Turning and milling copying machine for wood USSR. Copy-milling machines for wood: description of how to make it yourself

Site development 16.10.2023
Site development

In order to make a copier for a wood lathe, you will need the following components that will be necessary in the manufacturing process:

  • electric motor with a power of approximately 800W;
  • metal shaft with a nozzle for changing the saw blade;
  • metal profile of square section, metal corners;
  • wooden sheet;
  • furniture guides;
  • metal marker;
  • fastening materials.
  • welding machine, grinder.

First you need to make metal guides.

They will allow you to move the entire copier structure in the longitudinal plane. In this case, two metal corners are used, which are turned over with the sharp side down. The corners are welded together into pieces of metal profile.

This approach allows us to provide the necessary mechanical strength and eliminate the possibility of the guides bending under the weight of the copier. In practice, any other metal profile can be suitable for the manufacture of longitudinal guides, the main thing is that its mechanical parameters allow it to carry out the assigned tasks.

In this case, a wooden box and board were used to make the base of the future copier. The board is sized to allow movement inside the box in a perpendicular plane.

For fastening and subsequent movement, ordinary furniture guides are used.

The engine is attached to the board on top. In this case, the power of the electric motor is 800 W and the speed is 3000 rpm. Depending on your needs, you can use a motor with other parameters.

Next, the shaft should be secured to the board at such a distance that the belt drive normally connects two pulleys, one of which is located at the end of the motor shaft, and the second on the horse shafts of the saw blade. A homemade shaft with one bearing is used here.

A U-shaped structure must be made from a square metal profile. In the upper part of the U-shaped structure, a special metal holder of square cross-section is welded to the horizontal bar. The length of the holder must be less than the length of the marker.

To secure the marker in the holder, holes are drilled on the top plate. A metal nut is welded onto each hole and a bolt is screwed into it. Two bolts will be enough for reliable fixation. The adjustable marker is very convenient when changing saw blades of different diameters.

Simply install the desired disk and use a plumb line to align the marker with the edge of the disk. The marker mount must correspond to the position of the saw blade in all planes. This allows you to simply move the marker along the prepared template to coaxially move the disk along the rotating workpiece.

The entire machine is assembled from two channels and metal corners for the sheath. On which a motor is mounted that rotates a wooden piece. In this case, an electric motor with a power of 1200 W is used.

You can use an old frame from some other machine as a frame. For ease of operation, it is better to place the engine on a removable metal plate, which allows you to move the structure with the workpiece, both in the vertical and horizontal planes.

The clamping head is made of four metal plates in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped. Two nuts are welded into the end walls of the clamping head, into which a metal screw is screwed. A cone with a cartridge is installed at the end of the screw.

In cases where you need to eliminate the possibility of contamination of the surrounding space with sawdust from the operation of the machine or to minimize the percentage of contamination, you should make a hood.

The saw blade is covered with a metal casing, to which a flexible corrugated hose and a compressor unit are connected to create an air flow of a given power.

Video: making a copier for a wood lathe.

Copier for wood lathe with manual router

We suggest that you make your own copying device with minimal time investment; the machine can be put into “industrial production” of turned parts by the evening. The “cutting tool” will be a hand router; the technical characteristics of the parts being manufactured depend on the technical characteristics of the wood lathe. Despite the fact that the copier is made using plywood, it can produce up to hundreds of products from one copier, you will agree that this quantity is quite enough to fulfill most wholesale orders.

The device does not look exactly “attractive” from a design point of view, but we did not set such a task for ourselves. We tried to make our “equipment” as simple to manufacture and more or less reliable as possible. Which is what happened in the end. How is a copier made? Let's get to know him better.

