Tool of longitudinal twisting with their own hands. How to make a snail for cold forging

1. Stamping, forging and bending
2. Machines and snap for cold forging
3. Twisters
4. Snails
5. How to build curls?
6. Torsion
7. Wave and Zigzag

Looking for fences, gates and wickets, as in Fig., At home, it is clearly not an elite class, a person who has a certain idea of \u200b\u200bthe equipment of the forge and the nature of the work there, may think: where do they have money so much? In a more knowledgeable in black craft, such a question will not arise: these beauty, as well as the metal decor of furniture, light garden buildings, swings, benches, etc., created by a cold forging method.

Cold artistic forging prices are available, because production costs and initial costs of equipment are small, and labor productivity is not bad for handicraft conditions. Consequently, IP-Kuznets, specializing in artistic cold forging, can count on a fairly fast start and good profitability. Perhaps one of the owners of the samples in Fig. I did my own: a cold forging with your own hands is performed in a garage or a barn without experience, and forged parts for small pieces of furniture, balaasine, mangals and any other metallic utensils, (see for example. Fig. Right), can be done even in home Conditions.

The basis of the "cold forge" - a machine for cold forging. For a full production cycle that can satisfy any imaginable fantasies or customer, machines will need 5-7 species, 3-5 major of which can be made with their own hands. However, at first, before spending on the machine or materials for him, it is very desirable to master the beginning of a blacksmith. Therefore, some of the techniques for the manufacture of artistic forging parts without a machine and a snap for them will also be considered, which can be quickly made from undergraduate materials.

Stamping, forging and bending

So what is it - a cold forging? It differs from stamping by the fact that the metal under the influence of the working body almost does not flow or flowing weakly. Take a look at the beer can either, allow, aluminum or tin teapot. They are squeezed by one blow of a punching press; kettle, etc. Products of complex shape - composite sliding punch. It is impossible to get the necessary for the creation of such a high pressure, the working force at home is impossible, except for one case, see below.

From the hot forging is cold different, it is clear that the workpiece is not pre-heated. Actually cold forging, which is a forging, it is a stall (stamp) details of a long series of regular blows of a certain force. The structure of the metal is significantly changing: the hardness of the surface layer increases, and the core provides a general viscosity and strength on the break. Masters-shustaries - tools and gunsmiths - literally hunt for buffers and wheeled bands of railway cars, slices of rails.

Drawings of the machine-snail for art forging with the specification of parts are given in fig. We will talk about the size of the links (segments) of the folding LEMERA further, but for now pay attention to the stamps: there are heavy loads on the lemch. If you make it from ordinary structural steel, the template will behave in the middle of the wicket or section of the fence.

Note: More detailed drawings of the machine-snail of a similar design with a description and detail, see the link: http://dwg.ucoz.net/publ/osnastka/instrument_dlja_kholodnoj_kovki/5. There you will find the drawings of homemade bent and fixtures for bending rings.

Material for folding swivel lyme, as well as the complexity of its manufacture - not the only weak points of the machine-snail with a gate. More seriously, the problem of the joint links of the LEMERA (shown in red arrows in fig. Right). The articulations of the segments of the lemis should:

To fulfill all these conditions together is difficult and in well-established and equipped industrial production, so the resources of folding patterns for cold forging are generally less than allowed their material in itself. Poor use of material properties is a serious drawback. In addition, for the same reasons, the other weak point of a snail machine with a gate is an eccentric clip part. Therefore, homemade snail-machine machines for artistic forging, made by lever scheme, are more successful.

Snail with lever

The lever snail for cold forging is arranged similarly to all known pipe bending. A homemade lever-type snail machine with a fixed pattern in terms of performance is significantly inferior to a snail with a gate. The workload in it is fully transmitted to the base, so a durable bed is needed from the specialty or a thick plate of steel conventional, reliably fixed on the supporting surface. As a result, premises are required under the workshop or production area outdoors. Work on the lever snail is moving slowly: Turning the lever before the jamming, you need to move the pressure roller. Crop on lever snail is possible up to 3-4 turns. Nevertheless, the advantages of a snail lever for homemade masters are significant, especially when working for themselves:

• All parts, except for the presser roller, can be made of conventional steel.
• As a presser roller, it is possible to use a typical roller bearing.
• The use of the properties of the material of the parts is almost complete: the template and the bed of conventional steel withstand more than 1000 working cycles.
• You can be a bend as a pattern (pos. 1 in Fig. Below) and for spacevings, pos. 2 there.

