Draft system of automatic fire alarm APS of the business center. Design of APS and Sowe Fire Alarm Sowe

Our company performs work on the preparation of project documentation for systems automatic fire alarm installation and relating and Evacuation Management Systems. We develop an APS and SOUE in the project documentation, as well as perform a working draft Aps / Sowe. For mounting systems. Our company designs fire alarm and alert and evacuation systems for the facilities of various purposes, both for civil buildings (shopping complexes, administrative buildings, residential buildings, hotel, physical wellness and other objects) and industrial buildings (warehouses, goals, Production and warehouse complexes, ABC).

Automatic fire alarm installation /
Evacuation alert and management system

Modern construction practically does not imply decisions where they would not be used as a security system automatic fire alarm system.

The presence of a fire alarm system and the complexity of its execution is governed by the regulatory document of the SP 5.13130-2009 "Installation of fire alarm and fire extinguishing automatic".

Project AUPSperformed in two stages. In the project documentation, structural fire alarm schemes are performed, whereas when performing a working project, it includes structural and framework schemes of fire alarm, floor plans of the building with the location of equipment, sensors and cable lines, equipment specification and cable magazine.

Projectautomatic installation fire Alarm Must meet all the modern requirements and standards in the field of fire protection, as well as include aspects such as maintainability and the possibility of upgrading.

In practice, three types of fire alarm installations are used: threshold, address and address-analog. The latter, however, is the most progressive and frequently used. The fact is that, in contrast to the threshold alarm, with a specified triggering threshold at a certain temperature or address alarm, operating also with threshold detectors, but on the address scheme, targeted-analog AUPS It is an intelligent fire alarm installation. The fact is that in the address and analog alarm, the detector sensors control various parameters and transmit them to a header that analyzes the general state and, depending on the program, can make certain solutions. This in turn allows you to most effectively prevent any ignition or smoke.

Source data for project execution automatic installation fire Alarms are floor plans, architectural cuts, technological plans, an explanatory note of the AR, an explanatory note of the TX, the section of fire safety activities, special specifications, sections on engineering systems - smoke removal, fire extinguishing, electric lighting, power supply, water supply, and other engineering sections.

To alert people about a fire in the building, a system of alert and evacuation management system is used. Sowe Reports the emergence of a fire in the building, with the help of light scoreboard indicates evacuation paths and outputs, serves to broadcast signals Go and emergency, as well as broadcasting duty messages and ads.

The project of the alert and management of evacuation is included in the design documentation, including in the PPM section (section 9 of the Russian Federation No. 87). SP 3.13130-2009 "Fire protection systems. The system of alert and management of the evacuation of people in the fire" determines the need to install SOUE in the building. The working project of SOUE contains structural and concepts, plans for placing equipment and cable lines, specifications, cable log. For the implementation of the RP, sections of the AR, TX, EOM, PPM, STU, AUPS (if SOUE and AUPC separate systems, SOUE - 3, 4 or 5th-type) are required.

The system of warning and management of the evacuation of people in the fires in buildings is classified in five types. SOUE of the first and second type - These are system of sound and light alert. Sirens and other similar signals are applied as a sound alert, and the light notification includes the Light Owners "Exit" and may also include flashing light scoreboards, signs of direction of movement during evacuation. Third Type Sowe (The most common type of SOUD) Instead of sound sirens, the loudspeakers use loudspeakers to transmit text alerts (so-called speech alert way). Fourth and Fifth Types Also are speech Sowe, but contain additional elements of the alert and evacuation control. The most complex on the fifth type system includes: speech alert, sound sirens, flashing alarm, scoreboard scoreboard, motion direction signs when evacuating with a changing semantic value, separation of a building in the alert zones, communication between dispatching and alert zones, control from dispatching all systems Fire protection, and multivariates of the evacuation of people from various zones of alert.

