The history of the creation of the thermometer begins many years ago. People have always wanted to have a device that allows them to measure the amount of heating or cooling of a certain object. This opportunity arose in 1592, when Galileo designed the first instrument that made it possible to determine temperature changes. This device, consisting of a glass ball and a tube soldered to it, was called a thermoscope. The end of the tube was placed in a vessel with water, and the ball was heated. When the heating stopped, the pressure inside the ball dropped, and the water rose through the tube under the influence of atmospheric pressure. As the temperature increased, the reverse process occurred and the water level in the tube decreased. The device did not have a scale, and it was impossible to determine the exact temperature values ​​from it. Subsequently, Florentine scientists eliminated this shortcoming, as a result of which the measurements became more accurate. This is how the prototype of the first thermometer was created.

At the beginning of the next century, the famous Florentine scientist, a student of Galileo, Evangelista Torricelli invented an alcohol thermometer. As we all know well, the ball in it is located under a glass tube, and alcohol is used instead of water. The readings of this device do not depend on atmospheric pressure.

Invention of the first mercury thermometer by D.G. Fahrenheit dates back to 1714. He took 32 degrees as the lower point of his shala, which corresponded to the freezing point of the saline solution, and 2120 as the upper point, the boiling point of water. The Fahrenheit scale is still used in the United States today.

In 1730, French scientist R.A. Reaumur proposed a scale in which the extreme points were the boiling and freezing temperatures of water, and the freezing point of water was taken as 0 degrees on the Reaumur scale, and the boiling point as 80 degrees. Currently, the Reaumur scale is practically not used.

28 years later, the Swedish researcher A. Celsius developed his own scale, where the boiling and freezing temperatures of water were taken as the extreme points, as in the Reaumur scale, but the interval between them was divided not by 80, but by 100 degrees, and initially the graduation was from the top down, that is, the boiling point of water was taken as zero, and the freezing point of water as one hundred degrees. The inconvenience of such a division soon became obvious, and subsequently Stremmer and Linnaeus swapped the extreme points of the scale, giving it the appearance we are familiar with.

In the middle of the 19th century, the British scientist William Thomson, known as Lord Kelvin, proposed a temperature scale, the lowest point of which was -273.15 0C - absolute zero, at this value there is no movement of molecules.

This is how we can briefly describe the history of the creation of the thermometer and temperature scales. Currently, the most widely used thermometers are the Celsius scale, the Fahrenheit scale is still used in the United States, and the Kelvin scale is the most popular in science.

Today, there are many designs of thermometers, instruments that measure temperature, based on various physical properties and widely used in everyday life, science and industry.

Using modern household appliances, we do not think about what they were like at the dawn of their appearance. Sometimes we don’t notice that when we get up in the morning, we turn on any of the home devices, without which our life is not possible, and if for a moment you imagine that there is no TV, refrigerator, microwave oven or iron, you involuntarily think about how much modern humanity depends on from electronic devices that make life easier and save a lot of time. Some hundred years ago all this did not exist and it is very difficult to say what awaits us in a century, one can only guess. So, how did home appliances appear and what do they represent today?

TV

The idea of ​​​​transmitting an image over distances comes from ancient times; remember the Russian fairy tale about the “saucer with a poured apple,” which also showed an image. The first incarnation of this idea began at the end of the 19th century, and only in 1907 the inventor Max Dieckmann demonstrated the first semblance of a mechanical type television with a twenty-line 3 by 3 cm screen and a frame rate of 10 frames per second. The principle of electronic television broadcasting was patented in 1923 by our compatriot Vladimir Zvorykin, who emigrated to the states.

And in 1927, the United States began its first television broadcast, then in 1928, Great Britain also began broadcasting, followed by Germany in 1929. Germany introduced the VHF band for mass television broadcasting in 1935. From that moment on, the rapid development of televisions began, which were owned by 180 thousand American families in 1947, and by 1953 this figure had grown to 28 million. The modern television has not changed its purpose, only the functionality and screen sizes have undergone changes that allow you to feel what is happening on the screen in full force.

Fridge

Residents of temperate and northern latitudes knew how to store food using cold; in southern countries they did not even imagine that ice could be useful for household needs, and only rich southerners could order snow from the mountain peaks. Our ancestors made cellars. Which are not much different from the current underground refrigerators that our grandparents still use. The first artificial ice was produced in 1850 by John Gorey, who used a compression cycle in his device, a similar design is still used today.

In 1879, ammonia began to be used in the compressor, and many enterprises in the meat industry and other similar enterprises began to purchase devices for making ice. The first household electric refrigerator was manufactured in 1913 and used quite toxic substances in its design. In 1927, General Electric mass-produced the Monitor-Top refrigerator, which was very popular and sales reached 1 million units. Freon began to be used in 1930, and is still used today. A modern refrigerator is an attribute of every family, which has intelligent control that allows you to preserve food for a long time.

Microwave

American military engineer Percy Spencer, conducting experiments with microwave radiation, noticed the property of heating food and patented his invention in 1946. The world's first microwave was released by the American company Raytheon in 1947 and was called Radarange. At first, it was used exclusively by the military to defrost food in soldiers' canteens and was the size of a man.

The first consumer microwave oven for the home was introduced by the Tappan Company in 1955. And only in 1962, the Japanese company Sharp released the first production model to the mass market, which at first was not in great demand. A modern microwave is a device that includes grill, convection, microwaves and has a lot of automatic modes for preparing a variety of dishes. This device has become firmly established in our everyday life, thanks to
speed of completing assigned tasks.

Washing machine

Until the 19th century, things were washed by hand, and there was such a profession as laundress, which required heavy physical labor. To make washing easier, primitive tools were used, such as beaters with notches to better remove dirt. In 1874, William Blackstone put into mass production the first washing machine with a manual mechanical drive, which greatly facilitated this difficult work.

The electric washing machine appeared in 1908, and the fully automatic one in 1949 in the USA. At the present stage of development, devices can wash, rinse and spin, and also do this with a given temperature and intensity, which allows you to wash any type of fabric and you only need to put the laundry in the unit and press a button.

Vacuum cleaner

The first to think of sucking up dust when cleaning rooms was Huber Cecil Booth, a British man by birth, who patented his invention in 1901. The inventor realized that the device would be in demand and designed the Puffing Billy, a bulky unit that was carried on a cart and ran first on fuel and then on electricity. The device had a 30-meter hose and was brought as close as possible to the door of the house for cleaning the premises.

The first household electric vacuum cleaner was patented by P. A. Fisker in 1910; it weighed more than 17 kilograms and could easily be used by one person. In 1919, the Association of Vacuum Cleaner Manufacturers was created. The first bagless vacuum cleaner was patented by Amway in 1959. Now vacuum cleaners have more powerful parameters with special brushes and air purification filters, as well as light weight and compact dimensions.

Iron

This household appliance has a very ancient history; the principle of hot ironing was used during the times of the ancient Greeks, and had the appearance of an iron rod in the form of a rolling pin, which was heated over a fire. In the Middle Ages they used “bark” metal mugs filled with hot water. In the 18th century, the iron with hot coals inside appeared, but the most popular were heating irons. The first electric iron was created by Earl Richardson in 1903. The latest iron models have a wide range of temperature settings, as well as a steam function that makes ironing easier.

