Homemade lamps for kitchen and hallway. Beautiful plaffones for chandeliers made with their own hands: Step-by-step master class (photo)

House decoration on their own favorite occupation of many hostesses, this article reveals how to make a lamp with their own hands. You can revitalize the interior of the living room, bedroom or hallway with the help of a primary means, only by changing the chandelier chandeliers, flooring or desktop lamp. Plafones for lamps made by their own hands can be used not only in a residential interior, but also in the halls of the cafe, pubs, pizzerias.

Choosing materials and lamps for lamp

Products made for children's rooms must be made of natural non-toxic materials and painted with environmental colors.

In the manufacture, it should also be remembered for fire safety, so the flames from combustible materials made of paper, plastic, feathers or threads should be used only with lamps that have a small heating temperature.

You need to use LED or fluorescent lamps. They have a number of advantages:

• large service life;
• minimal heating base with glass part;
• the light has three shades: warm, cold, neutral.

In addition, such lamps are also called energy-saving, their only disadvantage can be called high cost.

It is also desirable that the wire connection to the baseman produced a specialist. No need to try to independently perform this operation, as this may lead to undesirable consequences. It is more convenient to decorate the already existing frame frame or make it from durable and not very heavy materials.

The following materials are used to create lamps: scissors, mounting knife, fishing line, wire, pliers, hot gun, in some cases can be replaced with super-glue. They should be used by an adult, a child to attract to gluing is unacceptable. Since in one case it will get a burn, and in the other you can glue my fingers or stick to the details of the future product.

What can make a ceiling?

Many craftsmen make lamps from very unnecessary materials:

• from plastic or glass bottles;
• newspapers, fine or colored paper;
• artificial or natural threads;
• dried branches of an unusual form;
• disposable spoons;
• old disks.

Plastic lamp

From plastic containers of different volumes, a homemade chandelier is easily obtained.

1. For the base, you need to take a bottle of 5 liters. The bottom is cut off from it. Then the surfaces are drawn with a diameter of 1.5 cm. They need to be cut by mounting knife or small scissors.
2. From bottles for the decor, the bottom is cut off and the entire surface is cut by scissors on the strip of 0.5 - 1 cm wide, then the billet is heated above the burning burner. Under the influence of heat, the band will acquire a chaotic look.
3. Then in 5 liter containers with holes insert blanks, and the covers are screwed from the inside. Then through a large neck, the wire is taking place and a plane is installed. For such a ceiling, you need to use an energy-saving lamp.
4. In some interiors, you can find a fancy lamp made on the basis of the usual hanger or straw hats. In general, to limit the scope of fantasy both homemade masters and professional designers can nothing.

Glass bottles

A very interesting option of a homemade chandelier is obtained from glass bottles. They are used to decorate the halls of food enterprises. It is also a good option for the kitchen in a residential building or apartment. It may be a plafof consisting of one or more bottles, which are cut down the bottom. You can do this on your own, but it is better to use the services of the workshop where the glass and mirrors are cut.

How to use threads

For lampshar of thread or ribbon, you will need: ready-made frame of durable wire, threads of different colors, scissors, glue.

1. The frame consists of two rings, interconnected with metal segments. It can be done independently from a durable wire.
2. One color is needed or a few shades of the thread.
3. Thread is fixed on the bottom, then it needs to be stretched through the top ring, lower down and move through the bottom ring. It is necessary to ensure that the thread is stretched and the coils firmly fit to each other. As soon as the thread ends, you need to attach the following segment to the bottom ring.
4. Carefully trim the remnants of threads and glue them from the back.

Spoons for lamp

You can make a multi-tiered, color lamp from ordinary disposable spoons.

1. It is necessary to make a wire frame, for a round small lamp you need to make three circles with a diameter: 12, 18, 26 cm. Then the circles are fastened with each other with a fishing line. The above will be the largest diameter, there must be the same distance between them.
2. In spoons you need to make a small hole with a thick needle at the top of the handle.
3. Spoons are painted with acrylic paints in three colors, for example, yellow, orange, red.
4. Build homemade chandelier: the fishing line is cut in length equal to the distance between the circles. To one end, the fishing line ties a spoon, and the other to the frame. To the lower circle of the small diameter you need to tie a spoon of yellow, to the middle - orange and to the top - red shade.

Easy and elegant plander

Paper or thin cardboard is suitable for the paper. Such a ceiling can be both rectangular and square shape. You must first consider the size of the ceiling, the larger the room, the wider there can be a design. In a small orphan or hallway, there will be a good ceiling with a diameter of 30 - 35 centimeters.

The frame can be made of wire, it will consist of the upper and lower part, consider the manufacture of a cylinder formation.

1. You need to make two circles from the wire of the desired diameter. They are connected to each other with the help of a fishing line, the distance between the lower and the upper frame - 12 - 15 cm, the fishing hoops are bonded in three, four places. The greater the diameter of the base, the more it is necessary to make connective elements.
2. On paper blank, you can draw circles of different diameters, figurines of cartoon characters. The contour drawings can be taken from the Internet and print them, then redraw using a copy. For drawing circles, a special ruler is suitable or you can draw lids or buttons of different diameters. Some drawings are cut by a fully stationery knife, some cut through the contour.
3. Paper is based on the basis and glue a mustache. Then glued to the wire, you can also fix with a thin wire. To do this, first in paper make a hole with a thick needle or selent, then they make the wire and gently tie to the frame. It is desirable to glue thin paper, as it is easy to spoil.

Exclusive metal pelvic plander

1. Tases from any metal are used, an interesting option will be made of copper or aluminum tanks. The old pelvis is suitable. If it has a through hole, it needs to be boiled or stuck, for example, epoxy resin.
2. The inner surface must be painted in a light color so that the light is maximally reflected from it.
3. The outer surface can be painted in a dark, rich color, harmonizing with the interior.
4. On the bottom of the rim glued with hot glue with a fringe of about 5 centimeters. In the central part of the basin, it is necessary to make a hole for the wire. It can be drilled drill or punch with a nail.

Such a ceiling can be decorated with mosaic from CDs. For this discs are cut by sharp scissors into small fragments, which are pasted on the outer surface of the pelvis. You can enclose only the bottom contour, and the rest to paint. Or decorate with such a mosaic all the surface of the ceiling. The more convex surface, the smallest should be disk fragments.

Natural materials

The original lamp can be made of a dry branch of an unusual form. It needs to be cleaned of the bark and coat with a verse, then, if desired, handle with a transparent varnish. The branch must be attached to the hook on the ceiling with a conventional fishing line. Then the wire with a lamp is screwed several times on the branch. It looks beautiful, the branch, accusing several wires.

You can make a lamp of plastic hangers. In detail told on the video:

Lamps in different rooms

The chandeliers of bottles made more suitable for the kitchen made. Designs made of glass or plastic will be easy to clean from dust and, if necessary, washed. For a kitchen, an entrance hall or a living room is suitable for a lamp of a natural tree.

For the children's room, the ceiling of painted plastic bottles is suitable, butcher from bright threads or paper composition. The last option can not be called durable, but it is precisely such an option to children. Girls will like a plate with butterflies, vegetable elements, boys fit construction with machinery, superhero or bright plastic plastic plastic.

In some cafes, the pubs are used for the decor of the hall the original lamps of bottles. It can be beer bottles. They can serve as a light bulb, and to be an interesting framed for the lamp.

