How to fasten door hinges correctly. How to install hinges on a door - self-assembly of various canopies

Completion of interior doors is not complete without appropriate fittings. Along with handles, chains, eyes and various inserts, manufacturers attach loops to the kits. Perhaps this is the main element of the door kit, on which the quality of fixing the leaf in the opening depends. Traditional hinge models are usually used, the device of which involves insertion into an array - for this a special groove is formed.

The development of technological methods for the manufacture and installation of doors has led to the development of a "butterfly" hinge, which does not require a tie-in. The new hardware has other fundamental differences, which are characterized by both pluses and minuses. Proper installation will preserve the advantages and minimize the disadvantages of the finished door structure.

Design features

The main difference between butterfly hinges, which also affects the features of installation with further operation, is the fit to the door surface. Such fittings do not require the creation of grooves for insertion - the loop card is superimposed on the surface and also twisted. The fastening sides are designed so that when the doors are closed, one part is built into the other, which is the reason for the name "butterfly". The number of self-tapping screws varies depending on the kit, but on average it corresponds to the classic sets of mortise hinges.

Mounting process

To understand how to install a butterfly loop correctly, you need to take a closer look at its design. The installation technology of overhead models, as noted above, is due to the specifics of their work. The absence of the need to form grooves is a significant advantage of such loops, otherwise the installation progress corresponds to the usual technique.

First, the location of the loops is marked. It is advisable to apply them with the inside, and then fix the drilling points. The gap from the edges of the canvas should be at least 200 mm - the average indentation not only for the "butterfly" hinge, but also for the usual versions of this fitting. Then neat holes are made for self-tapping screws, which are usually supplied with hinges. The final touch will be the direct screwing of the sides of the "butterfly" to the canvas.

Installation nuances

The external ease of the installation process and in particular the absence of the need to create niches in the array captivates many. But all the advantages that the "butterfly" has, end there. Only after installation can one appreciate how ambiguous such fittings are.

The fact is that it is possible to obtain the proper effect from the use of hinges without tie-in only if the installation is impeccable. Compared to traditional models, "butterflies" do not provide a wide field for refinement. Firstly, the sides must fold perfectly, otherwise an unevenness will form - the door will spring or, at least, not fit snugly. Secondly, you will have to put up with a small gap, which, naturally, is formed from protruding looped cards. And one more unpleasant moment, which also characterizes the "butterfly" door hinges and the design without a tie-in as such, is the impossibility of removing without unscrewing the screws.

How to fix errors?

It is impossible to get rid of all the listed consequences of using such original hinges, however, it is possible to minimize their impact on ease of use. Among the most important tasks that the masters solve during the installation of butterfly loops is to ensure uniformity when the cards converge. Usually inconsistencies are eliminated by creating linings. For this, cardboard, thin chips, paper and similar material are used - it is necessary to enclose in the part opposite to the side that does not overlap.

In addition, "butterfly", due to design features, do not provide a high degree of reliability. Of course, it all depends on the product, but they lose significantly to mortise-type hinges. Therefore, it is important to perform the fixation with screws as efficiently as possible - the absence of peeking hats and slopes during insertion will be reflected in reliability.

Another dubious feature is the location of the screws on the map. On one side they are closely spaced, and on the other side they are far apart from each other. The configuration cannot be corrected, but the possibility of damage to the door to which the butterfly hinges are planned can be excluded. Installation is carried out on solid and reliable areas - that is, suitable for screwing.

What kind of doors are suitable?

It is possible to determine the segment of optimally suitable doors for the design of butterfly hinges based on the strength of the fastening. This nuance has already been considered, and it is quite natural that it is undesirable to supplement heavy models with such systems. Still, the operation of inserting into the array adds reliability to the fastening, while external fixation without insurance seems very risky when mounting a 40-kilogram web.

