Analysis of the poem by A.S. Pushkin "The light of the day went out"

The work “The daylight went out ...” became the first poem of a new period of Pushkin's creativity and the beginning of the so-called “Crimean cycle” of elegies. This cycle also includes poems “The flying range of clouds is thinning ...”, “Who has seen the land where the luxury of nature ...”, “My friend, the traces of past years are forgotten by me ...”, “Forgive me jealous dreams. ..”, “Rainy day went out; rainy night haze ... ". Genre - romantic elegy.

Composition. The poem can be roughly divided into two parts. In the first, all the thoughts and feelings of the lyrical hero are directed to the "distant shore", the goal of the journey. In the second, he recalls the abandoned "fatherland". The parts of the poem are opposed to each other: the “distant shore”, to which the lyrical hero aspires, seems to him a “magic” land, to which he aspires “with excitement and longing”. “Fatherly lands”, on the contrary, are described as “sad shores”, they are associated with “desires and hopes, a weary deceit”, “lost youth”, “vicious delusions”, etc.

The elegy "The light of day went out ..." marks the beginning of the romantic period in Pushkin's work. Here sounds the theme of flight, traditional for romanticism. romantic hero. The poem contains the entire set of characteristic signs of a romantic worldview: a yearning fugitive, a homeland abandoned forever, hints of “crazy love”, deceit, etc.

It should be noted the extreme romanticism of Pushkin's images. The hero is not just on the border of the elements (between the ocean, sky and earth), but on the border of day and night; and also between the "crazy love of yesteryear" and "far beyond". Everything is brought to the limit: not the sea, but the "gloomy ocean", not just the coast, but the mountains, not just the wind, but wind and fog at the same time.

"Daylight went out" analysis of the work - theme, idea, genre, plot, composition, characters, problems and other issues are disclosed in this article.

History of creation

The elegy was written on a ship when Pushkin sailed from Kerch to Gurzuf with the Raevsky family. This is the period of Pushkin's southern exile. Raevsky took the ill poet with him on his journey so that he could improve his health. The ship sailed on a calm sea on an August night, but Pushkin deliberately exaggerates the colors in his elegy, describing the raging ocean.

Literary direction, genre

"The daylight went out" - one of the best examples of Pushkin's romantic lyrics. Pushkin is passionately interested in the work of Byron, in the subtitle of the elegy he calls "Imitation of Byron." It echoes some of the motives of Childe Harold's farewell song. But my own impressions and emotions, inner world of the lyrical hero of Pushkin are not like a cold and impassive farewell to the homeland of Childe Harold. Pushkin uses a reminiscence from a Russian folk song: "How the fog fell on the blue sea."

The genre of the poem "The daylight went out" is a philosophical elegy. The lyrical hero says goodbye to the sad shores of the foggy homeland. He complains about early youth (Pushkin is 21 years old), separation from friends and "young traitors". As a romantic, Pushkin somewhat exaggerates his own suffering, he is disappointed that he was deceived in his hopes.

Theme, main idea and composition

The theme of the elegy is philosophical sad reflections connected with the forced departure from the homeland. Pushkin says that the lyrical hero "fled", but this is a tribute to the tradition of romanticism. Pushkin was a real exile.

The elegy can be conditionally divided into three parts. They are separated by a refrain (repeat) of two lines: "Noise, noise, obedient sail, Wave under me, gloomy ocean."

The first part consists of only two lines. This is an introduction, creating a romantic setting. The lines combine solemnity (daylight) and song motifs.

The second part describes the state of the lyrical hero, hoping for happiness in the magical southern distant lands and crying about the abandoned homeland and everything connected with it: love, suffering, desires, deceived hopes.

The third part contrasts the uncertainty of the future, which in the second part is associated with hope, and sad memories of the past and the foggy homeland. There the lyrical hero fell in love for the first time, became a poet, knew sorrows and sufferings, his youth passed there. The poet regrets the separation from friends and women.