In addition, the snail lever machine allows you to use the technological method, considered the prerogative of industrial twister machines: the template is shifted by the Block, and in the center put a spacer, pos. 3 in fig. This turns out fine reverse bending in the core of the curl. The item looks more spectacular and, when working for sale, the product is valued more expensive.

There is a lever snatch another pretty fat plusion: on such a machine you can bend flat curls with a small kernel from the strip, laid by plastics. Snail with a gate and a swivel lemene goes in full: the billet will go vertical wave. Wide curls and rings from the strip of the plastics can be bent on the extended bending machine with rolls, in which the grooves are flowing, see Fig. on right. But the bar speed so that the workpiece does not behave, for this you need significant, so the narrow core curl will not work.

On the snail lever, this problem is solved by installing the clamping roller in the thickness of the strip and with a flabeling (corporate), like a railway wheel, only wider. Bending this method takes a lot of time: the lever must be served in a little bit, otherwise the inner edge of the workpiece will cry; It does not save from this waist. But it is impossible to obtain the curl of the strip of the band with a narrow core in handicraft production.

In general, at the start of forging and artistic activities or making forged fence, gates, a gate, bench, swing, gazebo, etc. Arrangement of the garden for themselves, It is still better to use a snail lever-sniffer for cold forging. Moreover, it is possible to make it from the girlfriend without precise and detailed drawings, see for example. Next video.

Video: Machine for art forging with their own hands

How to build curls?

Sketches of curls for art forging on the Internet are sufficient, but when trying to fit their sizes to the required for itself, it turns out that the product is entertaining due to a minor violation of proportions. Therefore, it is also desirable to be able to build forging curl patterns, obviously possessing aesthetic advantages.

Templates for cold forging of artistic curls - wolves - are built on the basis of mathematical spirals. Most often used logarithmic spiral; This is one of the widespread natural forms expressing the fundamental laws of nature. The logarithmic spiral is also found in the shell-mollusk sink, and in our hearing aid, and in the form of a violin key in a note record; In the chemical of the violin itself too.

The principle of constructing the logarithmic spiral by points is that when the resulting of its radius is rotated, starting with a certain initial R0, the fixed angle is multiplied by the discrepancy rate of the spiral p. For wolly P take, as a rule, not more than 1.2, because The logarithmic spiral diverges (spinning) very quickly; on pos. In fig. For example, the logarithmic helix with p \u003d 1.25 is shown. To easily build a spiral at points with accuracy sufficient for forge work, take? \u003d 45 degrees.

In the case when a more dense arithmetic spiral is required, when the resulting radius is rotated to the same 45 degrees to the previous radius, 1/8 steps of spiral S, pos. B. In the other case, R0 is taken equal to or large diameter D of the blank of uniform cross section, posges A. If the initial end of the workpiece is pointed, R0 may be less than D, up to the limit of plasticity of the metal.

It remains to decide how to lay a visually harmonious spiral with the size of the outright a given for it. To solve this problem analytically, i.e. According to formulas with any accuracy defined, the cubic and higher degrees will have to be solved. Computer programs for numerical technical calculation are not detected on the Internet, therefore, we will use the approximate method, allowing you to do with one worker and, possibly, one check graphical construction. It is based on the assumption that with small p amounts R2 + R6 and R4 + R8 do not differ strongly. Step-by-step algorithm of building Volutes for a forging template from here follows:

1. based on the cash material, we determine R0;
2. the number of turns of Volute W We take according to the principle: how God puts on the soul of the left back of his beloved cat;
3. taking advantage of the data of the table in Fig., Calculate the scraping Volute b such that it is slightly less than the width of the opening under it A, see pos. R;
4. calculate the working initial radius R by the formula for pos. R;
5. we build a voltage profile at the point;
6. if necessary, accurately adjust R by the same formula and build a working template profile finally.

Note: If you calculate intermediate values \u200b\u200bon the table, do not forget - they need to be taken in geometric proportion!

Torsion

You can twist for artistic forging rods with a screw without a machine without a machine, see fig. on right. So that the workpiece does not be rejected at the root (squeezed in the vice) of the end, the end of the guide tube, the end of the guide tube must be substituted with a wooden chumbach or something like it with a V-neck at the top; The pipe is better to grab a clamp to this support, and the stand is fixed on the workbench. The pipe must be shorter of the workpiece and on inside about 1.5 times wider than its largest diameter, because The workpiece when twisting is tightened and linked.

