 Rebellious settlement. Grinev and Savelyich go alone to help Masha. On the way, Pugachev's people grab them. Pugachev interrogates Grinev about his intentions in the presence of confidants. Grinev confesses that he is going to save the orphan from Shvabrin's claims. The confidants offer to deal not only with Shvabrin, but also with Grinev - hang both of them. Pugachev treats Grinev with obvious sympathy (“debt paid in red”), promises to marry him to Masha. In the morning, Grinev in Pugachev's wagon goes to the fortress. In a confidential conversation, Pugachev tells him that he would like to go to Moscow, “my street is cramped; I have little will. My guys are smart. They are thieves. I must keep my ears open; at the first failure, they will redeem their neck with my head. Pugachev tells Grinev a Kalmyk tale about an eagle and a raven (the raven pecked at carrion, but lived up to 300 years, and the eagle was willing to starve, " better time get drunk with living blood”, but do not eat carrion, “and there - what God will give”).

Chapter 12 Orphan. In the fortress, Pugachev finds out that Shvabrin is mocking Masha, starving her. Pugachev "by the will of the sovereign" releases the girl, wants to immediately marry her with Grinev. Shvabrin reveals that she is the daughter of Captain Mironov. Pugachev decides that "to execute, so to execute, favor, so favor" and releases Grinev and Masha.

Chapter 13 Arrest. On the way out of the fortress, the soldiers arrest Grinev, mistaking him for a Pugachevite, and take him to their boss, who turns out to be Zurin. On his advice, Grinev decides to send Masha and Savelich to his parents, and to continue fighting himself. "Pugachev was defeated, but was not caught" and gathered new detachments in Siberia. He is pursued, caught, the war ends. Zurin receives an order to arrest Grinev and send him under guard to Kazan to the Investigative Commission on the Pugachev case.

Chapter 14 Judgment On the charge of Shvabrin, Grinev is suspected of serving Pugachev. Grinev is sentenced to exile in Siberia. Grinev's parents became very attached to Masha. Not wanting to abuse their generosity, Masha travels to St. Petersburg, stops in Tsarskoe Selo, meets the Empress in the garden and asks Grinev for mercy, explaining that he came to Pugachev because of her. At the audience, the empress promises to arrange the fate of Masha and forgive Grinev. Grinev is released from custody. He was present at the execution of Pugachev, who recognized him in the crowd and nodded his head, which a minute later, dead and bloodied, was shown to the people.