Inventions of the 19th century. From grateful descendants

The inventions of the 19th century laid the scientific and practical foundation for the discoveries and inventions of the 20th century. The nineteenth century became a springboard for a breakthrough in civilization. In this article I will talk about the most significant and outstanding scientific achievements of the nineteenth century. Tens of thousands of inventions, new technologies, fundamental scientific discoveries. Automobiles, aviation, access to outer space, electronics... It would take a long time to list them. All this became possible in the 20th century thanks to the scientific and technical inventions of the nineteenth century.

Unfortunately, it is impossible to talk in detail about every invention created in the century before last in one article. Therefore, in this article, all inventions will be discussed as briefly as possible.

Inventions of the 19th century. The Age of Steam. Rails

The nineteenth century was the golden age for steam engines. Invented in the eighteenth century, it was increasingly improved, and by the middle of the nineteenth century it was used almost everywhere. Plants, factories, mills...
And back in 1804, the Englishman Richard Trevithick installed a steam engine on wheels. And the wheels rested on metal rails. The result was the first steam locomotive. Of course, it was very imperfect and was used as an entertaining toy. The power of the steam engine was only enough to move the locomotive itself and a small cart with passengers. There was no talk about the practical use of this design.

But a more powerful steam engine can be installed. Then the locomotive will be able to transport more cargo. Of course, iron is expensive and the creation of a railway will cost a pretty penny. But the owners of coal mines and mines knew how to count money. And from the mid-thirties of the century before last, the first steam locomotives set off across the plains of the Metropolis, hissing steam and scaring away horses and cows.

Such clumsy structures made it possible to sharply increase cargo turnover. From the mine to the port, from the port to the steel furnace. It became possible to smelt more iron and create more machines from it. So the locomotive pulled technological progress forward with it.

Inventions of the 19th century. The Age of Steam. Rivers and seas

And the first steamboat, ready for practical use, and not just another toy, splashed across the Hudson with paddle wheels in 1807. Its inventor, Robert Fulton, installed a steam engine on a small river boat. The engine power was small, but the ship still made up to five knots per hour without the help of the wind. The ship was a passenger ship, but at first few people dared to step aboard such an unusual design. But gradually things got better. After all, steamships were less dependent on the vagaries of nature.

In 1819, the Savannah, a ship equipped with a sail rig and an auxiliary steam engine, crossed the Atlantic Ocean for the first time. The sailors used a tailwind for most of the journey, and used the steam engine during calm periods. And 19 years later, the steamship Sirius made the crossing of the Atlantic using only steam.

In 1838, the Englishman Francis Smith installed a propeller instead of bulky paddle wheels, which was much smaller in size and allowed the ship to reach higher speeds. With the introduction of screw steamers, the centuries-old era of beautiful sailing ships came to an end.

Inventions of the 19th century. Electricity

In the nineteenth century, experiments with electricity led to the creation of many devices and mechanisms. Scientists and inventors conducted many experiments and developed fundamental formulas and concepts that are still used in our 21st century.

In 1800, Italian inventor Alessandro Volta assembled the first galvanic cell - the prototype of the modern battery. A copper disk, then a cloth soaked in acid, then a piece of zinc. Such a sandwich creates electrical voltage. And if you connect such elements with each other, you get a battery. Its voltage and power directly depend on the number of galvanic cells.

1802, Russian scientist Vasily Petrov, having constructed a battery of several thousand elements, receives a Voltaic arc, the prototype of modern welding and a light source.

In 1831, Michael Faraday invented the first electrical generator that could convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Now there is no need to burn yourself with acid and put together countless metal mugs. Based on this generator, Faraday creates an electric motor. For now, these are still demonstration models that clearly show the laws of electromagnetic induction.

In 1834, the Russian scientist B. S. Jacobi designs the first electric motor with a rotating armature. This motor can already find practical application. The boat, driven by this electric motor, goes against the current on the Neva, carrying 14 passengers.

Inventions of the 19th century. Electric lamp

Since the forties of the nineteenth century, experiments have been underway to create incandescent lamps. A current passed through a thin metal wire heats it up to a bright glow. Unfortunately, the metal filament burns out very quickly, and inventors are struggling to increase the service life of the light bulb. Various metals and materials are used. Finally, in the nineties of the nineteenth century, the Russian scientist Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin introduced the electric light bulb to which we are accustomed. This is a glass bulb from which the air has been pumped out; a refractory tungsten spiral is used as a filament.

Inventions of the 19th century. Telephone

In 1876, the American Alexander Bell patented the “talking telegraph,” the prototype of the modern telephone. This device is still imperfect; the quality and range of communication leave much to be desired. There is no bell that everyone is familiar with, and to call a subscriber you need to whistle into the receiver with a special whistle.
Literally a year later, Thomas Edison improved the telephone by installing a carbon microphone. Now subscribers don’t have to scream heart-rendingly into the phone. The communication range increases, the usual handset and bell appear.

Inventions of the 19th century. Telegraph

The telegraph was also invented in the early nineteenth century. The first samples were very imperfect, but then a qualitative leap occurred. The use of an electromagnet made it possible to send and receive messages faster. But the existing legend about the inventor of the telegraph alphabet, Samuel Morse, is not entirely true. Morse invented the coding principle itself - a combination of short and long pulses. But the alphabet itself, numerical and alphabetic, was created by Alfred Weil. Telegraph lines eventually entangled the entire Earth. Submarine cables appeared connecting America and Europe. The enormous speed of data transfer has also made a significant contribution to the development of science.

Inventions of the 19th century. Radio

Radio also appeared in the nineteenth century, at its very end. It is generally accepted that Marconi invented the first radio receiver. Although his discovery was preceded by the work of other scientists, and in many countries the primacy of this inventor is often questioned.

For example, in Russia Alexander Stepanovich Popov is considered the inventor of radio. In 1895, he presented his device, called a lightning detector. Lightning during a thunderstorm caused an electromagnetic pulse. From the antenna, this pulse entered the coherer - a glass flask with metal filings. The electrical resistance decreased sharply, current flowed through the wire winding of the bell electromagnet, and a signal was heard. Then Popov repeatedly modernized his invention. The transceivers were installed on warships of the Russian Navy, the communication range reached twenty kilometers. The first radio even saved the lives of fishermen who broke away on an ice floe in the Gulf of Finland.

Inventions of the 19th century. Automobile

The history of the car also dates back to the nineteenth century. Of course, history buffs can also remember the steam car of the Frenchman Cugnot, whose first ride took place in 1770. By the way, the first ride ended with the first accident, the steam car crashed into a wall. Cugno's invention cannot be considered a real car; it is more of a technical curiosity.
Daimler Benz can with a high degree of confidence be considered the inventor of a real car that is suitable for everyday practical use.

