Himalayan mountains. Incredible Himalayan Mountains

Geographical names of the world: toponymic dictionary. - M: AST. Pospelov E.M. 2001.

HIMALAYAS

the highest mountain system of the world, in Asia between Tibetan Highlands and Indo-Gang-Skoy lowland. The highest point of Jomolungma (Everest) - 8848 m. Alpine folds. South. The foothills are composed of sandstone, indigenous slopes and axial zone - gneisami, granites and other magmatic rocks. G. consist of three steps: the highest - large G., for which the crests of the Alpine type are characterized, high-altitude contrasts and glaciation (more than 33 thousand km2). Sowing. The slopes facing high Tibetan Highlands have a smaller relative height. G. are under the influence of the summer monsoon, in the east. Parts drops to 4000 mm of precipitation per year. Well expressed high-rise lower: from the marshy jungle at the foot of the evergreen rainforest, leaf fall and coniferous forests, shrubs, meadows. On sowing The slope of land, so the mountain steppes, semi-desert and cold desert dominate there. Above 5000 m - Eternal snow. Mountaineering is developed in Nepal.

Short geographic dictionary. Edwart. 2008.

Himalayas

(Himalayas., from Nepalese Himal - "Snow Mountain"), the highest mountain system of the globe, in Asia, between Tibetan Nagorem on S. I. Indo-Ganga Plain On Yu. (China, Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bhutan). Stretching a huge arc length approx. 2500 km, width up to 350 km. Environments Height of ridges OK. 6000 m, the highest point - Jomolungma (8848 m), 11 vertices rise above 8000 m. G. consist of several parallel mountain chains with steep south. and relatively gentle sowing. slopes. Sowing. The border serve wide valleys of the upper currents of the Ind and Brahmaputra.
G. formed into the Alpine Multification Epoch. South. Foothills are folded. Sandstones and conglomerates, indigenous slopes and axial zone - gneis, shale, granites and other crystalline rocks. Rise over the Indo-Ganga plain three steps. The lower form mountains Silovik (Pregimalaya), average - Small Himalayas (XP. Pier-Pandan. , Jaoladhar, etc.). Partially separated from them by the longitudinal valleys (Kashmir, Kathmandu, etc.) The highest mountain chain Large Himalayas which with Z. on V. are divided into Punjab, Quman, Nepalese, Sikkim and Assam. For a large city, a sharp alpine relief features, an extensive owl. Alession of general pl. 33200 km². The largest glacier - Gangotri (32 km; approx. 300 km²) in the Kumanovsky city
G. are brightly pronounced climetology: to Yu. The wet subequatorial climate is dominated from them, K. - Climate of cold highland deserts. Well expressed high-rise explanation. South. Footballs are common wetlands jungle (theraims), as they lifted by evergreen forests (palm trees, laurels, tree ferns, bamboo, sent by Lianov). Above 1200 m at Z. and 1500 m on V. The evergreen (oak and magnolia) dominated, above 2,200 m - leaves (alder, hazel, birch, male) and conifer (Himalayan cedar, blue pine, silver fir) forests; Coniferous forests (fir, larch, juniper) with a thick undergrowth of Rhododendron rises to 3600 m. Top. The border of the Alpine meadows reaches 5000 m and only here is replaced by a privilet-looking belt. Dry sowing. The slopes cover the mountain steppes, semi-deserts and cold deserts. Himalayan bears, wild goats, wild rams, yaks live from animals; Many rodents. To the height of 2500 m, the slopes are processed, characterized by terraced agriculture (tea bush, citrus, on irrigated lands - rice). In the city, especially in Nepal, mountaineering is widely developed and well organized.

Dictionary of modern geographical names. - Ekaterinburg: y-factor. Under the general edited by Acad. V. M. Kotlyakova. 2006 .