Conversely, butterfly hinges, which are installed as smoothly and cleanly as possible, are ideal for lightweight doors that require little effort to install. In particular, representatives of the veneered category are combined with "butterflies" not only technically, but also visually. Models made of solid wood are recommended to be equipped with mortise fittings - the complexity of installation is compensated by their reliability.

decorative effect

The overhead system for fastening the "butterfly" loop is also due to aesthetic considerations. No matter how neat the tie-in is, the master will not be able to maintain the integrity and decorative completeness of the door to the same extent. Bypassing all the difficulties of installing such loops, you can achieve an unsurpassed result. Since there is no need to interfere with the whimsical laminated surface, doors with butterfly hinges should be considered as the best option for living rooms, bedrooms, offices and other rooms where stylistic harmony is important.

Outcome

It is difficult to call the best choice for amateurs and beginners who can count on simple installation without creating a tie-in. Some risks are eliminated, but others arise. Nevertheless - subject to strict marking and verified convergence of the cards - butterfly hinges will provide the result in the form of aesthetic interior doors with an original mounting configuration.

Finally, it is worth turning to mortise models, which still remain the most popular solution for fixing doors. This choice is worth making if you need a solid and reliable design, however, you will have to sacrifice decorativeness. Nevertheless, the clumsy principle of introducing such loops is incomparable with a delicate overlay without damaging the wood.

The hinge group of door fittings is presented on the market in a wide range. Let's try to understand the whole variety of loops and why overheads are so popular. Since the installation of butterfly hinges on interior doors does not require knowledge of complex technological processes, this material will be especially useful for beginners.

Popular types of canopies

Canopies for interior doors are among the main elements of the door system. Without them, the entire structure can be considered useless. Today, the trading network presents numerous types of loops with different characteristics. Therefore, before buying, you need to decide on the type and function that the door leaf will perform, as well as the direction of opening.

Overhead type "butterfly"

This type of canopies has a simple design and is easily installed on the door leaf of interior doors. The appearance of the canopies resembles the wings of a butterfly when opened.

Mortise card

They are among the most common types of loops. They consist of two parts, which are attached to the structure with simple wood screws. They are buried in the end of the sash with screws. Loops are divided into universal, right and left. Therefore, when buying canopies, you need to know in which direction the door will open.

The universal type of hinge has two pairs of bearings. They are used on all doors. They are characterized by a long service life.

corner

Used in door systems with a vestibule. Not plates, but corners are attached to the central axis.

This design cuts into the door end and is reinforced with self-tapping screws. Corner products provide the door with a dense vestibule.

Hidden

They have a high degree of protection against "uninvited guests". Concealed structures with closers are installed directly on the sash and frame. To do this, recesses of considerable depth are cut out at the installation site. They are mainly used for front doors.

Installing a door with a lap provides masking of fasteners, an aesthetic appearance and eliminates cutting off the hinges from the outside.

screw-in

This type is significantly different from other analogues. It does not have the wings we are used to on canopies, and the pins are screwed directly into the wooden frame of the door and the sash. Only the hinge remains visible. Screw-in hinges are usually installed on doors that have a cut rebate.

Bilateral

They are installed on the door in places with high traffic of people.

In their design, they resemble card loops with three plates. On one of them on the sides there are two axes of rotation.

Overhead hinges: features and installation

They belong to the card type of loops and consist of two plates and a hinge. When opened, the plates resemble butterfly wings, and when closed, one “wing” enters the hole in the second half of the canopy. Thus, one plane is obtained, which becomes invisible. They are easy to install and do not require wood sampling from the door structure.

Installation requires precise selection of screws. The screws must be hidden in the special grooves of the plates. Properly selected fittings will not interfere with the sash closing.

Since the "butterflies" have an openwork design and are made of thin material, they are not advised to be mounted on heavy reinforced doors.

Two versions of canopies are produced: on the door with a vestibule and classic. In the first design, a plate bend is provided, which ensures tight closing of the door.

Plate advantages:

• have an aesthetic appearance;
• do not require special tools for installation work;
• the swivel mechanism practically does not break.

Butterfly hinges are not ideal mechanisms and have their drawbacks.

Canopy disadvantages:

• fasteners are designed only for a perfectly flat canvas;
• low-quality metal material contributes to the deformation of the product under the weight of the door;
• it is impossible to remove the door from the canopies. Only by unscrewing the screws is it possible to replace the canvas.

