INSTRUCTIONS AND PROPHECIES OF THE Blessed MOTHER ALIPIA GOLOSEEVSKY, Kyiv...
Laying modern flooring without fail occurs in compliance with a certain technology. The use of a special substrate provides the desired level and characteristics of the base layer. Our article provides an overview of the main types of laminate underlay and recommendations for the successful selection of this necessary element.
Why is it necessary to use
Before installing the laminate, the main condition for the durability of the coating is the installation of the substrate. Reasonable savings in this case suggests the use of different types of this material. If this is not done, the manufacturer's warranty will not apply in such cases. In addition, the substrate performs many more important functions.
In the photo - types of substrates for laminate
What is the effect of using:
- Coating durability.
- Operational characteristics.
- Appearance and uniformity of laying.
- Temperature and humidity in the room.
Improper installation of the laminate is fraught with problems that arise in the future. These include damage and swelling of the floor boards, as well as squeaks while walking, gaps and a short service life.
What are
Of course, modern building materials are presented in the widest range. There are also several types of substrates for laying laminate flooring. They differ not only in the material used, but also in cost and technical characteristics. Choosing the appropriate option, you should evaluate all the advantages and disadvantages, as well as compare the necessary operating parameters for the future floor covering. If you think, then not every substrate will do. The main indicators and types of floor substrate are discussed below.
On the video - types of substrates for laminate, advantages and disadvantages:
Foamed polyethylene
It is a porous material similar to packing sheets. The simplest and most inexpensive type of substrate, which has its own characteristics and nuances of use.
Advantages:
- Good moisture resistance and thermal insulation.
- Does not rot, also there is no formation of mold and fungus on the surface.
- It is possible to equalize the difference up to 4 mm.
- Affordable cost.
- Ease of installation.
Among the shortcomings, one can note low mechanical strength - the material is easily damaged during installation, as well as during transportation. If such a lining is used for high traffic areas, the layer quickly sags and ceases to perform shock-absorbing functions.
In the photo - foamed polyethylene
Foil polyethylene foam
It differs from the previous version only in the presence of a foil base on one side of the substrate. Due to this, it has slightly higher strength indicators, and also has improved thermal conductivity and moisture resistance.
Usage features:
- It is recommended to use for damp rooms, as well as for flooring over basements and outbuildings.
- If it is necessary to protect the coating from a damp floor, the substrate is installed with the foil layers down.
- If you plan to install above the "warm floor" system, the foil is on top to reduce heat loss.
There is a universal version of such a substrate, when the foil layer frames the polyethylene foam on both sides. Such material will cost much more, so in some situations this is an unjustified expense.
It will also be interesting to learn how to choose a substrate for a parquet board:
But which substrate is better to choose for a laminate and what criteria you should pay attention to, is indicated in this
Extruded polystyrene
Optimum price / quality ratio, this material has proven itself in operation. Outwardly, it resembles ordinary polystyrene, it is sold in green sheets.
In the photo - extruded polystyrene
Advantages:
However, this material has one very significant drawback. When burning, such a substrate releases a large amount of toxic gases. If such material is used, it is necessary to provide additional fire safety. But how to properly use TechnoNIKOL foam glue for expanded polystyrene is indicated in this
Cork backing
One of the best materials. Made from crushed cork tree bark. It is considered natural and the safest material.
Advantages:
- Excellent soundproof properties.
- Excellent resistance to mechanical stress.
- Provides good thermal insulation.
The installation of such material has its own characteristics, because the surface of the subfloor must be perfectly flat. In addition, the cork substrate is afraid of dampness and cannot be used in rooms for a certain purpose. Together with this material, it is desirable to use an additional layer of waterproofing. The high cost of this material is also a disadvantage.
In the photo - cork substrate
Two materials are used as a connecting agent in the production of cork substrate. This will indicate the differences between them and the modified specifications.
The most popular substrate is made of cork-bitumen material. Such a composition will provide improved waterproofing properties.
If additional cushioning is needed, for example, when housing is located near busy highways, another type of cork material is used. It contains cork and rubber, so the performance of this option is much higher.
Both of these materials are in poor contact with the heating elements, therefore, when installing the "warm floor" system at the same time, it is not recommended to use such substrates. But how to use a cork underlay under a parquet board and how to do it correctly is indicated in great detail in this
Coniferous
The use of such material began relatively recently, so it is still difficult to determine such exact pros and cons. Outwardly, it looks like thin sheets of rather fragile material. It often breaks during transportation and installation, which makes it difficult to install.
In the photo - a coniferous substrate for a laminate
Advantages:
- Environmental friendliness, when buying, be sure to check the certificate certifying this parameter.
- Perfectly levels the rough surface of the floor, even with strong drops.
- Excellent sound and heat insulation characteristics.
- It is not afraid of moisture, although it is not recommended in rooms with an increased risk of flooding.
fiberglass
Despite the relatively low prevalence of this option, this is a great way to quickly and inexpensively lay floors.