Variant of the summary of the story "The Captain's Daughter"2

The novel is based on the memoirs of the fifty-year-old nobleman Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, written by him during the reign of Emperor Alexander and dedicated to the “Pugachevshchina”, in which the seventeen-year-old officer Pyotr Grinev, due to a “strange chain of circumstances”, took an involuntary part.
Pyotr Andreevich recalls with slight irony his childhood, the childhood of a noble undergrowth. His father Andrey Petrovich Grinev, in his youth, “served under Count Munnich and retired as prime minister in 17…. Since then, he lived in his Simbirsk village, where he married the girl Avdotya Vasilyevna Yu., the daughter of a poor local nobleman. The Grinev family had nine children, but all Petrusha's brothers and sisters "died in infancy." “Mother was still me, a belly,” Grinev recalls, “as I was already enrolled in the Semenovsky regiment as a sergeant.” From the age of five, Petrusha has been looked after by the stirrup Savelich, “for sober behavior” granted to him as uncles. “Under his supervision, in the twelfth year, I learned Russian literacy and could very sensibly judge the properties of a greyhound male.” Then a teacher appeared - the Frenchman Beaupré, who did not understand "the meaning of this word", since he was a hairdresser in his own country, and a soldier in Prussia. Young Grinev and the Frenchman Beaupré quickly got along, and although Beaupré was contractually obliged to teach Petrusha "in French, German and all sciences", he preferred to soon learn from his student "to chat in Russian." Grinev's upbringing ends with the expulsion of Beaupre, convicted of debauchery, drunkenness and neglect of the duties of a teacher. Until the age of sixteen, Grinev lives "undersized, chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with the yard boys." In the seventeenth year, the father decides to send his son to the service, but not to St. Petersburg, but to the army "to smell gunpowder" and "pull the strap." He sends him to Orenburg, instructing him to serve faithfully "to whom you swear", and to remember the proverb: "take care of the dress again, and honor from youth." All the "brilliant hopes" of the young Grinev for a cheerful life in St. Petersburg collapsed, "boredom in the deaf and distant side" awaited ahead. Approaching Orenburg, Grinev and Savelich fell into a snowstorm. A random person who met on the road leads a wagon lost in a snowstorm to the litter. While the wagon was “quietly moving” towards the dwelling, Pyotr Andreevich had a terrible dream in which the fifty-year-old Grinev sees something prophetic, connecting it with the “strange circumstances” of his later life. A man with a black beard lies in the bed of Grinev's father, and mother, calling him Andrei Petrovich and "a planted father," wants Petrusha to "kiss his hand" and ask for blessings. A man swings an ax, the room is filled with dead bodies; Grinev stumbles over them, slips in bloody puddles, but his "terrible man" "calls affectionately", saying: "Do not be afraid, come under my blessing." In gratitude for the rescue, Grinev gives the “counselor”, dressed too lightly, his hare coat and brings a glass of wine, for which he thanks him with a low bow: “Thank you, your honor! God bless you for your goodness." The appearance of the “counselor” seemed “wonderful” to Grinev: “He was about forty, medium height, thin and broad-shouldered. There was gray in his black beard; living large eyes and ran. His face had a rather pleasant, but roguish expression. The Belogorsk fortress, where Grinev was sent to serve from Orenburg, meets the young man not with formidable bastions, towers and ramparts, but turns out to be a village surrounded by a wooden fence. Instead of a brave garrison - disabled people who do not know where the left and where the right side is, instead of deadly artillery - an old cannon clogged with garbage. The commandant of the fortress Ivan Kuzmich Mironov is an officer "from soldiers' children", an uneducated man, but an honest and kind one. His wife, Vasilisa Egorovna, manages him completely and looks at the affairs of the service as if they were her own business. Soon Grinev becomes “native” to the Mironovs, and he himself “invisibly became attached to a good family.” In the daughter of the Mironovs, Masha, Grinev "found a prudent and sensitive girl." The service does not burden Grinev, he became interested in reading books, practicing translations and writing poetry. At first, he becomes close to Lieutenant Shvabrin, the only person in the fortress who is close to Grinev in terms of education, age and occupation. But soon they quarrel - Shvabrin mockingly criticized the love "song" written by Grinev, and also allowed himself dirty hints about the "custom and custom" of Masha Mironova, to whom this song was dedicated. Later, in a conversation with Masha, Grinev will find out the reasons for the stubborn slander with which Shvabrin pursued her: the lieutenant wooed her, but was refused. “I do not like Alexei Ivanovich. He is very disgusting to me, ”admits Masha Grinev. The quarrel is resolved by a duel and wounding Grinev. Masha takes care of the wounded Grinev. Young people confess to each other "in a heartfelt inclination", and Grinev writes a letter to the priest, "asking for parental blessings." But Masha is a dowry. The Mironovs have “only one girl Palashka”, while the Grinevs have three hundred souls of peasants. The father forbids Grinev to marry and promises to transfer him from the Belogorsk fortress "somewhere far away" so that the "nonsense" will pass. After this letter, life became unbearable for Grinev, he falls into gloomy thought, seeks solitude. "I was afraid to either go crazy or fall into debauchery." And only “unexpected incidents,” Grinev writes, “which had an important impact on my whole life, suddenly gave my soul a strong and good shock.” In early October 1773, the commandant of the fortress received a secret message about the Don Cossack Emelyan Pugachev, who, posing as "the late emperor Peter III ”, “gathered a villainous gang, made an uproar in the Yaik villages and already took and ruined several fortresses.” The commandant was asked to "take appropriate measures to repulse the aforementioned villain and impostor." Soon everyone was talking about Pugachev. A Bashkir with "outrageous sheets" was captured in the fortress. But it was not possible to interrogate him - the Bashkir's tongue was torn out. From day to day, the inhabitants of the Belogorsk fortress expect an attack by Pugachev, the Rebels appear unexpectedly - the Mironovs did not even have time to send Masha to Orenburg. At the first attack, the fortress was taken. Residents greet the Pugachevites with bread and salt. The prisoners, among whom was Grinev, are taken to the square to swear allegiance to Pugachev. The first to die on the gallows is the commandant, who refused to swear allegiance to the "thief and impostor." Vasilisa Yegorovna falls dead under the blow of a saber. Death on the gallows awaits Grinev, but Pugachev pardons him. A little later, Grinev learns from Savelich "the reason for mercy" - the ataman of the robbers turned out to be the tramp who received from him, Grinev, a hare sheepskin coat. In the evening, Grinev was invited to the “great sovereign”. “I pardoned you for your virtue,” Pugachev says to Grinev, “Do you promise to serve me with zeal?” But Grinev is a “natural nobleman” and “sweared allegiance to the empress”. He cannot even promise Pugachev not to serve against him. “My head is in your power,” he says to Pugachev, “let me go - thank you, execute me - God will judge you.” Grinev's sincerity amazes Pugachev, and he releases the officer "on all four sides." Grinev decides to go to Orenburg for help - after all, Masha remained in the fortress in a strong fever, whom the priest passed off as her niece. He is especially worried that Shvabrin, who swore allegiance to Pugachev, was appointed commandant of the fortress. But in Orenburg, Grinev was denied help, and a few days later the rebel troops surrounded the city. Long days of siege dragged on. Soon, by chance, a letter from Masha falls into Grinev's hands, from which he learns that Shvabrin is forcing her to marry him, threatening otherwise to extradite her to the Pugachevites. Again, Grinev turns to the military commandant for help, and is again refused. Grinev and Savelich leave for the Belogorsk fortress, but they are captured by the rebels near Berdskaya Sloboda. And again, providence brings Grinev and Pugachev together, giving the officer a chance to fulfill his intention: having learned from Grinev the essence of the matter on which he is going to the Belogorsk fortress, Pugachev himself decides to free the orphan and punish the offender. On the way to the fortress, a confidential conversation takes place between Pugachev and Grinev. Pugachev is clearly aware of his doom, expecting betrayal, first of all, on the part of his comrades, he knows that he can’t wait for the “mercy of the empress”. For Pugachev, as for an eagle from a Kalmyk fairy tale, which he tells Grinev with “wild inspiration”, “than eating carrion for three hundred years, it is better to drink living blood once; and then what God will give!”. Grinev draws a different moral conclusion from the tale, which surprises Pugacheva: “To live by murder and robbery means for me to peck at carrion.” In the Belogorsk fortress, Grinev, with the help of Pugachev, frees Masha. And although the enraged Shvabrin reveals the deceit to Pugachev, he is full of generosity: “Execute, execute like this, favor, favor like that: such is my custom.” Grinev and Pugachev part "friendly". Grinev sends Masha as a bride to his parents, and he remains in the army out of "duty of honor". The war "with robbers and savages" is "boring and petty." Grinev's observations are filled with bitterness: "God forbid to see a Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless." The end of the military campaign coincides with the arrest of Grinev. Appearing before the court, he is calm in his confidence that he can be justified, but Shvabrin slanders him, exposing Grinev as a spy sent from Pugachev to Orenburg. Grinev is convicted, shame awaits him, exile to Siberia for an eternal settlement. Grinev is saved from shame and exile by Masha, who goes to the queen to "beg for mercy." Walking through the garden of Tsarskoye Selo, Masha met a middle-aged lady. In this lady, everything "involuntarily attracted the heart and inspired confidence." Having learned who Masha was, she offered her help, and Masha sincerely told the lady the whole story. The lady turned out to be the empress, who pardoned Grinev in the same way that Pugachev had pardoned both Masha and Grinev in his time.

The basis of the novel by Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", conceived in 1833, was based on materials about the Pugachev rebellion. And this is quite justified, because the author then worked on the historical essay "The History of Pugachev". Alexander Sergeevich managed to collect unique material about these events thanks to a trip to the Urals, where he had the opportunity to communicate with living Pugachevites and record their stories.

As at that time, almost two hundred years ago, so now this work will be interesting to the reader.

The main characters of the novel:

Petr Andreevich Grinev

Petr Andreevich Grinev- A sixteen-year-old boy, the son of retired Prime Major Grinev, whom his father sent to military service in the Orenburg fortress. By the will of fate, he ended up in the Belgorod fortress, where he fell in love with the daughter of Captain Ivan Kuzmich Mironov, Maria Ivanovna. Pyotr Andreevich is a decent man, who does not tolerate meanness and betrayal, selfless, striving at all costs to protect his bride at a time when she falls into the hands of the traitor Shvabrin, an evil and terrible man. To do this, he risks his life and contacts the rebel Emelyan Pugachev, although he does not even allow the thought of betrayal and that, like Shvabrin, go over to the side of the enemy and swear allegiance to the impostor. A distinctive feature of Grinev is the ability to be grateful for kindness. At the moment of obvious danger threatening from Pugachev, he shows wisdom and disposes the robber to himself.

Emelyan Pugachev

Emelyan Pugachev - the controversial image of the chieftain of a gang of robbers who rebelled against the nobles, will not leave indifferent any of the readers. It is known from history that this real person, Don Cossack, leader of the peasant war, the most famous of the impostors posing as Peter III. During Grinev's first meeting with Pugachev, he sees that the appearance of the rebel is not remarkable: a forty-year-old man, broad-shouldered, thin, shifty eyes, and a pleasant, albeit roguish expression.

Cruel and harsh, without mercy cracking down on generals and those who do not want to swear allegiance to him, Pugachev, however, during the third meeting with Grinev, reveals himself as a person who wants to give mercy to whomever he wants (of course, it is clear that he played the sovereign ). Emelyan is even dependent on the opinion of his entourage, although, contrary to the advice of those close to him, he does not want to execute Peter and acts for his own reasons. He understands that his game is dangerous, but it is too late to repent. After the rebel was caught, he was subjected to a well-deserved death penalty.

