What do the letters e, e, u, i stand for. What do the letters e, e, u, i stand for Sound volume 2 letters

In this lesson, we will learn in which cases the letters E, E, Yu, I can represent two sounds, and in which - one sound and indicate the softness of the previous consonant sound. Let's do a lot of interesting tasks.

The letters E, E, Yu, I can represent one sound and indicate the softness of the previous consonant sound.

As we already know, consonants can be hard and soft. Compare pairs of words by pronunciation.

Mayor - meter

It is obvious that in the first column the first consonant sound is hard, in the second it is soft.

Remember: the letters E, Yo, Yu, I after the consonant indicate its softness.

Let's pronounce the words and determine what sounds the letters E, Yo, Yu, I stand for after consonants: forest - sound [e], honey - sound [o], trousers - sound [y], ball - sound [a].

It can be concluded that the letters E, E, Yu, I after consonants denote 1 vowel sound and indicate the softness of the consonant that comes in front.

The letters E, Yo, Yu, I can represent two sounds

Often the letters E, E, Yu, I are the first in words. For example: spruce, hedgehog, spinning top, apple.

Slowly and clearly say these words aloud. In the word spruce the letter E stands for two sounds Y E, in the word Hedgehog the letter Yo stands for two sounds YO, in the word whirligig the letter Yu stands for two sounds YU, in the word Apple the letter I stands for two sounds YA.

We learned that at the beginning of a word the letters E, E, Yu, I denote two sounds:

the letter E sounds like [ye], the letter Yo sounds like [yo], the letter Yu sounds like [yu], the letter I sounds like [ya]. Consider examples of words where E, E, Yu, I stand after b and b signs: trees (the letter I after the b sign means two sounds - [ya]), entrance (the letter E after the b sign means two sounds [ye]). Let's say the words and determine what sounds the letters E, Yo, Yu, I stand for: stakes [ya], shooting [yo], congress [ye], blizzard [yu], drinks [yo]. So, the letters E, E, Yu, I denote two sounds if they come after b and b signs.

The next task will help us understand what the letters E, E, Yu, I will stand for after the vowel.

In the word lighthouse the letter I stands after the vowel A and denotes two sounds [ya].

Red Apple.

Rice. 10. Red apple ()

In the word red the letter E comes after the vowel O and denotes two sounds [ye].

Remember:

The letters E, Yo, Yu, I denote two sounds if they stand:

1. At the beginning of a word (south, pit)
2. After vowels (application, sing)
3. After b and b (entry, bindweed).

The letters E, Yo, Yu, I got the name iotized vowels, because in some positions they denote two sounds, the first of which is the sound [th], which is called iot.

Consolidation of knowledge in practice

Let's consolidate the acquired knowledge by completing tasks.

Let's divide the words into two columns: the first column - where the letters E, E, Yu, I denote 1 sound, the second column - 2 sounds.

Branch, drinking, Petya, Alyosha, mint, singing, friends, birch, chandelier, ate, blue.

Vetka drinks

Petya sing

Alyosha friends

mint eaten

birch blue

In this task, in column 1 we will assign words where the letter I indicates the softness of the consonant sound, in column 2 - where I denotes two sounds.

Bright, pull, Petya, trees, clear, ball, plants, Anya, hawk, seamstress, mountain ash.

Let's check the correctness of the task:

pull bright

petya trees

Anya plants

rowan hawk

Read the poem and underline the letters that represent two sounds.

We're going, we're going, we're going

To distant lands

good neighbors,

happy friends

Check the correctness of the task:

We e dem, e dem, e dem

Far away e kra I ,

are good e neighbours,

happy e friend I .

In the next lesson, we will learn that a soft sign is a letter that is not pronounced, but means the softness of the consonant after which it stands. Let's talk about the rules for hyphenation of words with a soft sign.

1. Klimanova L.F., Babushkina T.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Enlightenment, 2012 (http://www.twirpx.com/file/1153023/)
2. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronina O.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Balass.
3. Ramzaeva T.G. Russian language. 2. - M.: Bustard.

1. School.xvatit.com().
2. Nsportal.ru ().
3. Genon.ru ().

• Klimanova L.F., Babushkina T.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Enlightenment, 2012. Do exercise. 95 p. 67.
• Guess riddles. In the answer words, find the letters E, E, Yu, I and underline them with one line if they mean 1 sound, or with two lines if they mean 2 sounds.