The torsion machine for cold forging makes it possible to increase productivity and improve the quality of the parts obtained. The working force in it is transmitted to the support to a large extent, so the bed is needed durable, in the form of a ridge frame from a dioxide from 100 mm or a pair of welded chapels of the same size; Profiter will seem to deform. On the supporting surface, the bed must be securely secured using a paw from the same profile welded to its ends. 1 in fig.

The workpiece is a square bar - held by mandrel-cartridges with sockets also square; They are visible in the same place. 1. Because The rod when twisting is reduced by length, the cartridges in the spindle and the backstone must be securely fixed with screw clips. For the same reason, the rear grandmother is performed sliding. For the possibility of twisting individual sections of the workpiece, a sliding limiter with an insert with a square hole is also used.

If you want to make only a fence for yourself or something smaller, you can build a torsion machine from scrap and girlfriend, pos. 2. On the other machine in principle, you can also receive filaments in principle by putting a bunch of 4-rods twice as smaller. But do not think that a good lantern or a basket will be able to do, just like a backstock lever. It turns out something like the fact that on the insertion in the pos. 1 and 2. The blacksmiths call such incidents in the word well known, but in the literary speech is not used. Filament branches When twist it in a simple torsion machine, it is necessary to breed styling with a hand tool, which is difficult and does not provide proper quality of work.

Beautiful filaments (pos. 3) twisted on torsion machines with the rear-hearted and screw feed spindle, pos. 4. And now let's go back to Fig. With the types of machines at the beginning, to pos. 2 on it. See the thing, marked with a green exclamation mark? This is a shift spindle. Included 2: smooth for a spiral twist along the long axis of the billet and screw to twist the filaments. In such a design, the bed is welded from a pair of channels with a longitudinal gap, and a shoe with a threaded hole for a locking screw is welded to the backstone. The shoe is needed with a sole of 100x100, because Fixing the backstone in the Filament Filament mode and only partly with a jamming: the locking screw gives only an initial clamping force.

About the electric drive Torsion

Work on the torsional machine with a manual spindle tedious. But the main thing - the stable quality of products is like on the pos. 3 Fig. With torsion machines, it is even harder to achieve. Cause - It is difficult for hands to create a rotational moment uniform in a circle, like any other lever drive. Therefore, a torsion machine for cold forging is just the case when the use of an electric drive is justified in spite of everything. The best option from the undergraduate materials - the semi-axle of the leading bridge of the rear-wheel drive car with a toothed pair from the differential from there, see fig. on right; Do not forget only about the protective casing! Motor - by 1.5-3 kW and no more than 900 rpm. Other design options are possible, see for example. roller:

Video: Homemade Electric Machine for Cold Forging

Spiral like a spiral

In some cases, as an element of artistic forging is used by ordinary smooth straight rising spirals. Make for this spring machine-twister is absolutely unrealistic. But remember: spirals in a wrought pattern spring should be sprinkled from ordinary plastic steel with a simple device (see Fig. Right). Step (climbing) Spiral is determined by the horn of the gate (chopped red); Flexing the horn up-down, you can get the spirals of portion and a walk. The square bar is taken on the workpiece or round, indifferent. You can also have a spiral from the rod twisted at the torsion.

Wave and Zigzag

Now we have a tool and snap-in for the wave and gloy-shaped bending of long blanks. Mentioned at the beginning of the Gnutka and a long-pressing bending machine with their own hands are not played. In addition, the first allows you to adjust a step and a profile in relatively small limits, and the second roads. However, the universal brewing machine is still done with their own hands on the pattern of what is left in fig. Obtain only rollers, they must be from chromium or instrumental steel; The rest is the simple structural, on the brackets and the arc need a sheet (band) from 8 mm. Limiters are installed in the arc, allowing precisely to withstand the wave profile, but the workloads to it are transmitted to a large extent; Actually, the arc provides transverse stiffness of the structure.

It is only smooth, but very diverse, waves can be added to a snail machine with a rotary lemene gate for the waves, on the right in Fig. The handles are used for the same, because They are screwed into the threaded sockets on the gate head. The root (central) roller is preferably made separate and put on the face bolts with heads. In such a case, putting the rollers of different diameters (diameters), it is possible to form the waves of an alternating and asymmetrical profile. And if the bypass roller is stopped (for which a row of holes are checked in its drill), you can change the wave step in a fairly wide limits.