In the photo - fiberglass substrate under the laminate
Advantages:
- Environmental Safety.
- Excellent mechanical resistance.
- Good technical specifications.
Produced in the form of a roll of thin material of a greenish tint. Ease of installation and relatively low cost make this option almost the most successful of all possible. Among the disadvantages is the need to perfectly level the floor surface before laying. But what are the differences between basalt fiber and mineral wool, you can find out by reading this
But what it is and where it is used can be found in this article.
Basic selection rules
When purchasing this or that material, it is imperative to accurately study the information and analyze the data obtained. In the case of choosing a substrate for a laminate, the following parameters can be called the most significant criteria.
Priority selection points:
- Environmental Safety. This is especially important for residential premises for special purposes. These are children's rooms, bedrooms and halls. It is here that residents spend the most time, so safety will be paramount.
- Rough floor covering. It is not always possible to align the base “under zero”. To hide minor flaws and at the same time not damage an expensive laminate, you can use a substrate material that hides such differences to an acceptable level.
- Performance characteristics. It is best to give preference to materials that are not only capable of creating a sound and heat-insulating barrier. In addition, it must be inedible and resist the formation of fungus and mold.
On the video, how to choose a substrate for a laminate:
- Mechanical properties. This type of material must necessarily have physical resistance to damage, wear and even under heavy loads retain its original shape.
- Mounting Features. The durability and longevity of the coating also depends on how the work will be performed. If the installation of the laminate will be carried out by professionals, you can choose any material. If you plan to do it yourself, practical experience is required, as well as the ability to correct some installation flaws.
- Presence of a heating system. Installing underfloor heating significantly limits the choice of suitable materials. This is also a minus, but such a criterion will be very important when choosing.
You can also go the easier way and "consult" with the manufacturer. Usually, the instructions for certain types of laminate offer a list of suitable underlay types and even a two-in-one option. Such a set, as a rule, is more expensive, but it is also as close as possible to the desired characteristics and does not cause difficulties during installation.
Installation and its features
If all the materials have already been purchased and the time has been chosen, you can safely proceed with the installation of the flooring. This process will take a certain period, and will also require utmost concentration and patience. Having prepared everything you need in advance and having studied the features of the material, you can proceed with the installation.
On the video how to lay the substrate under the laminate:
The nuances of laying the substrate:
- The material must be brought under the door jamb. This will ensure that there is no squeaking and sagging during operation.
- When buying, you need to add about 10 - 15 percent for possible waste and marriage.
- It is necessary to start installation from the far corner of the room.
- If necessary, cutouts are made for the configuration of heating pipes and the changed dimensions of the room.
- When adjusting the dimensions, excess parts are trimmed, the material cannot be bent.
- It is necessary to cut the substrate in place, using an accurate measuring tool and preliminary marking.
- The fastening of sheets and roll material to each other is carried out using construction tape. It is forbidden to use fasteners, even a construction stapler, so that the floor surface is smooth and without flaws.
- It is necessary to process with adhesive tape the places of all joints, otherwise there is a high risk of heat loss and moisture penetration inside.
- After laying the substrate, it is imperative to vacuum the surface to remove construction debris and dust.
Choosing a worthy option for leveling the rough layer, you need to pay attention to the products of leading manufacturers. Usually these companies also specialize in the production of laminate, so their products are the most suitable for each other.
Rating of the best
- Premium Cork- natural cork, has high technical characteristics, but an additional hydrobarrier is required. The cost will be from 145 rubles / m².
In the photo - Premium Cork laminate underlay
- Isoplast- fibreboard from coniferous trees. Well absorbs noise and vibrations, can even out minor differences in the floor during installation. Price from 55 rubles / m².
In the photo - Parkolag laminate flooring
- IsoPolin- polyester material with an additional rigid base. Average price category and ease of installation. The cost is 55 rubles / m².
In the photo - IsoPolin laminate underlay
- Tuplex- composite substrate made of polyethylene and polystyrene. Differs in good technological properties and ease at installation. The price will be around 95 rubles / m².
In the photo - a substrate for Tuplex laminate
The underlayment of a laminate floor when performing flooring is as important as the characteristics of the coating itself. The problem-free and long-term operation of the floor covering depends on it. Having studied the information about the possible types and nuances during the installation of this material, you can safely use the knowledge gained when performing such work on your own.
The substrate, or lining, under the laminate is a thin material that closes the base of the floor for the subsequent laying of the topcoat boards.
The substrate must provide a number of tasks. The main functions of this material include:
- leveling the concrete base;
- ensuring the elasticity of the floor covering;
- ensuring sound insulation of the floor covering;
- providing waterproofing;
- providing thermal insulation.
The main tasks of the substrate device are to level the base, provide elasticity and sound insulation. Requirements for thermal and waterproofing are considered additional and are presented when installing floors in rooms with certain characteristics.