Copier device

An ordinary hand-held milling cutter is used for the cutting tool; the specific model does not matter. Place the router on the support platform, our platform dimensions are 500×200 mm, made of sheet plywood 12 millimeters thick. You can slightly increase or decrease the linear parameters of the site depending on the size of the hand cutter. On the site, make holes for the cutter to exit and holes for installing mounting bolts. In order to completely eliminate unauthorized spontaneous movements of the cutter during operation, we advise you to install additional stop bars around the perimeter on the site, secure the bars with self-tapping screws, the length of the screws is selected taking into account the thickness of the fixing bars.

The router must be installed between the stop bars, check the reliability of its fixation, any vibrations are completely eliminated. The far end of the platform should “ride” along the pipe the entire length of the wood lathe, we used a Ø 25 mm pipe, you can use other pipes for making. The main thing is that they can withstand the weight of the router without bending, that they are absolutely flat and have a perfectly smooth surface. Secure the ends of the pipe with two wooden blocks; in our case, 80x35 mm blocks were used. Screw the bars to the body of the lathe using metal screws; you do not have to cut threads for the bolts. If your machine design does not allow you to fasten the bars in this way, then solve this problem in your own way.

Installation of the main structural elements of a homemade copier

Strong advice - do not rush during the manufacture of equipment; turned parts for a copier do not forgive even the slightest violations not only of technology, but also of the location of the working axes. It follows from this that the axis of the pipe along which the milling cutter will move must be perfectly parallel to the axis of rotation of the lathe. We naturally found that the axis of the pipe coincided with the axis of the machine, but this condition is not necessary. The main thing is that the cutting tool of the cutter in its lowest position coincides with the axis of the machine, and this parameter can be adjusted by the level of the copier.

The pipe is fixed in the blind holes of the bars; before fixing it, you need to put two bars on it, on which the bearing platform of the router will be installed. An important condition is that the bars for the platform should slide easily along the guide pipe, but wobbling is prohibited. Check this parameter and, if necessary, manually lap the pipe and bars. Then attach the router support pad to the bars and install the router on it. Check the smoothness of sliding again, making sure that there is no wobble at all. Don’t be afraid of such “strict” requirements for gliding quality. If you have a pipe with a normal surface and completely flat, then achieving smooth sliding is not difficult.

Installation of a horizontal bar

This is the second “working” element of a homemade copier; in terms of installation accuracy, you must comply with all the above requirements. The profile template of the parts is attached to the horizontal bar. A 70×30 mm block is quite suitable for manufacturing; it is attached with self-tapping screws to vertical wooden posts; fix the posts in any convenient way to the lathe bed. The upper edge of the horizontal bar must be parallel to the axis of the machine and be flush with it. If the copier becomes temporarily unnecessary, the block can be easily removed, the mounting platform for the router tilts to the rearmost position and the wood lathe can be used for its intended purpose.

Attach a vertical stop to the working platform of the router; we made it from thin plywood; you can use more durable materials, even metal. This part will move along the copier during turning and set the spatial position of the cutter; fasten the copier as firmly as possible. There is a direct relationship in terms of thickness: the thinner it is, the more accurately the dimensions will be taken from the template. But there is another dependence - too thin a copier makes it difficult to move the device along the template, choose the golden mean. The height of the copier must be adjusted after the final assembly of the machine; during adjustment, all the listed conditions must be observed. One more thing. If you have a copier made of plywood, then you need to make it removable; this will allow you to quickly replace a worn-out copier with a new one while turning a large number of similar products.

Copier stop

How the template is made

There's nothing new here. Draw the outline of the part to be turned on a strip of plywood or OSB board, check all the dimensions again and carefully cut out using an electric jigsaw. The edges must be sanded to remove nicks and irregularities. Attach the template to the horizontal rail with self-tapping screws; when fixing, observe all installation dimensions.

Some features of turning

You will have to move the device only with two hands, otherwise it may jam on the pipe. Another problem is that the radii of curvature of turned parts are limited by the diameter of the cutter; this must be kept in mind when choosing the profile of turned parts. Practice shows the dependence of the feed speed on the diameter of the cutter: the smaller the diameter of the cutter, the less the feed should be and vice versa.