The result of the poem is only one and a half lines before the refrain. This is the main idea of ​​the poem: the life of the lyrical hero has changed, but he accepts both the previous life experience and the future unknown life. The love of the lyrical hero has not faded away, that is, a person always has a personal core that is not subject to changes in time or circumstances.

The obedient sail (so solemnly Pushkin calls the sail) and the gloomy ocean (in fact, the quiet Black Sea) are symbols of life circumstances on which a person depends, but he cannot influence them. The lyrical hero comes to terms with the inevitable, with the natural laws of nature, with the passage of time and the loss of youth, accepting all these phenomena, albeit with a slight sadness.

Size and rhyme

The elegy is written in multi-foot iambic. The feminine and masculine rhyme alternates. There are cross and ring rhymes. Variegated iambic and fickle rhyming bring the story closer to life. colloquial speech make Pushkin's poetic reflections universal.

Paths and images

The elegy combines clarity and simplicity of thought and an elevated style, which Pushkin achieves by using obsolete words, Old Slavonicisms: sail, limits, shores, youth, cold, confidantes, gold.

The sublime syllable is created by paraphrases: the daylight (the sun), the confidantes of vicious delusions, the pets of pleasures.

Pushkin's epithets are accurate and capacious, there are many metaphorical epithets: an obedient sail, a gloomy ocean, a distant shore, a midday land, magical lands, a familiar dream, sad shores, a foggy homeland, lost youth, light-winged joy, a cold heart, a golden spring.

Traditional epithets, combined with original ones, make speech close to folk: the sea is blue, evening fog, crazy love, distant limits. Such epithets are often in the inversion position.

There are metaphors that give the narrative liveliness: a dream flies, a ship flies, youth has faded.

“The light of day went out” is a wonderful imitation of Byron, this romantic elegy occupies a special place in Pushkin's creative legacy. Brief analysis“The daylight went out” according to the plan, you can use it in a literature lesson in grade 9 to explain the material. This analysis contains all necessary information about the work.

Brief analysis

History of creation- the elegy was written based on the impressions of a sea voyage from Kerch to Gurzuf in 1820. Pushkin saw the sea for the first time, and it fascinated him.

Theme of the poem- the feeling of an exile who is forced to leave his beloved homeland.

Composition- three-part, the parts are separated from each other by a refrain. There are only two lines in the first, the second describes the state of the hero, who, on the one hand, yearns for his native land, on the other, he hopes for healing that magic will give him. southern lands.

Genre- a romantic elegy.

Poetic size- multi-foot iambic with ring and cross rhyming.

epithets – “obedient sail”, “gloomy ocean”, “distant shore”, “land of noon”, “magic lands”, “familiar dream”, “sad shores”, “foggy homeland”, “lost youth”, “light-winged joy”, “cold heart”, “golden spring”.

Metaphors – “a dream flies”, “a ship flies”, “youth has faded”.

Inversions – "land of noon", “evening mist”, “distant limits”.

History of creation

The young poet traveled to the Crimea with the Raevsky family. It made an indelible impression on him. It was there that Pushkin first saw the sea, to which he later devoted many poems. But “The Light of Day Has Extinguished” has become one of the best. Here is its history of creation: the poet, together with the Raevskys, sailed on a ship from Kerch to Gurzuf, it was a night journey. The sea was calm, but Pushkin, keeping with the tradition, exaggerates, talking about the raging ocean.” The poem was written in August 1820.

The trip with the Raevskys gave the poet inspiration and reassurance, but he still continued to feel like an exile - this mood is also felt in the poem he created. Mourning the early departed youth, Pushkin was sad about the life that he could have had, at the same time realizing that everything external circumstances, even unfavorable, shape him as a creator.

Subject

The main theme is the sad reflections of the lyrical hero, connected with the loss of the opportunity to visit his native land. He is an exile who yearns for his native places, persecuted by those who do not depend on him. This is the main meaning of the work.

Composition

The elegy is divided into three parts by the poet himself - he uses a two-line refrain for this.

The first part is necessary to create a romantic atmosphere, it has song motifs.