Himalayas

the highest mountain system of the globe, in Asia, between Tibetan highlands in the north and Indo-Ganga Plain in the south; In China, Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bhutan. The name happened from Nepalese "Himal" - "Snow Mountain". Form a huge arc for. OK. 2500 km, Shir. up to 350 km. Cf. High. Comb ridges. 6000 m, the highest point - Jomolungma (8848 m), 11 vertices rise above 8000 m. Himalayas consist of several parallel mountain chains with steep south. and relatively gentle sowing. slopes. Sowing. The border is a gigantic longitudinal depression, which occupied by the upper course of PP. Gang and Brahmaputra current in opposite directions.
Himalayas were formed during the Alpine Morning Epoch. South. The foothills are prepared mainly by sandstones and conglomerates, indigenous slopes and axial zone - gneisami, crystalline slates, granites, etc. crystal and metamorphic rocks. Mountain system rises above Indo-Ganga plain three steps forming mountains Silovik (Pregimalaya), Small Himalayas(XP. Pier-Pandagger, Jaoladhar, etc.) and partially separated from them longitudinal valleys (Kashmir Valley, Kathmandu, etc.) Large HimalayasWhich on strike with Z. on V. is divided into Punjab, Kuman, Nepalese, Sikkim and Assam. For large Himalayans, a sharp alpine form of relief is characteristic, an extensive modern glaciation of a common pl. 33 200 km². The largest glacier - Gangotri (approx. 300 km²) in the Kuman Himalayas.

Well expressed high-rise explanation. South. The pregnancy of the widged jungle (theraims) is common, as they are lined with evergreen tropical forests (palm trees, laigers, tree ferns, bamboo, and all this is passioned by Liana). Above 1200 m at Z. and 1500 m on V. The evergreen forests of oak and magnolia are dominated, above 2,200 m - leaves (alder, hazel, birch and cock) and coniferous (Himalayan cedar, blue pine, silver spruce) forest; on high 2700-3600 m are dominated by coniferous forests from fir, larch, juniper with a dense undergrowth of Rhododendron. The upper boundary of the Alpine meadows reaches high. 5000 m and only here is replaced by a priviless-looking belt. On northern, dry slopes where the influence of the monsoon is weakening, the mountain steppes, semi-desert and cold deserts dominate. Animals live a Himalayan Bear, wild goats, wild rams, yak; Many rodents. To high 2500 m The slopes are processed, characterized by terraced agriculture (tea bush, citrus, on irrigated lands - rice). In the Himalayas, especially in Nepal, mountaineering is widely developed and well organized.

Geography. Modern illustrated encyclopedia. - M.: Rosman. Edited by prof. A. P. Gorkina. 2006 .

Synonyms:

Watch what is "Himalayas" in other dictionaries:

Himalayas - Himalayas. View from Space Himalaya Abode of snow, Hindi. Contents 1 Geography 2 Geology 3 Climate 4 Literature 5 Links Geography of Himalayas ... Encyclopedia of the tourist

The highest mountain system of the globe, between Tibetan Highlands (in the North) and Indo Gangskaya Plain (in the south). Length sv. 2400 km, width up to 350 km. Among the high ridges approx. 6000 m, maximum height up to 8848 m, G. Jomolungma (Everest) Higher ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

SUT., Number of synonyms: 2 Mountain mining system (62) (52) Dictionary of Synonyms ASIS. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary

Himalayas - Himalayas, Mountains in the Center. Aziy, Velieshіyia on the earthly ball. Zap. Their tip of them is at 36 ° C. Shir., Vmѣstѣ, gyindukash, Kara Corum and Kuen Lunov, Veliezyshiy on the ground Gorn. Knot (see the map of KJ. British India). From here G. ... ... Military encyclopedia

This term has other meanings, see Himalayas (values). Himalayas ... Wikipedia

Himalayas - Snowy tops of the Himalayas. Himalayas, the highest mountain system of the globe, in Asia (India, Nepal, China, Pakistan, Bhutan), between Tibetan Highlands (in the North) and Indo Gangskaya Plain (in the south). Length over 2400 km. Height up to 8848 m (mountain ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

The mountain structure of Himalayas is undoubtedly the highest in the world. It stretches at a distance of 2,400 meters from the north-west towards the south-east. Her western part in width reaches 400 kilometers, oriental - approximately 150 kilometers.

In the article, we will look at where the Himalayas are, in which states the mountain range is spread and who lives in this territory.

The kingdom of snow

The pictures of the Himalayan vertices fascinate. Many will easily answer the question of how these giants are located in which planet.

The map shows that they are located on the extensive territory: starting from the northern hemisphere and ending with the South Asia and Indo-Ganga Plain on the way. Next, they smoothly develop already in other mountain systems.

The unusual of the location of the mountains is that they are located in the territory of 5 countries. Indians and Nepalese, and the Chinese, and residents of Bhutan, and Pakistan, and the Northern side of Bangladesh boasts the Himalayas.