Ideas of homemade lamps at the placement

With your own hands you can give a new look by outdoor Torsh. You can decaffeve with a cloth, threads, paper with slit patterns, it is also not necessary to leave the base and leg of the lamp. They can be painted with acrylic paints, put the glaze, decorate beads. The decor of the lower part of the flooring should elaborate with the elements at the top. The easiest option is to decorate a plane of monophonic color with lace or guipure.

Decorating lamps

The lower part of the bertow can be decorated with pompons of the same size hanging on a thread. They are glued with the inside of the frame of the glue. Pumps can hang both on the same and at different heights. They can be made of one color or combine a few shades.

To decorate paper luminaires, you can use lace, dense fatin, beads of different sizes. Glass cans or bottles can be decorate glass pebbles that can be purchased in accessories stores. You can also use buttons of different sizes and colors. Small buttons can be glued even on PVA.

On New Year's holidays, it is customary to decorate the Christmas tree, but plaffers of lamps, lamps can be decorated. Here you can use the usual rain, cut off with your hands with snowflakes, figurines of the Christmas tree, decorative balls and the usual garland. If an energy-saving lamp is installed in a wall-mounted or floor lamp, then its ceiling can be decorated with paper snowflakes.

Wall sheds are installed in living rooms, bedrooms, children's. After repair, you can use old sconce, only changing their appearance. You can paint the luminaire case into a light color, and from above apply a bronze or silver paint brush to create a patina effect. If the glass is a glass, the liked pattern is applied to its surface using a glass stencil. Here you can use contour (they are used to create stained glass) or aerosol paints.

The ceiling chandelier is not only the light source in the room, but also his decent decoration. Especially appreciated by products of their own manufacture. They emphasize the taste preferences of residents of the house or apartment, as well as their individuality. Of course, this work is quite complicated and painstaking, but it is interesting and entertaining.

This article presents several detailed instructions for the manufacture of original chandeliers with their own hands. Each of them is simple and understandable, even the child will be able to repeat it at home.

For the manufacture of ceiling lights, various materials are used: paper, wooden spanks, glass bottles and cans, branches made of wood, cardboard, straw, etc. The choice of the foundation depends on the desire of households, as well as from the interior of a particular room.

Original chandelier of plastic spoons, photo

Plastic spoons are the easiest and most affordable material for the manufacture of the ceiling chandelier. They have low cost, diverse color gamut and long service life. To create such a product, it will be necessary to spend very little time, forces and finance.

Materials and tools.To create a chandelier will be required:

• plastic spoons;
• glue (for plastic);
• empty eggplant from drinking water (volume - 5 l);
• old unnecessary ceiling chandelier;
• a sharp knife.

detailed instructions

• Prepare a plastic container for further work: remove the label, cut off its bottom, dried.
• Plastic spoons get out of packaging. Pens neatly cut off with a sharp knife, leaving a small protrusion (about 2-3 mm) above the drawer.
• The prepared spoons are glued to the tank: the protrusion on the drawer is abundantly applied glue, pressed it to a plastic bottle (drawing to the material). The procedure is repeated until the entire perimeter of the bottle is covered with plastic spoons.

Tip! To create a similarity of the lampshar, the spoons are in a checker manner, slightly coming on each other.

• With an old chandelier, the cartridge is removed, put it in an attached bottle, fix on a frame base.
• The decorative bowl is made of plastic spoons: drawers glue around the perimeter of the necklacks.

• The chandelier is installed, connected, check for performance.

Council. Spoons can be painted in any desired color, so the chandelier will look even more unusual and beautiful!

Ceiling chandelier from threads do it yourself

Threads are another material that is used for the manufacture of ceiling chandeliers. Products of them are obtained very stylish and sophisticated (most often they are fixed in living rooms or bedrooms).

Materials and tools.In the process of work it will be necessary:

• threads (for chandeliers are suitable - jute, linen, kapron or cord);
• glue (furniture PVA);
• scissors;
• bruster for glue;
• ball of the desired diameter;
• light bulb (housekeeper or LED);
• electrical wire;
• cartridge with a skirt under the ceiling.

Instructions for master

1. To create a chandelier, you will need to take the ball of the desired diameter.
2. On the ball, the pencil or handle put a mark in a place where the cartridge with a light bulb will be located.
3. The edge of the thread is attached to the ball and wound, creating the desired drawing when winding.
4. Threads periodically misses PVA glue (it is impossible to save it).
5. When the ball is completely wrapped, the threads are absolutely missed by glue.
6. The finished product is suspended for rapid drying.
7. The ball is blown when the material is completely dry. It is neatly taken out through the hole so as not to damage the plafof.
8. A cartridge is inserted into the ball from the threads, the light bulb is screwed, they join the chandelier to electricity, check its performance.

Beautiful chandelier for kitchens from glass bottles

Such a lighting device is ideal for kitchen or dining room. He will harmoniously combine with the interior of these premises, giving him a "highlight".

All necessary materials can be found in the basement, in the kitchen or garage. For work it will be necessary:

• several bright glass bottles of wine (can be replaced with beautiful jars);
• cartridge;
• light bulb;
• electric wire.

detailed instructions

1. With bottles remove the labels.
2. Gently cut off the bottom, stamps the edges, so as not to cut your hands.
3. Through the boards, the electrical cable is stretched, the cartridges are attached and bulbs screw.
4. The finished chandelier is connected to the network.
5. Check for performance.

Ceiling chandelier of fabric

The gang chandeliers complement the interior of the room, give him sophistication, coziness and individuality. They are manufactured in a short period of time without much effort.

For the work of the wizard, the flaps of the tissue of one color are used, as well as the material of completely different shades and textures. Ready-made ceiling lighting fabrics are fixed in the kitchen, in the corridor or bedroom.

Materials for work:

• cutting wire;
• the puffs of different sizes (they will serve as a frame);
• fabric flaps (suitable colors and textures);
• glue;
• scissors.

Manufacturing technology

For the manufacture of such chandeliers, it will be necessary to spend quite a few strength and minimum of finance, since almost all the materials are in the arsenal of householders.

1. Make the frame base from the hoop or hoops (they are repainted in the desired color, if they do not correspond to the selected color scheme): fasten them with each other with wire.
2. The fabric is cut on the patchwork or strips of the desired size and shape.
3. Fasten them to the frame with the help of glue (the adhesive mixture is missing, so that it is better attached to the frame).
4. The finished globe is dried in the fresh air (until the glue froze).
5. In the form of decorating elements, artificial flowers, beads, rhinestones, products from felt or polymer clay are used.
6. Paste and fix the cartridge with a light bulb.
7. The finished chanderer is connected to the electrical network, check for performance.

The chandelier made on one of the proposed instructions will be the subject of the Master pride. She will decorate the room, make it unique, beautiful and comfortable.

Decorative chandelier do it yourself: video

Chandelier do it yourself: photo

Ceiling chandeliers - lighting devices that perform two functions simultaneously. First, they are used to organize the main lighting in the room. Secondly, devices are one of the main elements of the decorative decoration of the room.

Numerous manufacturers offer equipment of different design, but it is not always possible to find something really worthwhile, inscribed in the overall interior of the room. In other situations, the cost of favorite chandeliers can be too high. That is why many people are interested in how to make a ceiling lamp with their own hands.

Products "Hand-Maid" will be unique and original, thanks to it you can express your taste and character. Alone to make such devices are not so easy. Work requires a certain imagination and amplitude. On the other hand, the ceiling chandelier can be created from the primary means and items that are trash for you.