Benz made his first trip in his car in 1885. It was a three-wheeled carriage, with a gasoline engine, a simple carburetor, electric ignition and water cooling. There was even a differential! The engine power was just under one horsepower. The motor crew accelerated to 16 kilometers per hour, which was quite enough with a spring suspension and simple steering.

Of course, other inventions preceded the Benz car. So, a gasoline, or rather gas, engine was created in 1860. It was a two-stroke engine that used a mixture of lighting gas and air as fuel. The ignition was spark. In its design, it resembled a steam engine, but it was lighter and did not require time to ignite the firebox. The engine power was about 12 horsepower.
In 1876, the German engineer and inventor, Nikolaus Otto, designed a four-stroke gas engine. It turned out to be more economical and quiet, although more complex. In the theory of internal combustion engines there is even a term “Otto cycle”, named after the creator of this power plant.
In 1885, two engineers, Daimler and Maybach, designed a lightweight and compact carburetor engine running on gasoline. Benz installs this unit on its three-wheeled carriage.

In 1897, Rudolf Diesel assembled an engine in which the air-fuel mixture was ignited by strong compression rather than by a spark. In theory, such an engine should be more economical than a carburetor. Finally the engine is assembled and the theory is confirmed. Trucks and ships now use engines called diesel engines.
Of course, dozens and hundreds of other automotive little things are being invented, such as the ignition coil, steering, headlights, and much more, which make the car convenient and safe.

Inventions of the 19th century. Photo

In the 19th century, another invention appeared, without which existence now seems unthinkable. This photo.
The camera obscura, a box with a hole in the front wall, has been known since ancient times. Chinese scientists also noticed that if a room is tightly draped with curtains and there is a small hole in the curtain, then on a bright sunny day an image of the landscape outside the window appears on the opposite wall, albeit upside down. This phenomenon was often used by magicians and careless artists.

But it was not until 1826 that the Frenchman Joseph Niepce found a more practical use for a light-collecting box. Joseph applied a thin layer of asphalt varnish to a sheet of glass. Then the first photographic plate was installed in the apparatus and... In order to get an image, you had to wait about twenty minutes. And if this was not considered critical for landscapes, then those who wanted to capture themselves in eternity had to try. After all, the slightest movement led to a spoiled, blurry frame. And the process of obtaining an image was not yet similar to what had become common in the twentieth century, and the cost of such a “photo” was very high.

A few years later, chemical reagents that were more sensitive to light appeared; now there was no need to sit, staring at one point and be afraid of sneezing. In the 1870s, photographic paper appeared, and ten years later, heavy and fragile glass plates were replaced by photographic film.

The history of photography is so interesting that we will definitely devote a separate large article to it.

Inventions of the 19th century. Gramophone

But a device that allows you to record and play sound appeared almost at the turn of the century. At the end of November 1877, inventor Thomas Edison presented his next invention. It was a box with a spring mechanism inside, a long cylinder covered with foil and a horn on the outside. When the mechanism was launched, many thought that a miracle had happened. From the metal bell came, albeit quietly and inaudibly, the sounds of a children's song about a girl who brought her lamb to school. Moreover, the song was performed by the inventor himself.
Soon Edison improved the device, calling it a phonograph. Wax cylinders began to be used instead of foil. The quality of recording and playback has improved.

If you use a disk made of durable material instead of a wax cylinder, the volume and duration of the sound will increase. The first use of a shell disc was in 1887 by Emil Berlinner. The device, called a gramophone, gained great popularity, because stamping records with recordings turned out to be much faster and cheaper than recording music on cylinders of soft wax.

And soon the first record companies appeared. But this is already the history of the twentieth century.

Inventions of the 19th century. Warfare

And of course, technological progress has not spared the military. Among the most significant military inventions of the nineteenth century, we can note the massive transition from muzzle-loading smoothbore shotguns to rifled firearms. Cartridges appeared in which gunpowder and bullet formed a single whole. A bolt appeared on the guns. Now the soldier did not have to separately pour gunpowder into the barrel, then insert a wad, then push in a bullet and then a wad again, using a ramrod during each operation. The rate of fire has increased several times.

The queen of the fields, artillery, also underwent similar changes. From the second half of the nineteenth century, gun barrels became rifled, dramatically increasing accuracy and firing range. Loading now took place from the breech, and cylindrical projectiles began to be used instead of cores. Gun barrels were no longer cast from cast iron, but from stronger steel.

Pyroxylin smokeless gunpowder appeared, nitroglycerin was invented - an oily liquid that explodes with a slight push or blow, and then dynamite - all the same nitroglycerin mixed with binders.
The nineteenth century gave generals and admirals the first machine gun, the first submarine, sea mines, unguided missiles and armored steel ships, torpedoes; instead of red and blue uniforms, suitable only for parades, soldiers received a uniform that was comfortable and invisible on the battlefield. The electric telegraph began to be used for communication, and the invention of canned food greatly simplified the provision of food to armies. Anesthesia, invented in 1842, saved the lives of many wounded people.

Inventions of the 19th century. Match

In the nineteenth century, a lot of things were invented, sometimes unnoticeable in everyday life. Matches were invented, the most seemingly simple and ordinary thing, but for the appearance of this small wooden stick it took the discoveries of chemists and designers. Special machines were created for the mass production of matches.

1830 — Thomas McCall of Scotland invents the two-wheeled bicycle

1860 — Pierre Michaud from France upgrades his bicycle by adding pedals

1870 — James Starley from France creates a modification of the bicycle with a big wheel

1885 — John Kemp from Australia makes cycling safer

1960 racing bicycle appears in the USA

In the mid-1970s, mountain biking appeared in the United States.

Inventions of the 19th century. Stethoscope

Remember going to the doctor-therapist. A cold touch to the body of a metal round, the command “Breathe - don’t breathe.” This is a stethoscope. It appeared in 1819 due to the reluctance of the French physician Rene Laennec to put his ear to the patient's body. At first, the doctor used tubes made of paper, then wood, and then the stethoscope was improved, became even more convenient, and modern devices use the same principles of operation as the first paper tubes.

Inventions of the 19th century. Metronome

To train novice musicians to gain a sense of rhythm, the metronome was invented in the nineteenth century, a simple mechanical device that made clicks evenly. The frequency of sounds was regulated by moving a special weight along the pendulum scale.

Inventions of the 19th century. Metal feathers

The nineteenth century also brought relief to the saviors of Rome - the geese. In the 1830s, metal feathers appeared; now there was no need to run after these proud birds in order to borrow a feather, and there was no need to trim steel feathers. By the way, the penknife was originally used for the constant sharpening of bird feathers.

Inventions of the 19th century. ABC for the blind

While still a child, Louis Braille, the inventor of the alphabet for the blind, became blind himself. This did not stop him from studying, becoming a teacher, and inventing a special method of three-dimensional printing, now the letters could be touched with the fingers. Braille is still used today, thanks to it people who have lost their sight or were blind from birth were able to gain knowledge and get intellectual work.

