How do the bulletproof glass make? Interested in the technology of producing bulletproof glasses!

The history of the bulletproof glass began in 1910, when French scientist Edward Benedirtus invented the method of producing particularly durable glass by placing a special celluloid film between two glass sheets. Such a glass, now known as laminated, Benedirtus patented under the title "Triplex". Located, do not hope to sit at the bulletproof glasses during a serious shelling. Absolute armor protecting against the whole firearm simply does not exist, especially armor armor ...

Triplex is the most reliable and safe glass. During the century, which has passed since the Frenchman made his state invention, the glass industry went far ahead, and now the manufacturer's technology is approximately the following. Two sheets of tempered glass glue each other over the entire surface with a polymer film or laminating fluid. (By the way, herself worked in the NPP "Macroger" on the production of such a liquid - really GIN rights, this is "acrolat": http://www.macromer.ru /him.shtml?Base\u003d5 & ...) And the sheets can be made of glass as one and different types, can be straight or bent (the shape is given to gluing). The lamination itself is a rather complicated process, it is performed on an automated line in several stages. At the last stage, the sheets of glass fall into the autoclave, where at high temperature the film is polymerized and, like glue, connects the glass. As a result, the strength of the usual triplex to the blow is 10-15 times higher than the strength of the usual sheet glass. If the triplex still manage to break or break through the bullet, the fragments are not sprinkled in all directions - they will hang on the intermediate film, without causing harm. It looks like a multi-layer glass as a monolith.
However, there are not two glasses with a polymer film, and more. But the three-layer triplex is still considered an optimal option - the further addition of the layers significantly increases the price of the product, although, of course, the protective properties also increase. But by and large, the use of multilayer tryplexes makes sense only where there is a serious threat to the lives of people or for material and museum values.

But safety can be provided not only by the use of triplex. There is an alternative way of hardening and protecting glass in the buildings of glass structures - sticking to the usual high-quality glass of window films.
Professional window films (for example, Courtaulds Performance Films films produced by the USA), being pasted on glass, allow you to avoid the danger of damage to fragments. The glass, reinforced with such a film, successfully withstands even a shock explosive wave - and if it is damaged, it will remain in the frame or falls as a whole piece, without scattering on sharp fragments.

US Air Force is experiencing a new transparent material that can soon replace the bulletproof glass in military vehicles. Aluminum oxynitride (ALON) - transparent material, optical and structural characteristics similar to sapphire. It is very durable and much easier than the usual bulletproof glass.
The windshield, which consisted of three layers (Alon, glass, again, ALC), while testing successfully sustained, for example, shelling armor-piercing cartridges from the sniper rifle M-44. The usual bulletproof glass must be thicker several times, windshield with Alon to withstand a similar load.

In one of the days of 1903, the French chemist Edward Benedict was preparing for the next experiment in the laboratory - he did not look out his hand for a clean flask standing on the shelf in the closet, and dropped it. Taking a broom and scoop to remove fragments, Edward approached the closet and found in surprise that the flask was smashed, but all her fragments remained on the spot, they combined some film with each other. The chemist called the laboratory manner - he was obliged to wash the glass dishes after the experiments - and tried to figure out what was in the flask. It turned out that this capacity was used a few days ago during experiments with cellulose nitrate (nitrocellulose) - a liquid plastic alcohol solution, a small amount of which after evaporation of alcohol remains on the walls of the flask and froze the film. And since the layer of plastic was thin and quite transparent, the laboratory decided that the container was empty.

After a couple of weeks after the story with the flask who did not scatter on the fragments, Eduard Benedict came to his eyes a note in the morning newspaper, which described the consequences of the frontal clashes in those years of the type of transport. The windshield was raised by fragments, inflicting multiple cuts, losing sight and normal appearance. Photos of the victims made a painful impression on Benedict and then he remembered the "unbreakable" flask. Throwing to the laboratory, the next 24 hours of his life, the French chemist dedicated to the creation of a unbreakable glass. He applied nitrocellulose on the glass, dried a layer of plastic and threw a composite on the stone floor - again, again and again. So Eduard Benedict invented the first glass triplex.