Maria Ivanovna Mironova

Maria Ivanovna Mironova is the daughter of the captain of the Belogorod fortress, Ivan Kuzmich Mironov, a kind, pretty, meek and modest girl, capable of loving passionately. Her image is the personification of high morality and purity. Thanks to the dedication of Masha, who wished at all costs to save her beloved from lifelong shame due to imaginary betrayal, her beloved Peter returned home completely justified. And this is not surprising, because kind girl sincerely told Catherine II the real truth.

Alexey Shvabrin

Alexey Shvabrin is the exact opposite of Pyotr Grinev in actions and character. A crafty, mocking and evil person, able to adapt to circumstances, he achieves his goal through deceit and slander. A blow in the back during a duel with Grinev, going over to the side of the rebel Pugachev after the capture of the Belogorod fortress, mockery of the poor orphan Masha, who would never want to become his wife, reveal the true face of Shvabrin - a very low and mean person.

Minor Heroes

Andrey Petrovich Grinev- Peter's father. Strict with his son. Not wanting to look for easy ways for him, at the age of sixteen he sends the young man to serve in the army, and by the will of fate he ends up in the Belogorodsk fortress.

Ivan Kuzmich Mironov- the captain of the Belogorodskaya fortress, where the events of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter" unfold. Kind, honest and faithful, devoted to the Fatherland, who wished to die rather than break the oath.

Vasilisa Egorovna- the wife of Captain Mironov, kind and economic, who was always aware of all the events in the fortress. She died from the saber of a young Cossack on the threshold of her house.

Savelich- Grinev's serf, assigned to Petrusha from childhood, a devoted servant, an honest and decent person, always ready to help and protect the young man in everything. Thanks to Savelich, who stood up for the young master in time, Pugachev did not execute Peter.

Ivan Ivanovich Zuev- the captain who beat Petrusha in Simbirsk and demanded a debt of one hundred rubles. Having met Pyotr Andreevich for the second time, he persuaded the officer to serve in his detachment.

Palashka- Fortress of the Mironovs. The girl is smart and brave. Fearlessly seeks to help his mistress, Maria Ivanovna.

Chapter first. Sergeant of the Guard

In the first chapter, Petr Grinev talks about his childhood. His father, Andrei Petrovich Grinev, was a prime minister, and since he retired, he settled in a Siberian village and married Avdotya Vasilievna Yu, the daughter of a poor nobleman, who gave birth to nine children. Many of them did not survive, and Peter himself, from the womb of his mother, was "enrolled in the Semenovsky regiment as a sergeant, by the grace of the major of the guard, Prince B ...".

Grinev's childhood was at first unremarkable: until the age of twelve, Petya was under the supervision of Savelich, having learned Russian literacy; then the father hired the French hairdresser Beaupre for the boy, but the lessons with him did not last long. For drunkenness and obscene behavior, the father kicked out the Frenchman, and since then the child has been partially left to himself. However, from the age of sixteen, the fate of Peter Grinev changed dramatically.

“It’s time for him to serve,” my father once said. And then, having written a letter to Andrei Karlovich R., his old comrade and having collected his son, he sent him to Orenburg (instead of St. Petersburg, where the young man was supposed to go to serve in the guard). Petya did not like this abrupt change of circumstances, but there was nothing to be done: he had to put up with it. The servant Savelich was ordered to look after him. On the way, stopping at a tavern where there was a billiard room, Peter met Ivan Ivanovich Zurin, the captain of the hussar regiment. At first, it would seem that their friendship began to grow stronger, but out of inexperience, the young man succumbed to the persuasion of a new acquaintance and lost a whole hundred rubles to him, and besides, he also drank a lot of punch, which greatly upset the servant. The money had to be given away, much to Savelich's displeasure.

Chapter two. counselor

Peter felt guilty and was looking for an opportunity to make peace with Savelich. After talking with the servant and relieving his soul, the young man promised to continue to behave smarter, but still it was a pity for the money thrown to the wind.

A blizzard was approaching, as foreshadowed by a small cloud. The coachman offered to turn back to avoid severe bad weather, but Peter did not agree and ordered to go faster. As a result of such carelessness on the part of young man it appeared that a blizzard had overtaken them. Suddenly, in the distance, the travelers saw a man, and, having caught up with him, asked how to get on the road. Sitting in the wagon, the traveler began to assure that the village was not far away, because there was a breeze of smoke. Heeding the advice of the stranger, the coachman, Savelich and Pyotr went to the place where he spoke. Grinev dozed off and suddenly had an unusual dream, which he later considered prophetic.

Peter dreamed that he returned to his estate, and a sad mother reported about his father's serious illness. She brought her son to the sick bed so that dad would bless him before his death, but instead of him the young man saw a man with a black beard. “This is your imprisoned father; kiss his hand and let him bless you ... ”mother insisted, but since Peter would not agree to anything, the black-bearded man suddenly jumped up and began swinging his ax right and left.

Many people died, dead bodies lay everywhere, and the terrible man kept calling the young man to come under his blessing. Peter was very frightened, but suddenly he heard the voice of Savelitch: “We have arrived!” They ended up in an inn, and entered a clean, bright room. While the owner was fussing about tea, the future soldier asked where their leader was. "Here," a voice suddenly answered from the board. But when the owner started an allegorical conversation with him (as it turned out, telling jokes about the affairs of the Yaik army), Peter listened to him with interest. Finally, everyone fell asleep.

The next morning, the storm subsided, and the travelers again began to gather on the road. The young man wished to thank the counselor by presenting him with a hare coat, but Savelich objected. However, Peter showed perseverance, and the tramp soon became the happy owner of a good, warm thing from the master's shoulder.

Arriving in Orenburg, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev appeared before the general, who knew his father well and therefore treated the young man favorably. Having decided that there was nothing for him to do in Orenburg, he decided to transfer him as an officer to the *** regiment, and send him to the Belogorod fortress, to Captain Mironov, an honest and good man. This upset the young soldier, because he went to study discipline in an even greater wilderness.

We bring to your attention “Analysis of the “Little Tragedies of Alexander Pushkin”, which describes strong and outstanding personalities, inside each of which a conflict is ripening, which inevitably leads to tragic consequences.

Chapter three. Fortress

Belogorsk fortress, located forty miles from Orenburg, contrary to Peter's expectations, was an ordinary village. The commandant's office turned out to be wooden house. The young man went into the hallway, then into the house, and saw an old woman in a headscarf sitting by the window. She called herself the hostess. Having learned the reason for which Peter appeared to them, the grandmother consoled him: “And you, father, do not be sad that you were put in our backwoods ... Endure - fall in love ...”

So it began for a sixteen year old boy new life. The next morning he met Shvabrin, a young man exiled to the Belogorsk fortress for a duel. He was smart and far from stupid.

When Vasilisa Yegorovna invited Pyotr Andreevich to dinner, the new comrade followed him. During the meal, the conversation flowed peacefully, the hostess asked a lot of questions. We touched on different topics. It turned out that Masha, the captain's daughter, is very timid, unlike her brave mother. Grinev had conflicting feelings about her, because at first Shvabrin described the girl as stupid.