The second part is dedicated emotional state a lyrical hero who mourns his youth and abandoned homeland, with which all the aspirations of his life were connected. At the same time, the verse shows his hope that the magical southern lands will help him heal from this longing.

In the third part, the past, with which the lyrical hero has many memories, is opposed to an unknown future. But in the end, he accepts his fate, comes to terms with life's circumstances and accepts them.

Genre

It's easy to define the genre. This is a romantic elegy, an imitation of Byron's works - in his youth, Pushkin was very passionate about the work of this English poet. At the same time, in contrast to Childe Harold's detached farewell (whose image is clearly imitated by the lyrical hero), the emotional mood of Pushkin's work is much brighter.

The work is written in multi-foot iambic with alternating male and female rhymes. These techniques, as well as alternating rhyme (ring and cross) make the poem closer to ordinary speech. Thus, Pushkin shows that the problem posed in the work is universal.

In this philosophical poem, the poet poses the problem of exile and, following the romantic tradition, somewhat exaggerates it.

means of expression

The sublime style, combined with the clarity and simplicity of thought, makes “The Light of Day Has Extinguished” perfect from the point of view of artistic means. Pushkin uses the following means of expression in the elegy:

• epithets- “obedient sail”, “gloomy ocean”, “distant shore”, “noon land”, “magic lands”, “familiar dream”, “sad shores”, “foggy homeland”, “lost youth”, “light-winged joy” , “cold heart”, “golden spring”.
• Metaphors- “a dream flies”, “a ship flies”, “youth has faded”.
• Inversions- “earth noon”, “evening fog”, “distant limits”.

The poet also uses obsolete words, thus creating an exalted syllable. Paraphrases are also used for this.

A.S. Pushkin wrote “The daylight went out” in 1820, when he went to his southern exile. Traveling by ship from Feodosia to Gurzuf inspired memories of an irrevocably past time. The environment also contributed to the gloomy reflections, because the poem was written at night. The ship moved quickly across the sea, which was covered with an impenetrable fog, which did not allow one to see the approaching shores.

Pushkin touched upon the themes of "poetry and the poet", love and civil lyrics in his works. “The daylight went out” is a vivid example, since in this poem the author is trying to understand the nature of the universe and find a place for a person in it. According to the form of writing, this work is an elegy - a genre of romantic poetry that inspires reflections on the lyrical hero about his fate, life, and his own destiny.

Pushkin's verse "The daylight went out" is conditionally divided into three parts, a refrain separates them from each other. At first, a picture of the night sea appears before the reader, on which fog has fallen. This is a kind of introduction to the main part of the philosophical work. In the second part, Alexander Sergeevich reminisces about bygone days, about what brought him suffering, about former love, about hopes and desires, about painful deceit. In the third part of the verse, the poet describes his homeland, recalls that it was there that his youth faded away, that his friends remained in this country.

Pushkin wrote “The Sun of the Day Has Extinguished” not to complain about his fate or to be sad about the irrevocably gone youth. The final part of the poem contains the main meaning - the hero has not forgotten anything, he remembers his past well, but he himself has changed. Alexander Sergeevich did not belong to the romantics who wanted to constantly remain young, he calmly perceives the natural changes that occur to a person: birth, growing up, the period of maturity, old age and death.

Pushkin's poem "The daylight went out" symbolizes the transition from youth to maturity, and the poet does not see anything wrong with it, because wisdom comes with age, and a person begins to understand more, more objectively evaluate the events. The lyrical hero recalls the past with warmth, but he also treats the future quite calmly. The poet surrenders to the mercy of the natural course of things, he understands that a person is not able to stop time, which in the poem is symbolized by the ocean and the sail.

A.S. Pushkin wrote “The daylight went out” in order to express his humility before the natural laws of life. This is precisely the humanistic pathos and the main meaning of the work. In nature, everything is thought out in detail, the natural processes that occur with a person are not subject to him, he is not able to stop growing up, aging or outwit death, but this is the eternal flow of life. The poet bows before the justice and wisdom of nature and thanks her not only for joyful moments, but also for bitterness from insults, emotional wounds, because these feelings are part of human life.