How did Himalayas appeared and developed

This system of mountains, from the point of view of geology, rather young. It was attributed to the coordinates of the Himalayas: 27 ° 59'17 "Northern latitude and 86 ° 55'31" Eastern longitude

Highlight two phenomena, which influenced the appearance of mountains:

1. The system was formed mainly from precipitation and breeds interacting in the earth's crust. At first they were in peculiar folds, and then raised to a certain height.
2. The formation of the Himalayas affected the fusion of two lithospheric plates, which began about 50 million years ago. Because of this, the ancient ocean Tetis was missing.

The dimensions of the Himalayan vertices

This mining system includes 10 of the 14 largest mountains on the ground, which exceeded 8 km. The highest of them is Mount Jomolungma (Everest) - 8,848 meters up. On average, all Himalayan mountains exceed 6 km.

The table can be seen which vertices include the mountain system, their height and location of the Himalayas by country.

Three main steps

Himalayas Mountains formed 3 main levels, each of which is higher than the previous one.

Description of the Himalayan steps, starting with the smallest height:

1. The Salystik ridge is the most southern, low and youth level. Its length is 1 km 700 meters between the Nizenas Indea and Brahmaputra, and in width - from 10 to 50 km. The height of the hill is not superior to 2 km. This mountain range is mainly on the land of Nepal, capturing Indian states Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.
2. Small Himalayas are the second stage that goes in the same direction as the silence, only closer to the north. On average, their height is approximately about 2.5 km and only in the West they reach 4 km. These two Himalayan steps have many river valleys that share an array on insulated sections.
3. Large Himalayas are a third level, which is much norther and above the two previous ones. Some vertices are much more than 8 km in height. And lowering in mountain crests make up more than 4 km. Multiple glacier clusters are located on the square more than 33 thousand km 2. They have fresh water in the amount of about 12 thousand km 3. The largest and famous glacier - Gangotri - the beginning of the Indian River Gang.

Himalayan water system

The three are the largest South Asian Rivers - Ind, Brahmaputra and Gang - begin their way in the Himalayas Mountains. Western Himalayan Rivers enter the indices of the Indian River, and all others are adjacent to Brahmaputra-Ganga basin. The easternmost side of Himalayas belongs to the system also in this mountain structure there are many natural water bodies that have no messages with other rivers, seas and oceans. For example, Lake Bandong Tso and Yumjoyum-Tso (700 and 621 km 2, respectively). And there is still a lake Tilicho, which is very high in the mountains - at a mark of 1919 m, and is considered one of the most highly mountainous worldwide.

Extensive glaciers - another feature of the mining system. They cover the area of \u200b\u200b33 thousand km 2 and store about 7 km 3 snow. Glaciers, Gangotri and Rongbuck are considered the largest and longer.

Weather

Weather in the mountains changed, it affects the geographical position of the Himalayas, their extensive territory.

• On the south side under the monsoon influence in the summer there are a lot of precipitation - in the east to 4 meters, in the west to 1 meter per year, and in the winter there are almost no.
• In the north, on the contrary, there is almost no rain, the continental climate is dominated here, cold and dry. High in the mountains are strong frost and wind enhancement. Air temperature below -40 o C.

Temperature in the summer reaches the mark in -25 ° C, and in the winter - to -40 ° C. On the mountainous territory there are often winds at a speed of up to 150 km / h. In the Himalayas, the weather is quite often changing.

The Himalayan mountain structure affects the weather of the entire region. The mountains perform in the role of protection against chilling dry gusts of the wind, which blow from the north, so the climate in India is warmer than in Asian countries, which, by the way, are in the same latitudes.

In Tibet, the weather is very arid, since all monsoon winds, which are from the south side and bring many precipitation, cannot cross the high mountains. All moisture contents of air are settled in them.

There is an assumption that Himalayas took part in the formation of desert Asia, as they prevented the passage of rainfall.

Flora and fauna

Flora directly depends on the height of the Himalayas.

• The base of the Salystik ridge is covered with swampy forests and theractions (peculiar pores).
• Green dense forests with high tremors begin a little higher, deciduous and coniferous plants are found. Then there are mountain meadows covered with thick grass.
• Forests, which consist of deciduous trees and small shrubs, prevail at an altitude of more than 2 km. And coniferous forest arrays - more than 2 km of 600 meters.
• Above 3 km of 500 meters, the kingdom of shrubs begins.
• On the slopes from the north the weather is dry, so vegetation is much less. Mostly dominated mountainous deserts and steppes.