About connecting elements and painting

Forged parts need to be assembled into a single composition. The simplest way is the welding and subsequent burning of the seams with a grinder with a slut: it is thicker with a cutting (6.5 mm) and withstand bending efforts. But the compounds of shaped clamps look much more effectively, their stamps from the strip from 1.5 mm on the inertial stamp; You can also quickly and without experience to roll in hot, see below. The harvesting of the clamp is made in the form of a P-shaped bracket on the mandrel into the size of the parts connected and the wings bend from the rear on the spot with a large plumbing hammer or a sledge hammer of 1.5-2 kg in cold. The finished product is typical, as a rule, for black enamels or acrylic paints for metal. Enamel with a cousin patina pigment is more expensive, but better: dried, they are the colors of the noble somewhat under the old days, do not peel, do not burn out, wear and heat-resistant

How to bypass stone

Those. Stumbling stone in all of the above: shaped lugs of the rod; Without them, the fence is not a fence, the gate is not a gate and the wicket is not gate. Inertial stamping press (pos. 3 in Fig. With the types of machine tools) roads, but effective. He works on the principle of the flywheel: first, smoothly rotating the rocker (barbell with loads), weigh the screws back to the stop. Then inserts a replacement stamp into the nest, put the workpiece. Next, they quickly spin the rocker in the opposite direction (this is the case attendant!) And leave him freely rotate - the work move went. At the end of him, the battle is very hurting a stamp shank; Due to the inertia of goods, an effort is developing sufficient for stamping.

The loads, especially the drums, in the inertial stamping machine are large, fall on small areas, and the accuracy of the manufacture of its parts is needed high, so it is better to make it better and do not attempt. It is possible to make a manual rolling mill, see fig. On the right, but only partially: rolls from the specialties, trees and bearing sleeves will have to be ordered, and gears buy or search for used. You can only get the goose foot and leaf (spear) on such a cart (spear), and on their cervix it will immediately be seen that this is a machine work.

Meanwhile, the same, and some others, the tips of the rod can be reached with a hot way, not being an experienced blacksmith. A good, obviously handmade tip-leaf is just a sledgehammer and a hammer, and a forging stamp (stamp) for the paws is made from the unsuitable file, in which the grooves are selected with a grinder. For a forge for this need? For episodic shallow work is not at all necessary; The main thing is to warm the metal. A propane burner is not suitable, heating should be uniform on all sides and without a facing. So, we come to the conclusion that cold and hot forging do not exclude each other: to get high-quality products using simple machines to get high-quality products, it will not even even hurt them in addition to them a small blacksmith horn of girlfriend.

If a land plot is purchased, be it a house or cottage, a question of the execution of the site always stands. One of the most beautiful and showing self-sufficiency and good taste of the host of jewelry are forged products. It can be like just a wrought brass, as well as whole compositions from forged products.

From forged metal, you can make an amazing gazebo, perfectly fit into any interior bench, staircase. Forged making fences (fences), even balconies. You can make a railing on the porch.

All this beauty can be done today, it is not difficult, as it may seem at first glance. The fact is that these things can be created without resorting to the services of the forge. Cold forged machines can be used right at home. And the photo forging clearly illustrate the results.

Types forging machines

Special machines are used for cold forging. Moreover, for each curl or bending, you need your own machine for cold hand forging. They are:

• With manual drive;
• With electrical drive.

The first use when it comes to small amounts of work. They are easier to create. The minus they are low performance. Drawings Machine for forging with their own hands will show the entire process of their assembly.

The second will be needed if we are talking about the streaming production of forged products. They and productivity are much higher, and do not need to apply physical effort - the drive is carried out by an electric motor.

Those who only make the first steps in the manufacture of forged things, makes sense to start with such a machine, which is called "snail". Snail for forging with their own hands will be an excellent helper when the wicket and benches are isolated.

If the first steps are passed and there is an interest to develop the selected direction, you need to move to the mastering of the torsion machine. With it, it is possible to use not template approaches to the execution of forged products. Your things will acquire individuality - you can diversify the products produced.

Stages of cold forging

Although the process of making forged things is very capturing, it must be remembered that this process should be performed in a certain sequence.

To understand the sequence of technological actions, you need to know the forging stages or forging elements with their own hands:

• Draft.
• Broach
• Firmware.