Choose any manufacturer materials - wood, plastic, metal or glass. Veusers designed from wine bottles, wooden skeins or straws look very original. Let's summarize: the choice of material for the homemade lamp depends entirely on the imagination and ideas that arose in the head from the owner of the apartment.

Varieties of lighting devices

The final stage of performing any repair and construction work will be the purchase of lighting devices. Often, the main one is the ceiling chandelier, installed in the center of the room under the condition of its proper geometry. The market presents a wide range of luminaires, characterized by design, form, principle of action, and even the presence / absence of certain structural elements.

Today, all people seek to save, so it will be important to use a chandelier for energy saving or LED lamps. It is advisable to choose products with partially or completely closed ceiling, in which the lamps are hiding. Due to this, you will protect the design of the ceiling and you can protect yourself in case of a bulb explosion (fragments will remain inside the slap).

If I still liked the chandelier with an open light bulbs, then inspect it and make sure that after installation, the light stream will be directed down. There is also a simple rule - the simpler product, the easier the subsequent installation.

Another point that should be considered when choosing a chandelier is the purpose of the room and its dimensions. Spacious halls with high ceilings should be installed overhead luminaires. For small-sized premises, saving space is required, so focus on flat (fightered) options.

Conditionally chandeliers for the ceiling can be divided into two main varieties:

• classic suspended;
• flat with the most close accommodation to the ceiling.

And the latter are divided into two subcategories - embedded and overhead. Overhead Plafones are considered the best solution for bathrooms, corridors and kitchen premises. The presence of a separation platform ensures their rapid cooling and high fire and electrical safety.

Embedded lamps are also called point. They are often installed (it is more correct to speak - embedded) in furniture, suspended ceilings or arched structures. Manufacturers provide a wide variety of forms, color and designer solutions for both traditional and flat lamps.

Finally, in addition to the design features of the lamps themselves, the type of light sources used is distinguished:

1. Glow thread lamp is one of the common and simple options. Maximum cheap light source. In terms of mechanical exposure, it fails in order due to the design vulnerability, relatively soon burns out (in the case of continuous operation, it may overdo in two-three days).
2. The energy-saving daylight lamp is one of the best types of housekeeping. The advantages of the product are related to the cost-effectiveness and long service life. Along with LEDs, is the most common source of light in developed countries.
3. LED lamp is an expensive product whose popularity increases every year. The efficiency exceeds 90%, and in the case of high-quality instruments, it reaches 98%. Characterized by a longer service life and increased reliability.

Example of a homemade lamp

Consider one of the simplest examples of the ceiling lamp made by your own hands.

For the manufacture we will need:

• plastic bottle of 5 l;
• plastic spoons - their number depends on the dimensions of the bottle, which will become a frame;
• quick-drying glue for plastic;
• sharp knife;
• cartridge with wire.

For a start, a frame of a plastic bottle is prepared. Remove any labels from the subject, rinse it and dry carefully. After that, boldly cut the bottom. Cut all the handles with plastic spoons, but so that there are small segments of 2 cm.

The resulting trimming with "draws" stick to the base of the frame of the plastic bottle. To do this, we will just need the remaining pieces of the handles that need to be abundantly caught by glue and close to the surface (the convex part of the drawer should look outside). Plust the container in a circle until the entire surface is hidden. Ideally, spoons are placed in a checker, followed by a shift for a dense arrangement and lack of visible sites.

Cartridges with wiring can be reached from some old chandelier, then install and fix in a new product, stretching through the neck of the bottle. The decorative bowl can be decorated with the same billets using glue and hovering on the neck.

To make sure that the product is working at the final stage, screw the light bulb into the lamp and connect it to the power source. If success, it will remain to install a chandelier on the ceiling.

For more stylish decoration and changing color solutions can paint plastic spoons. This will increase the originality and attractiveness of the product.

Choosing style

In addition to the items listed in the first chapter of the article, when choosing a chandelier, you need to focus on a certain style. This is relevant and for those cases when you decide to independently make it product. Comfort, comfort, and how pleasant will be in it in the interior premises.

The ceiling chandelier is the main element of the decor, therefore, with a competent approach, the surrounding perception will improve, with pretabrous - completely spoiled. As you know, "breaking - do not build", so to spoil the interior, it is enough to choose the wrong style.

Advanced in advance with the design of the future lamp. The most common styles for chandeliers are High Tech, Modern and Provence.

High tech

It includes products made of glass and metal. Modern devices fit perfectly in the design of the bedroom and the living room. Externally, the chandelier may look chaotic (with an arbitrary arrangement of decor elements). An excellent option for people seeking to modernize the apartment or a private house, but not wanting to make something too complex. Any errors made in the manufacture of chandeliers may look like an original design solution.

Modern

In accordance with this style, devices are created from glass and wood. The ceiling lamp is characterized by perfectly smooth and clear lines, has the correct geometry.

Provence

The most difficult execution that is suitable for people who disassemble in the Hand-Made principles. For decoration chandeliers, various fabrics, colorful ribbons, beads, embroidery can be used. Luminaires are carried out gentle, suitable for creating a romantic atmosphere. The lighting device in the style of Provence is suitable for decorating any residential premises.

Materials for mounting

For the ceiling mounting of the lamp, specific materials and tools will be required:

• the lamp itself;
• branching box;
• screwdriver (figured);
• switches;
• as an alternative - dimmers (swivel toggle switch, adjusting brightness, switching on / off light bulb);
• wires;
• electrical tape;
• indicator (tester);
• passatia;
• connecting pads.

Ideally, the electrical wiring should be laid with connecting pads. If there are no such products, then twist the bare ends of the wires using the passage and hide under the dense layer of the isol. Also connections can be placed under the polymer caps. Make sure the wires are closely charging each other.

When laying the cable, pay attention to the material from which it is made. It is desirable to twist aluminum with aluminum or copper with copper. Upon contact of the wires of two different materials, gradual oxidation will occur, leading to burnout and contact loss.

Sequence of performance

Before installing the ceiling lamp, determine the phases of the wires. To do this, you will need an indicator screwdriver or special probe. If you attach the working surface to phase core, the light bulb will start glowing. Otherwise, the wire refers to zero phase.

Next, you need to define phases on the posting of the lighting device. Turn into the socket two wires, but in no case do not touch the third. If there are several light bulbs on the chandelier, it will turn around half of them. Leave any wire in the outlet and instead of the second insert the third one. The second half of the bulbs should fire. Thus, the wire that is constantly in the outlet (and with a two-way connected with two others, includes light bulbs), is a zero phase.

Secure the luminaire on the ceiling. To do this, use both a classic hook, sticking out the ceiling and fastener rail (included in most modern devices). If there is a hook from the old chandelier, it is desirable to dismantle it.

Connecting lamps

If you need to connect a flooring or chandeliers with a two-housing cable difficulty and there should be no need. Just connect the ends of this cable with two ends of the wiring. If the lamp consists of several parts and wires more, then twist them correctly, subsequently connecting with the desired residential electrical wiring in the apartment.

The three-core cable indicates the presence of two ordinary and one zero phases. Act the scheme described above to find the zero phase. After that, connect the device to the wiring of the house.

Traditionally zero phase on the lamp has wires with blue insulation, ordinary - brown, black or red. If there are several blue wires, they need to be connected pairwise, then connect to zero phase. Similarly, act with other color parts.