The fauna is very diverse and depends on where the Himalayas are located, and their positions above sea level.

• Wild elephants, antelopes, tigers, rhinos and leopards are inhabited in the southern tropics, a very large number of monkeys.
• The famous Himalayan bears, mountain rams and goats, yaki live a little higher.
• And even above, sometimes snow leopards are found.

There are many reserves in the territory of Himalayas. For example, Sagarmatha National Park.

Population

A significant part of people lives in southern Himalayas, whose height does not reach 5 km. For example, in Katils Kashirskaya and Kathmandu. These areas are pretty densely populated, land plots are almost all cultivated

In the Himalayas, the population is divided into ethnic groups. It so happened that in these places it is difficult to get, people lived with separate tribes for a long time, little in contact with neighboring. Often in the winter period, the inhabitants of any basin turned out to be completely torn off from others, because it was impossible to get to the neighbors because of snowflows in the mountains.

It is known where the Himalayas are located on the territory of the five countries. Residents of the region communicate in two languages: Indoary and Tibeto-Burmese.

Religious views will also be different: some are superozing Buddha, and others adopt Hindu.

Residents of Himalayev - Sherpi - live high in the mountains of Eastern Nepal, including the region of Everest. We often work out assistants in expeditions: Show the road and wear things. They adapted perfectly to height, so even at the highest points of this mountain system, they do not suffer from lack of oxygen. Apparently, it indulges them at the genetic level.

The inhabitants of Himalayas are engaged in mainly agricultural work. If land plots are relatively smooth and in stock there is a sufficient amount of water, the peasants are successfully growing potatoes, rice, peas, oats and barley. Where the climate is warmer, for example, in basins, lemons, oranges, apricots, tea and grapes grow. High in the mountains, residents contain yaks, sheep and goats. Yaki transport cargo, but they are kept still to obtain meat, wool and milk.

Special values \u200b\u200bof Himalayev

Attractions in the Himalayas Mountains Many: This is Buddhist and Hindu monasteries, temples, relics. At the foot of the mountains is the city of Rishikesh - a sacred place for Hindus. It was in this city that Yoga originated, this city is considered the capital of body harmony and soul.

The city of Hardwar or "Gate to God" is another sacred place for locals. It is located on the descent from the mountain of the Gang River, which follows the plain.

You can walk along the national park "The Valley of Flowers", which is located on the western side of the Himalayas. This territory is supped by beautiful colors of UNESCO National Heritage.

Travel travel

In the Himalaya mountain system, such sports as climbing on tops and pedestrian travels along the mountain paths are tremendous.

The most popular tracks include:

1. The famous path near Annapurna passes by the slopes of the same name mountain range in the north of Nepal. Travel length is about 211 km. In height, it changes from 800 m to 5 km 416 meters. On the way, tourists can admire the alpine lake Tilicho.
2. You can see the territory near Manaslu, which is around Mount Mansiri-Himal. It partly coincides with the first route.

At the time of these paths, the tourist preparation is influenced, season and weather. An unprepared person is dangerous immediately climbing height, as the "mountain disease" can begin. In addition, it is unsafe. You need to cook well, acquire special equipment for mountaineering.

Almost every person knows where the Himalayas are, and dreaming there to visit. Traveling to Mountains attracts tourists from different countries, including from Russia. Remember that climbing is better to perform in the warm season, it is best in autumn or spring. In the summer there are rains in the Himalayas, and in winter it is very cold and impassable.

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In this article, I will tell you about the most beautiful, the most fascinating and most amazing

mountains of our immense planet. It - Majestic Himalayas .

There are no such mountains anywhere else in the world.

Himalayas - This is a harsh edge of snow vertices towering above the earth. Mighty peaks of Himalayas are in the zone of eternal snow. In the afternoon, in the rays of the bright sun sparkle their snow-white caps, at sunset gently red painted their vertices, where on pink ridges of the mountains can be observed a bizarre game of light and shadow. With the arrival of the night, the isochki vertices are drawn against the background of a blue-black starry sky.

