Federal Security Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation. Regional UFSB in the Russian Federation

Gantipov -

Victor L. -

As we know, any country is a vast organization that provides an adequate standard of living for its population. Thus, the well-being of a country directly affects the quality of life of its inhabitants. The latter, in turn, are obliged to ensure the protection of their state. People realized this fact in ancient times, which led to the creation of armies. Its representatives have always been honored and popular in society.

However, in addition to the usual military formations, each power had security agencies that fought the intelligence activities of other countries on their territory. Such organizations in most cases carried out their activities in the shadows in order to hide the methods and methods of work from prying eyes. Nevertheless, today the existence and functioning of many state security structures is not surprising, since they exist in almost every country.

As for Russia, our state also has a special department called the Federal Security Service, or FSB. What this organization does, its structure and functions will be discussed later in the article.

Department structure

The law "On the FSB" largely gives an understanding of the structure of the service presented in the article. This question is extremely interesting today. After all, the structure shows the priority of certain areas of activity of the service. Thus, today the system includes the following departments, services and departments of the FSB:

• directly the apparatus of the department;
• counterintelligence services and protection of the constitutional order of the Russian Federation;
• economic security service;
• border, personnel services and own security;
• investigation department;
• Department of Military Counterintelligence.

There are also other, more insignificant units that are part of the FSB. What each structural department does can be understood by analyzing the regulatory framework and other official information about the service.

Special units

FSB officers perform completely different tasks when working in various structural units of the service. However, there are divisions that are assigned special goals. Such a formation is the FSB Special Purpose Center. It includes two departments: "A" ("Alpha") and "B" ("Vympel"). Units are engaged in performing special tasks. For example, "Alpha" is an organization created to fight terrorism, free hostages and solve other important tasks. Alpha fighters often carry out missions in Chechnya, Dagestan, etc.

As for the Vympel subdivision, it is one of the most classified today. The number, command and personnel of the directorate are unknown. The organization's activities are also shrouded in mystery. Its functioning can only be judged by rumors, according to which Vympel is used for activities abroad.

Features of the staff

Any government department selects staff carefully. FSB officers in this case come to serve in the body as military personnel or as civilian personnel. At the same time, the department welcomes people who already have education in certain areas of activity. In addition, there is a special academy of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation. In this educational institution, representatives of the officer corps are trained for certain departments of the department.

Conclusion

So, we tried to analyze the features of such a structure as the FSB. What this body does, the features of its system and staffing have also been described in the article. It remains to be hoped that in the future the department will only improve in its work, since its activities are directly related to the security of Russia.

The FSB generals, who are currently in charge of this service, form the basis of this key structure, which is designed to ensure the national security of the state. in its current state it was formed in 1995, since then the closest attention has been riveted to its leaders.

Director of the FSB of Russia

Only FSB generals are currently in key leadership positions in this department. There are no lower-ranked military personnel in the positions of either first deputies or deputy directors of the service.

The head of the FSB of Russia is currently Alexander Vasilievich Bortnikov. He has been in this post since May 2008, after his predecessor Nikolai Platonovich Patrushev resigned.

Bortnikov was born in 1951 in the city of Molotov, as Perm was called at that time. He is a graduate of the Institute of Railway Engineers from which he graduated in Leningrad. In 1975 he graduated from the Higher School of the KGB. Then he began to serve in the state security agencies. Supervised the counterintelligence divisions. The service remained in this direction even after the liquidation of the KGB and the formation of the FSB of Russia.

In 2003, Alexander Vasilyevich Bortnikov headed the regional department for the Leningrad region and the city of St. Petersburg. Then he headed the economic security service, working as part of the department. In 2006 he was promoted to Colonel General of the FSB. According to some reports, he received the next rank of army general in a few months - in December of the same year.

In 2008, he headed the department, at the same time taking the post of chairman of the national. He is a member of various government and interdepartmental commissions on the widest range of issues.

Vladimir Kulishov

In order to get the most complete picture of the leadership of the FSB department, let us dwell on the personalities of the first deputy directors of this department. There are currently two of them. All of them are generals of the FSB of Russia.

Vladimir Kulishov holds the rank of General of the Army. He has been the first deputy director since March 2013. In parallel, he heads the Border Service of the Russian Federation, which is also part of the FSB structure.

Kulishov Vladimir Grigorievich was born in the Rostov region in 1957. He studied at the Institute of Civil Aviation Engineers, which was based in Kiev. After receiving a diploma of higher education, he worked at a civil aviation plant.

He found himself in the structure of state security agencies in 1982. By that time, Vladimir Grigorievich Kulishov had already graduated from the KGB Higher School. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, he continued to serve in the state security agencies. In 2000, he got into the central administrative office of the FSB of Russia.

Then, for a year, he headed the department for the Saratov region. Since 2004, he began to supervise the department for combating terrorism, headed the FSB department for the Chechen Republic. Since 2008, he has held the post of Deputy Director of the Federal Office. In 2013, he received the post of first deputy and headed the Border Guard Service.

He served in Chechnya, has the Order of Military Merit and the Order of Service to the Fatherland, III degree.

Sergey Smirnov

The FSB general is another first deputy director of the department. He is from Chita, where he was born in 1950. In his infancy, the family moved to Leningrad, where he spent his childhood and youth. At school, he was a classmate of Boris Gryzlov (ex-minister of internal affairs and ex-chairman of the State Duma) and Nikolai Patrushev (ex-director of the FSB of Russia).

He graduated from the Bonch-Bruyevich Electrotechnical Institute, which was opened in Leningrad. In his student years, he was also closely acquainted with Gryzlov, they studied together again. He began working at the Central Scientific Research Institute of Communications.

