Do I need to chamfer wooden parts. All about chamfer and bevelers

An easy-to-make device for chamfering wooden blocks and narrow boards, as well as for planing and other types of processing of round or faceted wooden blanks.

When planing wooden blocks and narrow boards, it is almost always necessary to remove small bevels from the ribs in order to dull them to one degree or another. However, for this you have to hold the planer obliquely, approximately at an angle of 45 degrees, which is not always convenient, especially when working with electric planers.

You can get out of this situation if you do special device in the form of a long longitudinal corner, in which the processed bar would be laid and thus the edge from which the chamfer needs to be chamfered would be on top.

In addition, such a device could also be used for planing faceted and round wooden blanks (for example, handles for garden tools: shovels, pitchforks, rakes, etc.), which are very inconvenient to plan on a flat surface.

I thought about making such a device, just when I was planing blanks for the handles of shovels (see my article ""), since with such a device my work would go much easier and faster.

As a result, I decided to make this device, for which I needed the following accessories:

Materials and fasteners:
Two wooden planks 2 cm thick, 4 cm wide and 6 cm wide, and 2 m long.
Wooden plank 2 cm thick, 5 cm wide, and 50 cm long.
Wood screws 4x50 mm.

Tools:
Drawing and measuring tools (pencil, tape measure and square).
Awl.
Electric jigsaw with a file for a figured cut.
Electric drill-driver.
Drill for metal with a diameter of 4 mm.
Spherical cutter for wood.
Screwdriver bit PH2, for driving screws.
Sandpaper.

Operating procedure

First, we mark a bar 6 cm wide, and drill along its entire length, on one side 5 or 6 holes for screws.

FROM opposite side planks, we countersink these holes for the heads of the screws using a spherical cutter for wood.

Then we insert screws into these holes and screw our bar to the end of another bar 4 cm wide.

As a result, we get this wooden corner 2 m long.

After that, using an electric jigsaw, we cut out such a blank from a short bar.

It will serve as a stopper for planed blanks, and at the same time, a support for our device.
We also mark this workpiece and drill three holes for the screws in it.

And then with screws, we fasten this workpiece to the end of our corner fixture.

From the remaining piece of the plank, we cut out two more such blanks with an electric jigsaw.

We will screw them to the back of our device, where they will serve as additional supports.

In the very back of the fixture, we drill two holes for the screws on each side.

We also countersink the upper parts of these holes with a spherical wood cutter in order to drown the screw heads.

Now we screw our blanks with screws.

All elements of the fixture, and especially the ends, are processed with sandpaper.

And now our device is ready!
This is what its back looks like.

And so is the front.

Now on this device it will be possible to process the bars.
Here, for example, I put a blank bar for the shovel handle into this device - rear view.

And this is the front view.

But the bar is not square, but rectangular in cross section. Now it will be quite easy to chamfer with such bars.

But I put in a fixture, a purchased handle for a shovel, round in section.

Such round blanks, now it will also be very convenient to process in this device. Moreover, they can not only be planed, but also carry out other types of processing, for example, drilling holes in them or sawing them.

Well, that's about all! All for now and convenient devices in the work!

Chamfer: what is it and why is it needed?

This is a specially obtained edge on the end surface sheet metal or on the pipe wall, beveled at a certain angle.

Main destination - preparation of rolled metal for further welding work.

Why is chamfering necessary?

The processing of the ends of the sheet or pipe walls is needed for:

• Good penetration and reliable connection of welding seams
• Reduced welding time
• Employee injury prevention sharp corners products
• Simplification of the forthcoming installation of the erected metal structure
• In order not to carry out manual grinding of the edges of the edge of the sheet or pipe

If chamfering is not performed, then in products whose thickness exceeds 5 mm, the welding seam may disperse over time and the structure will lose strength.

Chamfering Angle

Chamfering Angle from the edge of the sheet or pipe is selected based on design features product or welding task. As a rule, the standard chamfer angle for metal sheet profiles is 45°, for pipes - 37.5°.

There are three ways to cut the edge from rolled metal:

• Y-shaped way;
• X-shaped;
• J-shaped (another name is a "glass" chamfer);
• Also, in the technical literature you can find other letter designation: V, K and U-Chamfer.

Peculiarities different types chamfer

• The most common way of bevelling in production is the Y-shaped method and the X-shaped one.
• For a high-precision welding seam (for example, on products of complex design), a chamfer with a curved surface is used.
• J-chamfers are made using special automatic bevelers. This method creates a larger weld pool than other methods.