Multilayer glass

A glass formed by several layers of silicate or organic glass connected by a particular polymer film is called a triplex. As a polymer connecting glass, polyvinyl butyral (PVB) is usually used. There are two main ways of production of multilayer glass Triplex - filling and lamination (autoclave or vacuum).

Technology of the filler triplex. The sheets are cut in size, if necessary, it is given a curved form (Mollarming is performed). After carefully cleaning the surfaces of the glass fit together to ensure that the lumen remains (cavity) with a height of no more than 2 mm - the distance is fixed with a special rubber band. The combined sheets of glass are set at an angle to the horizontal surface, a polyvinyl butyral is poured into the cavity between them, the rubber insert around the perimeter prevents it out. To achieve uniformity of the polymer layer, the glasses are placed under the press. The final connection of glass sheets due to the curing of the polyvinyl butyral occurs under ultraviolet radiation in a special chamber, inside which the temperature is maintained in the range from 25 to 30 ° C. After forming a triplex, a rubber tape is extracted from it and an edge crawling is extracted from it.

Tryplex autoclave lamination. After cutting the sheets of glass, processing edges and molaring, they are cleaned of contamination. At the end of the preparation of sheets of float glass, the PVB film, formed "sandwich" fit in between them, is placed in a plastic shell - air is completely output from the package. The final connection of the layers of the "sandwich" occurs in the autoclave, under pressure of 12.5 bar and a temperature of 150 o C.

Vacuum Lamination Triplex. Compared with autoclave technology, vacuum triplexion is performed at lower pressure and temperature. The sequence of working operations they have similar: cutting glass, giving a curved shape in a molding furnace, edge snapshot, thorough cleaning and degreasing surfaces. In the formation of a "sandwich", ethylenevinyl acetate (EVA) or PVB film is placed between the glasses, then they are placed in a vacuum machine, pre-laying in a plastic bag. Saving glass sheets occurs in this installation: the air is pumped out; "Sandwich" is heated to the maximum 130 o C, the film is polymerization; Triplex is cooled to 55 o C. Polymerization is performed in a rarefied atmosphere (- 0.95 bar), with a decrease in temperature to 55 o, the pressure in the chamber is aligned to atmospheric and, as soon as the temperature of the multilayer glass is 45 o C, the triplex formation is completed.

Multilayer glass created on the filling technology, more durable, but less transparent than the laminated triplex.

From glass sandwiches, made on one of the triplex-technologies, windy windows of cars are created, they are necessary for glazing high-rise buildings, in building partitions within offices and residential buildings. Triplex is popular with designers - items from it are an integral element of modern style.

But despite the absence of fragments when hitting the multi-layer "sandwich" from silicate glass and polymer, it will not stop the bullet. But the triplex glass discussed below will make it quite successfully.

Armored Glass - Creating History

In 1928, German chemists create a new material, immediately interested in aircraft designers - Plexiglas. In 1935, Sergey Ushakov, the head of the "plastics", was able to get a sample of "flexible glass" in Germany, Soviet scientists began studying and developing mass production technology. A year later, the production of organic glass from polymethyl methacrylate was beginning at the K-4 plant in Leningrad. At the same time, experiments were started to create an armored glass.

The tempered glass, created in 1929 by the French company SSG, in the mid-30s called Stalinitis was produced in the USSR. The technique of hardening was the following - the sheets of the most conventional silicate glass heated to temperatures in the range from 600 to 720 o C, i.e. Above glass softening temperature. Then the glass sheet was rapidly cooling - cold air flows in a few minutes lowered its temperature to 350-450 o C. By hardening the glass, high strength properties were obtained: the impact resistance increased 5-10 times; bending strength - no less than twice; Heat resistance - three or four times.

However, despite the high strength, Stalinitis was not suitable for molting in order to form a plane cab lantern - hardening did not allow it to bend it. In addition, tempered glass contains a significant number of internal voltage zones, a light impact on them led to the complete destruction of the entire sheet. Stalinitis cannot be cut, process and drill. Then the Soviet designers decided to combine the plastic plexiglass and Stalinitis, turning their disadvantages to dignity. The previously molded flashlight of the aircraft was covered with small tiles of tempered glass, the glue served the polyvinyl butyral.