Published on the site: 03/23/2013 at 02:06.
Object: Zam Sverdlova plant building.
Project Developer: LLC "Architect".
Developer website: — .
Year of the project: 2012.
Systems: Access Control, Alert, Security Alarm, Fire Alarm

FKP "Plant named after Ya.M. Sverdlova". Building for the 9th Department

System Description:

Automatic installation fire alarm (APS) The automatic installation of the fire alarm is designed for early detection of the fire focus with the issuance of all the necessary information for the post of protection and to the fire dispatch service. The APS system is designed in full compliance with SP 5.13130-2009, SP 3.13130-2009. Central equipment APS system consists of:

• C2000M - control and control panel
• Signal-10 - Device receiving-control security-fire for 10 loops (SC);

The type of automatic fire detectors is selected in accordance with the application M, Table. M1, SP 5.13130-2009 (for the purpose of the room) and paragraph 13.1 SP 5.13130-2009 (according to the main factor of combustion: smoke). In the premises of the building it is planned to install:

• Flue fire detectors IP212-141m;
• Manual firefighter detectors IPR-3SUM;

The number and placement of fire detectors in the room and in terms of evacuation paths complies with the requirements of Claim 13.3, 14 SP 5.13130-2009 and detector passport data. Manual fire detectors are mounted on the walls near evacuation outputs at an altitude of 1.5 m from the floor level. The project documentation provides for the work of the fire alarm system according to the logical scheme "and". In accordance with the requirements of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of July 22, 2008, N 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" in terms of Article 82 (clause 2, p.8), Articles 84 (claim 7), Articles 103 (clause 2), as well as regulatory documents GOST R 53315-2009, SP 3.13130.2009, SP 5.13130.2009, SP 6.13130.2009, Fire alarm loops are performed by fire-resistant CPSEng-FRLS 1x2x0.22kv.mm (1x2x0.5mm) . Fire alarm loops are laid open by building structures, taking into account the location of the lighting equipment. The transmission of the alarm messages from the system is transmitted to the post of fire dispatch service according to the design lines existing on the design object. The system of alert and management of evacuation of people in the fire (SOUE) The system of alert and managing the evacuation of people in the fire (SOUE) is designed in accordance with paragraph 17 in Table 2 SP 3.13130-2009 in the 2nd type. The system of alert and management of the evacuation of people in the fire consists of:

• Light alert systems - Output scoreboard;
• Sound alert systems - sirens;

The light alert system is based on light bonds - "Lux-12", which are connected to the signal-to-10 receiving device. Sound alert system is based on the Sound Owls "PKI-1 Ivolga" when a fire occurs or another anxious situation that requires immediate personnel evacuation, the SUE system automatically displays an alarm sound alert. Light bisteners are also included, the "output" table in the "Promigization" mode. Installing the alarms is made on the walls. The number and placement of the alarms comply with the requirements of P.P. 4.4, 4.7, 4.8 SP 3.13130-2009 and passport data of the notifiers. In accordance with the requirements of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of July 22, 2008, N 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" in paragraphs 82 (clause 2, p.8), Articles 84 (claim 7), Articles 103 ( Clause 2), as well as regulatory documents GOST R 53315-2009, SP 3.13130.2009, SP 5.13130.2009, SP 6.13130.2009, looting systems of the alert and management of the evacuation of people in a fire are performed by fire-resistant cable KPSEng-FRLS 1x2x0,75kv.mm . Alert lines are laid open by building structures, taking into account the location of the lighting equipment. System of security alarm system The system management of the security alarm system is carried out from the instruments of the PPKOP "SIGNAL-10 and C2000M remote control. Gasket of security alarm cables to perform in accordance with PUE, and RD 78.145-93. The gasket of the security alarm cables in the premises lay in cable channels and openly over the suspended ceilings. Cable passages through the walls are performed in segments of plastic pipes ∅20x3.2. In the source state (duty), the signal-10 device controls the state of its signaling loops, periodically pollrew the detectors, fixes all changes in the object in its memory. When the person's penetration into the protected room, security detectors are given a signal to the device that analyzes it and gives an "Alarm" signal. For removal from security, one of the instrument loops is programmed with a delay in issuing alarm signal for the time required to turn off the device (defined and installed when setting up the system). To put up under protection, the detectors of this loop are given in the duty state, the device is included on the protection, but the taking of this loop will occur after the set time, while the integrity of the loop is not perceived by the instrument as an alarm. After the set time expires, the device automatically takes the loop. All this information is transmitted via the RS-485 interface to the C2000M control panel, is entered into memory and displayed on the station display. With the disappearance of the main power, 220V, the backup power unit connects batteries and all devices go to power from them. In the case of a short circuit in the loop or breaking, its device also analyzes the event and gives a signal about a malfunction. Access Control and Control System Access control system is controlled from the C2000-2 controller and the C2000M panel. The access control system is equipped with: entrance door and iron cutting on the 1st floor. The system includes an E / M Castle, a contactless reader, the output button laying the access control system of the access control system in accordance with Pue, and RD 78.145-93. Cable passages through the walls are performed in segments of plastic pipes ∅20x3.2. The controlled entrance to the service premises is made using contactless plastic HID cards. For this, each building that works in this building is provided by an individual, non-contact HID access card, upon presentation of which the lock controller automatically authenticates the submitted card, compares it with a list of allowed cards and the allowed passage. If the presented card satisfies all conditions, the electromagnetic lock automatically opens and all information is entered into the event protocol. If at least one of the conditions is broken, the electromagnetic lock does not open, and information about unauthorized access is also entered into the event protocol. Reverse output from the room is monitored by the CD system. In addition, the lock controller provides autonomous protection of the controlled door with the corresponding authority of the submitted card.