Other types of edge cutting(butt type of connection with a broken edge) is not used so often in production.

Features of the chamfering process

For cutting edges on metal product using special units bevelers, differing in the method of cutting into three types (air-flame, mechanical and gas-oxygen equipment).

The cutting process is as follows:

1. With the help of clamps, the beveler is attached to the edge of the sheet or inside metal pipe.
2. Next, the required sharpening angle is set.
3. When the machine is turned on, the cutting head is brought to the product and the chamfering process takes place.
4. After the end of the work, the cutter returns to its original position.
5. After cutting the chamfer, the working surface of the product is considered prepared for further welding.

When cutting a chamfer, a welding tank (bath) is formed, where the hot welding composition is collected. The edge with a chamfer has a certain bluntness of about 3-5 mm. When the container is filled with welding compound, the blunt area melts itself. Due to this, the desired tightness of the seam is achieved and additional reliability is created.

Edge cutting methods

Currently, two methods of edge removal are used in production: thermal and mechanical.

Mechanical chamfer is considered the highest quality, since this method is performed on special equipment - beveling machines (edge ​​cutters), milling machines, bevelers and other devices. The advantages of this method are as follows:

• After chamfering, the product retains its structure and does not lose its physical and chemical properties
• The mechanical method provides high tightness and reliability of future welding seams
• Saving time.

thermal method- air-plasma chamfer and gas-flame chamfer. Air-plasma cutting of edges allows you to get appearance chamfer close to the factory (or mechanical chamfer). However, it requires perfect smooth surface sheet or pipes at a certain angle. In many industries, this type of chamfering is the main one because of the economy and high speed product processing. It is carried out on special plasma-cutting equipment.

Gas-plasma chamfer cutting does not require special conditions for implementation and is characterized by low cost. But the cut quality is lower than with mechanical way or air flame. Often such chamfer cutting requires additional machining. This method is used for artisanal processing of used pipes. Using the thermal method of chamfering (gas-plasma and air-plasma chamfering), in a metal product, due to overheating, an area appears with changed physical and chemical properties(thermal influence zone). This negatively affects the tightness and reliability of future welds and the strength of the structure itself.

Mechanical chamfering preserves the properties of the product and does not affect the quality of future welding work. Mechanical chamfering is a kind of guarantor of the quality of processing metal products before welding work. The only "minus" of this method is the high cost of the units and the laboriousness of the work.

You can find out the cost of mechanical bevelers by phone ☎

A chamfer is the surface of a product, which is formed during the processing of a rolled product or pipe by a bevel of the end edge of the material. A chamfer is necessary to prepare the edges of sheets, beams and pipes for welding.

The main types of chamfers are:

1. "Gas". This is the cheapest type of pipe bevel due to its poor quality. However, this type is one of the most common. This chamfer is removed using . Chamfer "Gas" can be performed in the field. Its surface is usually with characteristic grooves, which are formed from a gas jet (propane or acetylene).
2. "Plasma". Outwardly, this type of chamfer is practically no different from the "mechanics". It can also be attributed to the "factory". The "Plasma" chamfer is an air-plasma cutter, a compressor and, forcing the cutter to move strictly in a circle, when a certain chamfer angle is set.
3. "Mechanics". This is a factory chamfer best quality. For cutting the chamfer "mechanics" are used and. In the pipe market, this chamfer is mainly used due to the high quality of the chamfer.

What is the purpose of chamfering? When welding blanks, the metal is melted, which subsequently ensures the connection of the edges with each other. If the thickness of the metal is more than 3-5 mm, obtaining a complete and high-quality connection becomes difficult. To obtain high-quality penetration, this type of processing is carried out: it allows you to create a so-called weld pool, which is filled with a welding compound during the welding process. It is important to remember that an edge prepared for welding is an edge with a chamfer and blunting (see the figure and symbols for it below).

Types of chamfers (methods of cutting edges).

There are three main ways of cutting edges for welding: Y-shaped, X-shaped, and J-shaped. Sometimes in some sources they are denoted by letters: V, K and U, respectively. Hereinafter, the above methods will be denoted by the letters: Y, X. J. Most often, a Y-shaped cutting of the edges is carried out, but there is also an X-shaped method. In special cases, when there is an increased requirement for the quality of the weld, a J-shaped chamfer is used, that is, a chamfer with a curved surface (not to be confused with edge curvature!).

In addition to the main ways of processing Y, X. J edges, there are a number of edge preparations. They are not so rare, and not everywhere you can find their description. For example, GOST 5264-80 describes a butt joint type with a broken edge bevel; symbol- C14.