The sediment is necessary to increase the existing metal blank on the side by reducing the height. It is performed under rather high pressure.

Broach gives a reduction in cross section, increases length. The workpiece must be heated, then "go" with a hammer.

The firmware is called the creation of holes inside the workpiece. Holes in the billet can be made different in size and diameter.

Distinguish the firmware:

• Open;
• Closed.

After the stages of precipitate and broach the structure of the thing becomes more fragile. It is important in the future to take into account and be extremely neat when working with a product, since a thing can just break.

Step-by-step instruction for forging

All forged things can be made with your own hands right at home. Special patterns will not be performed, however, all the basic elements can be performed by itself. It is important to comply with all stages and technology.

Distinguish several technological stages:

• Check all calculations. Even minor inaccuracies can spoil the entire end result. Fix errors will be very hard, and often it is impossible.
• Assembling decorative composition.
• Mounting elements between themselves are welding. However, it is important to remember that it can damage small decorative elements.
• Processing of the resulting product - by grinding and painting all the product.

Lack of cold forging

The only drawback of the cold forging is the impossibility of correcting the error in the process. If the workpiece is spoiled, then it will have to be thrown away at best in scrap metal, or leave for memory and use for workout in the future.

The entire meaning of the cold forging is that the metal is not heated, but bended by processing in the "cold" form. This is how the desired form of metal is attached.

The plus of cold forging is the lack of need for special equipment, as well as the lack of need to use fire hazardous equipment, the manufacturer's conditions are acceptable for any person with any health. No use of high-temperature modes is required.

Photo forging do it yourself

Cold plastic deformation of metals and alloys - a convenient method of obtaining spatial structures and profiles in the household. After all, flexible as a pressure processing process - the operation is not energy-intensive, but, therefore, does not require driving equipment. For flexible strips and rods (in the spaciousness called the nutication for a cold forging with their own hands) is structurally simple and may well be manufactured independently.

In a cold condition, three basic ways can be made (the schemes are shown in Fig. 1.a, 1.b):

1. Free, defined only by the progress of the instrument.
2. According to the rest, both in the horizontal and vertical direction.
3. Rotating rolls.

The last method is used only when flexible sheet metal sheets and in everyday practice is used very rarely. In addition, the device of such a machine, even simple, will require a lot of free place in the domestic workshop.

Free bending (see Fig. 1.A) applies more often. If there is a blacksmithing anvil or vice for its implementation, there is no need for a special snap: it is enough to install a strip or rod into the gap between sponges and sequential blows of the hammer to get the desired gib's angle. However, such a flexible technology is applicable more for the rough bending of the metal, because even on steel blanks, the loading application of the load leaves on the surface of the workpiece unwanted traces - dents or potholes. In addition, a fixed transition radius from the vertically located groove of an anvil or gap between sponges to the main working plane of the tool eliminates the adjustment of the bending radius, which is often necessary. Another disadvantage of free flexibility is that the elastic properties of the workpiece metal are not taken into account. We are talking about the coal of spring - the elastic sequence of the material, which is expressed in spontaneous decrease in the initially specified angle of bending. In this case, the spring radius is a parameter that depends on the material of the bent billet. Therefore, he should be taken into account even before bending. The manual refinement of the final angle "on the eye" does not contribute to the quality of the finished product, and it makes it difficult for the subsequent assembly of the design, in the diagram of which the bent items are present.

Bending on the restraint is the most perfect from a technological point of view. The method of cold bending of blanks is a relatively small width. The principle of such a flexibility lies in the fact that the initial strip or rod of the metal is placed in a special device where there are fixators of the parallelism of the workpiece, as well as the stroke limiters. Since such a tool can be replaceable, and its move is relatively simply regulated, then this method of cold bending at home is the most appropriate. The scheme of the method is presented in Fig. 1.B.

Thus, for high-quality cold bending billets, an easy fixture is required, called cold forged cuckle. It is compact enough and can be installed on any plumbing workbench.

Bottics and sequence of work on it

Construction of the device Consider on the example, which is shown in Fig. 2. The simplest device for cold forging consists of

The grounds fixed on the table / workbench regarding the moving leash, which produces flexible;

Lever moving leash;

Limba with a direction of corner angles of the lever;

Replaceable rollers having different angles of the Hiba;

Adjustable gaskets and clamping sponges fixing the item in a certain position.