Himalayas - This is not only one of the most beautiful places created by nature itself, it is a sacred land which dwells Buddhist and Hindu deities. Himalayan Mountains – this is the largest mining system, a length of 2400 kilometers. From cold White Pyramid Namsha Barwa in the forests of Northern Assam in the East, this "Resident Snow" it stretches to the west along the border of Tibetan Highlands through Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal and Ladakh.

They ends in Pakistan with a powerful Western bastion of Nanga Parbat. The peaks of the southern Salyk mountains rise to the maximum on 1520 meters above sea level. On the north they border with small Himalayas, their average height is 4,570 meters.

The basis of the whole system is Large Himalayas Reaching maximum height in the territory of Nepal. There are 9 of the 14 highest faces in a small space. tire, including Everest (8846 m), Kanchen-Dzhanga height 8598 m, and Annapurna (8078 m). North of the Large Himalayans, there is a mountain range called Tibetan Himalayas (called the The Afony), with a huge Tibetan Highlage. The geologists found that the emergence of the Himalayan mountains, there was a minimum of three stages. Big Himalayas were formed first (approximately 38 million years ago); Following small Himalayas (about 26 and 27 million years ago); Finally, at the third stage, the Salymk Mountains appeared (approximately 7 million years ago). For the last 1 500 million years, the mountains rose 1370 meters away. In Hindu mythology, this region is called Deviabukhuni - the country of the gods. According to the legend - on top of Gaurishankar lived the great God of Shiva with his wife de we and daughter Himavat. Shiva - One of the supreme gods belonging to the Divine Trinity, the "Host of Animals". Therefore, his dwelling is among the eternal snow of Himalayas and three great Asian Rivers flow out of it - Indea, BrahmaputrA and Gang. However, judging by the ancient Hindu and Buddhist legends, the God of Shiva and his spouse is not the only deities inhabiting the Himalayan mountains.

The legends say that here, in the center of the Earth, stands the mountain to the measure, around which the sun is rotated, the moon and stars. And it is here that the cube lives - the God of wealth, the owner of terrestrial treasures and the lord of supernatural beings called Yakshami. Also (according to legend), the main one of the early Hindu gods lives on Mount Mere, Thunder. Giving rain and fertilizing the land of Indra. In 400 BC In search of religious truth, the Chinese monk Fa Xiang came to Himalayas. And French geographer Jean Baptiste Burgignon D 'Arvil was the most old accurate map in the 1930s of the 18th century. However, at that time, the batter could not correctly determine the height of many mountain peaks.

At the beginning of X.
IX century English, hunters on large animals (tigers and bears), returning from Himalayas retelling local legends about strange traces in the snow. It was the first mention of the existence of a "snow man." In the 50s of the XIX century, the highest top of the world It was known to the West just like peak XV. Indians called him Sagarmatha - "Heavenly Top"; For Tibetans, it was Jomolungma - i.e. "Mother Goddess of Earth." In 1862, the vertex was named Everest, this name was given to it by the British, in honor of Sir John Everest, Governor-General of India. Six years earlier, Sir J. Everest headed the expedition to be applied to the card Himalayan mountains.

By the end of the XIX century Tibet and Nepal Closed their borders for Europeans. And in 1921, the permission of the Dalais Lama, one expedition still visited the country. But they were able to get only before the foot of Everest and put on the map only his lower slopes. Three years later, in 1924, George Mallory (a member of the pastexpeditions) took

desperate attempt to climb the highest peak of the world. Mallory and his comrade Andrew Irwin were perhaps the first people who stood on top of Everest. They were almost at the peak itself when they were covered with a cloud. After that, no one ever seen them.

30 years later, the conquest of Everest feared British
Expedition headed by John Hantt. But, he could not reach the top.

The last assault was taken by New Zelandets Edmund Hillary and Nonhai Tenitsing. They were the first to stand there, where no people stood before them.

The attractiveness of Everest for climbers is undoubted, althoughmany attempts to achieve the vertices ended in failure, and sometimes the death of participants in expeditions. However, climbers do not stop nothing. To this day, they continue to storm the highest peak. But so far only 400 of them were able to reach the top and stand up on the "roof of the world."

Himalayas and Everest thoroughly protect their secrets, they also remain the only snow kingdom in their own way - the abode of the gods.

And a person will never comprehend these secrets.

The greatest mountains of the world will forever remain a mystery to humanity ...