The diagrams above show some examples of processing methods:

1: an example of a Y-shaped chamfering method;

2, 3, 4: examples of the X-shaped chamfering method;

5: Y-shaped processing of the ends of two pipes with their subsequent connection;

Chamfering methods.

Chamfering can be done in two ways: mechanical and thermal (table 1). Mechanical chamfering is performed using milling, beveling and edge-cutting machines. For thermal chamfering, flame cutting machines (stationary or portable) are used that perform plasma or oxy-fuel cutting. However, the mechanical method is more preferable, since it makes it possible to exclude changes in the physical and chemical properties of the material as a result of overheating. As is known, during heat treatment a so-called heat-affected zone is formed. The heat affected zone is the carburization of the edge due to overheating of the material, which impairs weldability and increases the brittleness and brittleness of the edge. But, despite these shortcomings, the thermal method is quite common because of its simplicity and speed of use, and the relatively low cost of equipment.

Table 1. Advantages and disadvantages of thermal and mechanical methods of chamfering.

Table 1 says that thermal chamfering can be done quickly and cheaply. Of the processing methods described above, mechanical is still preferable, since it allows you to save the metal from overheating and from subsequent changes in physical and chemical properties. In the West, by the way, this method is called cold-cutting (cold working), that is, a type of processing in which there is no thermal effect on the metal, which means there are no changes in chemical and physical properties metal.

Video footage:

1. Pipe cutting by gas cutting machine CG2-11G, simultaneous chamfering of the pipe is carried out by tilting the cutter at the required angle.

2. Chamfering from a 76x6mm pipe with a Mangust-2MT machine

3. Pipe chamfering with a TT series chamfer, and pipe chamfering with a P3-SD split pipe cutter

The SPIKOM group of companies offers to supply equipment for chamfering pipes and metal using all of the above processing methods (gas, plasma, mechanical).

For technological, ergonomic, and more often for aesthetic purposes, a chamfer is used to process the edges of products. Any person in his life has heard this short word more than once, often without knowing its meaning. So, chamfer - what is it and where can you find it? How important is this detail?

Facet - what is it?

First of all, this is the bevel of the edge of the corner of the material. It is used for technological purposes in mechanical engineering and metalworking to improve the quality of the weld. In the same area, you can find the chamfer of the mounting hole, which serves to reduce the likelihood of injury from sharp edges. The same method of preparing holes can be seen in the production of furniture, only in this case it serves to fasten parts flush (when the heads of bolts and screws are not visible).

For aesthetic purposes, a chamfer is also used when laying floors. Thanks to this method of processing the edges, the cracks that form during temperature and humidity changes are not noticeable.

Mounting holes

As mentioned above, the chamfer is used to process mounting holes. It serves, first of all, to reduce the risk of injury from the sharp edges of the hole, but is also used to fasten parts to the tightness. This processing differs only in the angle of the bevel of the material. If the angle is usually chosen at 45 degrees, then the recommended slope of the bevel on the hole and shaft is 10 degrees for the interference fit.

Welds

Experienced specialists will say that a chamfer is necessary when performing. That this will not only ensure the high quality of the connection, but also greatly facilitate their work.

When joining two sheets of steel, a chamfer is used to bypass the limitation on the depth of penetration of the seam. Structurally, this element can be made in two ways: with a straight and curved surface. In this case, the second method is more often used, since such a recess has a larger volume.

wooden floors

When laying floors wooden planks many nuances must be taken into account. This is the quality of the material, and the degree of its drying, and the conditions under which the surface will be used. If the first two questions can be easily determined in advance, then the operating conditions of the floor can not always be predicted reliably. In this case, a chamfer is applied. What it is - explained above. It will not only make the floor look neater and more beautiful, but will also help to avoid visible gaps between the boards, which will inevitably appear over time.

When working with an array of wood, the question may arise: “How to make a chamfer?” Moreover, a woodworking machine is not quite suitable for this. First of all, the material is polished clean (it will be impossible to do this later). For chamfering, use with an edge cutter on a bearing. This allows you to achieve the perfect surface quality even with a slight curvature of the boards.

Laminate

Today, not everyone can afford solid wood floors and parquet board due to high labor costs and loss of time for carrying out repair work. Laminate flooring is becoming increasingly common in apartments. It is not only easy and quick to lay, but also has excellent performance and aesthetic qualities, in many ways not inferior to natural surfaces.