Chapter Four. Duel

Days passed, and the new life in the Belogorod fortress seemed to Peter to some extent even pleasant. He dined every time with the commandant, got to know Maria Ivanovna better, but Shvabrin's caustic remarks about this or that person ceased to be perceived with the same cheerfulness.

Once Pyotr Andreevich shared with his friend his new poem about Masha (in the fortress he sometimes worked on creativity), but unexpectedly he heard a lot of criticism. Shvabrin literally ridiculed every line written by Grinev, and it is not surprising that a serious quarrel arose between them, threatening to turn into a duel. The desire for a duel nevertheless established itself in the hearts of former comrades, but, fortunately, Ivan Ignatievich prevented the implementation of a dangerous plan, arriving in time to the place of the appointed duel.

However, the first attempt was followed by another, especially since Grinev already knew the reason why Shvabrin treats Masha so badly: it turns out that last year he wooed her, but the girl refused. Fueled by a feeling of extreme dislike for Alexei Ivanovich, Peter agreed to a duel. This time it ended worse: Grinev was wounded in the back.

We bring to your attention the poem by A.S. Pushkin's "The Bronze Horseman", which combines the story of the fate of an ordinary resident of St. Petersburg, who suffered during the flood, Eugene and historical and philosophical reflections on the state ...

Chapter five. Love

For five days the young man lay unconscious, and when he woke up, he saw in front of him an alarmed Savelich and Maria Ivanovna. Suddenly, Grinev's love for the girl so gripped that he felt extraordinary joy, all the more convinced that Masha had reciprocal feelings. Young people dreamed of linking their destinies, but Peter was afraid not to receive his father's blessing, although he tried to write him a convincing letter.

Youth took its toll, and Peter began to recover quickly. A positive role was played by the joyful mood that the hero of the novel now experienced every day. Being not vindictive by nature, he made peace with Shvabrin.

But suddenly happiness was overshadowed by news from the father, who not only did not agree to the marriage, but scolded his son for his imprudent behavior and threatened to petition to be transferred away from the Belogorodskaya fortress.

In addition, the mother, having learned about the injury of her only son, took to her bed, which upset Peter even more. But who denounced him? How did father find out about the duel with Shvabrin? These thoughts haunted Grinev, and he began to blame Savelich for everything, but he, in his defense, showed a letter in which Peter's father poured rude expressions at him for concealing the truth.

Maria Ivanovna, having learned about her father's categorical unwillingness to bless them, resigned herself to fate, but began to shun Grinev. And he finally lost heart: he stopped going to the commandant, sat out in the house, even lost his desire to read and all kinds of conversations. But then new events took place that influenced the whole future life of Pyotr Andreevich.

Chapter six. Pugachevshchina

In this chapter, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev describes the situation in the Orenburg province at the end of 1773. At that turbulent time, indignations broke out in different places, and the government took strict measures to suppress the riots from the wild peoples who inhabited the province. Trouble also reached the Belogorodskaya fortress. On that day, all the officers were urgently summoned to the commandant, who told them important news about the threat of an attack on the fortress by the rebel Yemelyan Pugachev and his gang. Ivan Kuzmich sent his wife and daughter in advance to visit the priest, and during a secret conversation he closed the maid Palashka in a closet. When Vasilisa Yegorovna returned, at first she could not ask her husband what really happened. However, when she saw how Ivan Ignatievich was preparing a cannon for battle, she guessed that someone might attack the fortress and tricked him out of information about Pugachev.

Then harbingers of trouble began to appear: a Bashkir, captured with outrageous letters, who at first they wanted to flog to get information, but, as it turned out later, not only his ears and nose, but also his tongue were cut off; An alarming message from Vasilisa Egorovna that the Lower Lake Fortress was taken, the commandant and all the officers were hanged, and the soldiers were captured.

Peter was very worried about Maria Ivanovna and her mother, who were in danger, and therefore offered to hide them for a while in the Orenburg fortress, but Vasilisa Yegorovna was categorically against leaving home. Masha, whose heart was languishing from the sudden parting with her beloved, was hastily collected on the road. The girl, sobbing, said goodbye to Peter.

Chapter seven. Attack

Unfortunately, the alarming forecasts came true - and now Pugachev and his gang set about the fortress. All roads to Orenburg were cut off, so Masha did not have time to evacuate. Ivan Kuzmich, anticipating his imminent death, blessed his daughter and said goodbye to his wife. Ferocious rebels rushed into the fortress and captured the officers and commandant. Ivan Kuzmich, as well as Lieutenant Ivan Ignatievich, who did not want to swear allegiance to Pugachev, who pretended to be the sovereign, were hanged on the gallows, but Grinev escaped death thanks to the kind and faithful Savelich. The old man begged the "father" for mercy, offering to hang him, but let the master's child go. Peter was released. Ordinary soldiers swore allegiance to Pugachev. Vasilisa Yegorovna, who was dragged naked from the commandant's house, began to cry for her husband, cursing the runaway convict - and died from the saber of a young Cossack.

Chapter eight. Uninvited guest

Alarmed by the uncertainty about the fate of Masha, Pyotr Andreevich entered the commandant's ruined house, but saw only a frightened Broadsword, who said that Maria Ivanovna was hidden at the priest, Akulina Pamfilovna.

This news excited Grinev even more, because Pugachev was there. He rushed headlong to the priest's house and, entering the hall, saw the feasting Pugachevites. Quietly asking Broadsha to call Akulina Pamfilovna, he asked the priest about Masha's condition.

Lying, my dear, on my bed ... - she answered and said that Pugachev, when he heard Masha's moan, began to wonder who was behind the partition. Akulina Pamfilovna had to come up with a story on the go about her niece, who has been sick for the second week. Pugachev wished to look at her, no persuasion helped. But, fortunately, everything worked out. Even Shvabrin, who went over to the side of the rebels and now feasted with Pugachev, did not betray Maria.

A little reassured, Grinev came home, and there Savelyich surprised him by saying that Pugachev was none other than a tramp they met on the way to Orenburg, to whom Pyotr Andreevich gave a rabbit sheepskin coat.

Suddenly, one of the Cossacks came running and said that the ataman was demanding Grinev to come to him. I had to obey, and Peter went to the commandant's house, where Pugachev was. The conversation with the impostor evoked conflicting feelings in the soul of the young man: on the one hand, he understood that he would never swear allegiance to the newly-minted ataman, on the other hand, he could not put himself at risk of death, calling him a deceiver in his eyes. Meanwhile, Emelyan was waiting for an answer. "Listen; I’ll tell you the whole truth,” the young officer spoke up. - Judge, can I recognize you as a sovereign? You are a smart man: you yourself would see that I am deceitful.

Who am I, according to you?
- God knows you; but whoever you are, you are playing a dangerous joke…”

In the end, Pugachev gave in to Peter's request and agreed to let him go.

Chapter nine. Parting

Pugachev generously let Grinev go to Orenburg, ordering him to report that he would be there in a week, and appointed Shvabrin as the new commander. Suddenly, Savelich handed the ataman a piece of paper and asked him to read what was written there. It turns out that it was about the property of the commandant's house plundered by the Cossacks and about compensation for damage, which angered Pugachev. However, this time he also pardoned Savelich. And Grinev, before leaving, decided to visit Maria again and, entering the priest's house, he saw that the girl was unconscious, suffering from a severe fever. Anxious thoughts haunted Peter: how to leave a defenseless orphan in the midst of evil rebels. It was especially depressing that Shvabrin, who could harm Masha, became the new commander of the impostors. With pain in his heart, tormented by strong feelings, the young man said goodbye to the one whom he already considered his wife in his soul.