The occurrence of the former Soviet republics into capitalism with the beginning of the 1990s sharply increased demand for the protection of the armored glass of cars of collectors and currency exchange points. At the same time there was a need for "transparent armor" for passenger cars of businessmen. Since the production of real armored cells were expensive, as well as final products, a number of firms have established the release of imitation of armored glass - it was a triplex of rather mediocre quality, the polymerization of the film PVB was performed in an accelerated mode, using ultraviolet irradiation. Finished products were able to withstand a pistol bullet from a distance of 5 meters, i.e. It corresponded only by the 2nd Class of Protection (all of them six). Massive armored glasses of this type have poorly kept the temperature differences of more than +20 and below -22 o C - after six months, the triplex layers were partially separated, their already low transparency was seriously declining.

Transparent armor

Modern armored cell, also called transparent armor, is a multi-layer composite formed by sheets of silicate glass, plexiglas, polyurethane and polycarbonate. Also, a quartz and ceramic glass can be included in the armored triplex, synthetic sapphire.

European armored complex producers are mainly produced by a triplex consisting of several "raw" float glasses and polycarbonate. By the way, an inacked glass in the environment of companies producing transparent armor is called "raw" - in a triplex with polycarbonate it is the "raw" glass.

The polycarbonate sheet in such a multilayer glass is mounted on the side, trapped inside the protected room. The task of plastic lies in the oscillations of the vibrations caused by a shock wave in the collision of bullets with armored cell to avoid the formation of new fragments in the sheets of "raw" glass. If the polycarbonate is absent in the composition of the triplex, then the shock wave moving in front of the bullet will break the glass before the actual contact with them and the bullet will pass freely through such a "sandwich". The disadvantages of armoredecol with polycarbonate insert (as well as with any polymer as part of a triplex): the considerable weight of the composite, especially in classes 5-6a (reaches 210 kg per m 2); Low plastic resistance to abrasive wear; Polycarbonate detachment over time due to temperature differences.

Quartz glass. It is made from silicon oxide (silica) of natural origin (quartz sand, rock crystal, residential quartz) or artificially synthesized silicon dioxide. It has high heat resistance and light-resistance, its strength is higher than that of silicate glass (50 H / mm 2 against 9.81 H / mm 2).

Ceramic glass. It is performed from aluminum oxynitride, developed in the US for the needs of the army, the patented name - Alon. The density of this transparent material is higher than that of quartz glass (3.69 g / cm 3 versus 2.21 g / cm 3), the strength characteristics are also high (the Jung module is 334 GPa, the average voltage limit for bending - 380 MPa, which is practically 7-9 times the similar indicators of glass oxide).

Artificial sapphire (leukosapphor). It is a single crystal from aluminum oxide, the maximum strength properties from possible attached to the bronce oblinement. Some of its characteristics: Density - 3.97 g / cm 3; Middle voltage limit for bending - 742 MPa; Yung module - 344 GPa. Lack of leukosapphor is its significant cost due to high production energy consumption, complex machining and polishing needs.

Chemically hardened glass. "Raw" silicate glass is immersed in a bath with an aqueous solution of fluoride (plating) acid. After the chemical hardening, the glass becomes 3-6 stronger, its shock viscosity increases six times. The disadvantage is the strength characteristics of the strengthened glass lower than that of thermally hardened.

Frame for armored glass

The application of the armored triplex to glazing does not mean that the opening overlap will be a bulletproof - a frame of a special design is necessary. It is created mainly of metal profiles, most often aluminum. In the grooves located along the junction line of the triplex and the frame profile, the steel overlays are installed, protecting the weakest place in the armored window design from the blow or contact with the bullet.

Protective armored lining can also be installed outside the framework, but this will reduce the aesthetic characteristics of the window. To achieve the maximum level of protection, the frame can be performed entirely from the steel profile (the lining in this case is not needed), but they will become very cumbersome and will cost expensive.