In 1836, an interesting structure appeared in one of the endless wheat fields of California. Several horses pulled the cart, which made noise, creaked, squealed, and frightened the crows and respectable farmers. On the cart, undulating wheels spun randomly, chains rumbled and knife blades sparkled. This mechanical monster devoured wheat and spat out straw that no one needed. And the wheat accumulated in the belly of the monster. This was the first grain harvester. Later, combines became even more productive, but they also required more and more traction power; up to forty horses or oxen pulled mechanical monsters across the fields. At the end of the nineteenth century, the steam engine came to the aid of horses.

The story in brief is this. Robert Fitzroy, an aristocrat, naval officer, graduate of the Royal Naval College in Portsmouth in October 1828 was appointed captain of the famous Beagle, a survey bark that took part in four hydrographic expeditions. Charles Darwin himself took part in the third expedition - the research done during this voyage formed the basis for many scientific works of the great scientist.

Fitzroy was not a scientist - he was primarily a sailor, and at the time of taking office he was very young, he was only 23 years old. At the same time, he showed himself to be a brilliant captain and a very proactive person - in fact, the invitation on board of the naturalist Darwin happened precisely with the light hand of Fitzroy (this was a round-the-world expedition of 1831-1836).

Having a keen interest in natural phenomena, Fitzroy, upon joining the Beagle, set out to build an instrument that would predict changes in sea weather - compact enough to work on a ship. And he built it.

Fitzroy's Stormglass is a hermetically sealed glass flask containing a mixture of various chemical components: distilled water (33 ml), ethanol (40 ml), potassium nitrate (2.5 g), ammonium chloride (2.5 g) and camphor ( 10 g). According to Fitzroy's observations, this mixture turned out to be extremely sensitive to changes in temperature, humidity, and pressure. He described his observations of the contents of the vessel in one of his subsequent works (later Fitzroy became the head of the Department of Meteorology and in 1862 published the famous “Book of Weather”).

According to Fitzroy's observations, the behavior of the mixture looked as follows: - it was clean, transparent and liquid in bright, sunny, calm weather; - it became cloudy if the weather was cloudy; - separate points of cloudiness formed in it if there was fog overboard; - the liquid was cloudy and had individual freezing points before a thunderstorm; - if the freezing points were in a clear liquid, this foreshadowed snow; - large crystalline flakes - for snowfall; - needle crystals foreshadowed frost; - muddy threads at the bottom promised a windy day.

Neither Fitzroy nor his error have yet been proven. Some characteristics of stormglass are confirmed by modern research, others are not. Stormglass has long been no longer needed, since we have learned to predict the weather with more accurate devices, and this unusual device has finally become a historical artifact. Regardless of what specific weather conditions the composition of the Fitzroy mixture reacts to, it looks very beautiful from the outside.

In fact, we just saw stormglass on sale at Hammacher Schlemmer and thought it was worth telling about it. Maybe you'd like to have something like this. She's beautiful.

GS material

List of releases and tasks of the game “Field of Miracles” from 2007. The winning player in the top three is highlighted in bold. The winner of the game has his final score listed. A total of 52 issues were published.

Issue 1 (847), January 5, 2007

Participants:

Natalya Golub (Grodno), Rafail Madgazin (Nukus), Lyudmila Tutova (Udelnaya village); Irina Veliko (Comrat), Vladislav Arkhangelsky (Zaoksky village), Tamila Saparova (Kaluga); Sergey Ustinkin (Penza)(5,250 points), Elena Buraya (village Zinkovichi), Sergey Samsonts-Astafiev (Saratov);

• According to some version, the word “Kutia” comes from the ancient Russian word “Kut”, which means exactly This. (8 letters)

Answer: Treat

• The main tradition of Christmastide was and remains Kutya. During the holiday, they celebrated porridge-kutya three times, the first time - at the beginning, on Christmas Eve, then on Vasily there was a generous kutya, and at the end, before baptism, there was a hungry kutya. What was the name of the Christmas kutia? (7 letters)

Answer: Great

• On the second day of Christmas, December 26 (old style) or January 8 (new style), in some places, as on Christmas Eve and New Year, kutya was prepared. What was it called? This holiday is dedicated to this: “In ancient times, it was the custom to visit the house, to serve attentively, in which a newborn was born. Unlike the Christmas, Lenten kutia, this kutia was rich. The Orthodox Church was on this day, and celebrates the Council of the Most Holy Theotokos, the holiday is dedicated to the glorification of the Mother of God and the joy of the one who gave birth. But most importantly, on this day we were supposed to visit the houses where the newborn was born.” (5 letters)

Answer: Babya

• Since ancient times, what was the popular name for kutia, Christmas porridge made from whole grains of barley, topped with honey or honey syrup? (5 letters)

Answer: Eve

The player refused the super game.

Issue 2 (848), January 12, 2007

Participants:

Elena Bukharina (St. Petersburg), Vasily Zima (Ulyanovsk region), Igor Donets (Orenburg region); Marina Cheburova (Stavropol Territory), Marat Dolgov (Naberezhnye Chelny), Denis Mikheev (Pskov); Irina Semyonova (Chuvash Republic), Irina Sharapova (Moscow)(3,007 points), Andrey Agibalov (Irkutsk region);

• On January 12, 1769, by decree of Catherine II, banknotes - paper money - were issued for the first time. What served as the raw material for making the first banknote? (8 letters)

Answer: Tablecloth

• According to popular belief, on January 12, people were born on Anisya: this professions. What are we talking about? (7 letters)

Answer: Hunter

• January 12, 49 BC e. Gaius Julius Caesar gathered the soldiers of the 13th Legion, gave a speech to it and completed the famous crossing of the river. What river did he cross? (7 letters)

Answer: Rubicon

• January 12, 1834 became a significant day in Russia. Emperor Nicholas I, by decree, approved “God Save the Tsar!” as the national anthem of Russia. Who was the author of the words of the new anthem? (9 letters)

Answer: Zhukovsky

• Which Russian prince on this day, January 12, 1108, married the daughter of the Polovtsian Khan Aiepa? The marriage was political, the peace did not last long, but already in 1109 wars with the Polovtsians began. The prince's surname is famous. (10 letters)

Answer: Dolgoruky

• What was the name of the evening on New Year's Eve in the 19th century, that is, January 12? (6 letters)

Answer: Generous

• On January 12, 1769, by decree of Catherine II, Russia began to issue paper money in “Katkas”, Catherine herself was depicted on them, there were also “Petkas”, on which Peter I was depicted. What, besides “Katkas”, was this money called? The word exists to this day and has received a new birth in Russia. It's funny, a little sad, but funny. (5 letters)

Answer: Grandmas

The participant guessed all three words and won a car.