Elimination of the shortcomings of the concrete base
The area of any, even the smallest size, cannot be ideally prepared for laminate flooring. On the surface of the screed, processed with a grinder, there are irregularities that prevent high-quality laying of lamellas.
If you lay a laminate without using a lining, all the errors in the form of pits and tubercles will cause the floor surface to bend. To violate the integrity of the lamellae, 2-3 mm of deflection is sufficient. As a result, at first the floors begin to creak, and later the locks of the laminate boards are destroyed, which subsequently leads to the need for a complete replacement of the flooring.
The lining will help to avoid the described problems. It smooths out small irregularities in the concrete base and forms a single, even platform, which can significantly extend the life of the coating.
Elimination of oscillation of the floor covering under load
The floor is subjected to a constant dynamic load when walking, as well as the sound effect of reflected waves.
In this case, the provision of the damping (muffling) effect is assigned to the substrate. It avoids the impact of sound vibrations and smoothes the stress in the locks of the lamellas that occurs when walking. As a result, the integrity of the coating is maintained.
Soundproofing
The peculiarity of the concrete base lies in the strong sound conductivity of this material, and if you lay a laminate without using a gasket, the sounds from the lower floor will pass practically without encountering obstacles. The thickness of the laminate in 8-12 mm is also not a serious barrier to the penetration of noise.
Neighbors below will be constantly dissatisfied with increased audibility from the upper floor. Only the use of a lining will help to avoid the penetration of extraneous sounds.
Waterproofing
This function is required for the organization of flooring in rooms located on the ground floor or in areas with high humidity, and therefore, in most cases, the waterproofing properties of the material when arranging a base for a laminate are not important. To ensure waterproofing in standard rooms, it is enough to lay a PVC film under the substrate.
There are special types of linings with a moisture-proof coating, it is this material that is used in such conditions.
thermal insulation
Any coating under the laminate, regardless of the material of manufacture, allows you to protect the flooring from heat loss. Such a barrier will reflect heat waves and will not allow heat to escape through the concrete base.
When organizing underfloor heating, a special type of substrate will be required, which has a high thermal conductivity, otherwise the efficiency of the warm floor will be low. Types of substrates
The choice of substrate for laminate flooring depends on the characteristics of the room. Modern industry produces many varieties of lining, and you can easily select the necessary material for specific operating conditions.
Substrates are distinguished by three main parameters:
- Form - substrates are rolled or sheet.
- Material - from natural or artificial raw materials.
- Type of raw material - most often linings are produced from: polyethylene foam, expanded polystyrene, foam propylene, cork, bitumen-cork material, coniferous mixtures and in a combined form.
Polyethylene foam
The most affordable material for organizing the lining under the laminate. It is produced by foaming polyethylene and as a result a material is obtained that perfectly resists the destructive effects of microorganisms, has a high level of thermal insulation and waterproofing, and is also perfectly amenable to cutting.
The disadvantages of polyethylene foam include poor sound insulation and low strength characteristics.
Styrofoam
An inexpensive material that has all the necessary qualities of a substrate for a laminate: it evens out small irregularities in a concrete base, copes with high loads without changing its structure, dampens sound waves, and can act as a waterproofing material. Made from extruded polystyrene foam.
Polypropylene
This material is not in wide demand due to its bubble structure. During operation, the bubbles burst, the integrity of the web is violated, which leads to creases in the lamella lock.
It is often used as a waterproofing material.
Cork
Natural material perfectly copes with all loads, has increased thermal insulation properties and protects the room from sound waves. The disadvantages include the high cost of the cork substrate, so it is recommended to use this material when laying an expensive and durable laminate.
bituminous cork
A layer of bitumen and cork chips are applied to the kraft paper. The result is a durable material with increased resistance to moisture.
Coniferous
For the production of coniferous substrate, natural wood is used. This material has enhanced soundproofing properties, well levels the surface of the screed, absorbs condensate, but, like cork, is quite expensive.
Combined
Produced by splicing three layers. The top and bottom layers are made of polyethylene, and the intermediate layer is made of expanded polystyrene. Such material perfectly copes with high humidity, getting rid of moisture vapor through the porous structure of expanded polystyrene.
Combined substrates have good flexibility, have a long service life, retaining their original shape, and well level the surface of the screed. The disadvantages include high cost and undesirable for health evaporation of expanded polystyrene.
Which underlay to choose
The variety of types of underlays confuses a novice builder, but experienced finishers can easily determine which underlay to choose for a laminate based on the parameters and purpose of the room in the apartment, as well as the thickness of the customer's wallet.
Selection criteria and material requirements
In order to understand how to choose a substrate for a laminate, you need to decide on the key selection criteria. The general requirements include the following points:
- the expected life of the coating;
- acceptable range of prices for the material;
- operational properties (resistance to aggressive environments);
- environmental friendliness of the material.