The weight of the armored window often exceeds 300 kg per m 2, not every construction and construction material is capable of withstanding it. Therefore, the installation of armored window design is admissible only for reinforced concrete and brick walls. Open the armored window sash due to its high weight is not easy, servo drives are used for this purpose.

The process of covering the glass of the car from the inside of the thick film, which provides protection and strength, is called the reservation of glasses. Such a coating withstands the hammer, bits and other heavy items. The booking system itself came from business. The most initial films were invented for industrial buildings and retail premises, where protection against robbers and vandals is needed. From this article you will learn how to apply such a film, what advantages and disadvantages have this system and how efficiently it is.

Varieties of film

There are different armor tapes intended for:

• Auto District. Thickness from 250 to 310 microns. Free sale. Clause on the principle of tinting. For complete drying, it will take 1 month. After that, the film is withstanding the strikes with a stone, hammer, bat. Savings cars and its passengers as from stones capable of flying on the track and he is robbery.
• Office buildings. Thickness, like a film for auto glass. Suitable, for offices, showcases, shops, large shopping center. Rolls of material are much larger in width than for auto glass.
• Particular objects. Thickness about 550 microns. This is necessary for particularly important objects in any state to protect against possible terrorists. Such glass is absolutely impossible to break and penetrate the inside of the room.
• Bulletproof for auto glass. Withstand shooting not from any gunshot. Standard film bulletproof, is able to withstand bullets 38 caliber of the pistol. The glass thickness should be at least 12 mm, as well as multi-layer, smoothly as the windshield of the car. Machines, this booking will not be able to withstand.

Whatever the booking film, 100% of the safety guarantee is difficult. The name "bulletproof" is conditional. As studies have shown, this glass does not break in the event that it will shoot from the pistol of the specified caliber and in different parts of the glass. In the event that the bullets of the required caliber fall into the same place, the glass will break through and no film will be able to save it.

Pros and Cons Booking Windshield Film

Often motorists believe that the tinting of the car and booking are connected with each other. In addition, there is an opinion that such a windshield cover will worsen visibility and will interfere with driving. All this is completely wrong. The main features and advantages of such a film:

• High-quality visibility;
• Not mixed with toning;
• Perfectly tolerate auto chemicals;
• Thick film covers windshield, thin - all others;
• Coating polarized film - reduction of glare;
• Uniform impact distribution;
• Protection against small vandalism.

It is also worth remembering about the headlights that also need to protect against foreign objects.

Before you go to a hundred, it is important to know the disadvantages of the reservation by the film:

• When driving or parking, dust settles on the surface of the windshield. When the car owner includes wipers, significant damage in the form of scratches is applied to the film. To reduce damage, prevent strong dusting and wipe the windshield more often.
• Bubbles may occur anywhere. If they appear before the eyes of the driver, one will, as a rule, will be very annoying and reduced visibility quality. In addition, the appearance of the car suffers.

The price of booking windows of the car film with dimming begins in the area of \u200b\u200b3.500 rubles.

Booking with your own hands

Glass reservations are usually used by motorists who have become victims of broken windows for any reason: someone because of the stones that are often flying away from the wheels, and someone because of the robbery.

The appearance of the film is similar to the toned with the most maximum level of transparency. You can buy it in Auto Ramagazines or through online stores. The procedure for applying the film is next.

1. You need to remove the side windows. It is necessary to fulfill everything according to the instructions based on the brand and the model of your car. It should be carefully reached by locks and remove the glass, before that, do not forget the door cards to twist.

2. Removal of dirt and fat. An important point is the degreasing of each glass completely. To do this, you need to put the glass on a pre-cleaned smooth surface. Carefully rectify to abrasive particles that can scratch the glass. Next, you should clean the inner side of the side glass, where the film will be overlap for booking. To clean, you can use a special detergent for glass and a napkin that does not have a pile. It is important to understand that any dust or vile, if suddenly remains on the surface of the glass, will remain at all under the film, and the type of glass from the inside of the salon will be far from aesthetic.