Currently, the market is more likely to buy laminate, on the edge of which there is a chamfer. What is it and how does it affect the final result? First of all, it looks more representative, completely repeating the appearance natural wood. Secondly, this slight nuance masks changes in the gaps between the boards that appear during the operation of the floor.

Many consumers are still skeptical about this flooring. This is argued by the fact that the chamfer in the laminate is unacceptable, which will allow dust and dirt to accumulate in the recesses and penetrate into the seams. It's not like that because modern technologies production of materials make it possible to make the laminate water- and dirt-proof over the entire surface. A well-made lock will prevent the penetration of debris into the seams.

A chamfer is an edge obtained in a special way on the end surface of a metal product or on a pipe wall, beveled at a certain angle.

main destination - preparation of rolled metal for further welding work.

WHY IS IT NECESSARY TO CHAMBER?

Processing the ends of the sheet or pipe walls allows you to:

• Get perfect penetration and reliable connection of welds
• Reduce welding time
• Prevent injuries to employees from sharp corners of the product
• Simplify further installation of the erected metal structure
• Do not carry out manual grinding of the edges of the edge of the sheet or pipe

If chamfering is not performed, then in products whose thickness exceeds 5 mm, the welding seam may disperse over time and the structure will lose strength.

CHAMFERING ANGLE

The angle of chamfering from the edge of a sheet or pipe is selected based on the design features of the product or the welding task. As a rule, the standard chamfer angle for metal sheet profiles is 45°, for pipes - 37.5°.

TYPES OF BEVEL

You can cut off the edge from rolled metal in three ways, namely: in a Y-shaped way, X-shaped and J-shaped (another name is a "glass" chamfer).

Also, in the technical literature you can find another letter designation: V, K and U, respectively. The most common way of bevelling in production is the Y-shaped method and the X-shaped one. When high-precision welding is required (for example, on products of complex design), then a chamfer with a curved surface is used. The chamfering method is J-shaped, performed using special automatic chamfers. This method allows you to create a larger weld pool than other methods.

Other types of edge cutting (butt type of connection with a broken edge) are not used so often in production.

FEATURES OF THE CHAMFERING PROCESS

If it is required to cut the edge on a metal product, then special units are used - bevelers, which differ in the method of cutting into three types (air-flame, mechanical and oxy-fuel equipment).

The cutting process takes place as follows: with the help of clamps, the beveler is attached to the edge of the sheet or the inside of the metal pipe. Next, the required sharpening angle is set. When the machine is turned on, the cutting head is brought to the product and the chamfering process takes place. After the end of the work, the cutter returns to its original position. After cutting the chamfer, the working surface of the product is considered prepared for further welding.

During chamfering, a so-called welding tank (bath) is formed in which the hot welding composition is collected. It should be understood that the chamfered edge has a certain bluntness, which is usually 3-5 mm. At the moment of filling the container with welding composition, the blunting area melts itself. Due to this, the desired tightness of the seam is achieved and additional reliability is created.

EDGE CUTTING METHODS

Currently, two methods of edge removal are used in production: thermal and mechanical.

Mechanical chamfering is considered the highest quality, since this method is performed on special equipment - chamfering machines, milling machines, bevelers and other devices. The advantages of this method are as follows:

• After chamfering, the product retains its structure and does not lose its physical and chemical properties
• The mechanical method provides high tightness and reliability of future welding seams
• Saving time.

Mechanical chamferingis a kind of guarantor of the quality of processing metal products before welding. The only "minus" of this method is the high cost of the units and the laboriousness of the work.

Thermal method - air-plasma chamfer and gas-flame chamfer (using the Orbita unit). Air-plasma cutting of edges allows you to get the appearance of the chamfer close to the factory (or mechanical chamfer). However, it requires a perfectly smooth surface of the sheet or pipes at a certain angle. In many industries, this type of chamfering is the main one because of the economy and high speed of processing products. It is carried out on special plasma-cutting equipment.

Gas-plasma cutting of facets requires special conditions for execution and is therefore characterized by low cost. However, the quality of the resulting cutting is much lower than with a mechanical or air-flame method. In addition, in most cases, such chamfering requires additional machining. Basically, this method is used for artisanal processing of used pipes. In addition, using the thermal method of chamfering (gas-plasma and air-plasma chamfering), an area with changed physical and chemical properties (thermal influence zone) appears in a metal product due to overheating. This negatively affects the tightness and reliability of future welds and the strength of the structure itself.

Thus, mechanical chamfering is a more preferable method of processing the edge of rolled metal, since it is it that allows you to preserve the properties of the product and does not affect the quality of future welding work.