Drawings of the project

(Serve to familiarize yourself. The project itself can be downloaded by clicking below.).

Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation of March 25, 2009 N 173
"On approval of the rules of the" Fire protection system. The system of alert and management of people's evacuation during fires. Fire safety requirements "

In accordance with the Federal Law of July 22, 2008, N 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" (Meeting of the Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2008, N 30 (Part 1), Art. 3579), Decree of the President of the Russian Federation from 11 July 2004 N 868 "Questions of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense Affairs, Emergency Situations and Disaster Elimination" (Meeting of the Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2004, N 28, Art. 2882; 2005, N 43, Art. 4376) and Resolution Governments of the Russian Federation of November 19, 2008 N 858 "On the procedure for the development and approval of draft rules" (Meeting of the legislation of the Russian Federation, 2008, N 48, Art. 5608) I order:

To approve and put into action from May 1, 2009 the attached set of rules "Fire protection system. The system of alert and managing the evacuation of people during fires. Fire safety requirements."

S.K. Shoigu

Arch rules 3.13130.2009
"Fire protection systems. The system of alert and management of the evacuation of people in a fire. Fire safety requirements"
(approved and enacted by the order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation of March 25, 2009 N 173)

Systems of Fire Protection. System of Annunciation and Management of Human Evacuation AT Fire. Requirements of Fire Safety

Preface

Objectives and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ "On Technical Regulation", and the rules for the application of draft rules - Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On the procedure for the development and approval of draft rules" of November 19, 2008 . N 858.

1 area of \u200b\u200buse

1.1 This draft set of rules was developed in accordance with Article 84 of the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements", is a regulatory document on fire safety in the standardization of voluntary use and establishes fire safety requirements for warning systems and managing the evacuation of people with fires in buildings, structures and buildings (hereinafter - buildings).

1.2 This set of rules can be used in the development of special technical conditions for the design and construction of buildings.

2 Terms and Definitions

The following terms with the relevant definitions are adopted in this Code of Rules.

2.1 automatic control: Adjusts the system alert and management management system by a command signal from automatic fire alarm or fire extinguishing installations.

2.2 optional organization of evacuation from each zone of fire alert: One of the possible scenarios of the movement of people to evacuation outputs, depending on the location of the fire, the scheme of the spread of dangerous factors of fire, volume and planning and structural solutions of the building.

2.3 fire alert zone: Part of the building, where the simultaneous and the same way is carried out by the warning of people about the fire.

2.4 semi-automatic management: Adjusts the alert and management management system by the dispatcher (operator) when receiving a command signal from automatic fire alarm or fire extinguishing installations.

2.5 system alert and management of people's evacuation (SOUE): A complex of organizational events and technical means intended for timely report to people of information on the emergence of a fire, the need to evacuate, paths and order of evacuation.

2.6 connecting lines: Wired and non-conductive communication lines that provide a connection between fire automation means.

2.7 evacuation signs of fire safety: Fire safety signs designed to regulate the behavior of people in a fire in order to ensure their safe evacuation, including light fire alarms.

3 Fire safety requirements to the system of alert and managing the evacuation of people in the fire

3.1 SOUE should be designed to ensure safe evacuation of people in the fire.

3.2 Information transmitted by the system of alerts of people about fire and managing the evacuation of people must comply with the information contained in the buildings developed and placed on each floor plans to evacuate people.

3.3 SOUE should turn on automatically from the command signal generated by the automatic installation of fire alarm or fire extinguishing, with the exception of the cases below.