Correct installation of hinges without tie-in

Today, non-mortise fastening remains in demand among consumers, which means that step-by-step instructions for installing canopies without forming a groove will make this process accessible to everyone.

To hang the sash on the doorway, the appropriate fittings are selected. Traditional hardware includes overhead butterfly loops.

To do the job, you will need the following tools:

• stationery knife;
• drill or screwdriver;
• self-tapping screws;
• drill.

Installation technology:

Mortise models: types and installation

Mortise hinges look like overhead canopies with a card structure. The difference lies in the method of fastening and detachable plates.

Popular types of such loops:

1. Brass. They have an aesthetic appearance and are in great demand. There are two types of awnings in the trading network ─ chrome-plated and polished.
2. Brass-plated. They are made from several alloys. To give an aesthetic appearance, brass, bronze and gold plating is used.
3. Steel. The most reliable and high-quality type of fastening. They are not subject to grinding, therefore they have a long service life. To preserve the aesthetic appearance of the canvas, they are cut into the end of the door frame. The recess and configuration of the recess corresponds to the thickness and shape of the plates.

Inserting hinges into interior doors

To insert hinges into interior doors with your own hands, you will need canopies, a chisel, a hammer, screws, a screwdriver, a marking pencil, a tape measure, wooden wedges and a building level.

Work is done!

For fastening and further operation of doors in furniture production, various types of hinges are used. If you bought a wardrobe and decided to assemble it yourself, then you cannot avoid the process of installing doors on furniture hinges.

Figure 1. Furniture hinge device

On the modern furniture market, various types of door hinges are presented, which include both four-hinged hinges and simply hinged ones, which were very popular back in Soviet times. Today, four-hinged hinges are very popular, which are distinguished by a simple and reliable design, as well as easy installation. They have a high level of strength, which provides an unlimited number of opening-closing work cycles. Another significant advantage of this mechanism is the ability to adjust it in 3 planes, which will allow you to align the cabinet doors without any problems.

The four-hinged loop consists of the following elements (Fig. 1):

• a cup;
• shoulder;
• mounting (reciprocal) level.

The hinge is fixed to the furniture box with a mounting plate, and with a cup - to the door. Self-tapping screws are used as fasteners. The shoulder plays the role of a lever and connects the cup to the striker plate using a four-hinged device. An adjusting screw is located in the cover of the bar, with which you can adjust the position of the door relative to the base.

According to the method of applying the sash to the body, the hinges are divided into:

1. Overhead. They are used when the door closes the sides of the niche in which it is placed. This method of fastening doors is the most popular, so it can be found on almost any furniture set.
2. Semi overhead. They are used when 2 doors enter the same sidewall of a furniture product. Hinges of this type differ from the rest by a slight bend in the base, which provides a small distance between the two facades.
3. Internal. They are used in the case of internal fastening of the facade, that is, the door does not close the sides of the niche in which it is located, but is located inside it. The base of such hinges has a pronounced bend.
4. Corner. With the help of such mechanisms, it is possible to fix the doors at a certain angle.

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Preparatory work

To install a furniture hinge on a cabinet with your own hands, you need to prepare tools such as:

Figure 2. Marking the loop

• screwdriver;
• end mill with a diameter of 35 mm;
• ruler;
• building level;
• awl;
• pencil;
• self-tapping screws - 3.5x16 or 4x16 mm, 2 pcs. for 1 loop.

After preparing the tool, marking is made, which consists in marking the center of each hole for the hinges. Depending on the height of the door, as well as on the placement of the shelves in height, about 7-12 cm recede from the edge of the facade. If the door has large dimensions, then it is necessary to use not 2 hinges, but 3 or more. In this case, the step between the canopies should be at least 50 cm. The dependence of the number of loops on the height and weight of the facade is presented in the table.

After marking in height, the centers of the holes are marked from the edges in width. For a standard door hinge, the distance from the edge should be approximately 21-22 mm (Fig. 2). When marking, it is necessary to ensure that after mounting the hinges they do not come into contact with the shelves of the cabinet, because this will interfere with the normal functioning of the door.