It is much less likely to make products with four cores. The latter is intended for grounding and is usually painted in yellow-green. It should be fastened to the lamp housing using a conventional screw. Be sure to insulate all connections.

For the manufacture of ceiling luminaires, any materials can be used with their own hands. The main thing is to choose a style and shape in advance and navigate at the installation site. Also before starting work, it is advisable to draw a sketch of the future product. Everything else is limited to your fantasy.

Connecting home-made lighting devices is performed according to the same scheme as purchased. Using our instructions, you can easily connect ceiling chandeliers with two, three and even four cores. The main thing is not to forget about the rules of security and ensure complete insulation of the wires, excluding a short circuit.

The tendency of something craying, intensively gaining the pace, cannot bypass the part of the interior as the chandelier. It is not only a source of light, but also one of the main decorations of the room. Naturally, the views of the guests will be chained to individual creation and work will not be ignored. The abundance of girlfriend allows the use of a wide variety of materials. What can chandelier be created with their own hands?

Chandelier do it yourself from cardboard.

Cardboard is the most affordable material for the manufacture of various products.
Such chandelier will require cardboard of different colors, fabric or lace, PVA glue. And then it all depends on the fancy of the manufacturer.

1. Carrot cut on the circles of one diameter and fold into the hexagons.

2. Inside each hexagon, cut the round hole.

3. Cut the fabric with a diameter with a diameter than the holes in the cardboard.

4. With the help of glue, the cloth to the cardboard blanks so that it stretches well and closed the hole. We leave two non-stuck mug so that you can fix the cartridge with a light bulb, and there was an outlet for the heated air.

5. Finished hexagons glue with each other using bent edges. Unclosed blanks located from opposite sides.

Attention: The paper is very well lit! Put the bulbs with economy option, they are rigorously heated.

Chandelier do it yourself from pumpkin.

In this case, the flight of your fantasy is unlimited. Purified from the inside of the pumpkin itself is a ready-made lamp, it is necessary to cut the desired pattern on it and insert the cartridge under the light bulb.

In order for the drawing on the crust is symmetrical and beautiful, before cut, make a stencil from paper and apply it to the workpiece with a pencil or marker. Then you can easily correct the image. Very subtle lace pattern or running lows on a sunny-golden pumpkin background will delight eyes in the cold winter evenings. If such a lamp is competently dried, he will serve you for one year.

Many people prefer to make home interior items on their own. And this is good, because not only the original creative abilities of a person, but also a dwelling decorated with such objects, becomes unique and original, emphasizing the taste and ingenuity of its ingenuer.

Chandelier do it yourself from plastic bottles.

For the manufacture of a chandelier with their own hands from plastic bottles we will need:

• Osters of an old chandelier. (Perhaps you have an old chandelier).

• Many plastic bottles of different colors. (from white, dairy, to dark beer bottles, including green, blue and transparent).

• Several steel rods that can be bought at any economic store.

Manufacturing technology.

1. We cut the plastic bottles and cut the petals and flowers from them. You can also cut various figures or animals - it all depends on your imagination.
2. For fastening the colors and other figures on the elder chandelier, we attach steel rods. Of the steel rods, 5-7 pieces do the hedgehog, connecting the rods with the middle of the wire. The top rod of hedgehog cut the pliers, there will be a light bulb.
3. On the resulting design neatly fasten the carved figures and flowers.
4. Insert our hedgehogs in the elder chandelier.

Chandelier do it yourself From plastic bottles is ready to work!

Chandelier with their own hands of laser drives.

In the era of computer technologies, almost everyone has accumulated a set of CD and DVDs. What application to find? - Chandelier do it yourself from laser drives! The chandelier design depends on the fantasy and the number of discs accumulated in your home. Print wires connect them into various designs, not forgetting to leave the hole for the cartridge. You can make a ball, bending cylinder, cone and much more. Its glitter and reflection of the light such a product will give an extraordinary charm of the room.

Chandelier do it yourself From wood.

To make a chandelier of wood with their own hands we need:

• Planks from platband doors that are sold in housekeeping stores. 12 pieces about 30-45 centimeters.

• 6 identical liter cans for ceiling.

• Tone paint under the color of the tree (oak or larch).

• Small wood screws.

• Switching machine.

• White paint.

• Sandpaper.

1. We processes the planks of sandpaper to be perfectly smooth on all sides.
2. From the back of each plank, we make a shallow groove for laying the electric pipe.
3. On three placters on both sides, drills the holes for fastening the ceiling.
4. Strace the tone paint our planks under the color of oak or larch.
5. With the help of self-sufficiency in pairwise fasten all the planks so that the correct hexagon turned out.
6. In the center we make holes in metal covers of cans and fastened cartridges with light bulbs.
7. We ride banks with a swap typewriter.
8. Color the lid and tiny cans in the color of the tree, and the plafof in white or blue.
9. Fresh wooden chandelier to the ceiling.

The chandelier do it yourself from the head of the head.

The old hat, who lost the form, burnt out and out of fashion can also be an excellent addition to your interior. Attach some creative efforts, and it will work out a wonderful chandelier with your hats crayfish. Designer thought, as well as lace, ribbons, chiffon or organza will turn the old embedded thing in a wonderful lampshade. For example, with the help of threads, attach lace as a veil to the hats fields, tie a beautiful bow and lamp to the top of the fields. The simplest and most original solution to the issue.

Chandelier do it yourself From yarn.

For the manufacture of chandeliers from yarn, we need it:

• Plastic bowl for making lampshar.

• Yarn. Multicolored threads.

• Fastening paste.

Step-by-step chase of the chandelier.

1. Prepare a paste to fix yarn on a plastic bowl. To do this, mix 0.5 cups of flour with 2 glasses of water, then adding 2 more glasses of hot water to the resulting mixture, bring a solution to a boil and add 3 more tablespoons of sugar. After that, we thoroughly mix and give paste to cool.
2. In the cooled paste, we shook for several hours of yarn and woolen threads.
3. The clumsy yarn is slightly pressed and tightly wrap on a plastic bowl. Here you can show creativity and designer thought. Especially to wind the yarn should be on the bottom of the bowl.
4. After drying, about a day, carefully take out a bowl of the resulting lampsier from yarn.
5. To the bottom of the lamp is fettered with a ceiling with electrical wire and hang to the chandelier.

Important! The chandelier is not designed for greater lighting power, so it is very important for fire safety purposes not to use incandescent bulbs in them with a capacity of more than 60 watts!

Are you tired of the funny view of the interior of your room or country house? So it has come time for amazing change. You can certainly buy a bunch of new things in the stores and replace them old, but we offer to plunge into the creative process with your head and make something unique with your own hands. Expand the designer and change the world around us, make it beautiful and unique.

Let's start with the replacement chandelier, this element of the interior will become an emphasis of your author's design interior. Original - It is possible. If you do not take into account the cost savings, you can confidently say that positive emotions that will certainly arise during the process will be remembered for life. In addition, you will become the owner of a unique and exclusive thing. Best patience, time and necessary materials.

Materials for the manufacture of the ceiling can be different. The most forgotten and thrust items will go into the course, everything will be used. Old kerosene lamps, openwork cells for canary, cups with saucers, burlap, grandmother lace, decorative feathers, beads and much more.