On the way to Orenburg, a traitor-sergeant overtook them with Savelyich, saying that "the father favors a horse and a fur coat from his shoulder," and even half of the money (which he lost along the way). And although the sheepskin coat was not worth even half of what was plundered by the villains, Peter nevertheless accepted such a gift.

Chapter ten. City siege

So, Grinev and Savelich arrived in Orenburg. The sergeant, having learned that those who had arrived were from the Belogorodsk fortress, led them to the general's house, who turned out to be a good-natured old man. From a conversation with Peter, he learned about the terrible death of Captain Mironov, about the death of Vasilisa Yegorovna and that Masha remained at the priest's side.

A few hours later, a military council began, at which Grinev was present. When they began to discuss how to act against criminals - defensively or offensively, only Peter alone expressed a firm opinion that it was necessary to decisively resist the villains. The rest leaned toward a defensive position.

The siege of the city began, as a result of which famine and misfortune raged. Grinev was worried about the unknown about the fate of his beloved girl. And once again, having left for the enemy camp, unexpectedly, Peter ran into constable Maksimych, who handed him a letter from Maria Ivanovna. The news, where the poor orphan asked to be protected from Shvabrin, who forcibly forced her to marry him, infuriated Peter. Recklessly, he rushed to the general's house, asking for soldiers to quickly clear the Belogorodskaya fortress, but not finding support, he decided to act on his own.

Chapter Eleven. rebellious settlement

Peter and Savelyich rush to the Belogorod fortress, but on the way they are surrounded by rebels and led to their ataman. Pugachev is again supportive of Grinev. After listening to the request of Pyotr Andreevich to free Masha from the hands of Shvabrin, he decides to go to the fortress. On the way they are talking. Grinev persuades Pugachev to surrender to the mercy of the Empress, but he objects: it is too late to repent ...

Chapter twelve. Orphan

Contrary to Shvabrin's assurances that Maria Ivanovna was ill, Pugachev ordered him to be taken to her room. The girl was in a terrible state: she was sitting on the floor, in a torn dress, with disheveled hair, pale, thin. Nearby stood a jug of water and lay a slice of bread. Emelyan became indignant at Shvabrin for having deceived him by calling Masha his wife, and then the traitor gave out a secret: the girl was not the priest's niece, but the daughter of the deceased Mironov. This angered Pugachev, but not for long. Grinev managed to justify himself here too, because, having learned the truth, the people of the impostor would have killed the defenseless orphan. In the end, to Peter's great joy, Yemelyan allowed him to take the bride. We decided to go to the village to our parents, because it was impossible to stay here or go to Orenburg.

Chapter thirteen. Arrest

In anticipation of a long happiness, Pyotr Andreevich set off on the road with his beloved. Suddenly, with terrible abuse, a crowd of hussars surrounded them, confusing them with Pugachev's traitors. The travelers were arrested. Having learned about the imminent danger of the prison, where the major ordered to put him, and personally bring the girl to him, Grinev rushed to the porch of the hut and boldly entered the room, where, to his surprise, he saw Ivan Ivanovich Zuev. When the situation cleared up, and everyone realized that Maria was not Pugachev’s gossip at all, but the daughter of the late Mironov, Zuev came out and apologized to her.

After some persuasion from Ivan Ivanovich, Grinev decided to remain in his detachment, and send Maria and Savelich to his parents in the village, handing over transmittal letter.

So Pyotr Andreevich began to serve in the Zuev detachment. The centers of the uprising that broke out in places were soon suppressed, but Pugachev was not immediately caught. More time passed before the impostor was neutralized. The war ended, but, alas, Grinev's dreams of seeing his family did not come true. Suddenly like thunder clear sky received a secret order to arrest him.

Chapter fourteen. Court

Although Grinev, who, according to Shvabrin’s denunciation, was considered a traitor, could easily justify himself before the commission, he did not want to involve Maria Ivanovna in this situation, and therefore kept silent about the true reason for the sudden departure from the Orenburg fortress and meeting with Pugachev.

Maria, meanwhile, was cordially received by Peter's parents and sincerely explained why their son was arrested, refuting any thought of treason. However, a few weeks later the priest received a letter saying that Pyotr Grinev had been sentenced to exile and would be sent to an eternal settlement. This news came as a big blow to the family. And then Maria decided to go to St. Petersburg and personally explain the situation, meeting with the empress, Catherine II. Fortunately, the girl's plan was a success, and providence contributed to this. On an autumn morning, already in Petersburg, she got into a conversation with a lady of about forty and told her about the reason for her arrival, not even suspecting that the empress herself was in front of her. Sincere words in defense of the one who risked his life for the sake of his beloved touched the empress, and she, convinced of Grinev's innocence, gave the order to release him. The happy lovers soon reunited their destinies. Pugachev was overtaken by a well-deserved execution. Standing on the chopping block, he nodded his head to Pyotr Grinev. A minute later, she flew off his shoulders.

"The Captain's Daughter" - a novel by A. S. Pushkin

There are times when you need to quickly familiarize yourself with a book, but there is no time to read. For such cases, there is a brief retelling (brief). "The Captain's Daughter" is a story from school curriculum, which, of course, deserves attention, at least in a brief retelling.

The main characters of The Captain's Daughter

Before you get acquainted with the story "The Captain's Daughter" in abbreviation, you need to get acquainted with the main characters.

The Captain's Daughter tells about several months in the life of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, a hereditary nobleman. He is doing military service in the Belogorod fortress during the peasant unrest led by Emelyan Pugachev. Pyotr Grinev himself tells this story with the help of entries in his diary.

Main characters

Minor characters

Chapter I

Even before birth, Pyotr Grinev's father enlisted in the ranks of sergeants of the Semyonovsky regiment, since he himself was a retired officer.

At the age of five, he assigned his son a personal servant named Arkhip Savelich. His task was to bring him up to be a real gentleman. Arkhip Savelyich taught little Peter a lot, for example, to understand the breeds of hunting dogs, Russian literacy and much more.

Four years later, the father sends sixteen-year-old Peter to serve his good friend in Orenburg. Servant Savelich rides with Peter. In Simbirsk, Grinev meets a man named Zurin. He teaches Peter how to play billiards. Having drunk, Grinev loses one hundred rubles to the military man.

Chapter II

Grinev and Savelich got lost on the way to their duty station, but a passer-by showed them the way to the inn. There Peter examines the guide- He looks about forty years old, he has a black beard, a strong physique, and in general he looks like a robber. Having entered into a conversation with the owner of the inn, they discussed something on foreign language.

The escort is practically undressed, and therefore Grinev decides to give him a rabbit sheepskin coat. The sheepskin coat was so small for him that it literally burst at the seams, but despite this, he was glad of the gift and promised never to forget this good deed. A day later, young Peter, having arrived in Orenburg, introduces himself to the general, who sends him to the Belgorod fortress to serve under Captain Mironov. Not without the help of Father Peter, of course.