Interior doors are sold by stores without hinges, which are supplied as a set, so making the right choice of a product of the appropriate size is required at the same time as choosing the right hinges. Installing overhead canopies will be one of the most suitable ways to install hinges. For the correct installation of hinges on interior doors, you need to choose the best places, marking them where the hinges will be located.

To install an interior door, a card hinge is most often used.

Installation of hinges depending on the weight of the interior door

The use of card hinges when installing interior doors in our country is the most popular. Card hinges consist of two plates, called wings or cards, in which there are special holes through which the products are fastened with self-tapping screws to the door.

The choice of hinge depends on the size and weight of the door.

The Russian production of this type of loops has been debugged since Soviet times. This type of product is rather ordinary, although its sizes are completely different. This type of hinge is no longer used when installing interior doors, since they are best suited for street fences or premises that are not residential.

Five-inch products have 5 holes for screws on each of the cards, and four-inch products have 4 holes, so they are popularly called fours and fives. It is required to choose the necessary product of a certain size, taking into account the weight of the door. Heavier doors are hung on large hinges, and lighter ones on smaller ones. For very heavy ones, the use of three loops is suitable, as for light ones, which will put their performance properties on a higher level.

How to correctly and accurately make markings for cutting holes for loops

Marking for loops with dimensions.

There are two ways to make markings for attaching loops. The first is connected with applying the hinge to the door leaf, with its subsequent stroke with a pencil. Usually doors are strengthened by two products, which are located at the bottom and at the top, and the distance between them should be the same.

When installing the third hinge, it can be placed in the center or moved up. Before installation, special marks are made with a pencil, which is well sharpened. This can be done not only on the door frame, but also on the door leaf. You can make marks in the second way from above and below, stepping back from the edge of the canvas by 15 - 25 cm. After that, the attachment points are marked.

When marking the places of the holes, one should not confuse where the door has the bottom and where the top is, given how it will stand after it is attached to the hinges. If there are glasses at the door, special attention should be paid to their location.

In this case, the edge of the hinges is combined with the edge of the door leaf. If the fittings are hidden, then the execution of the seats must be carried out with the utmost accuracy and accuracy, since distortions cannot be allowed when installing the mechanism.

The marking for the hinge can be done by attaching it to the door leaf and circling it with a pencil.

When the door frame is assembled, and all the necessary dimensions are made, they proceed to install the hinges where they are planned to be placed. Products should be attached to the places where they are strengthened according to the marks, this will make it possible to imagine how they will look.

The location of the hinges will be similar to the first option in the absence of certain differences between the new and the old interior doors. All dimensions are determined only when the interior door has been visually inspected. Installation of hinges on the door frame and door leaf is carried out taking into account the direction of door opening.

The right choice of products and the creation of a cut for wooden doors

Options for installing a different number of loops.

Before buying hinges, you should find out what kind of hinges you need, that is, right or left. To do this, you need to stand near the opening where you need to mount the interior door. The main thing is that at the same time she opens herself up. It is important not to confuse the sides and not stand so that the door opens from itself, which is not correct.

You need to open the door towards yourself, which will mean which side it opens to - left or right. If on the left, then you will need to make a choice of left loops, and if on the right, then right. This is elementary to understand, it is important to correctly then determine the type of product required.

When choosing this type of product for fixing interior doors, it is important not to confuse them with each other, noting all the relevant attachment points, that is, where and which hinge should be attached.

If the door is made of wood, then a layer of wood from the door frame should be cut, taking into account the contour of the hinges, using a sharp knife. When making a thin cut, you should take into account how thick the loops are. For a more convenient design of the cut in the wood, an appropriate cut is made vertically, taking into account the contour of the product. If you make only a horizontal cut, then this can cause the separation of excess sections of the wooden door leaf.

After marking, a cut is made with a chisel or a special machine.

Similarly, a slice is created on the canvas. If you use a chisel when creating grooves, this will lead to the fact that the canvas will be damaged.

Performing this work with a chisel is not possible, as it will take a lot of time, and the hole itself will not look neat. If the necessary groove has already been made in the corresponding part, then it is conveniently cut with a chisel. If there is a knot on the canvas, the loop should be shifted, which is nothing to worry about.