Inventuring a new chandelier, you need to decide in advance in what style the room will be decorated. The romantic style of the room will suit the young girl, Country or Provence style will create an unforgettable atmosphere in a country house, - choose you. It is also necessary to determine which lighting intensity you would like to achieve ultimately. After that, start selecting the necessary materials for the manufacture of the chandelier.

The chandelier do it yourself: the photoerok on the decor of the lampshar.

You will need:

• cartridge of the required diameter;
• electric cord;
• future chandelier frame;
• decor elements;
• capron threads;
• gun with hot glue;
• light bulb.

The old lamp shade found in the attic, with the help of your fantasy will turn into an elegant and stylish thing. Many famous interior designers began their careers just like this, manufacturing amazing things and exposing them for sale. Who knows, maybe your success is not far off?

And so, measure the lampshade and make the pattern. Choosing a cloth, pay attention to its density. It can be organza, chiffon or a more dense burlap fabric, flax. Sustain the details and, stretching the resulting case on the frame, secure the cloth with threads. Now decorate lampshade lace, beads and artificial colors. At the finished lamp, attach the cartridge and connect the wire, it remains to screw the bulb and the chandelier with your own hands (as in the photo) is ready.

Your house has a subject of pride and admission. Now no one can keep you from creating new masterpieces!

Chandelier do it yourself from lines.

Children's rooms are the most sore question in terms of design. Children grow very rapidly, and chandeliers in the form of airplanes or other toys are quickly losing their relevance. That is why we turn on the fantasy and proceed to the creative process!

Make a chandelier with your own hands from Linek simply! It is necessary to decide on the form and select plastic or wood. The advantage of plastic is good flexibility of the material, but at the same time it melts well, making an unpleasant smell, so west chases are put on such chandeliers, the best LED lights. With the help of plastic lines, you can make round and semicircular lamps.

But it is best to take wooden, the same length of lyines, two small hoops and a wooden bar. With the help of self-tapping screws, the line is attached to an equal distance to hoops. The bar skip inside one of the circles to install on it a cartridge with a light bulb. The rules between the hoops can be fixed in parallel or in the form of a lattice. This chandelier will especially like schoolchildren and will suit any interior.

New Year chandelier with their own hands (photos are attached).

If the peak of your creative activity came to the eve of New Year holidays, you can surprise friends and close arts. New Year chandelier with their own hands (photos attached) made of bright Christmas balls can replace the Christmas tree and become a central decoration of the house.

You will need:

• ordinary plywood or plexiglass;
• rough flax rope;
• blue, silver, green and golden balls;
• stapler;
• glass elements of an old chandelier.

From plywood or plexiglas, drink a square 50: 50 cm. Every 5 centimeters in chaotic order drill holes.

With the help of a wire bracket, a flax thread into one hole and output from the next hole. Two end dored at a length of 2 m. Fill all the holes in this way. Secure the square on the ceiling instead of the chandelier, and bring the balls at different parts from the floor, cutting off excessive length. Perform it in the central part of the composition. At the edges, squeal small parts made of glass on shorter threads, giving the entire composition with a pyramidal form.

Stylish chandelier with your own hands, ready!

To make the image of your room in unique, you can make many things with your own hands. Such subjects include chandeliers.

The most popular way of making a chandelier with their own hands is the winding of the threads. We take the usual balloon, inflate it. You also need a lot of PVA-glue and more than 100 meters of thread. The threads are desirable to use cotton, so the glue will not slip and fall uniformly. It is more convenient to pour glue into some kind of container, and the tassel applied glue to the threads. These cake threads are winding the ball, watch there are no big lumen. We are waiting until the glue dries. It is better to wait more than a day than then start again, but already with other materials. When glue reduced, we unleash the ball nodule and inflated it again. This is done so that the shape of the ball is not lost and our chandelier did not become oval. Now you need to burst the ball with a needle, and carefully remove it from the cocoon of the threads with something sharp. At the top of our cutting round hole and put a lamp in the ball, better with a matte coating. Secure the light bulb and the story chandelier. You can compare the result, seeing examples of the photo chandelier or video lesson.

In order for the chandelier with their own hands, it turns out more original and gentle, use thin lace instead of threads. Starch the lace and also take the ball. Such a lamp will perfectly fit into the kitchen, made in the country style.

To make a score with your own hands, apply the same way with pasting threads or lace. You can still use thin strips of fabric or tulle. Only instead of a round ball take a box from under the juice. Preferably from the half-liter - so the sconium will look more attractive. Before creating, look at the chandeliers of the photo to understand what the sconce is suitable for you.

Chandelier do it yourself from hangers.

Do not throw old things. Everything is used. You can even have a chandelier with your own hands from hangers for clothes. This is a very convenient material for creativity, and the hangers are usually very durable. Just cover them with each other with wire and give any shape, decorating with cloth, bows, paper or other gear material. You can install any, and several LED bulbs or LED tape. This type of chandelier characterizes the owner of the room, as an individual extraordinary and loving experiments.

There are more extravagant examples of making chandeliers with their own hands.

Well, here's another idea how to make a chandelier with your own hands from girlfriend.
For this model, the chandelier will need a large plastic bottle and many disposable spoons.

Check the photo chandeliers with your own hands and decide what you want to get. Excellent chandelier with their own hands with the help of an old lamp lamp. Need a metal ceiling base with a flappon. Clay the foil space around the light bulb (necessarily energy saving!). From the old lamp, remove the fabric and attach suitable paper to it. The bottom of the lamp comes into contact with the lamp, creek paper for baking, which will give our chandelier with their own hands. Soft yellow light. Ready. It seems that the chandelier hangs in itself without touching the ceiling.

If you have a few fives for embroidery, create a beautiful lamp with them. As the basis, take the hoops or wire to create the desired shape of the lamp. Frame Cut the cloth or view the chandeliers of the photo to put the base right. Attach the organza or transparent chiffon to the frame. For decoration, you can also be involved to let the christmas one-chip garland. Instead of fabric, you can apply suspension: to a strong fishing line, we have beads and attach the fishing line to the base. It turns out the original chandelier with your own hands. It looks interesting if there are several such lamps nearby.

The homemade chandelier made it unusual, made like this: sticks for kebabs gently glue each other in the shape of a square, as you will see a chandelier. If desired, the chandeliers at the edges of attaching pasta in the idea of \u200b\u200bbunches. As decoration between sticks, let the ribbon of bright fabric. In the same way, you can create a sconce.

It is intricate the lamp of disposable cups, bonded between themselves. How to do it right, show the chandeliers of the photo. And with the help of the fishing line, attach the chandelier to the ceiling.

Chandelier The subject is quite expensive, but technologically not so complicated. In any case, production processes that could not be carried out at home, it is almost no need to make chandeliers, or they can be replaced with similar manual, visually and reliable than the same effect.

Lovers made with their own hands and make a lot of ceiling lamps of general lighting (and these are chandeliers), analogues in the wide sale of unrelated and sometimes very extravagant appearance, see, for example, fig. Fiction and reader, hope not to occupy. However, unfortunately, in the place of the images of homemade chandeliers on the Internet, samples that meet the requirements of safety and lighting of residential premises are rarely found. Rather, it is even very rare.

This article discusses primarily how to make chandelier itself technologically and lightly. There is nothing particularly difficult here; It is something like a Moliere character, which, it turns out, spoke prose all his life. But some basics know no effect. Moreover, the original harmonious design (speaking of which is not left) also requires a reliable basis, otherwise what is the beauty to stay?