3. Preparation. The film itself consists of a sticky layer and a protective colorless substrate. First, the glasses should be measured and cut off the desired amount of film with a margin.

4. Now apply to the clean inside of the glass. The film must be positioned so that the substrate is at the bottom. Using the malarious tape, you can perfectly fasten the film on the glass. Make sure that from all sides the film looked at at least 1 cm.

5. Preparation of a special means for removing the adhesive part from the film. For cooking you need to take simple water and liquid soap. The proportion of 20% soap and 80% water. Use shampoo with minimal flavors and additives. Otherwise, these additives will most likely come in chemical. Reactive with a sticking layer than it turns unknown. The resulting solution needs to fill the garden sprayer

6. glue film and smoothed. Carefully remove the protective substrate, keeping the foam only where the edges will not touch the glass. Pour the surface of the glass and the adhesive layer of the film. Now you should attach an armored film with a sticky side to the inner side of the side glass. According to the first film, it will ride over the surface, it is necessary to delete irregularities with a special mini-spatula (it can be changed to a bank card). Simple movements from the center to the edges it is necessary to drive all air bubbles. If this is not done, it is formed bubbles that will be impossible to remove.

7. Drying with a construction dryer. After they have soldered the whole film, it is necessary to carefully dry the hair dryer. It has a high air, and the jet is thinner. Hot film can stretch over the surface. Then make a break for an hour so that the film can cool.

8. Removing superfluous. Initially, it was left at least 1 cm extra, in order for the films to be enough. Now, when she sat down well and cooled, you can crop extra details with the help of a stationery knife. Keep the roar is best at an angle of 45 degrees. It is also desirable to still hold the spatula film.

The final drying lasts far from one day. The highest degree of protection will appear in a month. Based on the experiments, punch the glass, perhaps only with 4-5 shock at one place with a heavy item.

Booking a car film film (video)

Outcome

Thus, the reservation of windshield glasses film wagon protects well not only from the foreign objects flying from under the wheels, but also from possible robbers and vandals. But, as a rule, the owners are starting to think about it only when something like this happens and the glass will be damaged.

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Armored windows or how to secure your home in the 21st century

Armored windows for the house are already beginning to cease to be something unique and inaccessible. Today's realities show that only with their installation can be purchased confidence in the absolute protection of their own housing. On the street 2016, and if you do not want to be a victim of modern offenders, you need to keep up with the times and be aware of the latest security methods. I will try to provide you with enough information for this.

Booking against decisions

Holders of window grids can answer that, they say, they have already adequately taken care of the safety of their homes, and they don't need a costly booking of windows at all. Then I recommend paying attention to the substantial disadvantages of the use of steel barriers, which armored strokes are deprived of:

1. Availability of vulnerable places when trying to hack. As I already mentioned above, now on the courtyard already the 21st century and the attackers are in service not only the lomik and a set of bastards. For example, liquid nitrogen can be used to eliminate steel rods, with which the task will be solved quickly and silently;

1. Lack of protection against bullets. Metal cellular design will not stop the bullet or small fragments. And you know what can happen on the street? Recent sad events in Europe showed that even the most prosperous areas may be in the epicenter of the situation using firearms and explosives;

1. Violation of panoramic view. Even beautiful forged products are not able to completely eliminate the gulling feeling of the fallen steel of the sky;

1. Reduced fire safety. The deaf grilles not only do not let anyone, but also do not produce anyone, which can play a fateful role in the event of a fire or other emergency. And even if the design of a swing type with a lock is used, then, again, in search of the key will also leave precious seconds, and even minutes.

The price of armored windows, though much higher than forged or lattice, but they:

• Not susceptible to haze accessible to most robbers methods;
• Protect not only from penetration, but also from bullets and fragments;

• In no way will affect the panoramic viewsince they have absolute transparency;

• Will not be an obstacle If you need an urgent output through the window.

As you can see, the differences are very significant to think about the possibility of allocating a sufficient amount of funds for the purchase and installation of armored glass windows.