Remote, manual and local inclusion of SOUE is allowed to be used if in accordance with the regulatory documents for fire safety for this type of buildings does not require equipping automatic fire extinguishing and (or) automatic fire alarms. In this case, the starting elements must be performed and placed in accordance with the requirements for manual fire detectors.

In Sowe 3-5 types, semi-automatic management, as well as manual, remote and local inclusion is allowed to be used only in separate notification zones.

The choice of the type of management is determined by the designer organization, depending on the functional purpose, constructive and volume-planning decisions of the building and on the basis of the condition for ensuring the safe evacuation of people in the fire.

3.4 Cables, Cable Wires and Methods for their gaskets must ensure the performance of connecting lines in a fire conditions during the time required for the complete evacuation of people in a safe zone.

Radio channel connecting lines, as well as connecting lines in SOUE with speech notification must be provided, in addition, the system of automatic control of their performance.

3.5 The SOU control should be carried out from the premises of the fire post, a dispatch or other special room that meets the requirements of fire safety imposed on the specified premises.

4 Fire safety requirements for sound and speech warning and human evacuation management

4.1 SUE sound signals should provide a general level of sound (the sound level of constant noise together with all signals produced by the alarms) at least 75 dBA at a distance of 3 m from the bunch, but not more than 120 dBA at any point of the protected room.

4.2 SUE sound signals should provide a sound level of at least 15 dBs above the permissible sound level of constant noise in the protective room. Measuring the sound level should be carried out at a distance of 1.5 m from the floor level.

4.3 In bedrooms Sowes sound signals should have a sound level of at least 15 dba above the sound level of constant noise in a protective room, but not less than 70 dBA. Measurements should be carried out at the head level of the sleeping person.

4.4 Wall-mounted sound and speech alards should be located in such a way that their upper part is at a distance of at least 2.3 m from the floor level, but the distance from the ceiling to the top of the units should be at least 150 mm.

4.5 In the protected areas, where people are in noise protection equipment, as well as in protected areas with noise level of noise more than 95 dBA, sound alarms should be combined with light branches. It is allowed to use light flashing bisteners.

4.6 Speech Alards must reproduce normally audible frequencies in the range from 200 to 5000 Hz. The sound level of information from speech bisteners must comply with the rules of the Regulation of the Rules in relation to sound fire faders.

4.7 Installing loudspeakers and other speech alards in protected premises should exclude a concentration and uneven distribution of reflected sound.

4.8 Number of audio and speech fire fighters, their alignment and power must provide sound level in all places of permanent or temporary stay of people in accordance with the norms of this Code of Rules.

5 Fire safety requirements for light alert and human evacuation management

5.1 Evacuation signs of fire safety, the principle of which is based on the operation from the electrical network, should be included simultaneously with the main lighting devices of the working light.

In the 5th Type Sowe, another procedure for the inclusion of these evacuation signs of fire safety can be provided.

5.2 Light bellover "Exit" in visual, demonstration, exhibition and other halls should be included during the people's stay in them.

5.3 Light Owners "Exit" should be installed:

in visual, demonstration, exhibition and other halls (regardless of the number of people who are in them), as well as in premises with simultaneous stay 50 or more people - over evacuation outputs;

over evacuation outputs with floors of the building, directly outward or leading to a safe zone;

in other places, at the discretion of the project organization, if in accordance with the provisions of this Code of Rules in the building requires the installation of the "output" light alarms.

5.4 Evacuation signs of fire safety, indicating the direction of movement, should be installed:

in corridors, more than 50 m long, as well as in the corridors of the hostels with a capacity of more than 50 people on the floor. At the same time, evacuation signs of fire safety should be installed along the length of the corridors at a distance of not more than 25 m from each other, as well as in the places of turns of the corridors;

in unseasonable staircases;

in other places, at the discretion of the project organization, if in accordance with the provisions of this Code of Rules in the building requires the installation of evacuation signs of fire safety.

5.5 Evacuation signs of fire safety, indicating the direction of movement, should be installed at an altitude of at least 2 m.

6 Classification of the alert and management of people's evacuation in buildings in buildings

Depending on the method of alert, dividing the building on the alert zones and other SOUE characteristics is divided into 5 types shown in Table 1.