Note: For example, as you personalize at home, make a chandelier in the living room, see the video below. According to design, it will go to the interior of any style, accepting clear forms, and this is a very wide range, from Chinese Mandarin to Fusion.

Video: Chandelier with their hands from the girlfriend

Therefore, the details of the design and design of the main lighting and at the same time decorative elements of the chandelier -; Frames / supports of lamps, which are also important as parts of a common design -. About the total LED residential premises will also not be superfluous. And in this article we will deal with the fact that for them everyone is common, plus the electric part:

• Lighting equipment and design - the very beginning for household premises;
• Electric machines, mainly from the point of view of safety;
• What to do lightarmatura, with a focus on the possibility of making from undergraduated materials;
• Features chandeliers for residential premises of various purposes;
• Selection of light sources for one or another chandelier.

Note: Those who doubt what are the depths here, let it be known - homemade lamps are firmly held in the 1st dozen on household electric waste, fire hazard and as a cause of spoiling, especially in children.

What do not be afraid?

Tree and wood work. Looking at the curly wooden details of the chandelier of industrial manufacture, it seems that it is impossible to reproduce their home. Meanwhile, the perfect frame chandeliers from the tree can be made daily or two with their own hands in the kitchen or on the balcony.

The fact is that wood when heated throughout the mass of up to 150-250 degrees softened and bends, and the cooling, retains the form-given shape. Heat the wood to such a temperature is not charging with a construction hairdryer. Only you need to not forget to pre-drill axial holes (let's say, for the wiring of the electrocable), in the already curved item it will not be possible.

Note: The easiest of all the heated wood is light or medium density of small-layer - birch, maple, ash, linden. Bamboo and some breeds of tropical wood bent generally heated to 90-100 degrees by steaming in water pairs. MDF due to the homogeneity of its structure beats very well and accurately, but requires greater heating.

Finally, quite an elegant wooden chandelier can be made of non-bent parts: modern light sources allow you to implement such a solution. Then the ceiling lamp is made in the form of a flange chandelier, see below.

What to pay attention to?

On old Soviet chandeliers and generally household lamps. The USSR, as you know, was a very ambiguous phenomenon, which was particularly explicitly expressed in the Soviet Mercade. If the old home chandelier of the "Soviet" production was shed in the storage room, then its light scaffolding / lighting parts for surely made of high quality glass, and porcelain / faience or decorative from the same quality material. Let 1 "" horn "of 4-5, are divided, which remained for a new homemade chandelier. Paint has shuddered? Now on sale there are any washes and excellent acrylic enamel. Part "Visency" lost? From others, you can also build something very beautiful, there would be fiction and taste.

Lighting and vision

About 10 years ago, the bandwidth according to the information nerve was fairly measured. It turned out to be 5-6 less than the number of information in the picture that the optical eye system draws on the retina, and the scientists had to be recognized finally as a fact: somewhere in the eye, something like a video processor. Suspicions of its presence arose another 200 ago, because Certain visual illusions do not depend on the physical and mental state of the subject. I had to admit, and now it is confidence that the picture in the brain does not raw, but somehow processed. From the point of view of lighting and influence of the nature of lighting on health and well-being, this fact is also important: a good lamp should give light not only enough bright, but even smooth, soft, allowing you to clearly distinguish parts of different colors and not tiring eyes.

Note: We will remind the reader that photoreceptors of 2 types - sticks and columns are removed on the retina. The first most sensitive, but perceive only the overall brightness, so all the sulfur cats at night. Columns of 3 species, perceived separately red (R), green (G) and blue (b) sections of the color spectrum. We also recall that the eye is most sensitive to green rays, slightly less to red and less than a blue.

Spectra of light sources

The least tedious for eye light with a solid spectrum, pos. 1 in Fig: All visible object details are more or less uniformly lit. If the spectrum is limited, then those that do not fall into it are simply not visible. The processor of the eye does not need to be "drawing" anything, namely, it mostly tires vision and spoils him.

The fact is that for the "Dorivovka" poorly distinguishable optics of the eye should all the time and often refocus, and the phot-resection system can change its accommodation, i.e. Common sensitivity. This procedure is in some way similar to the working out of parts in Photoshop through the normalization of levels and "pull-ups" of thin-screen, but who knows how to do it, know: very sluggish inequal picture, if you certainly need to "pull out" the details, threshing to "Rvan". And if we are talking about your own eyesight, the brain in the end begins to understand the "Radi" as the norm, respectively, reloads the muscles of the eye and the working algorithms of the visual processor, which leads to disorders of vision.

Unfortunately, only the incandescent lamps, conventional and halogen and halogen, are allowed from suitable safety requirements for household conditions. They, firstly, in modern requirements are uneconomical. Secondly, their spectra are thermal and therefore have a strong eyed in the blue area. That is, it is impossible to achieve correct color in such light.

Nevertheless, the incandescent bulbs in household luminaires are fully applicable: for millions of years of evolution, the human eye is used to give an amendment to yellowness, and vision disorders with such lighting are possible only from its insufficient or redundant brightness. As for sodium lamps, luminous in the yellow area, then for sight of their light is also harmless, but there is no adequate color-perception here.

Almost perfect color reproduction allows with the lowest possible fatigue to achieve a synthetic, or an additive spectrum, pos. 2.. The processor of the eye is no need to overvolt: the tops of the zones R, G and B go beyond the optimal level of illumination at the same common brightness, and on their joints, the restoration of full detail requires a simple addition of partial (private) pictures in the respective colors. As a result, the overall level of white leaves almost linear and the details of any color are clearly visible, and the gray tones are smoothly moving into each other.

And again unfortunately: The additive spectrum gives only the screens of good electron-ray tubes (kinescopes). It is slow, but the luminescent lamps (housekeeping) with 3-4 layer phosophore, separate samples of LED illuminators and TFT-displays, and TFT-displays, and the TFT displays are still far from solving the problem. Therefore, experienced and peculiar about their eyesight (which in this case also the main working tool) graphic designers, photographers and artists working at the computer stubbornly hold for "tubular" displays, buying professional or looking for a second-hand price Sorted tube.

Note: The light from sources with an additive spectrum is customary to be called extremely soft. In nature, extremely soft lighting is the morning at easy cloudiness, when a slightly displays the drive of the sun through the clouds.

In the life of an acceptable softness of light allow its sources with an island spectrum, pos. 3.. It looks like 3 solid limited, but this is the case when the quantity goes into quality: Nerre 3 zones of basic colors, the eye will surely try to consider, but what between them. In the failures between the islands, something else can be seen, although at the level of illumination is significantly less optimal at this accommodation. The peaks of the islands are also quite cut up, but also within the limits permissible.

The island spectrum gives most of the housekeeping and good LED lamps; How to distinguish them immediately when buying from, let's say, not very good, see below, in the section on illuminators. In such a world, it is undesirable to engage in such light, but you can read / write for 3-4 hours a day.

The island spectrum has 2 important features for household lighting. The first - it can be significantly softened with light-forming devices, see below. The second - the "tails" of red and blue do not go to IR (infrared) and UV (ultraviolet) area, and to the boundaries of the visible spectrum are falling to black. Therefore, if the details of some color in island illumination are poorly visible, increasing the overall brightness - only harming the vision. In this case, it is necessary to use local lighting of incandescent lamps or housekeeping / LED other color temperatures, they have a spectrum islands in a different.