Also select the lining under the laminate according to special criteria:
- degree of moisture resistance;
- level of thermal insulation;
- required coating thickness;
- the degree of sound insulation;
- variety (roll or sheet material).
The best underlay for laminate flooring is one that is suitable for specific tasks, which in turn depends on the location of the apartment and the purpose of the room where the floor is being laid.
To organize the coverage of the rooms on the first floor, it will be correct to use a substrate with increased thermal insulation properties. In the nursery, a substrate with increased soundproofing characteristics is well suited.
For floors with significant (up to 3 mm) differences, it is recommended to use thicker substrates. In private houses located in fairly humid areas, in addition to the standard waterproofing of the floor, an Eco-Cover substrate is used, which will protect the premises from dampness.
For rooms with standard technical characteristics, it is sufficient to use 2 mm roll material.
Substrate thickness
The standard mistake of poorly informed apartment owners is to lay the thickest possible coating under the laminate. Thus, in their opinion, the best thermal insulation and noise protection are achieved. The reasoning is correct, but the nature of the work of the laminate board in bending is not taken into account.
When distributing the vertical load, in the case of using a thick substrate, the board is deformed at the point of adhesion to the adjacent board. As a result of a long dynamic impact, the locks on the lamellas lose their properties and break.
When choosing a substrate for a laminate, this feature should be taken into account and the material should be selected with a thickness of no more than 3 mm, since the main purpose of the lining is to level the floor surface for the subsequent organization of the finish coating, and special advantages (thermal insulation, sound insulation and waterproofing) depend more on the quality and type of material .
The main criterion for choosing the thickness of the material for laying the laminate is the quality of the surface of the base. If the concrete screed has significant differences, it is recommended to use a lining 3 mm thick, in other cases it is enough to lay a material with a thickness of 1 to 2 mm, which provides the necessary insulating characteristics.
An exception may be a lining for thicker (up to 33 mm) and expensive laminate panels, in this case, a lining material with a thickness of up to 5 mm is used.
Substrate rating
The main conditions for choosing a substrate were discussed above. What is the best lining for a particular room depends on its purpose and location, but there is an objective rating of the highest quality materials, which takes into account all the pros and cons of the coating.
The most popular types include the following brands:
- Izolon;
- duplex;
- Isoshum;
- Eco cover;
- Petroform.
Izolon, Tuplex and Petroform are produced in the form of rolls, Izoshum and Eco-Cover are sheet materials.
The most popular and inexpensive linings include the following types:
- Petroform, 2 mm thick;
- Izolon, 3 mm thick;
- Jermaflex, 3 mm thick;
- Isoplaat Startfloor Barlinek;
- Isopolyn.
Underlayment for laminate flooring
Open the underlays. Any novice master will be able to lay a substrate for laying a laminate. It is enough to adhere to the following rules:
- Before laying the substrate, it is necessary to clean the floor surface from dirt and dust.
- The next step is to lay the PVC film, which performs the function of waterproofing. The edges of the film should go 5-8 cm onto the walls, the joints are glued with adhesive tape.
- Now you can lay the underlay. Sheet material is laid end-to-end, rolled material is cut off with a margin on the wall.
- The connecting seams are fastened with adhesive tape.
The sheet substrate for the laminate is laid out immediately over the entire surface of the floor. If roll materials are used, each new piece is laid after laying the laminate on an already prepared surface. This laying order is necessary to preserve the consumer characteristics of the substrate for laminate in rolls, since rolled materials are more delicate and it is not recommended to walk on them during installation.
Related videos
Laminate flooring has long been part of our daily lives. Of the wide range of products, laminate is recognized as one of the most optimal solutions. Choosing it, the consumer pursues such goals as load stability, excellent appearance, durability, price-quality ratio.
In addition, it is quite easy to lay it, so such work can be done not only by a professional, but also by an amateur. However, not everyone knows that the reliability and appearance of the laminate is 80 percent dependent on the substrate.
Surface preparation
Before choosing a substrate, it is necessary to carry out concrete floor surface preparation.
The very first and most important -. If you lay the material on an uneven floor, then it loses its functionality:
- laminate panels will begin to sag under increased load;
- the seams located between the panels may disperse;
- the boards will begin to creak;
- possible swelling of the coating.
Another important feature that can harm the laminate is the high humidity that can penetrate from under the screed. That is why cracks in the cement floor must be carefully sealed.
There are two optimal options for leveling a concrete floor: a cement-sand screed and a self-leveling mixture.
So, when we have the perfect floor for the laminate, we can safely proceed to the choice of the substrate.
Advice! If you did a screed, then you need to wait as long as possible so that all the moisture evaporates. You can check this as follows, put a glass jar upside down, if after 10 hours there is no perspiration, you can get to work.
Why do you need an underlay
Its main functions are sound insulation, water absorption. In addition to all this, it serves as a good shock absorber: when you step on the laminate, it bends, sags, while the substrate softens the deformation. In addition, it hides small irregularities in the concrete floor and plays the role of a heat insulator.