Issue 3 (849), January 19, 2007

Participants:

Aleva Huseynova (Lenkoran), Oleg Grishechkin (Gomel), Angelina Everskova (Cheboksary)(1,700 points); Nasreddin Akhmadov (Samarkand), Elena Utina (Ushinka village), Valery Shevchenko (Prokopyevsk); Nasir Rzayev (Astara), Natalya Podolyakova (Znob-Trubachevskaya village), Alexander Tulyakov (Moscow);

• What was the name of the legendary character who is credited with inventing the axe, glue and even the drill? Among other things, he was an artificial mechanic, an architect, a sculptor, he invented a prototype of a glider, and he even has the honor of discovering artificial insemination. (5 letters)

Answer: Daedalus

• Leonardo da Vinci owned a great many inventions, it is difficult to even list them. Name one of the tools he invented. (8 letters)

Answer: Screwdriver

• The Russian people have preserved many legends about the origin of household tools. What tool, according to legend, was given to people by the wise King Solomon? Agricultural implements were used as military weapons until the 19th century. (4 letters)

Answer: Scythe

• What necessary tool was introduced in Russia under Peter I and became part of the carpentry trade only in the 19th century? By the way, Chechen folk wisdom says: “Don’t always try for yourself, like a hoe, don’t always try for others, like a hoe, be with people this way and that, like...” What? (4 letters)

Answer: Saw

Issue 4 (850), January 26, 2007

Participants:

Muratbai Temirmuratov (Khajent city), Raisa Zhaglenko (Tbilisi), Artyom Shabakhov (Vologda); Pavel Spotykay (Bobruisk), Ekaterina Baratkovskikh (Zenezeli village), Andrey Petrochenko (Seredina-Buda); Larisa Dmitrienko (Voronezh state farm)(2,250 points), Akhmadzhan Mansurov (Agalyk village), Valentina Golovina (Maloyaroslavets);

• Which bird is considered holy by Muslims because, according to legend, it once carried water for washing in its beak for Magomed? The ancient Romans believed that the souls of the dead left the body and turned into these birds. It is from here that all repositories and urns with ashes are called precisely by the name of this bird, and not in any other way. What bird are we talking about? (6 letters)

Answer: Pigeon

• Which bird, according to legend, was punished by the Mother of God for the fact that with her cry she betrayed the Mother of God and the baby Jesus to the pursuer, and also for the fact that she built her nest for the Annunciation? According to the ideas of the ancient Slavs, the goddess of life Zhiva turned into this bird. (7 letters)

Answer: Cuckoo

• Which bird was punished for, according to legend, betraying Jesus Christ, bringing nails when he was crucified, and angrily shouting: “Alive! Alive!”, rejoicing when he was dying? This bird, according to popular belief, cannot be seen on Semyon Day, September 14th. What bird are we talking about? (7 letters)

Answer: Sparrow

• Which bird, according to an old Russian legend, does not fly to Moscow because Saint Alexy, then Metropolitan of Moscow, cursed them after he once noticed witches under their guise? According to popular beliefs, the eagle is considered to be cursed by the bird god, and it is said that when God created the world, He ordered the eagle to cleanse and dig up a spring. Who lied to God that the eagle was shirking work? Belarusians believe that the bird will one day become white, but only when women stop giving birth. (6 letters)

Answer: Magpie

The participant refused the super game.

Issue 5 (851), February 2, 2007

Participants:

Anna Rasmyslova (Kupavna), Vladimir Sapytsky (village Malech)(2,750 points), Alisa Yakimova (Kamyshov); Andrey Segitov (Grigoropolisskaya village), Lyubov Grebenyukova (Dmitrievka village), Vitaly Yashenko (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk); Olga Kulikova (Perm), Rahim Shmalts (Sumgait), Tatyana Kosnikovskaya (Glubokoe);

• What were the Ural Mountains called in the old days? (6 letters)

Answer: Stone

• Since ancient times, what was a hillock or hill called in the Urals? (7 letters)

Answer: Loaf

• What is the name of a cliff on a river in the Urals that is dangerous for ships? The danger is created by a stream of water that hits directly into the rock, which usually happens at sharp turns of the river. (4 letters)

Answer: Fighter

• In the 11th century, Russians called the Urals a stone; in the mid-16th century - early 17th century, the Bashkir name Ural, which comes from the Turkic “Aral,” came into use. What does it mean? (6 letters)

Answer: Island

• What is the city center in Miass and in many other Ural cities? This happened historically for very specific reasons. The fact is that the Ural cities were numbered around factories, so This was the center of the plant, the driving force and energy, the head was placed there, this is the name in the Urals for a coin with the image of a human head, thereby confirming that this is the center. If this disappeared, the plant stopped for a long time. (7 letters)

Answer: Dam

• What was the name of the Ural Mountains in Rus' from the 11th century? (4 letters)

Answer: Belt

• What was the deep place in the river called in the Ural dialects? (3 letters)

Answer: Eye

The player did not guess the horizontal and two vertical words.

Issue 6 (852), February 9, 2007

Participants:

Mikhail Nagibin (san. Zagorskie Dali)(2,650 points), Nadezhda Yakovleva (Kushva), Igor Babkov (Vologda); Alexander Kupryushkina (Pskov), Grigory Dovgal (Nezhin), Arzu Babaeva (Gomel); Lyubov Doroshina (Bezenchuk), Ekaterina Zhuravleva (Pyatigorsk), Bechimkuly Dzhumbaev (Kyrgyou village);

• In the book “The Summer of the Lord,” the wonderful writer Ivan Shmelev wrote: “Maslenitsa is in ruins. Such sun that warmed up the puddles. Guys with cheerful bands are walking, barrel organs are buzzing. Factory workers, piling up, riding in cabs with harmony.” Then he describes games with the boys: hands back, trying to snatch each other’s hands with their teeth, not to drop them, having fun fighting with their muzzles. What's in boys' teeth? (4 letters)

Answer: Crap

• To whom, according to one version that exists, was the first pancake baked on Maslenitsa dedicated? In “The first pancake is lumpy,” the emphasis was incorrectly rearranged, because of this the meaning was distorted; in general, the correct saying is “The first pancake is lumpy,” from which we can conclude to whom this pancake was dedicated. (9 letters)

Answer: Ursa

• Cooks prepared the dough for pancakes on Maslenitsa with special rituals. What, for example, was the dough for pancakes made from? In the yard, when the month came out, they said: “You are a month, a month, your golden horns, look, cat, blow on the dough.” It was believed that due to the fact that the dough was made from this, the pancakes will be whiter and looser. (4 letters)

Answer: Snow

• All the days of Holy Week have their own names: Monday - “meeting”, Tuesday - “flirts”, Wednesday - “gourmet”, Thursday - “revelry”, Friday - “mother-in-law’s party” or “mother-in-law’s pancakes”, Saturday - “Sister-in-law’s get-togethers” , Sunday - “forgiveness day”, farewell to Maslenitsa. What was another name for Thursday? It was on this day that a kind of transition took place from the narrow Maslenitsa to the wide one. (7 letters)

Answer: Fracture

The player refused the super game.