The most harmful spectrum - scheduled, pos. four. In it, firstly, very narrow zones of the main colors do not overlap. Secondly, to create sufficient overall brightness, it is necessary to "blow up" the peaks of lines, especially blue, above the maximum permissible. The light seems to be not very bright, and the eyes cut. Everything in general can see it seems to be good, but the items are lost somewhere and do not see anyone, even the eyes of the burnt.

This light is called extremely tough. It gives cheap LED lamps and separate housekeeping models with 1-layer phosphor. It is not possible to soften it by the lights. In failures between the lines, nothing is not covered. With long-term use, this light is possible the development of not only myopia / hyperopia, but also various color permissions (the processor of the eye is overwhelmed without a sense, trying to see the invisible), and even the penetration of the retina.

Electricraft

Rough and most often entailing unwanted consequences Violation of TB Rules with independent making chandeliers - hanging them for an electric cable: Its end is passed into the bulb cartridge, tie the knot, so everything is kept on the weight. Lastra, even the easiest, you need to hang on a separate rigid, rigid or flexible.

Hard chandelier suspension to everyone: this is a tube in which the cable stretches. Traditional flexible suspension - chain; The cable in this case passes through the links. Now there are also special cables for chandeliers, in them, in addition to 3 wires under the total shell, a durable suspension rope is also. It must be output and edged in 2 places: at the top to the hook and down to the chandelier frame, otherwise the rope can perform crawl and chandelier on the wires. When hanging on a separate cord, the cable must be circled around it with several turns (and not vice versa!) And consolidate the ends of the "snake" scotch tape or, not a natural, soft thread.

Non-standard situations with chandeliers most often occur at the injection site of the wires in the bulbTherefore, the cartridges also need to be fixed on the frame separately. The most convenient for this is the E17 cartridge under the minion lamp (lamp-candle) with a screw clip for mounting lamellas (shown by the arrow on the pos. 1 fig.). If the frame from the tubes, the lamellas get, flatten their ends. The wooden frame of the lamps from the strips were 1-1.5 mm thick and 10 mm width can be attached with small self-draws.

E17 cartridges with a terminal clamp (shank), pos. 2, for a home master less convenient, because The clamp is fixed by a pair of nuts, under which on the tube you need to cut the thread. If there is enough space in the chandelier, in this case it is better to use the E27 cartridge (ordinary, "fat") with a side clamp, pos. 4. Clamps, to obtain the desired lamp orientation, can be carefully bend. And finally, the chandeliers with the only light bulb can be more convenient to be the E17 or E10 (Superminon) with eyelets under the fastening, pos. 5, but the locations of the joining of the wires to this should be thoroughly insulated.

Note: Ordinary E27 Baletridges also can also be attached hard, for this, there are special threads in the introductory fittings of their covers. But the same thread should be on the handset, to which the cartridge is attached, and there is no hand taps for sale.

About mounting and connected

Put from the network to the chain chandelier of total power up to 60 W can be cable with a cross-conductive cross section of 0.35 square meters. mm; Up to 120 W - 0.5 square meters. mm; up to 300 W - 0.75 square meters. mm. Use a 3-wire cable with double insulation. An "earth" (yellow with a longitudinal green strip) is connected to the zero network of the network, and a chandelier chandelier-speaking switches is the remaining 2.

Note: Search by a phase using a control light by clicking the switches, it is unacceptable! You need to use the indicator-phase indicator!

Connecting wires to terminals of lamp cartridges and generally the wiring chandelier is made at the following step in the following order:

1. Make sure with the phase indicator, that there are no voltages on the wires and no one accidentally click the switch. For this, their levers can be temporarily stuck with scotch.
2. From the ceiling ends of the cable, the cable from the cable with cores is not less than that of the regular, section.
3. Clean the ends of the regular wires of the chandeliers, connect its shared input to the time. Do not forget to insulate the seawings!
4. Disassemble the cartridge.
5. Enter the end of the cable into the lid of the cartridge through the standard opening.
6. Putting on it a locking washer that prevents random pulling out of the cartridge. As a last resort, the cable tie the cable.
7. Close the bare ends of the wires in the terminals. The stranded wires are twisted before sealing and, preferably, climb, so that the hazardous veins do not arrange KZ (short circuit),
8. Insert the terminal block into the lid, putting it with the recesses to the corresponding protrusions in it.
9. Check if a small cable loop under the lid and does it outdo it.
10. Holding the terminal bar in order not to jump, screw the cartridge housing on the cover.
11. At the end of the installation of the section, the lamps are screwed, check by including acc. Switch, whether it is burning exactly.
12. Block switches from random inclusion again, remove the time.
13. Plug it to enter the ceiling ends.
14. Check: It burns smoothly, it does not blink - the installation is over, you can use.

Light Armor.

Light armature chandeliers (light-forming system) first, directs the light due for this type of room. Secondly, softens it by reducing the surface brightness of the illuminator. And for sources of light with an island spectrum, another favorable circumstance is manifested.

In school and even common university optics courses, in order to not confuse students too much, it is believed that when scattering, reflection and refraction of light, its frequency remains unchanged; This makes it possible to visually withdraw their main laws. In fact, absolutely linear media does not have a certain proportion of light quanta in these processes, therefore changes its frequency and, therefore, color. Those., "Tails" of the spectral islands receive a small bright "feeding", which facilitates the work of the eye processor; It is equivalent to additional mitigation of light.

Workflows

In the light-airmature of household luminaires, the diffuse reflection and scattering of light is mainly used. Mirror reflection finds small use, because In itself, does not reduce surface brightness and does not soften the light. The refraction in transparent environments is quite widely used: crystal suspensions not only give a pleasant game of light, but also soften it without significant loss of light flux. And finally, in some cases, for example. In lampshares of thread, in the formation of the light stream there is a noticeable fraction of diffraction.

Note: With diffraction and shadows, it is generally necessary to care. The light in the room is that on the left in fig. May cause nervous disorder and in an adult, and the spiny rays from the lamp on the right there will be no vision in favor of vision. Here is the fact that in the peaks of the diffraction pattern the intensity of light can be much higher than on the primary radiating surface.

Forming elements and systems

Situating the light and the formation of the necessary diagram of the radiation (DN), see below, with refraction in transparent environments and / or mirror / complete internal reflection requires a large number of such optical acts: in each of them, the lights are small, but small and the degree of transformation of the light Thread, because Transparent media is because they are transparent that their non-linearity is manifested in an insignificant degree. Traditionally, there are many refractive elements with high optical properties; Consequently, expensive or affordable on occasion. Now lovers mastering plastics: the original chandelier on the refraction and reproduction can be made generally from the cast material, see below. The appearance of such a chandelier "air"; Lifecycle - 1-3 years.

If there is no crystal suspension, you will have to use scattering and diffuse reflection. Lights will be larger, but in this case it is possible to do with rented materials: it is enough to get only 1-3% of nonlinear optical acts in the entire lighting system. The usual luxmeter with a set of light filters of such a number of "left" quanta does not catch, but it is enough that the illumination of the failures between the spectrum islands climbed above the "bottom" of the accommodation range and the eye worked without overworking.

At the heart of the lights on diffuse optical processes, there are 3 elements: a ceiling, lampshade and diffuse reflector. Plafond, pos. 1 in fig. - Cap from matte glass or similar to it by optical properties of the material. The light of it can go out, only the scattering. For further formation of the light stream, the optical properties of the room value do not have or are very small.