A value that characterizes the auditory sensation for a given sound. G. h. in a complex way depends on the sound pressure (or sound intensity), frequency and mode of vibration. At a constant frequency and shape of vibrations G. z. grows with increasing . pressure

Curves of equal loudness - the dependence of the sound level. pressure (in dB) versus frequency at a given loudness (in phons).

(rice.). With the same sound. G.'s pressure h. pure tones (harmonic vibrations) decomp. the frequencies are different, that is, at different frequencies, sounds of different intensities can have the same volume. G. h. this frequency is evaluated by comparing it with the loudness of a pure tone with a frequency of 1000 Hz. sound level. pressure (in dB) of a pure tone with a frequency of 1000 Hz, as loud (by comparison) as the measured sound, called. volume level of the given sound (in phons).

Physical Encyclopedic Dictionary. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. . 1983 .

The subjective quality of an auditory sensation that allows all sounds to be ranked on a scale from quiet to loud. G. h. depends ch. arr. from sound intensity, but also on the distribution of energy on a frequency scale. Unit G. h. 1 is defined as the loudness of a tone with a frequency of 1 kHz and a sound pressure level of 40 dB (relative to 2*10 -5 Pa).

The measurement of the loudness of an arbitrary sound is based on the ability of a person to establish the equality of the loudness of two sounds or their ratio (how many times one sound is louder than the other). For pure tones G. h. depends on sound pressure level R by law, where p 0 - hearing threshold, k- constant, depending on the frequency of the sound, its duration and the individual characteristics of the listener; magnitude P depends on p and p 0<р< 30 dB n>2, at 30 dB<R<60 дБ P 1, at R>60 dB P 0.5. In the definition within the same frequency and intensity of two sounds, the shorter one seems less loud (the phenomenon of temporary summation of loudness). The time constant of this summation is approx. is 10 ms. Near the threshold of hearing, it is greater than at high sound pressure levels.

The dependence of the sound pressure level of pure tones on the frequency at a given volume. Each curve combines tones of all frequencies, equal in loudness for listeners aged 18-20 with normal hearing (the curves are taken according to the recommendations of the International Standards Organization, adopted in the USSR).

In practical tasks G. h. it is customary to characterize the level of G. z., measured in backgrounds. G.'s level z. 1 kHz tones in backgrounds are numerically equal to the level sound pressure in dB. For an arbitrary sound, the level of G. z. is determined by the selection of an equal-loud tone of 1 kHz with a known loudness level. To assess the level of G. h. sinusoidal tones, narrow-band noise and some consonances, it is convenient to use the equal loudness curves adopted by the international. standard (fig.). Curves of equal loudness are used in the construction sound level meters, designed to measure the volume level of noise.

Lit.: Zwicker E., Feldkeller R., The ear as a receiver of information, trans. from German, 2nd ed., M., 1971.

H. A. Dubrovsky.

Physical encyclopedia. In 5 volumes. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. Editor-in-Chief A. M. Prokhorov. 1988 .

See what "SOUND VOLUME" is in other dictionaries:

The magnitude of the auditory sensation, depending on the intensity of the sound and its frequency. At a constant frequency, the volume of the sound increases with increasing intensity. With the same intensity, sounds in the frequency range 700 6000 ... ... have the highest volume. Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

sound volume- The magnitude of the auditory sensation, depending on the intensity of the sound and its frequency [Terminological dictionary for construction in 12 languages ​​(VNIIIS Gosstroy of the USSR)] Topics noise, sound EN sound loudnesssound volume DE Lautstärke FR intensité de sonvolume… … Technical Translator's Handbook

Sound loudness is the subjective perception of the strength of sound (the absolute value of the auditory sensation). Loudness mainly depends on sound pressure, amplitude and frequency of sound vibrations. Also, the sound volume is affected by its spectral ... ... Wikipedia

The magnitude of the auditory sensation, depending on the intensity of the sound and its frequency. At a constant frequency, the volume of the sound increases with increasing intensity. At the same intensity, sounds in the frequency range 700 ... ... have the highest volume. encyclopedic Dictionary

A measure of the strength of the auditory sensation produced by a sound. G. h. depends on the effective sound pressure and sound frequency (see Fig.). For comparison G. z. use the value of LN, to paradise called. G.'s level z. and is equal to: LN \u003d 20 lg (p * eff / p * 0), where p * 0 \u003d 20 ... ... Big encyclopedic polytechnic dictionary

sound volume- garsumas statusas T sritis radioelektronika atitikmenys: angl. volume of sound vok. Lautheit, f; Lautstarke, f; Tonstarke, f rus. sound volume, f pranc. volume sonore, m … Radioelectronics terminų žodynas