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  • A variety of equipment, including machines, can be used to work with wood. Through the use of such equipment, it accelerates the process of mechanical processing of wooden blanks. A wood lathe with a copier is in great demand, which greatly simplifies the execution of tasks: making furniture legs, door handles and balusters.

    Classification of lathes

    Many people decide to buy and install lathes in their own workshop because of their possible use in the manufacture of cylindrical products. There are quite a large number of different models; they can be divided into several groups:

    1. Classic equipment, when the workpiece is located in a chuck or faceplate. A cutter is used as a cutting tool. The workpiece can rotate at different speeds. However, the equipment is not suitable for mass production.
    2. Copying machines can be used to work from a template. By using a template, you can simplify the task of manufacturing similar products. For small-scale production, a manually operated machine is suitable, as it is low cost and easy to use.
    3. Milling machines are extremely common today. This is due to the fact that they are widely used in the production of cabinet and flat parts made of wood and metal. There is also a wood turning and milling machine, which can be used to perform various operations.
    4. Models with numerical control. In mass production or the manufacture of expensive products, equipment that has a CNC unit can be used. However, the use of a copier significantly reduces the cost of the product.

    The copying device for a wood lathe has very attractive characteristics, due to which they began to be installed in private and other workshops.

    Classic design

    Industrial machines have a rather complex design, especially CNC versions, which can carry out processing automatically. The required product can also be obtained using copying equipment. The classic design is represented by a combination of the following main components:

    A homemade copier for a wood lathe also allows for high-quality processing of workpieces.

    DIY making

    Industrial versions of machines are expensive. That is why many are considering the possibility of assembling the machine with their own hands. Recommendations for carrying out the work are as follows:

    Most attention is paid to the production of the copier. This is what distinguishes a lathe from a copying machine.

    Creating a copier

    The copier is used to produce similar products. Due to its use, the productivity indicator is significantly increased. Among the features associated with creating a copier, the following points are noted:

    The template is made of plywood and is screwed to the front surface of the beam. The upper surface of the previously installed beam is aligned with the axis of the template.

    Disadvantages of the device in question

    A homemade copying machine has a fairly large number of significant disadvantages. An example is the following information:

    That is why it is recommended to install industrial machines to establish the production of complex wooden elements.

    Wood cutting machine Proma DSL-1200

    The model in question is intended for processing wooden products that can be used as decorative elements. Experts call a distinctive feature of the design the presence of two incisors:

    This machine model can be used to work with large workpieces. To do this, the structure is equipped with a steady rest, which is mounted on rods that act as guides. The installed faceplate allows processing multi-faceted products.

    Main characteristics of the model:

    The disadvantage of this proposal, like many others, is the rather high cost.

    If you need to make a copy of an object made of wood or metal, copying equipment comes to the rescue; for this purpose it is used in many enterprises. In particular, copy-milling installations are designed to create objects that replicate the original sample as closely as possible.

    Modern types of machines make it possible to perform work accurately and quickly in large quantities. Such installations are great for creating copying works on a plane and in volume using appropriate copiers and volumetric models. We will learn from the article what a wood milling and copying machine is, how it works and what its approximate price is.

    Milling and copying equipment

    This type of machine is one of the methods of mechanical processing to create objects of the desired geometric shape. The surface of the workpiece is processed in several stages - roughing, semi-finishing and finishing.

    The scope of application of milling machines is very wide - these are shaped parts made of wood, plane milling, profile processing, volumetric milling of reliefs of objects and parts. Before going into mass production, milling machines must undergo special certification to comply with all safety standards and regulations necessary during the work process.

    Thanks to the method of template copying technology, the same shape of all parts is obtained and the error of the worker servicing the machine is reduced to zero, since the person does not influence the working process of the unit.

    To produce a series of absolutely identical finished products it is necessary to use special templates or a product that was made based on it. Experts recommend equipping the unit with a pantograph. This is a mechanism that transmits movements to the cutting tool as accurately as possible along the head installation profile.

