Asexual and sexual reproduction 10 presentation. Presentation "Asexual and sexual reproduction of organisms" in biology - project, report

The presentation in the discipline "Biology" on the topic "Sexual reproduction" is part of the lesson "Types of reproduction", which consists of the development of a lesson and two presentations by the teacher and student Lutov Nikolai on the topic "Asexual reproduction" and is intended for students of the 1st year of the NGO. The presentation presents the objectives of the lesson, updating the basic knowledge, the concept of reproduction and the processes of sexual reproduction, reproduction of various species, male and female reproductive organs, reproductive organs, consolidation of the studied knowledge, homework. The presentation is an illustrative material for the lesson "Sexual and asexual reproduction", indicating the different types of reproduction for different organisms.

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"Presentation on biology "Sexual reproduction""

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

ORGANISMS

Chemistry and biology teacher

GBPOU RO "NATT named after the Hero of the Soviet Union Vernigorenko I.G."

Novoshakhtinsk, Rostov region

Lesson Objectives:

to reveal the features of sexual reproduction of various organisms;

analyze the methods of sexual reproduction of various organisms and their characteristics;

find out the biological significance;

Update of reference

knowledge

Explain the meaning of the concepts:

reproduction

Forms of asexual reproduction:

sporulation;

budding;

Fragmentation;

vegetative reproduction.

reproduction

• Universal property of living organisms
• The ability to produce similar individuals of their own species

sexual reproduction

• Differs in the presence of a sexual process
• Occurs with the participation of haploid germ cells - gametes
• Gametes are formed in special organs of males and females.
• There is a combination of the genetic material of the parent individuals, resulting in an increase in the genetic diversity of the offspring and its viability.

sexual process

The organism acquires new features, but the number of individuals does not increase.

Copulation - unicellular organisms turn into gametes indistinguishable from each other and merge

Conjugation - the exchange of parts of genetic material

biological species

bisexual

hermaphrodites

Dioecious

females, males

sexual reproduction

Heterogamy - fusion of two motile cells of different sizes

oogamy – fusion of a large, immotile egg and a small, motile sperm

Parthenogenesis - development from an unfertilized egg

isogamy - fusion of two-motile gametes of the same size

Hermaphrodites

• Bisexual animals
• The advantage of bisexuality is the possibility of self-fertilization
• In the presence of a sexual partner, cross-fertilization is observed
• Coelenterates, flatworms, annelids, some molluscs, cyclostomes (mixins), sea bass

Reproductive organs

Gametangia - algae, mushrooms

archegonia - female gametangia higher spore plants

Antheridia - male gametangia of higher spore plants

Gonads - sex glands in animals (with the exception of sponges and coelenterates)

male reproductive system

female reproductive system

male reproductive system

Testis

Mature spermatozoa

vas deferens

Urethra

Prostate

The width of the human spermatozoon is about 0.005 mm, the length is 0.06-0.07 mm, and the mass is 0.000000005 g.

1 cm3 of semen contains from 20 to 60 million spermatozoa.

female reproductive system

Mature egg

ovaries

Oviduct

Fallopian tubes

Uterus

The diameter of the egg is 0.15 mm, the mass is 0.000003 g.

Gametogenesis

spermatogenesis

ovogenesis

Find a match:

Concepts

13. reproduction of one's own kind

1. reproduction

14. fusion of germ cells

9. process

2. eggs

15. formed in the ovaries

3. spermatozoa

4. fertilization

11. iron

16.Designed for gestation

5. testicles

12. organism

17. produces eggs

18. are formed in the testes

19. produces sperm

7. ovaries

slide 1

Lesson topic: "Asexual and sexual reproduction of organisms" Grade 6. Program of N.I. Sonin and co-authors. Textbook "Living organism", author N.I. Sonin.

Presentation of the stages of explaining new material. The range of use of the lesson: 6, 7, 9, 10 classes. To prepare for the exam

Chukhriy V.V., teacher of biology, secondary school №9, Bui city. 2008

slide 2

Purpose: to reveal the features of asexual and sexual reproduction of organisms Tasks: to analyze the methods of reproduction and their features, to find out the biological significance Type of lesson: gaining new knowledge. Resources: computer equipment, handouts (flowers), tables "Reproduction of organisms". Textbook p. 134-136; 122-125. Conducting a lesson in the TCO room or computer class

slide 3

Commentary on the lesson for the teacher The rule of work: students work together in groups, the teacher is an assistant. First discuss the proposed topic question, then review and comment on the slides.