Table 1
Characteristic Sowe.		The presence of the specified characteristics of various types of SOUE
1. Methods of alert:
sound (siren, toned signal, etc.);
speech (transmission of special texts);
light:
	a) light flashing bisteners;
	b) Light Owners "Exit";
	c) evacuation signs of fire safety indicating the direction of movement;
	d) light alarms indicating the direction of movement of people with a changing semantic value
2. Separation of the building on the fire alert zone
3. Feedback of the fire alert zones with a fire post-control room
4. The possibility of implementing several evacuation options from each fire alert zone
5. Coordinated management of one fire post-dispatch service with all building systems associated with ensuring the safety of people in the event

Notes:

1. "+" - required; "*" - allowed; "-" - not required.

2. It is allowed to use a sound alert for SOUE 3-5 types in separate zones of fire alert (technical floors, attics, basements, closed ramps of parking lots and other rooms that are not intended for permanent residence of people).

3. The buildings with a permanent stay of people with disabilities for hearing and vision, light flashing bisteners or specialized alarms should be applied (including system of specialized alerts, ensuring the issuance of sound signals of a certain frequency and light pulse signals of high brightness, as well as other technical means of individual Alerts people). The choice of type of bisteners is determined by the project organization, depending on the physical condition of people in the building. At the same time, these alarm must exclude the possibility of negative impact on people's health and life support devices.

4. Selecting the type of evacuation signs of fire safety, indicating the direction of movement of people in a fire (photoluminescent signs of fire safety, light fire alarms, other evacuation signs of fire safety), is carried out by the designer organization.

7 Fire safety requirements for equipping buildings (structures) by various types of alert and evacuation management systems during fire

Buildings (facilities) should be equipped with a corresponding type Sowe in accordance with Table 2. It is allowed to use a higher type of SOCE for buildings (structures) when complying with the condition of ensuring the safe evacuation of people.

table 2
Buildings (Name of the Regulatory Indicator)	The value of the normative indicator	The greatest number of floors							Notes
1. Children's pre-school educational institutions (number of places)								In preschool institutions, with the use of the 3rd type of SUE and above, only employees of institutions are notified using a special text of the alert. Such a text should not contain words that can cause panic
2. Sleeping corps of educational institutions of boarding school and children's institutions (number of places in the building)
3. Hospitals, specialized nursing homes and disabled (number of beds)								When using the 3rd type of SUE and above, only workers of institutions using a special text of the alert. Such a text should not contain words that can cause panic
	60 or more
3.1. Psychiatric hospitals								Only employees of institutions are notified using a special text of alert. Such a text should not contain words that can cause panic
	60 or more
4. Hotels, Hostels, Sleeping Cases of Sanatoriums and Recreation Houses of General Type, Campings, Motels and Pension (Capacity, Chel.)
5. Residential buildings:								In SOUE with sound units, it is possible to apply an increasing beep sound signal, as well as produce a periodic disconnection of the beep for the "Pushina pause", which should not exceed 1 minute
sectional type
corridor type
6. Theaters, cinemas, concert halls, clubs, circus, sports facilities with tribunes, libraries and other similar institutions with the calculated number of seats for visitors in closed rooms (capacity of the hall, pers.)
6.1. Theaters, cinemas, concert halls, clubs, circus, sports facilities with tribunes and other similar institutions with the calculated amount of seating for visitors in the open air (capacity of the hall, pers.)
7. Museums, exhibitions, dance halls and other similar institutions in closed rooms (number of visitors)
8. Trade Organizations (Floor Floor Square, M2)
8.1. Shoppingals without natural lighting (Square of the Trading Room, M2)
9. Catering organizations (capacity, people)
9.1. Catering organizations located in the basement or basement floor (capacity, people)
10. Station
11. Polyclinics and ambulance (visits to shift, people)
	90 or more
12. Organizations of household and municipal services with an unspecutic amount of seating for visitors (fire compartment area, m2)
13. Physical and health complexes and sports facilities with premises without a podium for viewers, household premises, baths (number of visitors)
14. Education institutions, educational institutions of additional education of children, educational institutions of primary professional and secondary vocational education (number of places)
15. Educational institutions of higher vocational education and additional professional education of specialists
16. Institutions of the Offices, Design and Design Organizations, Information and Editorial Publishing Organizations, Scientific Organizations, Banks, Offices, Offices
17. Production and warehouse buildings, parking for cars, archives, book storage (category Building in the explosion and fire hazard)	A B C D E							The 1st Type of SOUE is allowed to be combined with the configuration. Sowe buildings with categories A and B must be scored with technological or fire automation

Notes:

1. The required SOUD type is determined by the value of the normative indicator. If the number of floors is more than this type of SOUE for the buildings of this functional purpose, or in Table 2, there is no value of the regulatory indicator, then the required Type of SUE is determined by the number of floors of the building.