However, these unique mountains are inhabited by some creatures, not afraid to settle on the snowy tops of the Himalayas.

See a stunning documentary about the inhabitants of the Himalayan verkhin.

They are recognized as the world's highest mining system. It separates the Industan Peninsula from the rest of Asia. In total, there are 109 peaks in the chain, most of which reaches a height of 7300 m above sea level. The highest vertex - Everest (in Nepali "Jomolungma", which means "Goddess Mother of Snow") - recognized as one of the most beautiful mountains of our planet.

The length of the Himalayan mountain range along the northern border of Industan is more than 2414 km. Caracorum Mountains entering it begin in the north-west of Pakistan and stretch to the southeast, moving through Kashmir to the Northern District of India. And, turning to the east, pass through the territories of several states (Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan), as well as on the territory of the province of Aru-Start-Pradesh, located in the north-eastern part of Assam. In the north of these areas lies the mountain watershed, followed by the Chinese areas of Tibetan mountains and Chinese Turkestan.

In 1856, in the Department of Land Use, one of the countries located on the territory was obtained interesting data. An analysis of photographic documents made in 1849-1850 showed that the height of the peak at the number of XV, located on the Tibetan-Nepalese border, was 8840 m above sea level. Then the peak with the number XV was recognized as the highest and named after the main topograph of India, George Everest. Now there are quite a few people who have never heard of the highest top of our planet and do not know Everest names.

With the opening of the new vertex in climbers, a completely natural goal appeared - conquering the highest mountain. In the 20s of the 20th century, several successful attempts to conquer the approach to Everest was taken. Then climbers walked mainly by Tibet, because Nepal was at that time a closed state, and therefore did not take tourists. After the Nepalese government opened the doors of his country for tourists, numerous climbers groups rushed to the southern slopes

Himalaya Mountains - the world's highest mountain system. It stretches approximately 2400 km in the direction from the North-West to the southeast and has a width of 400 km in the west to 150 km in the East.

Solarshakti / Flickr.com View on Snow-covered Himalayas (Saurabh Kumar_ / Flickr.com) Great Himalayas - View on the way to Lehe from Delhi (Karunakar Rayker / Flickr.com) You will have to cross this bridge if you are going to the Basic Camp of Everest (Ilker Ender / Flickr.com) Great Himalayas (Christopher Michel / Flickr.com) Christopher Michel / Flickr.com Christopher Michel / Flickr.com Sunset on Everest (旅者 / Flickr.com) Himalayas - from Samaleta (Partha S. Sahana / Flickr.com) Lukla Airport, Patan, Kathmandu. (Chris Marquard / Flickr.com) Valley of Flowers, Himalayas (Alosh Bennett / Flickr.com) Himalayan Landscape (Jan / Flickr.com) Bridge over Ganges (Asis K. Chatterjee / Flickr.com) Kanchenjanga, Indian Himalayas (A.OSTROVSKY / Flickr.com) Mountaineer at sunset, Nepal Himalayas (Dmitry Sumin / Flickr.com) Manaslu - 26,758 feet (David Wilkinson / Flickr.com) Animal World Himalayav (Chris Walker / Flickr.com) Annapurna (Mike Behnken / Flickr.com ) On the border of India and Tibet in Kinnur Himachal Pradesh (Partha Chowdhury / Flickr.com) Beautiful place in Kashmir (Kashmir Pictures / Flickr.com) Abhishek SHIRALI / Flickr.com Parfen Rogozhin / Flickr.com Koshy Koshy / Flickr.com Valcker / Flickr.com Annapurna Basic Camp, Nepal (Matt Zimmerman / Flickr.com) Annapurna Basic Camp, Nepal (Matt Zimmerman / Flickr.com)

Where are the Mountains of Himalayas, whose photos are so amazed? Most people have this question hardly cause difficulty, at least they will definitely answer, on which mainland these mountains stretched.

If you look at the geographical map, you can see that they are located in the northern hemisphere, in South Asia, between the Indo-Ganga Plain (in the south) and Tibetan Highlands (in the north).

In the West, they go to the Karakorum and Hindukush mountain systems.

The peculiarity of the geographical situation of Himalayas is that they are located on the territory of the five countries: India, Nepal, China (Tibetan Autonomous District), Bhutan and Pakistan. The foothills also intersect the northern outskirts of Bangladesh. The name of the mining system can be translated from Sanskrit as the "abode of snow".