Slide 4 - concepts, the content of which you need to know to study the asexual method of reproduction of organisms. Slides 5,6 - reveal methods of asexual reproduction. Slide 7 - the necessary terminology for the study of the reproduction of flowering plants. Slide 8 is a summary table on the sexual reproduction of different plants. Each column is commented. Features stand out. Slide 9 - study of pollination methods. Slide 10 - features of double fertilization of flowering plants. Slide 11 - the main comparative conclusion on asexual and sexual reproduction.

slide 4

asexual reproduction, sexual gamete spore zygote, sporulation, sporangium, gametophyte, sporophyte division budding conjugation fragmentation vegetative reproduction

Conceptual base of the lesson

Part 1. Learning new material. Expand the content of concepts and terms. Asexual reproduction.

slide 5

Forms of asexual reproduction

Favorable conditions - gametes are not formed and do not merge. The new organism inherits traits only from the parent organism.

Chlamydomonas is a unicellular algae

division budding

Yeasts are unicellular fungi

slide 6

sporulation

Vegetative propagation of plants

bulb handle

root cutting

rhizome tuber mustache layering grafting leaf

brood buds

Stem hyphae

Dairy planaria

Fragmentation

Slide 7

Features of sexual reproduction of flowering plants

Part 2. Learning new material. Expand the content of concepts and terms. pollination, self-pollination, cross-pollination endosperm sperm embryo sac ovule pollen entry fertilization central cell diploid, triploid double fertilization

Slide 8

Features of sexual reproduction of lower and higher spore plants

zygote winter dormancy 4 gametes daughter cell

mother cell

contacting threads

Flow of content from 1 cell to another

germination conjugation generation change water gametophytes

Types of reproduction of living organisms

Topic: "Cell", biology, grade 10

Dictionary

reproduction - this is the ability of living organisms to reproduce their own kind, ensuring the continuity and continuity of life in a number of generations.

• reproduction of their own kind;
• An increase in the number of species;
• Transfer of hereditary information from generation to generation.

Methods of reproduction of organisms

reproduction

sexual

asexual

mitosis

meiosis

child

child

parent

parent

Methods of asexual reproduction

asexual

reproduction

Vegetative

budding

reproduction

reproduction

Division

sporulation

schizogony

cells

plots

body

Forms of asexual reproduction

1. Crushing

coli

Organisms: bacteria and blue-green algae

Binary division

This division, in which two equivalent daughter cells are formed

Forms of asexual reproduction

2. Binary division

amoeba

Organisms: unicellular eukaryotes (plants, animals, fungi)

multiple division, or schizogony .

schizogony (from the Greek schizo - I divide, split and ... gony) is a form of asexual reproduction, when the mother cell breaks up into a large number of more or less identical daughter cells (malarial plasmodium). The organism becomes multinucleated and breaks up into many (according to the number of nuclei) single-nuclear cells - merozoites.

3. Multiple division = schizogony

Forms of asexual reproduction

malarial plasmodium

organisms : sporozoan type

sporulation (sporulation)

• With the help of spores (haploid cells with a protective shell). Spores can remain dormant for a long time.
• In this form, they are able to wait out the cold, heat, drying, excess moisture.

Forms of asexual reproduction

4. Sporulation (sporulation)

fern

mushroom spores

flywheel

tubules on the hat mushroom

Organisms: mushrooms

Organisms: spore plants (algae, bryophytes, ferns )

budding

A new individual is formed in the form of an outgrowth (kidney) on the body of the parent, and then separates from it, turning into an independent organism.

Forms of asexual reproduction

5. Budding

fungus yeast

hydra freshwater

Organisms: type coelenterates

Vegetative reproduction

• One of the forms of asexual reproduction, which consists in the formation of a new organism from part of the mother
• Reproduction by body parts (cuttings (stem, root, leaf), modified shoots (rhizome, tubers, bulbs), buds)
• Characteristic of higher plants, an example is budding in sponges and coelenterates

Fragmentation

This is the division of an individual into two or more parts, each of which develops into a new individual.

Fragmentation is based on the property of regeneration.

Forms of asexual reproduction

6. Fragmentation

earthworm

spirogyra

Organisms: type of annelids

Organisms: filamentous green algae

Forms of asexual reproduction

8. Polyembryony

zygote

divided zygote

embryos in one ovum

identical twins

organisms : type chordates

Cloning

This is an artificial method of asexual reproduction. Does not occur in natural conditions.

Clone - genetically identical offspring obtained from one individual as a result of one or another method of asexual reproduction .

Forms of asexual reproduction

9. Cloning

Dolly the sheep and her creator

Professor Ian Wilmut, 1997

All organisms

sexual reproduction

hermaphroditism

dichotomy

parthenogenesis neoteny

lizards

daphnia

aphid

lizards

bees

shellfish

flatworms

guppies

lions

swans

rhinoceros beetles

Axolotl - larva of tiger ambistoma

Hermaphroditism

This is the most primitive form of reproduction, characteristic of many lower animals.