It is important to consider the thickness of the material! It may seem that the more the better. But you need to take into account the fact that, with a thick layer, locks (connections of laminate panels) can begin to break. The thickness of natural substrates is from 2 to 5 mm.
Types of substrates for laminate
In order to choose the right material, let's talk about its functional characteristics.
Cork or cork
Cork or cork backing is an environmentally friendly material. It is recommended to use it in children's rooms and bedrooms.
The main raw material in the production of this material is cork oak bark, it is pressed under pressure and a natural glue is released - suberin, which securely connects pieces of cork, the material becomes homogeneous. On sale you can find a cork substrate in the form of rolls and sheets.
Advantages:
- does not sag or deform over time;
- increases the sound and heat insulating properties of the material;
- fire resistance;
- the ability to maintain shape in all directions;
- has antifungal properties.
Flaws:
- afraid of moisture;
- rather high price;
- not suitable for underfloor heating;
- it needs a perfectly flat floor.
There are varieties of cork substrates: bitumen-cork and rubber-cork.
bituminous cork
For its manufacture, cardboard or strong paper is used, a bituminous layer and cork chips pressed into it are applied to its surface. Should be laid such a substrate with a cork layer down, so it will protect the laminate from moisture and remove accumulated moisture.
Advantages:
- provides waterproofing;
- humidity resistance.
Disadvantages: high price, since this material contains an admixture of bitumen, its price increases.
Rubber-cork
Manufactured using synthetic rubber. Its main positive characteristics are noise absorption, moisture resistance, environmental friendliness of the material. For everyone who has decided to make "warm floors" in the house, the rubber-cork substrate is ideal.
Advice! If you decide in the kitchen or other rooms with high humidity, then you should pay special attention to the waterproofing properties of the material, in which case it is advisable to choose bitumen-cork. In all cork flooring under the laminate there is air movement, which prevents condensation from appearing on the surface.
isolonovaya
In other words, polyethylene foam. It is one of the most sought after. It is produced in the form of rolls and sheets. The thickness of the sheets ranges from 2-5 mm.
Advantages:
- the material is absolutely waterproof;
- low cost;
- environmental Safety;
- destructively affects mold, fungus;
- ease and simplicity in work.
Flaws:
- low level of sound insulation;
- deformation during active use;
- loses volume under load;
- low damping properties.
foil
This material consists of polystyrene and aluminum foil, which gives it a heat-insulating effect, reducing room heat loss.
Advice! You need to lay such a substrate with the foil up so that it retains its useful properties.
Advantages:
- not afraid of mold and moisture;
- acceptable price;
- thermal insulation, sound insulation;
- does not absorb moisture.
Flaws:
- at high loads, bursts and turns into ordinary polyethylene, quickly pressed;
- short-lived.
Advice! This type of substrate can be used under the underfloor heating system.
Expanded polystyrene extruded
A high-quality material of a new generation, which is beginning to be actively used in thermal insulation of floors. Its composition is filled with air molecules.
Advantages:
- high thermal insulation performance;
- lack of moisture under the laminate;
- provides air movement.
Flaws:
- leveling ability is weak;
- when used, a large amount of unused material remains.
How to lay cork flooring
- Before starting work, it is necessary to unpack the roll and leave it at room temperature for a day so that the material adapts to room conditions and humidity.
- It is necessary to thoroughly clean the base, putty all cracks. This material, when laid on a concrete floor, needs to be treated with an antifungal mixture, this will help prevent mold in the future.
- Attention should be paid to waterproofing, most often a plastic film is used, which is cut into strips of the required length with a margin of 3-4 cm.
- It's important to know that the underlayment is laid across the laminate panels! We prepare it in the required size and length. It is necessary to lay with a distance of 1 cm from the wall, and the next sheet is placed end-to-end, without overlaps and gaps. We connect them with construction tape.
- The last final stage is the treatment of the substrate with a water-repellent composition, which will provide additional protection against dampness and moisture.
Let's summarize:
This material is an expensive pleasure, but if you decide to make a quality floor that will last you for many years, opt for it.
Advice! You can not lay the substrate in two layers!
Styrofoam underlayment
In order to lay the substrate, we must prepare the subfloor. To do this, as mentioned above, you need:
- leveling the cement-sand screed;
- clean the surface of dirt and other irregularities, if there are cracks or other defects, they need to be puttied, it must be clean, even and dry;
- in order to lay extruded polystyrene foam, you do not need additional fastening materials, glue, adhesive tape, you need to lay it across, at an angle of 45 degrees;
- the last stage, we place it as close as possible to each other in a checkerboard pattern.
Laying an insulating substrate
It is laid on the prepared concrete floor. Cut the strips to the desired length and lay them overlapping each other. Everything should be fastened with ordinary tape. When laying, it is necessary to maintain a gap between the wall and the laminate.
Blitz tip:
The laminate should only be laid on a flat surface so that the differences do not exceed 2 mm.