2. Under the regulatory indicator of the fire compartment area in these standards, the floor area between fire walls is understood.

3. At protection objects, where in accordance with Table 2 requires the equipment of the SOUE level 4 or 5 of the type, the final decision on the choice of SOUE is made by the design organization.

4. In rooms and buildings where there are (work, live, spend leisure) people with reduced hearing or vision, SOUE must take into account these features.

5. For buildings categories a and b over the explosion and fire hazard, in which the 3rd type SOUE device provides, in addition to the speech fire firms installed inside buildings, the installation of speech fire alards outside these buildings should be provided. The method of laying the connecting lines of the SOUE and the arrangement of fire alarms outside the buildings is determined by the project organization.

6. In institutions where the alert only the service personnel is required, speech alarm alignments should be made in accordance with the requirements of this Code of Rules.

7. One-story warehouse and production buildings consisting of one room (categories on the explosion and fire and fire hazard of B4, D, D) with an area of \u200b\u200bno more than 50 without permanent jobs or the permanent presence of people, allowed not to equip SOU.

The main condition for ensuring the safety of people during fires and other natural disasters is organized and operational evacuation of them into safe zones, where the impact of hazardous physical factors is eliminated. It is intended to implement this in modern conditions. A system of alerts about fire and managing the evacuation of people, Sowe.

About how it works and from which the SOUE consists of which requirements for alert systems are put on, as they are classified - it is described in this article.

The fire alert system is an integral part of the fire alarm system, which, according to the law, should have any enterprise or organization in its buildings and structures, regardless of the ownership. It represents a combination of technical means and activities, the purpose of which is the timely notification of people in the building or on the territory of the object, about fire and reporting information on the procedure and ways of exit.

Principle of operation and composition of fire alert and evacuation systems

The evacuation management in the case of a fire is thought out when the buildings are planned, which should have such spatial performance, which will provide a quick exit from the flames of fire or combustion products.

Proper functionality is provided:

• By filing light, sound signals, broadcasting records of specially compiled texts with calls and instructions on actions, movements of motion;
• Inclusion of emergency lighting;
• Accommodating mandatoryly illuminated fire safety signs on routes of movement of people to safe zones;
• Work remotely opened shut-off devices at the outputs;
• Creation of communication between the dispatchers of the fire post and the alert zone;
• Other methods.

Thus, in the composition of fire alert and evacuation management systems include such devices:

• Owners;
• Light board;
• Direction pointers, including light;
• Acoustic communication systems to inform duty and personnel;
• Access control electronics for opening of constipation;
• Sowe control devices.

Our company offers to put modern elements of fire alert systems, develop and implement and launch SOUE of any complexity at various enterprises and organizations.

Classification of fire alert systems and requirements for their work

Requirements for fire alert systems are reflected in various regulatory documents. First of all, it is the Federal Law of the N126 FZ, which is called "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements." In addition, the country has the rules of fire safety (NBP), particular NPB-104-63 and NBP 77-98, where there are also quite strict provisions for the notification systems.

To date, there is a certain classification of fire alert systems. Depending on the degree of autonomy of work, it may be autonomous or working as part of the larger system. Also release 5 types of SOUE, the choice of which is dictated by the number of floors in the building, the liability of the object and other factors.

• 1 Type is characterized by the presence of sound and light alarms, signals, sirens that are anxious alert to all rooms where people can be. One line works, all the alarms are turned on simultaneously.
• 2 Type provides for the presence of the same technical means, as well as the installation of light indicators of the direction of movement during evacuation, Light indicators "Exit".
• 3 Type implies an additional availability of audio conversion relayers that will relay appeals about evacuation paths and prevent panic among people at the facility. It is also assumed to be an independent inclusion of alert lines, two or more lines work, alert zones are created.
• 4 Type In addition to all the above methods of alert and management management on several independent lines, assumes the availability of a dispatcher's voice with alert zones. It is possible to realize various evacuation options from the building zones, manage personnel and evacuated people by feedback.
• 5 The most difficult and more modern, implies the introduction of full automation and various coordination options and centralized management of groups with a single post.