Issue 7 (853), February 16, 2007

Participants:

Vladislav Yaroshenko (Tambov), Irina Chebanenko (Tiraspol), Avas Imomov (Samarkand); Olga Pupysheva (Ryazan), Evgeniy Dvornikov (Belye Vody village)(2,050 points), Natalya Rudenko (Astara); Larisa Tarasenko (farm Bogurayev), Aram Minasyan (Yerevan), Lyubov Rodionova (Omsk);

• What plant is it said that Noah planted, watering it first with the blood of a bird, then with the blood of a lion, and then with the blood of a pig? (8 letters)

Answer: Grape

• What was and is considered a symbol of a pig in China and Egypt? (7 letters)

Answer: Happiness

• What was the symbol of a pig in Ancient Rome? (7 letters)

Answer: Wedding

• Which saint in Rus' was considered the patron saint of domestic pigs and pig farming? That is why on December 31 (old style), on New Year's Eve, people were supposed to eat pork. (7 letters)

Answer: Basil

• On New Year's Eve, girls and boys performed a definitely strange action: they slaughtered and fried a wild boar, ate it, but cut the tail into small circles. For what? (7 letters)

Answer: Divination

• The ancient Celts believed that this was a place where there was a lot of roast pork. (3 letters)

Answer: Paradise

• One Russian peasant was asked what he should eat. Having become king, he said: “Salo with...”. With what? (4 letters)

Answer: Salo

The player guessed all three words and won the car.

Issue 8 (854), February 22, 2007

Participants:

Dmitry Strochilov (Rostov-on-Don), Ksenia Illiadova-Valeri (Dnepropetrovsk), Pavel Nemarov (Angarsk)(1,000 points); Tatiana Gorlova (Parusnoe village), Oleg Zudin (Lobnya), Lyudmila Lyalina (Oktyabrsky village); Vyacheslav Dzhailganov (Enotaevka village), Tatyana Ivanova (Razvilka village), Samandar Kabilov (Samarkand);

• As you know, the military oath in Rus' has been called an oath since ancient times. Slavic warriors took an oath before the battle: to stand to the death for their father. In difficult moments, Alexander Nevsky encouraged the soldiers with his words: “Brothers, God is not in strength, but strength is in truth.” What does the Turkic word “Cossack” mean, a symbol of courage, luck and military valor? (6 letters)

Answer: Daredevil

• What were the border troops called in the 13th century? During the Battle of the Neva, they provided invaluable assistance by detecting the enemy and promptly informing Alexander, the future Nevsky, about his appearance. (7 letters)

Answer: Watchmen

• In the XIV-XV centuries. in Rus', methods of combat began to develop. The battle formation began to be divided along the fronts and in depth, which increased the maneuverability and combat strength of the troops; a regimental row appeared, a battle formation consisting of three parts: the two lateral ones were called “Wings”. What was the name of the central part? (4 letters)

Answer: Chelo

• Once upon a time, many years ago, the Austrians, in admiration for the military art and courage of the great commander Suvorov, gave him a rather strange name for those times, they called him General... Who? (6 letters)

Answer: Forward

• What saint appeared in a dream to Kuzma Minin and ordered him to awaken the dead, gather a militia and drive out the enemy of the Russian land? When in October 1611 the senior people in the city with the clergy gathered for council, Minin told them: “Here He came to me in a dream to awaken the dead,” this is written by Solovyov. It was he who, in 1380, on the eve of the battle on the Kulikovo field in the Trinity Monastery, blessed the Moscow Prince Dmitry for the battle with the troops of the Golden Horde commander Mamai, his name was the abbot of the Russian land, it was he who predicted Dmitry's victory and slept with him two warriors, namely Alexander Peresvet and Rodion Oslyabya. (6 letters)

Answer: Sergius

• What exactly did the ancient Slavs consider the greatest shame for themselves? (4 letters)

Answer: Captivity

• At the end of the 8th century, the military forces of the ancient Slavs consisted of princely squads and people's militia. The militias were divided into clans, hundreds and tribes (regiments). What was the name of the tribal union? (6 letters)

Answer: Army

Issue 9 (855), March 2, 2007

Participants:

Victor Tishaninov (Voronezh), Lilya Alibhanova (Serpukhov), Beisynbay Nurylbaev (Almaty); Inna Saturday (Dnepropetrovsk), Mukhamed Azizov (Yarkatay village)(4,000 points), Natalya Soprykina (Moscow); , Gulmarzhan Adukova (Makhachkala), Pyotr Romanov (Yaromor village);

• What is the predecessor of the iron? (9 letters)

Answer: Pan

• In the 19th century, this device was described as follows: an impressively sized barrel, the inner surface and bottom are ribbed, on top there is a massive lid, on the bottom there is a tap, inside the tank there is a cross with blades that rotates with the help of a lever, which is a long stick as tall as a person, tilted in one direction, then in the other direction. What is this device for? (6 letters)

Answer: Wash

• What does the word “calcupus” mean in Latin, from which the word “calculator” comes? (7 letters)

Answer: pebble

• In ancient Egypt, porous clay pots with water were placed in drafty houses; is this a prototype of what? (11 letters)

Answer: Air conditioner

The player refused the super game.

Issue 10 (856), March 9, 2007

Participants:

Natalya Karol, Elena Gorbunova, Nina Berezina; Anastasia Ivanova, Tatiana Khlobystova(1,000 points), Albina Temirbaeva; Svetlana Lupanova, Elena Kushnir, Tatyana Filippova;

• Once upon a time in the old days, in Vladimir and other provinces of Russia, what was valued, first of all, was not the beauty of a girl, but what...? (7 letters)

Answer: Completeness

• During the siege of Sevastopol (Russian-Turkish campaign of 1853-1856), many women brought water to the bastion, carried out the wounded, and carried ammunition in their hands. For these exploits, many of them were presented by Admiral Nakhimov himself with a special silver medal and awarded it, it was written there. For what? (7 letters)

Answer: Zeal

• Only a few of the holy women of Christian history have received the great honor of being Equal-to-the-Apostles, there are only six of them, one of them is Russian. Who? (5 letters)

Answer: Olga

• The Order of St. Catherine was established by the great Peter as a token of gratitude to his wife, the future Empress Catherine I, for donating all her jewelry to the Turkish Visilius for saving the Russian army during the Prussian campaign of 1711. In the division of this order, the main word is a word that is not found anywhere else in more than one order. What is this word? (6 letters)

Answer: Love

• The Russian people have long had a custom of making a special promise “vow”. Women also made a vow, as a rule, if a child fell ill afterwards. It was called here this veil. This meant that in one day it was necessary to wear out a certain amount of flax, spin it, and weave a shroud, that is, a cover for the icon of the saint in the local church. What was the name of this veil? (9 letters)

Answer: Ordinary

• What is the name of the ribbon on the bride's head until she gets engaged? (4 letters)

Answer: Will

• There was such a strange custom: in the villages, girls, in order to bewitch the guy Ivan, went to the bathhouse, took with them this This, steamed and rubbed on the sweaty body this, then they took This, after the bath they went out into the fresh air and tried to feed their loved one with this. If he ate every bit of it, it was believed that he would definitely love it. (6 letters)

Answer: Gingerbread

Issue 11 (857), March 16, 2007

Participants:

Natalya Ivanova (Kazan), Movess Bukachyan (Yerevan), Galina Simonova (Kardailovo village); Nikolay Manin (Russkoe Maskino village), Ekaterina Motailova (Tver), Sergey Cherkov (Proletarsky village); Marina Alekseeva (Zelenograd), Vladimir Boyko (Nikolaev), Nadezhda Dolzhenko (Novobataysk village)(3,500 points);

• Which hero of ancient Greek myths was from Thrace, that is, the territory of present-day Bulgaria? (5 letters)

Answer: Orpheus

• Which ancient Greek god, according to myths, was of Thracian origin? Faction is the territory on which Bulgaria is located. (6 letters)

Answer: Dionysus

• Which saint do the Bulgarians associate with next year's harvest? (7 letters)

Answer: Varvara

• What was the name of the settlement under the Romans, on the site of which the modern third largest city in Bulgaria, Varna, grew? (6 letters)

Answer: Odessa

The participant refused the super game.