A value that characterizes the auditory sensation for a given sound. G. h. depends in a complex way on sound pressure (See sound pressure) (or sound intensity (See sound intensity)), frequency, and mode shape. With the same... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

sound volume- rus intensity (g) (strength) of sound, loudness (g) of sound eng sound intensity fra intensité (f) acoustique, intensité (f) sonore, intensité (f) du son deu Schallintensität (f), Schallstärke (f) spa intensidad (f) sonora, intensidad (f) acoustica... Occupational safety and health. Translation into English, French, German, Spanish

The magnitude of the auditory sensation, depending on the intensity of the sound and its frequency. At a constant frequency G. h. grows with increasing intensity. At the same intensity, max. sounds in the frequency range of 700-6000 Hz have loudness. Zero… … Natural science. encyclopedic Dictionary

The magnitude of the auditory sensation, depending on the intensity of the sound and its frequency (Bulgarian; Bulgarian) sound strength (Czech; Čeština) hlasitost zvuku (German; Deutsch) Lautstärke (Hungarian; Magyar) hangosság (Mongolian ... ... Construction dictionary

1. In accordance with what sounds are denoted by letters, all letters are divided into vowels and consonants.

Vowels 10:

2. In Russian, not all speech sounds are indicated, but only the main ones. In russian language 42 basic sounds - 6 vowels and 36 consonants, while number of letters - 33. The number of basic vowels (10 letters, but 6 sounds) and consonants (21 letters, but 36 sounds) also do not match. The difference in the quantitative composition of the main sounds and letters is determined by the peculiarities of Russian writing.

3. In Russian, hard and soft sounds are denoted by the same letter.

Wed: sir[sir] and ser[sir].

4. The six basic vowels are represented by ten vowels:

[and] - and (cute).

[s] - s (soap).

[a] - a (May) and I (my).

[about] - about (my) and yo (Christmas tree).

[e] - uh (this is) and e (chalk).

[y] - at (ku st) and Yu (yu la).

Thus, to denote four vowel sounds ([a], [o], [e], [y]) there are two rows of letters:
1) a, o, e, y; 2) i, e, e, u.

Note!

1) I, e, e, u are letters, not sounds! Therefore, they are never used in transcription.

2) The letters a and i, o and e, e and e denote respectively: a and i - sound [a]; o and e - sound [o], e and e - [e] - only under stress! For the pronunciation of these vowels in an unstressed position, see clause 1.8.

5. The letters i, e, e, yu perform two functions:

after a consonant they signal that the preceding consonant denotes a soft consonant:

Xia du[with’ hell], se l[s' el], sho l[s’ ol], here[with’ oud];

after vowels, at the beginning of the word and after the dividing b and b, these letters denote two sounds - the consonant [ j ] and the corresponding vowel:

I -, e -, e -, u -.

For example:

1. after vowels: chewing t[zhujo t], shave t[br'eju t];

2. at the beginning of a word: e l , i to ;

3. after the separation b and b: ate l[sje l], view n[v’ju n].

Note!

1) The letters i, e, e after the hissing letters w and w do not indicate the softness of the preceding consonant. The consonants [zh] and [sh] in the modern Russian literary language are always solid!

Shil[shul], tin[zhes't'], walked[shol].

2) The letter and after the consonants w, w and c denotes the sound [s].

Shil[shul], lived[live], the circus[circus].

3) Letters a, y and o in combinations cha, cha, choo, cha, cho, cho do not indicate the hardness of the consonants h and u. The consonants [h '] and [u '] in the modern Russian literary language are always soft.

chum[ch'um], (five) pike[sh'uk], part[h'as't'], Shchors[Sch'ors].

6. The sound [ j ] is indicated in writing in several ways:

after vowels and at the end of a word - with the letter y;

May[maj].

at the beginning of a word and between two vowels - using the letters e, e, u, i, which denote a combination of the consonant [j] and the corresponding vowel;

E l , i to .

the presence of sound [ j ] is also indicated by dividing b and b - between the consonant and vowels e, e, u, i.

Ate l[sje l], view n[v’ju n].

7. The letters ъ and ь do not represent any sounds.

Dividing b and b signal that the following e, e, u, i denote two sounds, the first of which is [j].

Non-separating b:

1) indicates the softness of the preceding consonant:

stranded[m'el'];

2) performs a grammatical function.

For example, in the word mouseь does not indicate the softness of the preceding consonant, but signals that the given noun is feminine.

For more information on spelling ъ and ь, see clause 1.11. The use of b and b.

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