If you want to know what the requirements of fire safety standards in this area - contact our phone specialists

Fire alarm - a set of technical means designed to detect fire, processing, transmission in a given form of fire notice, special information and (or) issuing commands to include automatic fire extinguishing installations and the inclusion of executive installations of anti-refinery systems, technological and engineering equipment, as well as other devices fire protection.

Alerts and managing the evacuation of people - A complex of organizational events and technical means intended for timely communication to people information about the emergence of a fire, the need to evacuate, paths and order of evacuation.

Fire detector - Technical means intended to form a fire signal.

Fire Hanging - technical means designed to notify people about fire.

Automatic fire alarm system.

The system of automatic fire alarm system (hereinafter the APS) is divided into three main types:

Analog Aps It is able to establish a focus of fire on the name of the fire alarm loop, which may contain up to several dozen fire detectors. This is a disadvantage of this system, as it is impossible to determine the direct place for the emergence of a fire with great accuracy. The advantage of this system is the low cost of equipment and elements of the system, simplicity of commissioning works, as well as the low cost of further maintenance. This type of APS system is suitable for buildings with a small area and buildings with a small amount of protected premises.

Address Threshold Aps. - Uses the addressing at the level of individual blocks (modules) of the APS, which are installed near the protected areas and interconnected by the two-wire line. Due to this, there is a decrease in the cost of cable products and the cost of assembly work. The advantage of this system is to identify the service area with one plume of the APS with an individual address in the system.

Address and analog APS - The system in which the ability to correct the operation of the system as a whole, depending on the characteristics of the object. The system is capable of high accuracy to specify the focus of ignition in the building and collect and process data on the state of the object and system. These systems use detectors capable of issuing information about the parameters that control the detector and its state at the moment, for example, smashes, dustiness, temperature, in real time. The advantages of this system include all the advantages of the APS threshold system, but with higher indicators. The disadvantage of this system is the cost of system components, but their number can be reduced to two times compared with analog systems. This system comes up to buildings with a large area and a storey, as well as for a complex of buildings.

Addressable radio channel APS - The system, which is in essence and functions of the address-analog APS, the only difference detectors are associated with the PPKOP using radio channel lines. Suitable for buildings in which the presence of mounting cable channels on the ceilings and walls, such as churches, museums and buildings representing architectural and historical value, are unacceptable.

Types of fire detectors

According to the method of actuation Fire detectors (Next PI) are divided into automatic and manual.

According to the controlled sign of fire Automatic PI divided into the following types :

thermal - fire detector reacting to a certain temperature and (or) rate of its rise.

smoke - fire detector reacting to particles of solid or liquid combustion products and (or) pyrolysis in the atmosphere

flame - automatic fire detector reacting to the electromagnetic radiation of the flame or glowing hearth.

.

gas - fire detector reacting to gases that are distinguished by damage or burning materials

combined - fire detector reacting to two or more fire factor.

.

By configuration of the measuring zone smoke p. divided into:

point - fire detector reacting to fire factors in the compact zone.

linear - fire detector reacting to fire factors in the extended, linear zone.

By configuration of the measuring zone, thermal pi divided into:

top some – Firemanany detector reacting to fire factors in the compact zone.

multi overalls - then automatic detectors, sensitivethe fir elements of which are the work of point sensors discrelocated over the line.

lineare. - (thermokabel)

Selection of fire detectors

The choice of fire detectors is carried out depending on the type and on the purpose of the protected room and the type of fire load (see Table 1).

Table 1

Selection of types of fire detectors depending on the purpose of the protected room and the type of fire load