The sequence of the manufacture of the nutication for cold forging is as follows. The device is attached to the table / workbench, or installed on it. For flexible metals that require considerable effort, the device is better to fix it stationary, for which the holes are provided in the reference corner. In a rectangular steel frame, the internal surfaces of which must be polished, the slider is placed. On the top plane, the slider sets the following details:

1. A replaceable punch, on the working surface of which there are all the most frequently used options of the gibery: on the radius, on the arc, with direct flexibility, etc.
2. The lever, with which you can produce a reciprocating slider.
3. Stroke limit drivers in the frame of the device.

By installing a replaceable tool, the bolts are attached to the frame to the reference surface of the bent, after which two rollers are installed on the upper plane. It is better if the rollers will be able to longitually move along the frame: this will allow producing billets of various thickness or diameter. For this purpose, the fastening of the rollers perform an oval shape, calculating on a certain range of changes in the thickness of the workpiece. The axis of the rollers should allow free rotation: this will reduce the flexible force and will exclude the clamp of the rollers when the products are bent off the more durable metals.

To increase the accuracy of bending in the manufacture of a forging tool on a supporting corner, a leb is often installed with divisions, graduated in the gibe angles (taking into account the metal spring).

Signing the workpiece, gradually move the lever before approaching with the workpiece, then adjust its location between the rollers and the slider and bent for obtaining the desired angle. To facilitate the process of returning the slider in the original position, it can be provided with a return spring. Her effort is selected from accounting 20-25% of the flexible effort. This effort can be installed either by the existing dynamometer, or using approximate dependence:

P \u003d 0.25bsσ in, where:

b - the strip width (or the diameter of the rod);

S is the thickness of the bending material;

σ B is the limit of the time resistance of the workpiece material (see table):

Thus, the functionality of the bench will be determined by the presence of replaceable punches, the possibility of regulating the position of the workpiece before flexible, as well as the dimensional scale setting the angle of the gib.

Hibel quality on homemade bent

This factor is determined by:

• Perhaps more accurate springs. It is believed that high-plate metals and alloys are believed (they include aluminum class blood pressure, copper M0 and M1, as well as low-carbon steel grades) have a spring coefficient in the range of 4-8%, and steel with a higher percentage of carbon (over 0.20 -0.25%), as well as most brass differ in spring to 10-15%;
• The initial hardness of the material of the workpiece. An impeded metal will practically be lit. while steel / alloy after hardening or preliminary deformation (editing, training, drawing, etc.) can increase its elastic indicators by 20-40%;
• Quality of cleaning the surface of the billet from rust, scale and other surface contaminants.

If the vacation vacation is not possible, then the flexible is performed for a larger angle, thus taking into account the elastic characteristics of the metal.

The value is also pre-commissioning of the gnutka, for example, the absence of backlash during the movement of the lever, the reliability of the installation and fixation of the replaceable punch, the roughness of the roller material.

If you need to obtain more accurate information about the design of the device or in order to make it with your own hands, you can use the drawing of a device designed for a rod bending (see Fig.3).

The alteration of the reduced tool for flexible is also lanes and sheet blanks are simple: it is sufficient to increase the height of the rollers 14 and increase the length of the rotary lever 2.

Video design of homemade bent away here:

The manufacture of this device for and alloys allows to increase the nomenclature of independently manufactured products, improve their quality and reduce the laboriousness of the work.

One of the ways to decorate the plots is to use forged products. Fences, benches, gazebos, railings for stairs and other similar structures are very decorative. Moreover, in most cases, these products are not a forging in its traditional understanding. Most often, this is not done in the forge and not with the help of a hammer and anvil, but using some devices that allow you to create a variety of patterns and products from metal strips and square rods. For the manufacture of such products, cold forging machines will be required. Some of them can be made with your own hands more easier to buy.

Fences, railings for stairs and balconies - can also be made with your own hand rails for the porch - decoration, and not exclusively utilitarian device

What devices are used

For cold forging, various curls, bends, twisted rods, etc. are characterized. Almost under each species make on a separate device - a specific machine. The drive can be manual, and maybe electrical. For small volumes "for themselves" use manual machines for cold forging. Though they are not particularly productive, but much easier to manufacture. If it is necessary to put the production of "on stream" make similar devices, but already with electric motors. In this case, it is physically almost no need to work, but the complexity of the manufacture of the device increases at times. In our material we will talk about the handmade machines for cold forging.