Chapter III

Grinev arrives at the Belgorod fortress, which is a village surrounded by a high wall and one cannon. Captain Mironov, under whose leadership Peter came to serve, was a gray-haired old man, and two officers and about a hundred soldiers serve under him. One of the officers is the one-eyed old lieutenant Ivan Ignatich, the second is called Alexei Shvabrin - he was exiled to this place as punishment for the duel.

With Aleksey Shvabrin, the newly arrived Peter met the same evening. Shvabrin told about each of the captain's family: his wife Vasilisa Yegorovna and their daughter Masha. Vasilisa commands both her husband and the entire garrison. And daughter Masha is a very cowardly girl. Later, Grinev himself gets acquainted with Vasilisa and Masha, and also with constable Maksimych . He is very scared of that the upcoming service will be boring and therefore very long.

Chapter IV

Grinev liked the fortress, despite Maksimych's worries. The soldiers here are treated without much strictness, despite the fact that the captain at least occasionally arranges exercises, but they still cannot distinguish “left” and “right”. In the house of Captain Mironov, Pyotr Grinev becomes almost a member of the family, and also falls in love with his daughter Masha.

In one of the outbursts of feelings, Grinev devotes poetry to Masha and reads them to the only one in the castle who understands poetry - Shvabrin. Shvabrin, in a very rude manner, makes fun of his feelings and says that the earrings are it's over useful gift . Grinev is offended by this too harsh criticism in his direction, and he calls him a liar in response, and Alexei, emotionally challenging him to a duel.

An excited Peter wants to call Ivan Ignatich as a second, but the old man believes that such a showdown is too much. After dinner, Peter tells Shvabrin that Ivan Ignatich did not agree to be a second. Shvabrin proposes to hold a duel without seconds.

Having met in the early morning, they did not have time to find out the relationship in a duel, because they were immediately tied up and taken under arrest by soldiers under the command of a lieutenant. Vasilisa Yegorovna forces them to pretend that they have reconciled, and after that they are released from custody. From Masha, Peter learns that the whole point is that Alexei had already received a refusal from her, which is why he behaved so aggressively.

This did not cool their ardor, and they meet the next day by the river to bring the matter to an end. Peter had already almost defeated the officer in a fair fight, but was distracted by the call. It was Savelich. Turning to a familiar voice, Grinev is wounded in the chest area.

Chapter V

The wound turned out to be so serious that Peter woke up only on the fourth day. Shvabrin decides to make peace with Peter, they apologize to each other. Taking advantage of the moment that Masha is caring for the sick Peter, he confesses his love to her and receives reciprocity in return.

In love and inspired Grinev writes a letter home asking for blessings for the wedding. In response, a strict letter comes with a refusal and the sad news of the death of his mother. Peter thinks that his mother died when she found out about the duel, and suspects Savelich of the denunciation.

The offended servant shows Peter the proof: a letter from his father, where he scolds and scolds him because he did not tell about the injury. After a while, suspicions bring Peter to the conclusion that Shvabrin did this in order to interfere with his happiness and Masha and disrupt the wedding. Upon learning that her parents do not give blessings, Maria refuses to marry.

Chapter VI

In October 1773 very quickly rumor is spreading about the Pugachev rebellion, despite the fact that Mironov tried to keep it a secret. The captain decides to send Maksimych to reconnaissance. Maksimych returns two days later and reports that among the Cossacks an unrest of great strength is rising.

At the same time, Maksimych was informed that he went over to the side of Pugachev and incited the Cossacks to revolt. Maksimych is arrested, and in his place they put the person who denounced him - the baptized Kalmyk Yulai.

Further events pass very quickly: constable Maksimych escapes from custody, one of Pugachev's people is taken prisoner, but he cannot be asked about anything, because he does not have a language. The neighboring fortress is captured, and very soon the rebels will be under the walls of this fortress. Vasilisa and her daughter go to Orenburg.

Chapter VII

The next morning, a bunch of fresh news reaches Grinev: the Cossacks left the fortress, capturing Yulai; Masha did not have time to reach Orenburg and the road was blocked. By order of the captain, the rioters' sentinels are shot from a cannon.

Soon the main army of Pugachev appears, led by Emelyan himself, smartly dressed in a red caftan and riding a white horse. Four traitorous Cossacks offer to surrender, recognizing Pugachev as ruler. They throw Yulai's head over the fence, which falls at Mironov's feet. Mironov gives the order to shoot, and one of the negotiators is killed, the rest manage to escape.

The fortress begins to be stormed, and Mironov says goodbye to his family and gives his blessing to Masha. Vasilisa leads her terrified daughter away. The commandant fires one cannon, gives the order to open the gate, and then rushes into battle.

The soldiers are in no hurry to run after the commander, and the attackers manage to break into the fortress. Grinev is taken prisoner. A large gallows is being built on the square. A crowd gathers around, many greet the rioters with joy. The impostor, sitting on an armchair in the commandant's house, takes oaths from the prisoners. Ignatich and Mironov are hanged for refusing to take the oath.

The queue reaches Grinev, and he notices among the rebels Shvabrin. When Peter is escorted to the gallows to be executed, Savelich unexpectedly falls at Pugachev's feet. Somehow he manages to beg pardon for Grinev. When Vasilisa was taken out of the house, she, seeing her dead husband, emotionally calls Pugachev - "a runaway convict." She is immediately killed for it.

Chapter VIII

Peter began to look for Masha. The news was disappointing - she lies unconscious with the priest's wife, who tells everyone that this is her seriously ill relative. Peter returns to the old ransacked apartment and learns from Savelich how he managed to persuade Pugachev to let Peter go.

Pugachev is the same passer-by whom they met when they got lost and presented a rabbit coat. Pugachev invites Peter to the commandant's house, and he eats there with the rebels at the same table.

During dinner, he manages to overhear how the military council is making plans to go to Orenburg. After dinner, Grinev and Pugachev have a conversation where Pugachev again demands to take the oath. Peter again refuses him, arguing that he is an officer and the orders of his commanders are the law for him. Such honesty is to the liking of Pugachev, and he again releases Peter.

Chapter IX

On the morning before Pugachev's departure, Savelyich comes up to him and brings the things that were taken from Grinev during his capture. At the very end of the list is a hare sheepskin coat. Pugachev gets angry and throws out a sheet of paper with this list. Leaving, he leaves Shvabrin as commandant.

Grinev rushes to the priest's wife to find out how Masha's health is, but very disappointing news awaits him - she is delirious and in a fever. He can't take her away, but he can't stay either. So he has to leave her temporarily.

Worried, Grinev and Savelich walk at a slow pace to Orenburg. Suddenly, unexpectedly, they are overtaken by the former constable Maksimych, who is riding a Bashkir horse. It turned out that it was Pugachev who said to give the officer a horse and a sheepskin coat. Peter gratefully accepts this gift.

Chapter X

Arriving in Orenburg, Peter reports to the general about everything that was in the fortress. At the council, they decide not to attack, but only to defend themselves. After some time, the siege of Orenburg by Pugachev's army begins. Thanks to a fast horse and luck, Grinev remains safe and sound.