A variety of building materials ensures the creation of unique and inimitable interiors in residential and office premises. For example, a floor covering such as laminate creates a cozy and comfortable environment due to its texture and imitation of natural wood. The ease of installation makes it a very popular coating. But we should not forget some features of the installation. Due to the fact that the coating is laid without fixing to the base, i.e. the floor turns out to be floating, then during operation some inconveniences may occur: increased noise and creaking of the floorboards.
Laying the laminate is made on the substrate, it insulates the floor, reduces noise and creaking.
To avoid this, it is necessary to put a substrate under the laminate.
Types of substrates and their difference
The use of the substrate provides steam - sound and heat insulation of the room. A small layer of material provides reliable sound insulation, and all movements in the room will be silent. A wide range of lining material fully copes with the tasks:
The cork backing does not deteriorate, does not rot, and provides good sound insulation in the room.
Cork material. Natural, ecological coating provides sound insulation in the room for many years. Does not lose its properties over the years, does not deteriorate, does not rot. It is preferred to be placed in living quarters, nurseries, bedrooms.
Manufacturers offer several types of cork coating:
- rubber cork - the most resistant to moisture, it is preferable to lay in wet rooms;
- bitumen-cork - kraft paper acts as the basis, sprinkled with crumbs on top. Using it, you can provide excellent air exchange;
- bituminous crumb substrate is the cheapest option, but is afraid of dampness, so it can crumble and lose all its properties.
When choosing this type of material for laying it on a concrete screed, one should take into account its fear of moisture and provide moisture protection with ordinary plastic wrap. Since the base of the laminate is compressed wood shavings, it can absorb moisture and eventually deteriorate and collapse.
Only a perfectly flat surface is suitable for mounting such a coating, since the cork substrate is characterized by increased rigidity. Small bumps, poor floorboard fit, combined with heavy furniture will lead to bulging of the flooring and new work.
Foamed polyethylene
A cheaper option for bedding, but there are some limitations here:
- too heavy things should not be placed on the laminate, as the bubbles inside the polyethylene will burst and the substrate will turn into a bumpy fabric;
- not very good sound insulation will create some discomfort in the room.
Using polyethylene foam, the space between the floor and the laminate will be well ventilated.
Extruded polystyrene foam is very combustible, emits dangerous resins when burned.
Giving preference to this type of material, the client receives an excellent sound and heat insulating layer for 5-7 years. After a specified time, the material begins to lose them.
The material is combustible, the fire spreads very quickly, in the process of burning, volatile resins dangerous to humans are released. Polystyrene plates are laid end-to-end, connected with adhesive tape.
Coniferous insulator
Pine tile is an excellent insulator for laminate flooring. The insulator is less flexible, but ventilates the space well. Fits end-to-end, serves for a very long time, without losing properties.
The most common type of insulator is foil. Available in single and double sided. The foil prevents heat leakage and can serve as a substrate not only for laminate flooring, but also for underfloor heating.
The foil insulator is overlapped.
It overlaps, it is possible not to connect with adhesive tape.
Polyethylene film
Such a variant of the substrate can now be found infrequently. It is used to create budget coverage options. After 2-3 years, the effectiveness of its use disappears.
wood boards
To compensate for small bumps and bumps, experienced craftsmen often use chipboard or fiberboard. Their laying achieves not only the sound insulation of the room, but significantly increases the thermal insulation of the floor.
The plates are stacked in a checkerboard pattern, end-to-end, a gap of up to 2 mm should be left between the sheets. For linear expansion, the plates are also moved away from the wall by 7-8 mm.
Unique combination 2 in 1
Modern manufacturers have taken care of their customers and combined the substrate and laminate. On sale there are floorboards with a lower insulating part. Using them, the master does not need to additionally lay a noise-absorbing layer.
Errors during installation, installation features
Laminate floor plan.
Given the advantages of each type of insulator, one should not forget the sense of proportion and lay the coating in two or more layers. From this, depreciation increases, at the point of loading, pressure increases, from which the floorboard can break.
A rigid insulator should be taken only if the base (screed) is even. The smoother the floor, the thinner the layer of insulating material can be purchased.
The insulating layer should be placed evenly, end-to-end, avoiding the coincidence of the connecting seams and joints on the floorboards. The insulator must not be overlapped, as unevenness will be created and the integrity of the laminate will be at risk of breaking at higher elevations.
Almost all of the considered substrates are vapor-permeable; in certain cases, wood flooring should be additionally protected from moisture. For this, an ordinary polyethylene film is used, but you need to choose at least 200 microns in density.
Before laying polyethylene, the surface of the screed or subfloor must be dry. If you violate the recommendations, then mold will soon appear under the laid material, which will grow very quickly and will pose a threat not only to the laminate, slowly destroying it, but also to the inhabitants of these premises.
Considering each of the proposed options, the consumer himself must determine what kind of material he needs. Each individual case is considered individually, the disadvantages and advantages of each insulator are taken into account.