Booking options

There are two ways:

1. Purchase and installation armored glass package;
2. Booking window glass special film.

The first, undoubtedly, more reliable and allows you to achieve maximum security, and the second, but, it will cost cheaper and can even be fulfilled with your own hands, although the process itself is quite complicated. Eating both:

Armored glass

To ensure the absolute inaccessibility of your window, it is definitely necessary to establish a fully armored window, that is, not limited to the increased strength of the glass alone, but to ensure the resistance to the mechanical effects of the frame itself.

Thus, we can talk about the two components of the whole structure:

1. Multilayer glassreinforced by polyvinyl butyral film or pouring polymers;

1. Rama from a multi-chamber profile with wrapped steel inserts. In this case, the appearance of the window is the same as the usual.

When buying such a miracle of modern technologies, ask how protected the junctions of the frame with glass, as they are in this design are the most vulnerable places and must overlap the "filling" of profiles. In the reverse case, the level of protection of the entire glass package can be considered incomplete.

Earlier, the glass was intensified exclusively to the pouring between the polymers between them, now the use of PVB films is acquired. Why? To answer this question, it suffices to make a comparative characteristic of some parameters of finished products:

1. Color:

• • With PVB, complete transparency is guaranteed without the appearance of any shades for ten years;
  • When pouring polymers can manifest itself yellow already in the first operational year as a result of the impact of ultraviolet;

1. Optical distortions:

• With PVB is completely absent;
• When pouring polymers, it is possible if the substance will distribute unevenly;

1. Bundle:

• With PVB is completely absent;
• When pouring over time, due to the weak level of adhesion between polymers and glass;

1. Loss of protective functions:

• With PVB, it does not take at least ten years since the start of operation;
• When pouring gradually carried out;

1. Increase thickness:

• With PVB minimum;
• When pouring tangible.

As a result, I concluded that if you order an armored armor, then only those that are enhanced by a polyvinyl butyral film. The cost of such double-glazed windows depends primarily on the class of protection:

• 2nd class:

• 3rd grade:

• 5th grade:

• Class 5A:

• 6th grade:

• Class 6a:

Booking glass film

Booking windows film, as I already noted above, it costs much cheaper. For example, if you order this service in the relevant company, then you will all with work will cost 1000 rubles per square meter, which is many times cheaper installation of armored glass windows. From snipers, such a barrier, of course, will not save, but from hacking and even fragments completely.

Here is a classification that demonstrates the level of such a method of protection taking into account glass thickness, as well as thickness and quantities of film layers:

Armored film on window glass can be installed independently. The task at first glance does not look very difficult, but in fact it has many "pitfalls", to successfully overcome which it is necessary to have at least some experience.

If you have doubts about whether you can cope with the booking of the glass on your own or not, then better contact your skilled specialists or at least for starters, practice on a small window somewhere in the storage room or in the garage.
Otherwise, you risk simply spoil and the material applied, the value of which begins from three hundred rubles per 1 m 2, and the glass-processed glass package, which will cause your family budget much more damage than paying for hired services.

The same instruction booking glass, which I used, looks like this:

1. Measured Steklo With roulette. The received data added on each side of 10 mm for climbing, but if they are without a frame, it will be enough and 5 mm;

1. Performed calculations in relation to the roll, the standard width of which is 1524 mm;
2. On the Big Table performed the accurate cut canvas;
3. Prepared solution, adding several drops of shampoo in the floor of the distilled water to the floor;
4. Put the cut fragments of the film to the stalksBy checking compliance. In the case of a positive result, I started further operations;
5. The adhesive solution on the glass and carefully cleaned it with a scraper from dirt, after which a special wash removed the remains of foreign particles with a smooth surface;

1. Repeated the procedure several times, having achieved absolute purity. The fact is that entering the smallest grain into the gap between the film and the glass can spoil all the work;
2. Mocked the first fragment of the coating on both sides to prevent dust from entering the adhesive layer and removed the lavsan from it;
3. Then again the scene on the side with the glue and put it to the glass;
4. The outer side also processed the cooked liquid, after which yellow Raquel drove all the water from under the film;

1. Cutting over the edge of the edges with a sharp knife;
2. Removed the remnants;
3. Left the coating drying. During this period, there is so strong connection of film with glass at the molecular level, that they become one of the whole.