In one of these sorties, he intersects with Maksimych. Maksimych gives him a letter from Masha, which says that Shvabrin kidnapped her and forcibly forces her to marry him. Grinev runs to the general and asks for a company of soldiers to liberate the Belgorod fortress, but the general refuses him.

Chapter XI

Grinev and Savelyich decide to flee from Orenburg and without any problems go towards the Bermuda settlement, which was occupied by Pugachev's people. After waiting for the night, they decide to go around the settlement in the dark, but they are caught by a detachment of sentinels. He miraculously manages to escape, but Savelich, unfortunately, does not.

Therefore, Peter returns for him and is subsequently captured. Pugachev finds out why he fled from Orenburg. Peter informs him about the tricks of Shvabrin. Pugachev begins to get angry and threatens to hang him.

Pugachev's adviser does not believe in Grinev's story, claiming that Peter is a spy. Suddenly, a second adviser named Khlopusha begins to intercede for Peter. They almost start a fight, but the impostor calms them down. Pugachev decides to take the wedding of Peter and Masha into his own hands.

Chapter XII

When Pugachev arrived to the Belgorod fortress, he began to demand to show the girl who was kidnapped by Shvabrin. He brings Pugachev and Grinev to the room where Masha is sitting on the floor.

Pugachev, having decided to look into the situation, asks Masha why her husband is beating her. Masha indignantly exclaims that she will never become his wife. Pugachev is very disappointed in Shvabrin and tells him to let the young couple go immediately.

Chapter XIII

Masha with Peter go on the road. When they enter the town, where there should be a large detachment of Pugachev’s, they see that the town has already been liberated. They want to arrest Grinev, he enters the officer's room and sees his old acquaintance, Zurin, at the head.

He remains in Zurin's detachment, and sends Masha and Savelich to his parents. Soon the siege was lifted from Orenburg, and the news comes of the victory and the end of the war, as the impostor is captured. While Peter was going home, Zurin received an order for his arrest.

Chapter XIV

In the Court, Pyotr Grinev is accused of treason and espionage. Witness - Shvabrin. In order not to involve Masha in this matter, Peter does not justify himself in any way, and they want to hang him. Empress Catherine, taking pity on his elderly father, changes the execution to serving a life sentence in a Siberian settlement. Masha decides that she will wallow at the feet of the empress, begging to have mercy on him.

Having gone to St. Petersburg, she stops at an inn and finds out that the hostess is the niece of the furnace stoker in the palace. She helps Masha to get into the garden of Tsarskoye Selo, where she meets a lady who promises to help her. After a while, a carriage arrives from the palace for Masha. Entering Catherine's chambers, she is surprised to see the woman she was talking to in the garden. She announces to her that Grinev is acquitted.

Afterword

It was a short summary. "The Captain's Daughter" is a rather interesting story from the school curriculum. A summary of the chapters is needed for.

In this article we will describe the work of A.S. A chapter-by-chapter retelling of this short novel, published in 1836, is brought to your attention.

1. Sergeant of the Guard

The first chapter begins with the biography of Petr Andreevich Grinev. The father of this hero served, after which he retired. There were 9 children in the Grinev family, but eight of them died in infancy, and Peter was left alone. His father wrote it down even before his birth, in Pyotr Andreevich, until the age of majority, he was on vacation. Uncle Savelich serves as the boy's tutor. He supervises the development of Russian literacy Petrusha.

After some time, the Frenchman Beaupre was discharged to Peter. He taught him German, French, and various sciences. But Beaupre did not raise the child, but only drank and walked. The boy's father soon discovered this and drove the teacher away. Peter in the 17th year is sent to the service, but not in the place where he hoped to get. He goes to Orenburg instead of Petersburg. This decision determined the further fate of Peter, the hero of the work "The Captain's Daughter".

Chapter 1 describes the parting words of the father to the son. He tells him that it is necessary to preserve honor from a young age. Petya, having arrived in Simbirsk, meets in a tavern with Zurin, a captain who taught him to play billiards, and also got him drunk and won 100 rubles from him. Grinev seemed to break free for the first time. He behaves like a boy. Zurin in the morning demands the required winnings. Pyotr Andreevich, in order to show his character, forces Savelich, who is protesting this, to give money. After that, feeling pangs of conscience, Grinev leaves Simbirsk. So ends in the work "The Captain's Daughter" 1 chapter. Let us describe further events that happened to Pyotr Andreevich.

2. Leader

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin tells us about the further fate of this hero of the work "The Captain's Daughter". Chapter 2 of the novel is called "The Leader". In it, we first meet Pugachev.

On the way, Grinev asks Savelich to forgive him for his stupid behavior. Suddenly, a snowstorm begins on the road, Peter and his servant go astray. They meet a man who offers to take them to the inn. Grinev, riding in a cabin, sees a dream.

Grinev's dream is an important episode of the work "The Captain's Daughter". Chapter 2 describes it in detail. In it, Peter arrives at his estate and discovers that his father is dying. He approaches him to take the last blessing, but instead of his father he sees an unknown man with a black beard. Grinev is surprised, but his mother convinces him that this is his imprisoned father. Brandishing an ax, a black-bearded man jumps up, dead bodies fill the whole room. At the same time, the person smiles at Pyotr Andreevich, and also offers him a blessing.

Grinev, already on the spot, examines his guide and notices that he is the same person from the dream. He is a forty-year-old man of average height, thin and broad-shouldered. Gray hair is already noticeable in his black beard. The man's eyes are alive, they feel the sharpness and subtlety of the mind. The counselor's face has a rather pleasant expression. It is picaresque. His hair is cut in a circle, and this man is dressed in Tatar trousers and an old coat.

The counselor talks with the owner in "allegorical language". Pyotr Andreevich thanks his companion, gives him a hare sheepskin coat, pours a glass of wine.

An old comrade of Grinev's father, Andrei Karlovich R., sends Peter from Orenburg to serve in the Belogorsk fortress, located 40 miles from the city. It is here that the novel "The Captain's Daughter" continues. Chapter by chapter retelling of further events occurring in it, the following.

3. Fortress

This fortress resembles a village. Vasilisa Yegorovna, a reasonable and kind woman, the wife of the commandant, manages everything here. Grinev the next morning meets Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin, a young officer. This man is not tall, remarkably ugly, dark-skinned, very lively. He is one of the main characters in The Captain's Daughter. Chapter 3 is the place in the novel where this character first appears before the reader.

Because of the duel, Shvabrin was transferred to this fortress. He tells Pyotr Andreevich about life here, about the commandant's family, while speaking unflatteringly about his daughter, Masha Mironova. Detailed description you will find this conversation in the work "The Captain's Daughter" (Chapter 3). The commandant invites Grinev and Shvabrin to a family dinner. On the way, Peter sees how the "exercises" are taking place: Mironov Ivan Kuzmich is in charge of the platoon of disabled people. He is wearing a "Chinese robe" and a cap.

4. Duel

Chapter 4 occupies an important place in the composition of the work "The Captain's Daughter". It tells the following.