The rough base of the floor is not suitable for laying laminate directly on it.
As a gasket between the base and the top flooring, a special substrate is used, the use of which guarantees comfortable operation of the laminate for many years.
Hardware stores offer a wide range of different types of substrates, and each of them can be characterized both from a certain positive side and from a negative side.
To begin with, let's try to figure it out - why is a substrate under the laminate needed at all, and is it needed at all?
Functionality
- Soundproofing and sound absorption
Such properties of the substrate provide a significant reduction in the noise effect when various objects fall on the floor.
In addition, noise absorption reduces the audibility between adjacent floors.
- Moisture isolation
It is no secret that the rough concrete floor actively “breathes”, and unnecessary moisture inevitably forms on its surface.
If you lay a laminate directly on it, then the bottom layer of the flooring may be affected by mold.
- Leveling effect
The subfloor naturally may not be ideal.
Differences of a few millimeters, pits and bumps are a frequent occurrence both in old buildings and in new construction.
Laying the underlay will help smooth out minor surface irregularities, taking the load off the locks of the laminate in those places where it will be necessary to do so.
- Cushioning properties
By itself, the laminate is a hard floor covering, and if it is laid, for example, on a concrete base, then walking on it will not only be uncomfortable and uncomfortable, but also not safe for the health of the feet.
The underlay has a slight shock-absorbing effect, which is necessary for the ease of use of the floor.
Also, depreciation allows you to increase the life of the locks of laminate boards.
The need for laying the substrate is eliminated only if the selected laminate already has it on the back. In this case, the relevant information must be indicated in the instructions for laying the laminate.
Thickness
Manufacturers offer different thicknesses of substrates for laminate - it can vary from 0.8 mm to 10 mm.
The main criterion for choosing a thickness is the condition of the subfloor. The smoother it is, the thinner the substrate should be.
For domestic use, most manufacturers offer to purchase a 2.3.4 mm underlay - these dimensions are most suitable for the most comfortable laying of the floor and at the same time do not cause excessive cushioning at all.
Substrate varieties
How to choose a laminate flooring?
From needles
This type of substrate refers to thick, as it is produced in the form of layers with a thickness of 5 mm or 7 mm.
Its use is advisable in those places where the unevenness of the floor is more than two millimeters mm per square meter.
According to all characteristics, the coniferous substrate is on top:
- it has excellent sound insulation,
- cushioning and moisture-retaining properties,
- high level of noise reduction.
In addition, the undoubted advantages of such a coating include the environmental friendliness of the material. After all, coniferous substrates are pressed into layers without the addition of binding chemicals, such as glue.
But this material has not received wide consumer distribution, not only because of the large thickness, but also because of its high cost.
In addition, most laminate manufacturers oblige to use a substrate of only “standard” thickness (up to 4 mm), and if some boards become completely or partially unusable, then it will not be possible to replace them under the factory warranty.
Polystyrene
Extruded polystyrene foam is increasingly being used as a substrate material for laminate flooring, as it has a whole range of positive characteristics, properties and qualities:
- he does an excellent job of leveling the subfloor, if there is such a need,
- is a good sound and noise insulator,
- has anti-vibration and shock-absorbing effect.
In addition, polystyrene is non-toxic in nature, does not attract rodents and other pests, and is also virtually mold resistant.
Of the negative points - this is a short service life in places of local load (for example, in places where heavy massive furniture is placed) - polystyrene can become thinner up to the formation of holes.
Made of polyethylene
This type of substrate is one of the most common and inexpensive, you can find it in almost any specialized hardware store.
Izolon is a multicomponent mixture based on foamed cellular polyethylene, and various dyes, as well as compounds that ensure the fire safety of the material, are added to it.
Despite the chemical composition, isolon is an absolutely non-toxic material, which also effectively resists the aggressive effects of various chemical reagents.
Isolon does not attract rodents and is not a delicacy for insects, so it can be safely used even in a private home.
According to its characteristics, isolon is inferior to other types of laminate substrates, since its cells are short-lived, and it quickly wrinkles. In some cases, the opening of the floors showed its complete thinning.
Therefore, it is not recommended to put isolon under a durable class 33 laminate, it is best to use it in places with a small step load and a minimum of massive furniture.
with foil
Foil substrate for laminate flooring can be found in two versions: with a polystyrene base and with an isolon base.
Aluminum foil is glued to one of their sides with special glue.
There is no fundamental difference between both types, since the materials are, in principle, similar in their performance characteristics.
The foil also gives the substrate an additional heat-insulating effect, reducing the heat loss of the room by almost 30%.
Manufacturers of such a substrate do not always indicate in the instructions which side to put.
But it is precisely the correct location of the foil side that achieves the necessary heat-preserving effect. When laying the substrate, the foil layer must be on top!
Combination of polyethylene foam and isolon
Another interesting material is the so-called Tuplex.