Depending on the thickness of the material caused, the time of its complete drying changes:

Conclusion

Metal, wooden and even plastic armored windows will be a reliable guarantee of its safety for your home. If their cost is too high for your family budget, you can stay at the booking of the glass by applying a special protective film. It will be released much cheaper and can also provide a complete level of protection.

The video in this article contains additional information regarding the topic considered. If you have additional questions, please ask them in the comments.

In the preparation of the article, the material from the site Roststeklo.ru was used

For a long time, armored glass has become an integral element of the protection of the house, shop windows, cars from attackers or from an armed attack. Such a design element is very often called transparent armor. Armored glasses have been widely used in the life of an ordinary person, and in power and security structures. Their meaning in the modern world can not be underestimated.

Construction of armored windows

Armored glasses are translucent products that protect people and material property, values \u200b\u200bfrom theft, lesions, damage, and also protected from penetration outside the window opening. The composition of such products includes two elements:

1. Armored glass. It is several layers of transparent glasses, which are glued together with a polymer material, culking under sunlight. The greater the thickness of the product, the higher the level of protection.
2. Frame. It is made of aluminum or steel profile, very rarely made of wood. To give a system of protective properties, it is amplified by thermal steel plates. Such linings must reliably overlap the junction of the frame and glass.

The mass of ready-made armored structures can be more than 350 kg per square meter. This is ten times more than the weight of the usual glass. To compensate for the mass, equipped with electric drives.

Types of armored glasses

Armored glass is classified according to the ability to resist the definite type of destructive impact.

According to this criterion, all designs can be defined in several groups:

1. Windows with anti-vandal protection.
2. Products resistant to hacking.
3. Constructions protecting against firearms.

Automobile protective structures are carried out into a separate group, as special requirements are presented to them. Armored glasses and the requirements for their manufacture are determined by GOST 51136-97 and GOST 51136-2008. Each type of transparent protection is set to protect in specific conditions.

Anti-vandal glass

Anti-vandal windows protect people from fragments when trying to smash it by attackers. They are a multi-layered double-glazed glass with an air chamber, where special on glass is pasted. The film, in turn, is made of plastic of thick cross section. Shards "stick" to it, thanks to which they do not figure out in different directions.

Similar structures are used most often on commercial facilities and in the private sector to protect both windows and doors, as well as exhibition showcases. According to GOST, they are divided into three classes - from A1 to A3, each of which is distinguished by resistance to the impact effects of a certain force.

Hack resistant glass

Hacker-resistant armored glass differs from anti-vandal variety only resistance to destroying effects. Such a product provides protection against multiple blows with a sledgehammer or hammer, can withstand a tranue car. Most often, such designs are used to protect banking institutions, shops, institutions with a large circulation of money, as well as racks for storing drugs.

According to domestic standards, depending on how many strikes can withstand hack resistant glass, it is assigned a class of protection against B1 to B3. The greater the number of shocks with a stupid or sharp object withstands the design, the higher the class.

Punching glasses

The bulletproof glass provides protection against through breaks through bullets or their fragments. They are reinforced multilayer structures bonded by a special polymer material. Similar structures are established at objects where high risk of armed attack: in the departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, in the posts of protection, checkpoints and other similar places.

Punching glasses are divided into classes of protection from B1 to B6a. Tests of structures are carried out by various types of firearms - from the Makarov pistol and the Kalashnikov machine to the sniper rifle of Dragunov. During the tests, bullets of various masses and with a steel, thermoproprotte or special core are applied.

Armored glass for car

In the car, reinforced side rear and windshields are installed. Their main distinguishing feature is the service life. If the standard armored window is able to serve several tens of years, then the products for the car serves no more than 5-6 years. This is due to the characteristics of the loads that glasses are subjected daily.

Such translucent armored elements are a multilayer glass, which is additionally reinforced with a shockproof film. Some of them, in addition to protection against disposable fragments, protect against ultraviolet radiation. Often, windshches are covered with a thicker film, rather than the side and rear.