What devices use:

• Torsion. With their help, tetrahedral rods or metal strips are twisted in the longitudinal direction. It turns out twisted columns that are called still torsion.

  

• Flashlight. On this device, the rods in the longitudinal direction also twist, only further bend it in the transverse direction. It turns out something similar to the flashlight. Hence the name of the device.

  

  So make a "flashlight"

• Twisters or snails. Form flat curls of different diameters.

  

  Device for cold forging snail - for the formation of curls

• Bending machines or bent. Allow you to bend the rods or fittings at the desired angle anywhere.

  

  For bend anywhere and any angle - Bottics (bending machines)

• Wave. In fact, it is also a bent, but a more complex design - it allows you to change the direction of bending, getting wave-like parts.

  

  Machine "Wave" - \u200b\u200bto form an appropriate relief

• Devices for the processing of the ends of parts - inertia-stamping machines or other self-made devices.

  

  Machines for registration of the ends of the rods. In this case, the goose paw

For a novice master, the most relevant machine for cold forging is snail. Only with it can make many interesting things - ranging from the fence and wicket and ending with a bench and other similar products. In second place in the degree of need torsion machine. He adds diversity to the details. All others can be purchased or done as the skill improves and set.

Homemade "snails"

In essence, it is upgraded), but these improvements make it easy to make curls of rather thick rods (cross-section of up to 10-12 mm) and repeat them with a high degree of accuracy.

Constructions These cold forging machines have several, but the easiest way to implement an option with a round table, which has a central leg. A lever with rollers on bearings on the end is moving towards the leg. They facilitate the process of bending.

The surface of the table can be made of a steel sheet with a thickness of 10 mm and more. For the leg, you can use any thick-walled round tube. It is important to make a stable design, since lateral efforts will be attached, therefore, the side racks, struts, as well as a steady base.

Drawing of the machine for cold forging "Snail"

The lever is easier to do from a square tube with a thick wall - no less than 2-3 mm. Pipe section 25 * 40 mm or so. The fastening of the lever to the leg can be made on the bearing, and you can simply take a small piece of a thick-walled pipe of a larger diameter, put it on the leg, and the bottom of the strip is stopped below - so that the lever does not fall down. The option with the bearing gives a lighter movement, but if there is a lubricant and the second option.

Another form of the lever is important. The lever is double, the upper part is the working, lower - reference. Wherever there are compounds, it is advisable to draw the gain, as significant efforts.

A mandrel or conductor is fixed on the table - the form on which curls bend. Make them of different diameters - so that you can make different curls on the diameter. Such mandrels can be teams - to form a larger amount of bends. In each such sample, there must be rods that are installed in the holes in the table. So this template is fixed. Also, its form should be designed with such accounting so that the end of the rod in it is well fixed.

Often, the mandrels are pulled out of a metal circle of a suitable diameter with the help of a grinder, but there are variants from a metal with steel on it with steel plates, curved accordingly.

How to make a similar machine for cold forging - in the next video. There, it is not bad for the method of bringing the ends of the workpiece to a decent state - ordinary raw edges look very rude. For their processing there are special equipment, but, as it turned out, you can cope without it.

Torsion machine

As already told these cold forged machines allow you to make longitudinal bends on the rod. This is a relatively simple design. The main task is to secure the stationary one end of the rod, to the second to attach the lever, with which it will be possible to twist the workpiece.

The base is suitable for a profiled pipe with a thick wall (at least 3 mm). The retainer can be welded from the same rods, leaving the square clearance of the desired diameter. You can use the clip for the cable of the appropriate size (you can find in the hardware store). Any of these stops are welded to the ground.

Cable Holder - Excellent Lock for Rod

Next, it is necessary to somehow ensure the capture and twisting of the second part of the workpiece. You can do this with two bearing nodes. The pipe of a suitable diameter is inserted into the tube, on one side the handle is welded to it - the design resembles the letter "T". On the other hand, the plumbing is done in the pipe: the four holes are drilled, nuts under 12 or 14 bolts are screwed into them. As a result, it turns out a good retainer - the bolts are spinning after the bar inserted.

An even easier machine for making torsions by the method of cold forging in the next video.

Video about homemade fixtures and cold forging machines

Any master, drawing up a homework, acquires a minimum set of tools and accessories. But, as a rule, the simplest technological operations with metal blanks are made only at the first stage.