The substrate from it will consist of three layers: polyethylene foam along the edges, and granular isolon in the middle. In this case, its thickness will be no more than three millimeters.
When developing Tuplex, manufacturers took into account the main drawback of the substrates - quick creasing - and tried to solve this problem.
In addition, this material has increased moisture resistance, which prevents the development of mold.
Cork
This is a high-quality, expensive and durable material:
- she keeps her shape very well
- is an excellent sound and noise absorber,
- does not transmit vibration
- evens out the unevenness of the subfloor,
- ideal in terms of environmental friendliness.
She has only one drawback - the fear of moisture.
And if it is planned to lay it on a rough concrete base, then the use of an additional moisture-proof gasket is mandatory; you can also use an ordinary wide rolled polyethylene film as it.
Choice of underfloor heating
When buying, you need to pay attention to special marks - there should be an inscription “for a warm floor” on the substrate. Generally speaking, the substrate should transmit heat as much as possible, i.e. have a very low coefficient of thermal resistance.
The substrate should be thin, no more than 3 mm. The cork substrate is not suitable, as it is a good heat insulator.
There are also special perforated substrates, for example, Arbiton Izo Floor Thermo 1.6 mm.
Substrate laying
The method of laying the substrate depends on its form of release. Basically, there are three types of sheet formation: roll, accordion and layers.
One of the simplest types of substrate formation in terms of its installation is roll twisting.
The width of the roll is most often 1.2 m, length - from 10 meters. The rolling of the roll is carried out in a direction perpendicular to the forthcoming laying of the laminate boards.
This is done so that during the operation of the floor, the seams of the substrate do not part.
The installation process itself will look like this:
- The rough base is carefully cleaned of dirt, which can create additional irregularities, and a polyethylene film is laid out on it as a moisture-proof layer - at will or on the recommendation of the laminate manufacturer.
- Further, starting from any wall, the roll of the substrate is rolled out. Its edges must necessarily go to opposite walls at least a few centimeters, then the excess can be cut off.
- Then, close to the first strip, the second is rolled out. You can fasten them together with both simple adhesive tape and aluminum tape. The main thing is that the seam is strong and reliable. Thus, the entire necessary floor surface is covered.
Sheets
The substrate in sheets are strong rectangular plates.
The process of laying them begins in the same way as the roll substrate, that is, with cleaning the floor and moisture protection flooring.
There are only two rules:
- The perpendicularity of the long side of the backing to the intended direction of the laminate.
- Laying adjacent rows of platinum in a checkerboard pattern.
The plates are also fastened with adhesive tape or special adhesive tape.
What is an accordion underlay for laminate flooring?
This is a symbiosis of the compactness of the plates already fastened together along the long side and the convenience of roll rolling.
This form of the substrate is much less common than the previous two, although it combines the convenience of each of them.
It is easier to transport than, for example, rolled, and faster to stack than sheet.
Laying it is the same as rolling out the roll substrate.
Estimated cost of the substrate
As an example of the cost of one square meter of a substrate for a laminate, we will give several of the most popular types of material and their average retail prices in Moscow.
Which is better? Customer Reviews
Theoretical knowledge about the types of substrates is, of course, a significant plus when going to a hardware store. Together with them, the reviews of people who already operate a properly laid laminate will also help determine the right purchase decision.
“... I laid the laminate myself without anyone's professional or outside help. This is probably why the required number of selected polystyrene foam sheets was calculated incorrectly. Unfortunately, in the nearest building supermarket, only rolls of isolon were on sale, but of the same thickness. So I had to combine: half of the room has one substrate, the second - the other.
After one year, I don't notice any difference. Laminate boards lie just as I laid them. The locks are not loosened, I do not feel voids. The only thing I really don't like is the complaints from the living neighbors below about the roar from even small objects falling on our floor. Unfortunately, this manifested defect can no longer be corrected ... "
Andrey Yurievich, 39 years old.
“... I came to a hardware store, and the consultant began to strongly recommend that I buy an expensive cork substrate. It's good that I guessed to call a friend who is engaged in repairs, and he told me that in the bedroom under the cheap laminate that I had already chosen, buying an expensive substrate is just stupid.
Therefore, I bought polyethylene foam in a roll, gave the materials to the master, and he once again confirmed that I had chosen everything correctly. Unfortunately, my bed has massive legs, and after a couple of months, I began to feel that the laminate under them seemed to sag. There are no problems with the locks yet, no gaps have appeared ... "
Olga Tikhonova, 32 years old.
Summing up, you need to pay special attention to the fact that the purchase of an expensive high-quality laminate will not bring pleasure from its operation if the false material under it quickly becomes unusable and becomes unusable.
Conversely, does it make sense to purchase a substrate more expensive than the flooring itself?
Before going to the store, ask as many of your friends as possible, study special articles - this way you will insure yourself against unnecessary unplanned expenses both at the time of purchase and some time after the operation of the floor.