Hermaphroditism makes it possible self-fertilization, which is essential, first of all, for sedentary species or individuals leading a solitary existence. On the other hand, self-fertilization prevents the exchange of genetic material between individuals; many organisms have devices that prevent self-fertilization (genetic incompatibility of germ cells from one organism, the formation of male and female gametes at different times).

• True hermaphroditism - sexual products mature in one individual at the same time, and are capable of self-fertilization (bull tapeworm).
• Hermaphroditism, when sexual products mature at different times, more often, individuals fertilize each other, i.e. in one period of life 1 individual is a female, and in another period - a male (earthworms, oysters).
• Hermaphrodites who change sex with age ( fish - parrots live in coral reefs at the beginning of life they are all females, in the 2nd half of life they are males)

Parthenogenesis

Parthenogenesis (from the Greek parthenos - virgin and ... genesis) (virgin reproduction), a form of sexual reproduction, the development of an egg without fertilization. It is characteristic of many invertebrates (daphnia, rotifers, aphids, bees, etc.) and many seed and spore plants. The daughter organism is an exact copy of the parent. Parthenogenesis can be natural and artificial (you can act on unfertilized eggs with acid, shaking, pricking a thin needle, changing the concentration of salts in water – frogs, starfish, silkworms).

• Gynogenesis(from the Greek gyne - woman and ... genesis), a method of development of the egg and the formation of the embryo, in which, after the penetration of the sperm into it, their nuclei do not merge and only the nucleus of the egg is involved in development (silver carp, some newts).
• Androgenesis(from Greek aner, genus p. andros - male and ... genesis), “male parthenogenesis", the development of an egg (after penetration of a sperm into it) only with a male nucleus. It is usually observed in the case of the death of the female nucleus before fertilization. (silkworm)
• Pedogenesis(from Greek pais, genus n. paidos - child and ... genesis) (children's reproduction), a form of parthenogenesis in which unfertilized eggs, giving rise to a new generation, develop in the body of the larvae. Known in a number of invertebrates (some flies, marine crustaceans).

Proper sexual

Actually sexual reproduction is a form of reproduction of dioecious organisms.

Forms of proper sexual reproduction

oogamy - the fusion of the egg and sperm (multicellular animals, some fungi, algae, higher plants)

Heterogamy - fusion of two motile cells with flagella of various sizes (chytrid fungi, algae )

Isogamy - fusion of two-motile gametes of the same size

Stages of sexual reproduction I am

Sexual reproduction is characteristic of the vast majority of living beings. It consists of 4 main processes:

1. Gametogenesis - the formation of sex cells (gametes).

2. Fertilization - the fusion of gametes and the formation of a zygote.

3. Embryogenesis - crushing of the zygote and the formation of the embryo.

4. Post-embryonic period - growth and development of the organism in the post-embryonic period.

Features of sexual and asexual reproduction

asexual reproduction

sexual reproduction

Only one individual takes part

Two people take part

Daughter organisms are exact copies of the parent organism

The daughter organism receives a combination of genes belonging to both parents and is not an exact copy of them.

Gametes are not formed.

Gametes are formed with a single (haploid) set of chromosomes, the nuclei of which merge (fertilization), a zygote is formed that carries the chromosomes of both parents.

It occurs in microorganisms, fungi, plants and some invertebrates.

Common to most plants and animals.

Leads to a rapid increase in the number of individuals.

It happens more slowly, but individuals better adapt to changing environmental conditions.

"Reproduction is asexual and sexual" - Fill in the blanks. Sosnikhina N.N., teacher of biology and ecology, secondary school №6, Pavlovo. Sexual and asexual reproduction. Generalization. Asexual reproduction Division Budding Fragmentation Sporulation Vegetative reproduction Polyembryony Cloning. Answer: 1-d, 2-b, 3-d, 4-c, 5-a. List the types:

"Types of reproduction of organisms" - Sexual reproduction. Parthenogenesis. Asexual reproduction. Multiple division, or schizogony. Budding occurs in sponges, coelenterates, and bryozoans. Hermaphroditism. =). Conjugation. Cloning. Fragmentation. forms of sexual reproduction. Vegetative reproduction is carried out in a variety of forms.

"Biology Sexual reproduction" - Strawberries. =. Sexual. =>. The method of reproduction is sexual. External: labia. External: penis; scrotum. Maintaining the view. Fertilization and embryonic development. Embryonic development of man. The method of reproduction is division. The organism develops from a zygote. Chlorella. +. Male reproductive system.

"Methods of reproduction" - This is the cycle of development of mosses. Sporulation or sporulation is reproduction by means of spores. Fragmentation is a method of asexual reproduction. From the article "The Simplest" you can find out how single-celled organisms reproduce. Contents: Having penetrated through the neck of the archegonium inside, the sperm merges with the egg (7, 8).