Height of Himalaya

In the Himalayas are 9 out of 10 highest peaks on our planet, including the highest point in the world - Jomolungma, the height of which reaches 8848 m above sea level. Its geographic coordinates: 27 ° 59'17 "Northern latitude of 86 ° 55'31" Eastern longitude. The average height of the entire mining system exceeds 6000 meters.

Highest peaks of Himalayans

Geographical description: 3 main steps

Himalayas form three main steps: Range Sillar, Small Himalayas and Large Himalayas, each of which is higher than the previous one.

1. Ridge Silovik - The southernmost, the lowest and most geologically young stage. It stretched from about 1,700 km from Indus's valley to Brahmaputra Valley with 10 to 50 km width. The height of the ridge does not exceed 2000 m. Silk is located mainly on the territory of Nepal, as well as in the Indian states of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh.
2. Next Step - Small HimalayasShe goes north of the ridge for a silicle, parallel to him. The average height of the ridge is about 2500 m, and in the western part reaches 4000 m.hrebet, the silent and small Himalayas are strongly cut by river valleys, decaying separate arrays.
3. Large Himalayas - The northernmost and highest level. The height of individual vertices here exceeds 8000 m, and the height of the passage is more than 4000 m.shiroko the glaciers are developed. Their total area exceeds 33,000 square kilometers, and the total reserves of fresh water in them make up about 12,000 cubic kilometers. One of the largest and most famous glaciers - Gangotri, is the source of the Gang River.

Rivers and Lakes Himalayas

In the Himalayas begins the three largest rivers of South Asia - Ind, Gang and Brahmaputra. The rivers of the Western Taste of Himalayas belong to the Indus basin, and almost all the rest of the rivers - to the Ganges-Brahmaputra pool. The most eastern outskirts of the mining system belongs to the Iravadi pool.

In the Himalayas there are many lakes. The largest of them are Lake Bandong-Tso (700 km²) and Yumjo Yumzo (621 km²). Lake Tilio is located at an absolute mark of 4919 m, which makes it one of the most highly mountainous in the world.

Climate

The climate in the Himalayas is quite diverse. Moussenes have a strong influence on the southern slopes. The amount of precipitation increases here in the direction from west to east from less than 1000 mm to more than 4000 mm.

On the border of India and Tibet in Kinnur Himacharty Pradesh (Partha Chowdhury / Flickr.com)

Northern slopes, on the contrary, are in the rain shadow. The climate is dry and cold here.

In highlands there are severe frosts and winds. In winter, the temperature may drop to minus 40 ° C and even lower.

Himalayas have a strong influence on the climate of the entire region. They are a barrier for cold dry winds, which breathe from the north, which makes the climate of the Indian subcontinent much more warm compared to neighboring regions of Asia, located on the same latitudes. In addition, Himalayas are a barrier for monsoons, which breathe from the south and bringing a huge amount of precipitation.

High mountains do not miss these wet air masses on north, which makes the Tibet climate is very dry.

It is believed that Himalayas played a considerable role in the formation of the deserts of Central Asia, such as Takla Maka and Gobi, which is also explained by the effect of the rain shadow.

Origin and geology

In geological terms, Himalayas is one of the most young mining systems of the world; Refers to alpine folds. It is composed mainly by sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, crumpled in the fold and raised to a significant height.

Himalayas were formed as a result of the collision of the Indian and Eurasian lithospheric plates, which began approximately 50-55 million years ago. During this clash, the ancient ocean Tetis was closed and an orogine belt was formed.

Flora and fauna

The vegetable world of Himalayas is subordinate to the altitude explanation. At the foot of the ridge Silovka, vegetation is represented by marshy forests and thickets known here as "Terai".

Himalayan Landscape (Jan / Flickr.com)

Above they are replaced by evergreen tropical, deciduous and coniferous forests, and even higher - alpine meadows.

Deciduous forests begin to prevail at absolute marks more than 2000 m, and coniferous - above 2600 m.

At an altitude of more than 3,500 m, shrub vegetation prevails.

On the northern slopes, where the climate is much more arid, the vegetation is much poorer. Mountain deserts and steppes are common here. The height of the snow line varies from 4500 (southern slopes) to 6000 m (northern slopes).