    Processing the workpiece according to the copier through the copying mechanism gives a command to all actuators of the unit. The installation cutter and the part that is being milled recreate the surface specified on the copier in relative movement.

    The main movements include the working table of a milling machine, movement along the contour of the slide, and rotation of the spindle. The secondary ones are:

    • Moving the tracer table, the installation nature of the copying finger and stops.
    • Acceleration of the movement of the spindle of the slide and the working surface of the table.
    • Spindle head clamp.

    Copy milling can be of two types:

    • Outline.
    • Volumetric.

    Contour milling is different in that when processing wood the copier curve is located in a parallel or perpendicular axis working tool. In one case, the working surface with the workpiece and the copier moves only in the parallel or transverse direction of the copier, its curved line. They can also only move longitudinally, in which case the entire curve process is controlled by moving the tracing finger and cutter in the vertical plane.

    When the volumetric copying process is underway, the workpiece has a spatially complex surface. It is processed by two or more parallel strokes of the work table, with each stroke performing contour milling. The working tool of the machine that carries out the entire process, after each working pass forced to move relative to the part to the cross feed rate perpendicular to the line, then the table moves again.

    Purpose of milling and copying units and their advantages

    This equipment has long become indispensable for small furniture workshops. They help to mill straight and curved surfaces, drill holes, and make nests of various configurations in wood.

    They are used for carving different types of wood, for copying sculptures and flat-relief surfaces. Machines help to significantly improve the quality of processed products. The main advantages of copy-milling machines for wood include:

    • Compactness.
    • High strength.
    • Long service life.
    • High precision and reliability of machines.

    Price for wood milling and copying machines

    The equipment is designed for surface treatment soft and hard wood, so they are perfect for carpentry and model workshops.

    Milling and copying units made in Italy G 60 - G 80 - G90 GRIGGIO, are very popular in carpentry and furniture production. They are designed for milling curved and straight contours, nests, contours and grooves, drilling and countersinking holes in carpentry and furniture blanks. Excellent for processing furniture facades and door panels. Worktable size - 750x600 mm, vertical travel of the worktable - 150 mm, spindle movement in the vertical plane - 80 mm, spindle rotates with a frequency of 9,000-18,000 rpm. Approximate price: 339,000 rubles.

    Milling and copying machine VFK-810 (table rotation angle up to 45 o) - designed for milling curved and straight contours, nests, grooves, countersinking and drilling holes in furniture and joinery blanks. An important advantage is the high speed of up to 20,000 rpm, the ideal quality that the spindle provides. The lift of the table is 200 mm, its size, length - 1,000 and width - 800 mm. Approximate price - 274,000 rubles.

    Milling and copying unit WINNER LH-1000 made in Taiwan - ideal for making paneled doors and other types of carpentry work. Such operations are the most complex and labor-intensive, so even an experienced and highly qualified master is not able to cope with such a task in a short time. It produces a paneled element in one pass; the multi-level spindle quickly changes the profile without rearranging the tool. It is equipped with a special table with a flat coordinate system, which provides high accuracy of all milling operations performed, as well as safety. The spindle rotates at a frequency of 9,000 rpm, the price of the machine is 1,246,463 rubles.

    Copy-milling machine made in China MX 5068. Its distinctive features are high speed up to 18,000 rpm, the spindle provides ideal quality, and the products do not require further processing. Vertical movement of the spindle from a pneumatic drive, rotation of the table by 45 o, increased dimensions of the work table - 805-600 mm, maximum thickness of the workpiece - 150 mm, machine weight - 440 kg, product price - 193,240 rubles.

    Equipment such as a modern copy-milling machine is highly accurate and reliable in performing various types of work. In order to start working on it, 2-3 days of training is enough, after which you can create real masterpieces in wood.