"Reproduction of organisms biology" - Hermaphrodites. Layers and shoot cuttings. Fission is a simple form of asexual reproduction. tubers. Oocytes. 10. Bulbs. Graft. Asexual reproduction. Bisexual. Organisms. types of reproduction. A zygote is a fertilized egg. layering. Rhizomes. Isogamy. Budding. 1. Reproduction is a characteristic property of living organisms.

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Slides captions:

Reproduction is the reproduction of their own kind. Asexual reproduction was performed by Biology teacher Radko O.V.

Reproduction is the ability to produce a new generation of individuals of the same species. Reproduction Sexual Asexual The process of reproduction of organisms in which only one of the parents participates The process in which a new organism develops as a result of the fusion of two germ cells formed by different parents.

Advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction Advantages: simple, no need to waste time and energy to find a partner; the number of organisms increases relatively quickly; under unchanging environmental conditions, unlimited possibilities are created for increasing the number of organisms with similar heredity - organisms well adapted to life in these specific conditions. Disadvantage: Does not ensure survival in a changeable, fickle environment (new traits that can be useful when environmental conditions change, appear only as a result of relatively rare situations in asexual reproduction)

Characteristics of asexual reproduction One parent is involved Passes without the participation of germ cells A large number of genetically identical organisms are reproduced, rapid settlement and capture of new territories occurs The genotype of the offspring does not differ from the genotypes of both parents

Forms of asexual reproduction Spore formation Budding Cell division Fragmentation Vegetative propagation of plants

Bacterial cell division Cell division Division is the simplest form of asexual reproduction, widespread in bacteria and protozoa (single-celled animals and plants).

1 2 3 Mitosis 5 4

Mushrooms Mosses Ferns Sporulation

Budding is one of the forms of asexual reproduction, in which a new individual is formed in the form of an outgrowth (bud) on the body of the parent individual, and then turns into an independent organism Hydra kolanchoe

Fragmentation is the division of individuals into two or more parts, each of which grows and forms a new individual. Reproduction by fragments is typical for sponges, coelenterates (hydra), flatworms (planaria), echinoderms (starfish) and some other species. planaria starfish

Propagation by aerial parts Leaf cuttings (begonia, saintpaulia, sansevier) Stem cuttings (currant, poplar, willow) Creeping shoots (meadow tea, cranberry, tenacity) Layering (currant, gooseberry, raspberry, apple tree) Grafting (apple, pear, plum, cherry)

Propagation by underground parts Root cuttings (rose hip, raspberry, dandelion) Root offspring (aspen, mountain ash, poplar, thistle) Rhizomes (iris, lily of the valley, couch grass) Tubers (potatoes, Jerusalem artichoke) Bulbs (narcissus, garlic, tulip)

In most unicellular and multicellular organisms, asexual reproduction can alternate with sexual reproduction, which allows them to optimally solve the problem of reproducing their own kind in various habitat conditions. For example, in some marine coelenterates, the sexual generation is represented by single free-swimming jellyfish, and the asexual generation is represented by sessile polyps. In plants, such as mosses, the sexual generation (gametophyte) is represented by a leafy plant, and the asexual generation (sporophyte) is a box in which spores develop.

The biological role of asexual reproduction Asexual reproduction - allows you to keep the properties of the species unchanged. This is the important biological significance of this type of reproduction. Organisms that appeared asexually usually develop much faster than those that appeared through sexual reproduction. They quickly increase their numbers and much faster carry out resettlement over large areas.

Fill in the table: Methods of vegetative propagation of plants in nature Methods of vegetative propagation Examples of plants Modified shoots: Rhizomes Bulbs Corms Tubers Stem shoots Root Modified aboveground shoots - mustaches Cuttings: Stem Root leaf Layers Root offspring

Test 1. Reproduction is a process: An increase in the number of cells Development of an organism in the process of evolution Changing an individual from birth to death Reproduction of their own kind 2. Reproduction by spores - a variety of: Vegetative reproduction Simple division Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction 3. Vegetative reproduction is the process of formation of: A new organism from a part of the mother Specialized cells A unicellular formation with a dense shell of a Multicellular organism 4. Budding is the process of formation of: A vegetative organ A generative organ of a New organism from a part of the mother A new individual in the form of an outgrowth on the body of the mother 5. Asexual reproduction is a process occurring: With the formation of spores With the formation of germ cells With the formation of a zygote Without the formation of germ cells 6. Asexual reproduction: does not affect the ability to adapt to relatively constant environmental conditions Reduces the ability to adapt to relatively constant conditions m of environment Increases the ability to adapt to relatively constant environmental conditions Increases the ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions. 7. The development of a new individual from somatic cells is called __ _________________________________