When choosing hinges, it should be remembered that they may need to be dismantled if you need to bring furniture into the house. And removing the sashes can be too complicated a procedure. To remove interior doors, it may be necessary to dismantle the right or left side of the door.

How to install hinges on interior doors correctly

To dismantle and install the hinges, you will need the following types of tools that will help facilitate all the work:

Correct installation of the hinge is when the hinge enters exactly into the groove, a drawdown of 0.1-0.5 mm is allowed.

1. Screwdriver.
2. Drill.
3. Cutter.
4. Thin drills.
5. Awl.

A small circular saw can also be useful for installing mortise hinges, be sure to have a pencil or marker handy. Before installing the hinges, it is necessary that the canopies are disconnected. The larger part of the canopy should be installed in the box, and the smaller one in the door leaf.

High accuracy of installation will be ensured if the door leaf is attached to the door frame, which will allow you to trace the coincidence of the marks made for the purpose of inserting the hinges. It is very important to check for various deviations, since even with a minor mistake, a situation may occur in which the interior door will open and close on its own, which will not be pleasant for the owners.

When applying the loops to the inside of the canvas, you need to watch where the hinges protrude. They should be facing the front side, that is, where the interior door will open.

How to properly use fasteners during the installation of hinges

Scheme of the device and fasteners of the loop.

Next, you should fix the parts with the help of self-tapping screws supplied in the same kit with the hinges. Before screwing in the fasteners, the holes and the marks under them should be aligned, which will prevent splitting of the wood during the screwing process.

If you need to insert hidden hinges for interior doors, then you will need to perform more complex procedures than when inserting ordinary ones. Hidden fittings for doors require preliminary preparation of deep mounting holes. A hole is cut along its exact contour carefully using a milling machine.

One solution to the problem of tapping hinges correctly is the use of power tools, which require certain skills when working with them. Inserting the hinges begins after preparing all the tools and marking the door leaf and the door frame.

When screwing the hinges with screws, it is imperative to ensure that the hinge does not go to the side. Screws are always twisted exactly in the center, making special marks in the form of dots with a pencil, and then marking them with an awl. This will prevent excessive tightening of the hinges with screws during the tightening process.

If the door hinges are cut in correctly, then they should be located at the same level. If a protrusion of the loop is detected, then you must not be too lazy, deepen the site to the required level, but no more. Then, using a ruler, you need to check the correct fit of the loop.

If the hinge pressed by the ruler protrudes, then after installation a large gap is formed between the door frame and the leaf. Correctly installed internal hinges can ensure that the leaves open at an angle of 180°. The load that the doors can withstand should be no more than 50 kg.

After that, the components of each loop are inserted between each other. When this operation is performed independently, the door leaf rises so that this allows you to determine the alignment point of the canopies. Each bolt is then inserted into the desired hole with the free hand after the compound arms are in the desired plane.

This stage of installation is the most difficult, after that the location of the door leaf is adjusted, correlating it with the latch. As a result, the same gaps are obtained between the lutka and the sash along the entire perimeter. The entire tie-in process should be carried out very carefully and carefully.

If a situation arises related to the choice of hinges for interior doors, then it is better to choose hidden awnings.

Hinges should be matched while holding the door in the doorway. After aligning the loops, they begin to insert the pins of the loops, for which an assistant is needed.

Next, the doors are checked for smooth running, and the latch is hooked onto the door jamb along with the striker plate. If necessary, it is moved, if it starts to make noise when the door is closed, then the metal tab is slightly adjusted.

Hinges are an integral part of the door. They provide opening and closing. Methods for installing door fittings depend on its type. To properly install the hinges, you need the right tool, skills in working with it and knowledge of the main stages of work.

Hardware types

Loops differ from each other in design. They can be of the following types:

When choosing hinges by type, it is worth considering the weight of the canvas and the direction in which it opens. Bilateral are installed on the pendulum type doors, making it possible to open both inside and outside the room.

General rules

How to embed loops depends on their type. But there are general rules that you should follow when installing.

Regardless of the type of loops, the following installation steps are distinguished:

1. Markup.
2. Cutting recesses and / or holes for fastening.
3. Hardware installation.
4. Door adjustment.

Tool for the job

Proper installation with your own hands is impossible without the tools necessary for the job. These include:

• pencil, tape measure;
• screwdriver or screwdriver;
• milling cutter;
• chisel;
• drill and drill.