Grinev likes the commandant's family very much. Pyotr Andreevich becomes an officer. He communicates with Shvabrin, but this communication brings the hero less and less pleasure. Alexei Ivanovich's caustic remarks about Masha especially do not please Grinev. Peter writes mediocre poems and dedicates them to this girl. Shvabrin speaks sharply about them, while insulting Masha. Grinev accuses him of lying, Alexei Ivanovich challenges Peter to a duel. Vasilisa Yegorovna, having learned about this, orders the arrest of the duelists. Palashka, a yard girl, deprives them of their swords. After some time, Pyotr Andreevich becomes aware that Shvabrin was wooing Masha, but was refused by the girl. He understands now why Alexei Ivanovich slandered Masha. A duel is scheduled again, in which Pyotr Andreevich is wounded.

5. Love

Masha and Savelich are taking care of the wounded. Pyotr Grinev proposes to a girl. He sends a letter to his parents asking for blessings. Shvabrin visits Pyotr Andreevich and admits his guilt before him. Grinev's father does not give him a blessing, he already knows about the duel that had taken place, and it was not Savelyich who told him about it at all. Pyotr Andreevich believes that Alexey Ivanovich did it. The captain's daughter does not want to marry without the consent of her parents. Chapter 5 tells of this decision of hers. We will not describe in detail the conversation between Peter and Masha. Let's just say that the captain's daughter decided to avoid Grinev in the future. The chapter-by-chapter retelling continues with the following events. Pyotr Andreevich stops visiting the Mironovs, loses heart.

6. Pugachevshchina

A notification that a band of robbers led by Emelyan Pugachev is operating in the vicinity comes to the commandant. attacks the forts. Pugachev soon reached the Belogorsk fortress. He calls on the commandant to surrender. Ivan Kuzmich decides to send his daughter out of the fortress. The girl says goodbye to Grinev. However, her mother refuses to leave.

7. Seizure

The attack of the fortress continues the work "The Captain's Daughter". The chapter-by-chapter retelling of further events is as follows. At night, the Cossacks leave the fortress. They go over to the side of Emelyan Pugachev. The gang is attacking him. Mironov, with a few defenders, is trying to defend himself, but the forces of the two sides are unequal. The one who captured the fortress arranges the so-called court. Executions on the gallows betray the commandant as well as his comrades. When the turn comes to Grinev, Savelyich begs Emelyan, throwing himself at his feet, to spare Pyotr Andreevich, offering him a ransom. Pugachev agrees. The inhabitants of the city and the soldiers give Emelyan an oath. They kill Vasilisa Yegorovna, taking her undressed, as well as her husband, out onto the porch. Pyotr Andreevich leaves the fortress.

8. Uninvited guest

Grinev is very worried about how the captain's daughter lives in the Belogorsk fortress.

The chapter-by-chapter content of the further events of the novel describes the subsequent fate of this heroine. A girl is hiding near the priest, who tells Pyotr Andreevich that Shvabrin is on the side of Pugachev. Grinev learns from Savelich that Pugachev is their escort on the way to Orenburg. Emelyan calls Grinev to him, he comes. Pyotr Andreevich draws attention to the fact that everyone behaves like comrades with each other in the camp of Pugachev, while not giving preference to the leader.

Everyone boasts, expresses doubts, disputes Pugachev. His people sing a song about the gallows. Emelyan's guests disperse. Grinev tells him in private that he does not consider him a king. He replies that luck will be daring, because once upon a time Grishka Otrepyev also ruled. Emelyan lets Pyotr Andreevich go to Orenburg, despite the fact that he promises to fight against him.

9. Separation

Emelyan instructs Peter to tell the governor of this city that the Pugachevites will soon arrive there. Pugachev leaving Shvabrin as commandant. Savelich writes a list of Pyotr Andreevich's plundered goods and sends it to Emelyan, but he does not punish him in a "fit of generosity" and impudent Savelich. He even favors Grinev with a fur coat from his shoulder, gives him a horse. Masha, meanwhile, is sick in the fortress.

10. The siege of the city

Peter goes to Orenburg, to Andrey Karlovich, the general. Military people are absent from the military council. There are only officials here. It is more prudent, in their opinion, to remain behind a reliable stone wall than to try your luck in an open field. For Pugachev's head, officials propose to set a high price and bribe Yemelyan's people. A constable from the fortress brings Pyotr Andreevich a letter from Masha. She reports that Shvabrin is forcing her to become his wife. Grinev asks the general to help, to provide him with people in order to clear the fortress. However, he refuses.

11. Rebellious settlement

Grinev and Savelich rush to help the girl. Pugachev's people stop them on the way and take them to the leader. He interrogates Pyotr Andreevich about his intentions in the presence of confidants. Pugachev's people are a hunched, frail old man with a blue ribbon worn over his shoulder over a gray coat, as well as a tall, portly and broad-shouldered man of about forty-five. Grinev tells Emelyan that he has come to save an orphan from Shvabrin's claims. The Pugachevites offer both Grinev and Shvabrin to simply solve the problem - to hang them both. However, Pyotr Pugachev is clearly attractive, and he promises to marry him to a girl. Pyotr Andreevich goes to the fortress in the morning in Pugachev's wagon. He tells him in a confidential conversation that he would like to go to Moscow, but his comrades are robbers and thieves who will surrender the leader at the first failure, saving their own neck. Emelyan tells a Kalmyk tale about a raven and an eagle. The raven lived for 300 years, but pecked at the same time carrion. And the eagle preferred to starve, but did not eat the carrion. It is better to drink living blood one day, Emelyan believes.

12. Orphan

Pugachev learns in the fortress that the girl is being bullied by the new commandant. Shvabrin starves her. Emelyan frees Masha and wants to marry her immediately with Grinev. When Shvabrin says that this is Mironov's daughter, Emelyan Pugachev decides to let Grinev and Masha go.

13. Arrest

Soldiers on the way out of the fortress take Grinev under arrest. They take Pyotr Andreevich for a Pugachevite and take him to the chief. It turns out to be Zurin, who advises Pyotr Andreevich to send Savelich and Masha to their parents, and Grinev himself to continue the battle. He follows this advice. Pugachev's army was defeated, but he himself was not caught, he managed to gather new detachments in Siberia. Yemelyan is being pursued. Zurin is ordered to arrest Grinev and send him under guard to Kazan, betraying him to the investigation in the Pugachev case.

14. Judgment

Petr Andreevich is suspected of serving Pugachev. Shvabrin played an important role in this. Peter is sentenced to exile in Siberia. Masha lives with Peter's parents. They became very attached to her. The girl goes to St. Petersburg, to Tsarskoye Selo. Here she meets the Empress in the garden and asks to pardon Peter. Tells about how he got to Pugachev because of her, the captain's daughter. Briefly chapter by chapter, the novel described by us ends as follows. Grinev is released. He is present at Yemelyan's execution, who nods his head, recognizing him.

The genre of historical novel is the work "The Captain's Daughter". The retelling of the chapters does not describe all the events, we have mentioned only the main ones. Pushkin's novel is very interesting. After reading the original work "The Captain's Daughter" chapter by chapter, you will understand the psychology of the characters, as well as learn some of the details that we have omitted.