Abazhur, pos. 2, part of the primary light releases out without conversion; Not necessarily down. Mitigation of the primary light spot is achieved due to its backlight reflected from the walls and the ceiling by scattered light, so the optical properties of the room in this case are significant. Determining they become for the diffuse reflector, pos. 3, however, this lighting system using a change in the degree of transparency of the reflector (s), their size, configuration and location allows you to form different DN.

Light system chandeliers are constructed, as a rule, by combining elementary formers. For example, on pos. 4 is a well-known chandelier from the signs of concentric lamps, supplemented with a small almost flat flanfer. At first glance, the light flows in it should be great, but remember: to illuminate the school gym Square OK. 400 sq. M. M and with the height of the ceiling under 6 m. There were enough non-economic inclusion lamps on the total capacity of 800-1200 W.

Among the new light systems are plates-plaffones, pos. 3. They are named so because they are at the same time with plants and lighting, and architectural ceiling, see photo. The essence of the optics of this type is that in the cell trap primary quanta test multiple overvelopes and outward light is highly softened.

Materials for lighting systems

About purchased elements of chandeliers from glass or special plastics can be noted that:

• Glass need to choose a mirror, colorless or pure white on the layer.
• For any light sources, except for incandescent lamps, it is better to take optical parts that are matured from the surface, and in the mass, t. Naz. Dairy, desired degree of transparency.
• Acrylic computer discs in light systems use undesirable: the translucent layer of metal in them only absorbs light, and almost completely transparent and colorless optical acrylic is noticeably notably converts the light stream.

Good homemade chandeliers are obtained from food PET bottles. The refractive index and transparency of PET (polyethylene terephthalate) is quite high, which makes it possible with small light movements to achieve significant mitigation of light. PET bottles are produced by various color shades and translucent, so that the chandelier can be built based on both refractions and rejugation and diffuse processes.

In addition to low cost and accessibility, the essential advantage of PET is the ease of processing at home and, in skillful hands, good decorative qualities. For example, how to make flowers from bottles, see the master class on the link: //www.youtube.com/watch?v\u003d8Txxoitlhva.

The flower decor will not only decorate the chandelier, but also, due to the increase in the number of refractive surfaces, it will significantly improve its lighting. Other options for optically useful and beautiful decorations made of plastic bottles are possible, but we will leave them for the article on the lampshades.

Other plastics for chandeliers with housekeeping lamps are also suitable as reflectors. For them, you need to take the material as white as possible and slightly grungy or with satin gloss. Translucent parts from household plastics are not very good, because As a filler, the chalk or talc with coloring additives is most often used. Lights in such will be great, and mitigation of light is only due to the drop in surface brightness. Use preferable propylene, because PVC from light rather soon turns yellow and becomes fragile.

The second is very good and affordable material for the optical chandelier system - paper. If the LED lamp, then the chandelier of paper will last for several years: the paper turns yellow and loses light source from heating and exposure to UV, which LED lamps are almost or not allowed.

The light paper component of the chandeliers is selected by choosing the material of the corresponding density, from 20 to 220 g / sq. m. Reflective properties of modern papers Pictures are almost flawless: with a whiteness coefficient below 0.8-0.85 it is simply not released. By the way, some earliest manufacturers operate with whiteness coefficients 1.05 and even 1.15. For which measurement methods, they go to the super-nuclear values \u200b\u200bof the value, which in principle can not be greater than 1 who know. But from the point of view of physics, it is a funny absurdity: put such a leaf in front of the mirror, between them - the solar battery, once it has been lined with a flashlight, here's the eternal engine II of the genus. Or the gracious topic of discussions on the forums of technicians. Whats wrong with that? Once KB\u003e 1, then the leaf of light and, accordingly, its energy radiates more than accepts.

Note: The flask of incandescent bulbs with a capacity of 60 W can heat up more than 100 degrees Celsius. Therefore, for chandeliers with plastic, lampshotes and reflectors of plastic, fabric, textiles and threads, you need to use incandescent lamps for no more than 40 W, and halogen - up to 15-20 W.

Video: Master class on making chandeliers from rope or thread

Chandelier in the room

The main types of DNs for lighting household premises are shown in Fig. Cardioid forms a ceiling, this is a light for small bedrooms, children's, hallways. Failing at the top is formed due to the shadow of the base. Children's chandelier must be equipped with a spherical flange, strongly, but without excessive light flow, scattering light. Especially soft and, very desirable, the best-sided lighting in the nursery is necessary, so as not to harm not further impact. Therefore, the child chandelier is best to do from paper, but to avoid refracting materials for it.

Eight of the day is obtained using several diffuse reflectors and well-whined ceiling, for example. Plasterboard. This light is needed in a fairly large living room with free space in the center, office, etc. Rooms, where zones are illuminated by local light sources.

The fan dong gives a simple lampshade, and the petal is directed by aperture (socket) up. Petal DN is characteristic of the sconce, which is not exactly in the subject, but the chandeliers with fans are suitable in a small living room with a dining table in the center or in the kitchen. Especially for the latter: the light contributes to the deposition of the vapors of organic substances and bituminization of them in the liquid phase, so that the ceiling here is particularly illuminated to anything, let the potential soot go to the hood.

Note: The most uniform illumination of the field of the floor with the minimum flow of electricity to the lighting gives T. Naz. Square DN. However, it turns out with the help of very complex lighting devices, the walls and the ceiling should be illuminated separately. It is used mainly to illuminate large industrial premises, open areas, sports facilities, etc.

Lamps for chandeliers

Not all manufacturers of household lighting lamps give on sites and in the specifications of their spectral characteristics, therefore the sellers most often do not know them. As for the lamps of the housekeeping, there is an endless buyer here: the spectrum is unknown - take the color temperature of 4300 K. In the worst case, we get a solid limited spectrum. In all its beauty, a color postcard or illustration in the book he will not give, but the vision does not hurt. Overlooking this light is almost white with light yellow. The rate of electrical power of such lamps is 1.8-3.4 W per 1 sq. M. m illuminated Square Depending on the configuration and the total tone of the room design.

Note: Phytolamba for shelves with flowers, greenhouses / greenhouses and aquariums cannot be used for general lighting. Their spectrum is sharply scheduled, it is useful to plants for photosynthesis, but not a person for sight.

LED lamps are selected, first, on the color temperature of 2800-3300 toYellow. White spectrum is usually scheduled, which is noticeable immediately: their light cuts eyes and in a well-lit by naturally trading room. According to visible constructive features, the lamps of Globa with a matte flask should be selected and its deep shank, pos. 1 in fig. If a lamp is "corn", then you need to be guided by the following signs of pos. 2:

• LED assembly must be covered with a translucent flask, this ensures first of all the durability of the lamp. "Naked corn", with luminous structures under the protective film, sensitive in pollution and external influences generally.
• The number of individual emitting structures should be at least 15-20.
• "Kochan", i.e. The shell-holder of radiating structures should be transparent. In combination with pre. The condition it will give a greater number of overcasts inside the flask, greater uniformity of the primary light and the best possibility of forming a light flux.

In order not to "get" on the line spectrum, it is also necessary to avoid imitation under Globes and "corn" in the form of light bulbs with a transparent flask located directly on the base, and a small amount of radiating structures, pos. 3. The illumination from them in a small room and visually will be uneven, and the spectrum is most often stripped. Also, LED lights of directional light are unsuitable for lighting residential premises, pos. 4. They are designed for auxiliary / service lighting and with long-term use of the eyes are harmful.