Not all of the tools listed are strictly required. In most cases, it is quite possible to install fittings without using a screwdriver and a router, but with their help, the work will be done faster and better.

Overhead hinges

Overhead mortise hinges are most common. The simple design ensures long and reliable operation. Such fittings will well withstand the weight of a heavy wooden interior door.

Overhead mortise hinges are installed in a specially made recess. To cut it out with your own hands, the bar is applied to the right place and circled around the perimeter with a pencil. Further, a niche is cut out with a milling cutter or chisel. It should be of such depth that the hinge bar enters it completely and is flush with the end of the door.

The hinges are attached to the self-tapping screws that come with the kit. If you are not confident in your skills, then it is better to first fix the fittings on two self-tapping screws, and screw the rest after the structure is in place. In addition, it will facilitate the adjustment process. The hinges will be easier to remove and modify the niche in which they are planted.

You can adjust the operation of the loops by deepening the recess if it is not deep enough and the canvas rubs against the box from the side of the handle or does not close at all. When these shortcomings are observed from the side of the fittings, then the niche is too deep. The problem is eliminated by placing cardboard or rubber bands under the bar, which will raise it a little.

Height adjustment is made by shifting the hinges up or down, respectively.

Installation of corner hinges

They differ from invoices only in the presence of a bar bend, the angle of which is 90 degrees. They are placed on interior doors with a vestibule.

The installation and principle of operation of corner hinges do not differ from overhead ones. One of them is attached to the canvas, and the second to the box.

Mounting the butterfly loop

Butterfly hinges belong to the overhead type of fittings. Do-it-yourself installation is easier than mortise ones. They do not require special recesses, but are simply superimposed on the end of the door and the frame in the right places and fastened with self-tapping screws.

Butterfly loops are installed on a perfectly flat surface. Otherwise, the bar will not fully adhere to the canvas, and the interior doors will “play”. You can correct this drawback by placing a thin strip of cardboard under the bar on the side where it fits snugly against the door. The bar will rise, and the butterfly loops will lie flat.

Butterfly hinges are not suitable for heavy structures. Under the weight of the canvas, they can be deformed. Therefore, consider this feature before buying accessories.

Screw hinges

Screw hinges are usually installed on rebate doors. Their number depends on the weight of the canvas. On the lungs, it will be enough to mount two screw loops. For heavier ones, sometimes three or even four are used. They also differ in the number of pins. There may be two, three or four.

Screw-in hinges are attached to the canvas and the box with pins that are screwed into the material. Under them, recesses are first made. This will require a special tool. The fittings are installed in such a way that the thread enters completely into the rack of the box. After mounting the counterpart, the interior doors are mounted on the pins and the design is checked for operability.

Screw-in hinges can be adjusted horizontally, height and pressure. Adjustment is made using specially provided holes with a hex wrench.

After installation and adjustment, decorative caps are put on the screw hinges.

Installation of hidden hinges

Do-it-yourself installation of hidden loops is difficult. To do this, you need a tool such as a milling cutter. The fittings are completely hidden in the door leaf, so one chisel is not enough when working.

As with the installation of other types of fittings, we mark the installation site with a pencil. After that, you need to cut out recesses for a hidden loop. At this stage of work, a milling cutter is used. To make niches, you will need a template for inserting door hinges, which comes with the fittings. It is fixed on the tool, and cavities of the desired size are cut out with a milling cutter.

One part of the hidden loop is inserted into the end of the canvas, and the other - into the box. The location of the hinges inside the canvas protects the mechanism from external influences and prolongs the life of the hidden fittings. After the installation is completed, the operation of the door is checked and adjusted.

Adjustment of the work of hidden hinges, as well as screw-in ones, is possible in three directions: horizontally, height and pressure. For this, a hex key is used. After finishing the adjustment, the adjustment holes are hidden under the decorative trims.

If you do not have such a tool as a router, then it is better to entrust the installation of hidden loops to a specialist. Alternatively, you can rent it.