    Very often there is a need to make an exact copy of a certain part from various materials. In production conditions, a special copying machine for wood and metal is used for this. This type of device is very easy to make yourself using simple materials. The advantage of such a copy-milling machine is its high productivity. If you do everything correctly in a short period of time, you can get a lot of high-quality parts that will be no different from the original sample.

    General description of the equipment

    The purpose of wood copying and milling machines is to process various parts both in volume and in plane. Their operating principle is somewhat similar to units with. If wood samples are processed, then using milling machines of this type the following can be achieved:

    • reproduce any ornaments;
    • apply the desired inscription to the surface of the workpiece;
    • engrave shaped profiles;
    • obtain complex volumetric workpieces with multiple small parts that are placed in different planes.

    A milling and copying unit that works with wooden parts is most often used for furniture production. It helps to create all the necessary decorative elements, which is difficult to achieve in any other way.

    Features of the unit

    A milling machine for metal or wood works using the following rules:

    • The cutting element in this type of equipment is a milling cutter. It creates the desired contour or volumetric elements in accordance with the established software specifications;
    • There is another connecting element between the cutting element and the tracking device. This is a supply and control system, which can be mechanical (used in the simplest units that process wood), hydraulic or pneumatic;
    • As a copier, a specially created template, outline drawing or a ready-made part is mainly used. CNC copy-milling machines do not require such samples, so they are considered universal. These units operate thanks to numerical commands that are specified by the user through a special interface.
    • templates can be blanks made from any materials - wood, metal, plastic, etc.

    Types of milling machines with copying function

    Copying machines can have different drives. On this basis, this equipment is divided into:

    • units where a pantograph is present. Allows you to copy at the desired scale. The equipment where the pantograph is installed can process parts in several directions. The design of this unit also includes an axis of rotation. The pantograph provides the required scale of processing due to a certain ratio of distances between these elements;
    • copiers that are equipped with a working mechanism mounted on a rotary rack;
    • devices with single or multiple spindles that have rotary tables of various sizes and shapes;
    • units with different supply schemes - mechanical, hydraulic, electrical;
    • photocopying installations.

    Depending on the degree of automation of all operations and the method of fixation, this equipment can be:

    • desktop, where the workpiece is secured mechanically;
    • stationary, where parts are fixed using pneumatic clamps;
    • stationary with and three-spindle head.

    Do-it-yourself copying machine for a router

    Homemade machine design

    A DIY wood milling machine will consist of the following structural elements:

    • work surface that fits in size;
    • a supporting frame that will ensure the stability of the unit during operation;
    • unit required for installing cutters.

    When making this homemade product, you need to take into account that the milling head used must be equipped with a transmission mechanism, which must have an electric motor. This will provide the unit with several operating modes at different speeds.

    A homemade copying machine does not have precise control, which leads to a decrease in the quality of parts made with its help. All the shortcomings are especially pronounced when changing the direction of the cutter or during active operation of the unit, which is accompanied by vibration in the entire plane of the structure. It is almost impossible to eliminate these defects. Therefore, it is recommended to create narrow-profile units that are aimed at processing only certain parts.

    Also, during the manufacture of a homemade copying machine, you should pay attention to the weight and dimensions of the parts being processed. The larger they are, the more massive the supporting frame of the equipment should be. This will absorb all the resulting vibrations and provide a sufficient margin of safety, which will make the machine you created with your own hands durable and reliable.

    To ensure high quality processing of wood parts, care should be taken to ensure sufficient engine power. If it is 150-220 W, then ensuring the required rotation speed of the cutter will not be difficult.

    It is also necessary to remember that the assembly that connects the cutter to the copying probe must be strong and reliable. It is very important that their plane and the surface of the desktop completely coincide. As a result, the created structure is rigidly installed on the supporting frame. It should also move freely along the working surface in all necessary directions.

    Using these tips, it is very easy to create a copying machine yourself. But we should not forget that its scope is limited. If you need to process parts of different types and sizes, it is better to purchase universal equipment that is manufactured in a factory.

    Video: Do-it-yourself copying machine

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