Issue 12 (858), March 23, 2007

Participants:

Olesya Fatkullina (Oktyabrsky), Andrey Zhernosek (Ushachi village), Nelly Kostina (Teya village); Shahsazam Izrailova (Samarkand), Anatoly Bondarev (Krasnodon)(1,200 points), Larisa Tsymbalyuk (Pivnichany village); Evgenia Rachkava (Severodonetsk), Alexander Karavalov (Novoe village), Tatyana Fomina (Pushkino);

• Which god in Ancient Greece was considered the patron saint of diplomats? He has a staff with bird wings, which symbolize efficiency and two intertwined knots. (6 letters)

Answer: Hermes

• What was the name of the representative in the peace negotiations in Rus' in the 15th-17th centuries? (8 letters)

Answer: Commissioner

• Being the Prussian ambassador to Russia, in 1859-1862. The famous politician and diplomat Otto von Bismarck learned Russian and was very proud of this. Few European diplomats serving in Russia at that time knew Russian. Bismarck fell in love with the Russian language. The most common word, which he repeated very often and which, flesh to flesh and essence from the essence, the Russian word in the mouths of the Germans, he used very often, he really liked it with the meaning and taste of pronunciation. (5 letters)

Answer: Maybe

• In ancient Greece, what was the name of a special tablet or tablet that was presented by ambassadors to a city official as a “credential”? (6 letters)

Answer: Diploma

The player refused the super game.

Issue 13 (859), March 30, 2007

Participants:

Alena Vasina (Gzhel)(1,300 points), Pyotr Khomulo (Kopeysk), Rozalia Minatasova (Bugulma); Mikhail Vorobyov (village of Sentsovo), Yulia Zakomoldina (Tambov), Tiurshut Akhmetov (Chirchik); Vera Slizh (Konecherkasskoye village), Nikolay Onishchenko (Feodosia), Tatyana Balashova (Vysokoye village) (no winner);

• What does the Latin word "Fons" mean, from which the word "fountain" comes? (8 letters)

Answer: Source

• In Istanbul's Topkapi Palace, fountains were built into the walls of the rooms to protect against something. For what? (13 letters)

Answer: Eavesdropping

• As you know, ancient Rome was famous not only for its fountains, but, most importantly, for carrying water through specially made pipelines. Water flowed through these pipelines into the fountain. Fountains in those days served not only to decorate, but also to supply drinking water to the city; many years later this was also the case in St. Petersburg. What were these pipes made of at that time? (6 letters)

Answer: Lead

• In ancient Greece, in Persia and Mongolia, sometimes, as literary and historical sources say, there were fountains not made of water at all, there were jets of something else; there are no such fountains now. (4 letters)

Answer: Wine

The participant refused the super game.

Issue 14 (860), April 6, 2007

Participants:

Azat Makdzhanov (village Tatarskoye Maklakovo), Galina Makarova (Arkhangelsk)(2,750 points), Ivan Kalamanov (Tvarditsa village); Lydia Demskaya (Simferopol), Alexander Golovan (Ivanteevka), Tamara Abludlahmanova (Toitepa); Ekaterina (Kirov), Anton Lobets (St. Petersburg), Chuplan Gubaidullina (village Baltasi);

• In the villages, accompanied by the ringing of Easter bells, people washed themselves at the springs for health, and girls - to get rid of water. this… What? (8 letters)

Answer: Freckles

• Those who wanted to be cured of what illness stood in Mother Rus' on Easter under the biggest bell? (7 letters)

Answer: Deafness

• Traditionally in Orthodoxy it was considered forbidden to This throw it out on Easter, because Jesus Christ himself and the apostles walk on Earth during Weekend, and this could have gotten in the way. (8 letters)

Answer: Shell

• In one version, the word "Easter" comes from the Greek word "Paschaei". What does it even mean? (8 letters)

Answer: Suffer

• What was Easter called in Rus'? It was believed that when Jesus was resurrected, the sun stood in the sky and did not set for the entire week. (10 letters)

Answer: Magnificent day

• Shortly before Easter, the church celebrates one of the twelve feasts - the Entry of the Lord into Jerusalem. On this day, Jesus rode on a donkey into Jerusalem, where he was greeted by supporters holding palm branches in their hands. What replaced palm branches in Mother Rus' and became a symbol of the holiday? (5 letters)

Answer: Willow

• In many provinces in Rus', they always cooked something on Maundy Thursday, put it on the window or took it out to the porch at night. (6 letters)

Answer: Kissel

The participant guessed two vertical words, but could not guess the horizontal one.

Issue 15 (861), April 13, 2007

Participants:

Yulianna Voskresenskaya (Mariupol), Gennady Dmitriev (Yuryev-Polsky), Olga Ganiman (Kastonai)(3,700 points); Victoria Nikolaeva (Ugledar), Pavel Syarkin (Dmitrov), Galina Vasilets (Lomonosov); Vladimir Savchenko (Engels), Lyubov Busygina (Smetanino village), Alexander Kabak (Serpukhov);

• What were Russian shoemakers called at the beginning of the 19th century? Shoes were made in tiny workshops away from people. (6 letters)

Answer: Top

• What was the name of a shoemaker in ancient times in Old Church Slavonic? (7 letters)

Answer: Insole

• What was another name for a shoemaker in the old days? (8 letters)

Answer: Chebotar

• There is a biblical character who is especially revered by shoemakers, the reason is unknown. (9 letters)

Answer: Magdalene

The participant refused the super game.

Issue 16 (862), April 20, 2007

Participants:

Vladimir Manko (Petrovo village), Svetlana Bartemeva (Aleksin)(2,350 points), Arsatur Khudoyan (Tataev city); Ziajan Khalibaev (Osh city), Nina Marchuk (Corbin), Yadgar Mukhamediev (village of Nizhnie Aty); Valentina Mezhenkova (village Ploskoe-2), Boris Usov (Naro-Fominsk), Stella Gevorkyan (St. Petersburg);

• One day, military ataman Stepan Efremov saw a beautiful young Cossack woman at the bazaar, naturally, he fell in love, he proposed to her, and soon a magnificent wedding took place. There was so much food and drink that the wedding lasted for several weeks. This fact was so amazing that, firstly, it remained in people’s memory, and secondly, it became a proverb. The name of this woman-bride became a proverb that came from the Cossacks. (7 letters)

Answer: Malanya

• What was the name of a long piece of dense material, woven in colored stripes, that served Cossack women as a skirt until the 19th century? (7 letters)

Answer: Spare wheel

• The Cossacks' spoils were usually divided like this: a tenth for the church, a tenth for the Tsar, a tenth for the Cossacks themselves, who gets the rest? (6 letters)

Answer: Orphan

• Once upon a time, for many centuries in a row, the Cossacks considered one word offensive. Why - no reason was found. (5 letters)

Answer: eccentric

The participant refused the super game.