Animal World of Himalayav (Chris Walker / Flickr.com)

Local fauna is quite diverse, and as well as vegetation depends mainly from height above sea level. The animal world of tropical forests of the southern slopes is characteristic of the tropics. Here, there are still found in the wilderness of elephants, rhinos, tigers, leopards, antelopes; Numerous monkeys.

The above is the Himalayan bears, mountain goats and rams, yaks, etc. In the highlands, such a rare animal is still found as a snow leopard.

In the Himalayas there are many different environmental territories. Among them are to celebrate the Sagarmatha National Park, within which Everest is partially located.

Population

Most of the people of Himalayas live in the southern foothills and in the intergoregous basins. The largest basins are Kashmir and Kathmandu; These regions are very thickly populated, and almost all the lands are cultivated here.

Bridge over Gang (ASIS K. Chatterjee / Flickr.com)

Like many other mountain regions, Himalayas are distinguished by a large ethnic and linguistic diversity.

This is due to the inaccessibility of these places, due to which the population is hardly every valley or the basin lived very apart.

Contacts Even with neighboring areas were minimal, so as to get to them, it is necessary to overcome alpine passages, which in winter often brings snow, and they become completely impassable. In this case, some intergurnaya basin could be fully isolated until the next summer.

Almost all population of the region speaks either in Indoary languages, which relate to the Indo-European family, or on Tibeto Burmese, attributable to the Sino-Tibetan family. Most of the population professes Buddhism or Hinduism.

The most famous people of Himalayev - Sherpi, who live in the Almost Nepal Nepal, including in the Everest area. They often work by conductors and porters in the expeditions on jomolungma and other vertices.

Annapurna Basic Camp, Nepal (Matt Zimmerman / Flickr.com)

Sherpi has hereditary high-altitude adaptation, thanks to which, even at very large altitudes, they do not suffer from mining disease and do not need additional oxygen.

Most of the population of Himalayas are busy in agriculture. In the presence of a fairly smooth surface and water, people cultivate rice, barley, oats, potatoes, peas, etc.

In the foothills and in some intergranty basins, more thermal-loving cultures are grown - citrus, apricots, grapes, tea, etc. In the highlands, the breeding of goats, sheep and yaks are common. The latter are used as a fabric animal, as well as for meat, milk and wool.

Attractions Himalayav

In the Himalayas there are many varied attractions. In this region there is a huge number of Buddhist monasteries and Hindu temples, as well as just places that are considered sacred in Buddhism and Hinduism.

Color Valley, Himalayas (Alosh Bennett / Flickr.com)

In the foothills of Himalayev, the Indian city of Rishikesh is located, which is sacred for Hindus, as well as widely known as the world capital of yoga.

Another sacred Hindu city is Hardwar, located in a place where Gang descends from Himalayas to the plain. From Hindi, his name can be translated as "gate to God."

From natural attractions it is worth mentioning the Flower Valley National Park, located in Western Himalayas, in the Indian state of Utarkhand.

The valley fully justifies its name: it is a solid flower carpet, quite unlike the usual alpine meadows. Together with Nanda-Devi National Park, it is a UNESCO Heritage Object.

Tourism

Himalayas are popular mountaineering and pedestrian tourism in the mountains. From hiking routes, the track is most famous around Annapurna, passing along the slopes of the same name mountain massif, in the north of the central part of Nepal.

Climber at sunset, Nepal Himalaya (Dmitry Sumin / Flickr.com)

The length of the route is 211 km, and its height varies 800 to 5416 m.

Sometimes tourists combine this track with a campaign to Lake Tilicho, located at an absolute mark of 4919 m.

Another popular route is a track around Manasla, passing around the mountain range Mansiri-Himal and partly coinciding with the route around Annapurna.

How much time will take passing these routes, depends on the physical training of a person, the time of year, weather conditions and other factors. At high-mountainous sites, it should not be too quickly gaining the height to avoid the symptoms of the mountain sickness.

The conquest of the Himalayan vertices is quite complicated and dangerous. It requires good preparation, equipment and implies the presence of climbing experience.

Traveling to Himalaya

Himalayas attract numerous tourists from Russia and other countries of the world. Journey to the Himalayas can be done at any time of the year, however, it is worth remembering that in the winter many passes make snow and some places become extremely difficult to access.

The most favorable time for tracking on the most popular routes - Spring and Autumn. In the summer, there is a rainy season, and in winter it is quite cold and the high probability of gathering avalante.