List of characteristic premises of production, technological processes	View of the fire detector
1 Production buildings:	Smoke, thermal, flame
1.1 with production and storage:
synthetic resins, synthetic fibers, polymeric materials, textile, textile-haberdashery, sewing, shoe, leather, tobacco, fur and pulp and paper products, celluloid, rubber, rubber products, flammable X-ray and film filthen, cotton
varnishes, paints, solvents, lvz, gzh, lubricants, chemical reagents, alcohol products	Heat, flame
alkali metal, metal powders	Fame
flour, feed, other products and materials with dust release	Heat, flame
1.2 with production:	Smoke, thermal, flame
paper, Cardboard, Wallpaper, Livestock and Poultry Products
1.3. With storage:	Smoke, thermal, flame
non-combustible materials in combustible packaging, solid combustible materials
Premises with computing equipment, radio equipment, PBX	Smoke
2 Special facilities:	Smoke, thermal
2.1 Places for laying cables, for transformers and distribution devices, electrical panel
2.2 Rooms for equipment and pipelines on the pumping of combustible liquids and oils, for testing engines of internal combustion and fuel equipment, filling cylinders with combustible gases	Flame, thermal
2.3 Rooms for car maintenance	Smoke, thermal, flame
3 Administrative, domestic and public buildings and structures:	Smoke
3.1 visual, rehearsal, lecture, readable and conference rooms, sorrow, lobby, halls, corridors, dressing rooms, books, archives, suspended ceilings
3.2 Artistic, costume, restoration workshops, film and light, hardware, photo laboratories	Smoke, thermal, flame
3.3 Administrative and Economic Rooms, Machinestore Stations, Control Panels, Residential Premises	Smoke, thermal
3.4 Hospital chambers, premises of trade enterprises, catering, office rooms, residential premises of hotels and hostels	Smoke, thermal
3.5 premises of museums and exhibitions	Smoke, thermal, flame
4 buildings and rooms with large volumes:	Smoke
Atriums, manufacturing workshops, warehouses, logistics centers, shopping chairs, passenger terminals, sports halls and stadiums, circus, etc.
5 rooms with computing equipment, radio equipment, PBX, server, Data and Call centers, data processing centers	Smoke

The system of alert and managing the evacuation of people in the fire (SOUE).

The main purpose of the alert system is a warning of people in the building of a fire or another emergency, as well as coordinating their actions in the implementation of evacuation. Sowe is a set of organizational events and technical means designed to solve these tasks.

Depending on the method of alert, dividing the building on the alert zones and other SOUE characteristics is divided into 5 types.

Table # 2.

Characteristics of various types of soore

Characteristic Sowe.	The presence of the specified characteristics of various types of SOUE
1 Ways alert:
sound (siren, toned signal, etc.);
speech (transmission of special texts);
light:
a) light flashing bisteners;
b) Light Owners "Exit";
c) evacuation signs of fire safety indicating the direction of movement;
d) light alarms indicating the direction of movement of people with a changing semantic value
2 Separation of the building on the fire alert zone
3 Feedback of fire alert zones with a fire post-control room
4 Possibility of implementing several evacuation options from each fire alert zone
5 Coordinated management of one fire post-dispatch service of all building systems related to ensuring the safety of people in a fire

Notes:

1 "+" - required; "*" - allowed; "-" - not required.

Thus, according to Table # 2:

1st Type of Sowe includes necessarily sirens (toned signals), as well as allowing the use of light flashing fools and the outbuilding tab.

2nd Type of Sowe includes necessarily sirens (toned signals) and the "Exit" scoreboard, as well as the use of light flashing fools andevacuation signs of fire safety indicating the direction of movement.

3rd Type of Sowe transfer of special texts) and the tablo "output",evacuation signs of fire safety, indicating the direction of movement, separation of the building on the fire alert zones, feedback of the fire alert zones with a fire post-control room, As well as allows the use of sirens (toned signals), light flashing bisteners.

4th Type of Sowe includes necessarily speech alarms (transfer of special texts), the tablo "output", Evacuation signs of fire safety, indicating the direction of movement, separation of the building to the fire alert zones, feedback of the fire alert zones with a fire post-control room, As well as allowed the use of sirens (toned signals), light flashing bisteners,light bellows indicating the direction of movement of people with a changing semantic value, the possibility of implementing several evacuation options from each fire alert zone.

5th Type of Sowe includes necessarily speech alarms (transfer of special texts), the tablo "output", Separation of a building for fire alert zones, feedback of fire alert zones with a fire post-dispatching room, the possibility of implementing several evacuation options from each fire alert zone, coordinated management from one fire post-dispatch service with all building systems related to ensuring the safety of people in the fire, As well as allowed the use of sirens (toned signals),evacuation signs of fire safety indicating the direction of movement, light flashing bisteners,light bellows indicating the direction of movement of people with a changing semantic value.

a B C)

d) d)

Figure 1 "Fire Owls"

a) - sound sign; b) - the tablo "output"; c) - light (light-sound) info; d) - speech sign; e) -evacuation sign of fire safety indicating the direction of movement.