He got into the structure of the KGB of the USSR in 1974. Since 1975 he has been working in the Leningrad administration. First, he held operational and then leadership positions.

In 1998 he got a job in the central office of the FSB. He headed the department of his own security. In 2000 he became deputy director of the FSB, and since 2003 - first deputy. Has the rank of General of the Army.

First head of department

Throughout Russian history, 7 people were in charge of the federal department of the FSB. The very first in 1993 was Colonel General Nikolai Mikhailovich Golushko. At that time, the structure was just being formalized and was officially called the Federal Counterintelligence Service of the Russian Federation.

Golushko held this post for only two months, after which he was appointed by President Boris Yeltsin as an adviser to the director of the FSB. During the years of Soviet power, he headed the KGB of the Ukrainian SSR.

Stepashin - Director of the FSB

In March 1994, Lieutenant General Sergei Vadimovich Stepashin became the head of the Federal Counterintelligence Service. Under him, the Federal Security Service was founded in April 1995. Formally, he became the first director of the FSB of Russia. True, he spent only two and a half months in this position.

After that, he did not get lost in high government positions. Stepashin was the Minister of Justice, headed the first deputy and until 2013 headed the Accounting Chamber. Currently, he heads the supervisory board of a state corporation, which is engaged in promoting the reform of the Russian housing and communal services.

FSB leadership in the 90s

In 1995, General of the Army Mikhail Ivanovich Barsukov came to the post of director of the FSB. He has been in the KGB system of the Soviet Union since 1964. He was the commandant of the Moscow Kremlin, acted as an attesting witness during the arrest of the Deputy Prime Minister of one of the inspirers of the Emergency Committee.

In the 90s, Barsukov was often criticized by colleagues in the shop. In particular, accusing him of low professional qualities. For example, according to the ex-Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation Anatoly Sergeevich Kulikov, Barsukov's entire service was held in the Kremlin, he was responsible for the security of the top officials of the state. Many believed that Barsukov ended up at the head of the security service only thanks to the head of Yeltsin's security, Alexander Korzhakov, who had some influence over the president.

In June 1996, he resigned after a scandal during Yeltsin's election campaign. His name is closely related to the detention of activists from the presidential campaign headquarters, Lisovsky and Yevstafiev, who tried to take out half a million dollars in a paper box.

Director Nikolay Kovalev

In 1996, the service was headed by FSB General Nikolai Dmitrievich Kovalev. Unlike his predecessors, he spent a little over two years in this post. Nikolai Kovalev has been serving in the state security agencies since 1974. He was appointed to the post of FSB director after a scandal over alleged violations of the rules of foreign exchange transactions and the conduct of Boris Yeltsin's presidential campaign in 1996.

During his leadership of the service, Nikolai Kovalev managed to establish the productive work of the department. Its employees have become less likely to get on the pages of the press in connection with various scandals.

After his release from office, he became. Occupies the chair of the people's choice from the third to the seventh convocations, inclusive. He is a member of the "United Russia" faction, heads the expert council of the "Officers of Russia" organization.

Future president

In July 1998, Kovalev was replaced by the future president of Russia, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin. He was the only head of department who by that time did not have a military rank. Putin was only a reserve colonel.

The future head of state entered the KGB system back in 1975, immediately after graduating from Leningrad State University. He ended up in the KGB through distribution.

Having become the head of the FSB, he appointed his well-known Patrushev, Ivanov and Cherkesov as his deputies. Reorganized the entire service. In particular, he abolished the department for economic counterintelligence, and also liquidated the counterintelligence department for the provision of strategic objects. Instead, he created six new directorates. Achieved significant salary increases and uninterrupted funding. Interestingly, Putin himself wished to be the first civilian director of the FSB, abandoning the rank of major general, which Yeltsin had suggested to him.

Putin left the post of FSB director on August 9, becoming the chairman of the government. Two days earlier, Chechen fighters under the command of Khattab and Basayev entered Dagestan. The creation of the Islamic State of Dagestan was proclaimed.

Already prime minister, Putin spearheaded an operation against the militants. In mid-September, they were finally driven out of Dagestan.

Nikolay Patrushev

After the transfer of Vladimir Putin to leading positions in the federal government, the FSB was headed by Nikolai Platonovich Patrushev. He held this post for 9 years.

It was during the period of his work that he had to confront the militants and terrorists. The Federal Security Service began to occupy a key position in ensuring the country's security.

Patrushev currently holds the post of Secretary of the Federal Security Council.

FSB General Ugryumov

Over the years, a large number of officers have held the post of deputy director of the FSB. Perhaps the most notable of them was Admiral German Alekseevich Ugryumov. This is the only naval officer to hold such a high position.

Ugryumov is from Astrakhan, in 1967 he entered the Navy. In 1975 he found himself in the system of the Soviet KGB. Supervised the special department of the Caspian military flotilla. In the 90s, he became one of the initiators of the case against journalist Grigory Pasko, who was prosecuted for espionage.

As deputy director of the FSB, he oversaw the work of the Special Purpose Center. It was to this unit that the famous special groups "Vympel" and "Alpha" belonged. He was noted for the conduct of counter-terrorist operations in the Chechen Republic. In particular, the liberation of Gudermes in 1999, the capture of one of the militant leaders Salman Raduev, and the release of hostages in the village of Lazorevskoye are associated with his figure.

In May 2001, he was awarded the rank of admiral. The next day he died of a heart attack.

FSB general uniform

To distinguish the generals to whom our article is devoted is quite simple in form.

It was last modified in 2006. Now the uniform is of a khaki color, it is distinguished by buttonholes and chevrons, as well as the cornflower blue color of the gaps on the shoulder straps.