With the acquisition of experience with the "iron", a desire also appears, and the need to engage in artistic forging is both a home decoration, and an additional income. Unfortunately, the machine for giving samples of a spiral shape is a snail - it is practically not found on sale. Anyway, but the home masters, as a rule, make it with their own hands. Features of self-constructing and assembling snail for cold forging is the topic of this article.

Features snail

The author specifically decided to draw the attention of the reader to a number of moments. This will help further avoid some errors. For example, having understood with a snail device and the principle of its functioning, someone will want to collect their own fixture, different from those whose drawings will be presented below.

Such a device is quite (if we are talking about the equipment, made with your own hands), will allow you to bend samples with a cross section (side of the square) not more than 10-12 mm. Measures the model of snail with "manual control". With the more overall samples in everyday life, almost no one has. The machine can be improved by installing the drive and e / motor.

But how much is rational for a small home forge?

• Cold forging is carried out at low speeds. A sharp change in the geometry of the metal leads to the appearance of cracks (breaks).
• It will be necessary not only to select the power of the email, but also the gear ratio of the gearbox. Plus to this - mount the scheme of automation with the installation of the corresponding elements (buttons, a starter, and so on). All this greatly complicates the manufacture of the machine.

Conclusion - for home forge enough snail, with the help of which it is possible to begotten metal by manually. The one who will understand with all the nuances of its design and at least something understands the electrical engineering, will be able to independently install an email / drive on it.

Manufacture of snail

Several devices are shown in the picture. Approximately so (based on) and should turn out.

As a hand assembly with your own hands is one of the options for self-design, when to make recommendations, indicating the exact parameters of all components does not make sense. Here you need to focus on your own idea of \u200b\u200bwhat and how to bend (radii, number of spiral turns and so on). But if the essence of the manufacturing process becomes clear, then the assembly of difficulties will not cause.

Desktop device.

The process of cold forging requires a lot of effort. If you already have a ready workh, then you may have to strengthen it. In the manufacture of a snail from scratch, the table frame is made only with a metal - a channel, a corner, a thick-walled pipe.

It is clear that the tabletop must also be metallic. In the process of work snail, it will be subjected to both static and dynamic loads. Consequently, the usual iron sheet does not fit. Only a stove, and at least 4 mm.

Marking and installation of "attached" equipment

Perhaps the most creative stage of work. You can do everything with your own hands. But how, taking into account the prospects or limited by the production of the same type of samples?

Option 1. The easiest. The meaning of the operation is that the contour of the helix is \u200b\u200bdrawn on the tabletop.

In fact, it is a sketch of future curly details, for example, from a bar. After that, enough of the thick strip iron, bent along the radius, cut several segments. They are welded to the tabletop, and the mechanism for bending is based on its ready.

Someone more attractive will seem such execution - with a solid strip.

But practice shows that it is more difficult to work with such a snail. For example, when a finished product, a certain difficulty will arise from it.

Option 2. The same, but several contours are drawn. Along everyone drill holes in which the thread is cut. It remains only to prepare templates for the stop segments. They do them, as a rule, from dense cardboard or plywood.

For them from metal, linings are made in which after the next markup, the holes that match the landing "sockets" in the stove are also drilled. This design will allow on the same table to organize the production of spiral blanks with different radii. It will only have, depending on the shape of the bend, set the appropriate segments in certain places. Their fastening is bolted. You can enter differently. Instead of these stops to put cylindrical.

For fixation, they are attracted by bolts (from the bottom of the plate) or are made immediately with legs (+ thread) and screwed into the worktop. It is much more convenient to them. And if there is own, then pull it out - it's a couple of hours.

Option 3. Prepare several removable modules that change as needed.

Assembling snail

LEMEH is installed, levers are attached, lateral emphasis. All this is clearly visible in the drawings.

Everything is in the shed (garage, in the attic) - trimming pipes, rod, corner and the like. If the principle of work snail is clear, no prompts are required.

Checking performance

It is always meant, so without comment.

In principle, make a snail for cold forging is not so difficult. Moreover, there is no single standard on such devices. Someone will say - is it easier to buy a factory model? First, as already mentioned, I will have to search for a long time. Secondly, it is not a fact that her capabilities coincide with the fantasies of the master. Thirdly, you will have to alleviate the wallet about 19,000 (manual) and 62,000 (electrical model) rubles, at a minimum.

Successes in the manufacture of snail with their own hands!