Issue 17 (863), April 28, 2007

Participants:

Natalya Stotsenko (farm. First of May), Pavel Tachilov (Vologda), Larisa Anapriyanko (Kamyshin); Lucia Shamilova (Kazan)(2,550 points), Galzinur Izintaev (Berezniki), Karina Gulvan (Geltsy); Galina Ogurkina (Mednogorsk), Gennady Shevchenko (Anthracite), Nina Strelchenko (Rechitsa);

• Who is described in this way in the fairy tales of the Pomors? “An angry woman, her face is wrinkled, she flashes her teeth, but she is afraid of cloudberries, cranberries and lettuce.” Who are we talking about? (5 letters)

Answer: Scurvy

• Legend says that Nestor built the Church of the Transfiguration in Kizhi, and when he finished the construction, he came ashore and said: “No! There has never been and never will be such a temple!” threw something into the lake, either for good luck, or for happiness, or for some unknown reason. (5 letters)

Answer: Axe

• The Pomors had the following custom: when going on a dangerous hunting hunt, they ordered a prayer service for health in the church, baked it and gave bread with them, and the bread had to be baked specifically this a person, and no other. (4 letters)

Answer: Mother-in-law

• That Russians, especially those living in the North, who lived in the North, specially froze for the winter and, if necessary, planed with a knife, on the basis of this they cooked fish soup in the north of Rus', precisely on the basis this. What is this? What are we talking about? (6 letters)

Answer: Milk

• Mikhail Prishvin described his journey to the North: “Until now, Russian sailors have not taken into account the scientific description of the Arctic Ocean. They have their own sailing directions... the description of the sailing directions by the Pomors is almost a work of art” and further: “While the signs on the shore are visible, the Pomor reads one side of the book, when the signs disappear and a storm is about to break the ship, the Pomor turns the pages and turns to...”. Who does the Pomor address? (7 letters)

Answer: Nikolai

• This distance of 30 versts was precisely this word used to designate it on the White Sea. (4 letters)

Answer: Water

• In the north of Rus', women and wives called their husbands this way: master, husband, man, father, boyar, dad. How else? (3 letters)

Answer: Myself

The participant did not guess the horizontal and two vertical words.

Issue 18 (864), May 4, 2007

Participants:

Zhanna Kopochenya (Yazyl village)(2,850 points), Anvar Anirov (Pavlodar), Rafiya Pulatova (Termez); Oleg Karyukin (Tomta), Elvira Kovaleva (Novoselovka village), Igor Kazhurin (farm Ryabichev); Olga Makeeva (Nizhny Novgorod), Victor Kovalev (Severouralsk), Tatyana Filimonova (Novocherkassk);

• In our country, seals are found only in Baikal and also in the Caspian Sea, and in one lake in the north. In which? This lake in the north was called Nevo until the 13th century, from which the river probably originated. (9 letters)

Answer: Ladoga

• What is the name of a shallow lake with banks overgrown with reeds in Russian dialects? If we speak correctly about that lake, then this lake can be considered carbonated; in winter, so much gas accumulates under the ice that if you make holes in the ice and bring a match, a fire breaks out and local fishermen often warm themselves near such fires on this lake. (7 letters)

Answer: Ilmen

• What is the largest lake in the world? (10 letters)

Answer: Caspian

• What is the name of the world's oldest lake on Earth, it is 25 million years old? This name is translated from Turkic as “rich lake”, its reserves are 20% fresh water, 80% clean water throughout the planet. (6 letters)

Answer: Baikal

The participant refused the super game.

Issue 19 (865), May 11, 2007

Participants:

Lydia Tarasova (Teykovo), Roman Botov (Tambov)(1,700 points), Vera Gorodets (Berdyansk); Vladimir Shvetsov (Ekaterinburg), Akzhol Dzhumalieva (Kant), Anton Belousov (Kyiv); Ganiyar Ishanov (Ucharal), Raisa Masterova (Balabanovo), Alexander Kruglov (Pereslavl-Zalessky);

• The name of which city comes from the name of a type of honey? (6 letters)

Answer: Lipetsk

• What was the name of a mixture of rye flour with honey and berry juice in ancient Rus'? (6 letters)

Answer: Gingerbread

• From whom, according to one of the old Russian legends, did bees originate? The merman threw it here This into the swamp, and when the fishermen pulled out the net, instead of fish there were bees in it and they scattered all over the world. (6 letters)

Answer: Horse

• Among the ancient Slavs, the bee was considered a sacred insect, and honey was sacrificed to the gods and used at weddings and other holidays and even at funeral feasts. What was the bee a symbol of in ancient Rus'? (6 letters)

Answer: Love

• Nowadays honey can be bought everywhere. As is easy to understand, honey can be bought everywhere, in any kiosk, in any stall, in any store, but in the Middle Ages honey was sold here. (6 letters)

Answer: Pharmacy

• According to Domostroi, a honey drink was necessarily made using one known thing, because of this, the diluted honey drink was fermented, then it was poured into barrels, put in the cold, but something like that was added for fermentation to this honey drink. (5 letters)

Answer: Kalach

• Honey was diluted with water, this is what was cooled, and in houses this was served at the end of the meal, at the end of dinner. What kind of drink is this? (4 letters)

Answer: Full

The player guessed the horizontal word, but failed to guess the other two.

Issue 20 (866), May 18, 2007

Participants:

Valentina Zhidkova (Smolensk), Alexander Timokhovich (village Staroselie), Lydia Pavlova (Mikhailovka); Galina Makhmuddinova (Livny)(3,000 points), Boris Koreev (Shuya), Tatyana Murtazina (Elabuga); Tatyana Osipova (Ufa), Vladimir Gladov (Almaty), Svetlana Tapla (Alexanderfeld village);

• Since ancient times, mills have been associated with evil spirits. They believed that a mermaid washed her hair at the mill, devils were sitting on the pillars of the destroyed mill, and a vampire was on the roof. The owner of the water mill was considered to be a waterman. Who was considered the owner of the windmill? The mill was sometimes installed on the ninth grain, believing that exactly the ninth part of the grain brought would be given to it. (5 letters)

Answer: Goblin

• What, according to old beliefs, can be built from the wreckage of old mills? (9 letters)

Answer: Pigsty

• According to legends, it was believed that it was impossible to do without evil spirits at the mill. Who helped turn the wheels of the water mill? (7 letters)

Answer: Mermaid

• There is such a belief not only in the Russian epic: in order for work to proceed at the mill, it is necessary to make some kind of sacrifice to the goblin or waterman, otherwise he will interfere with work. This belief exists in the legends of many peoples of the world, but almost everywhere one thing coincides: This sacrifice is precisely this. (5 letters)

Answer: Vodka

The participant refused the super game.

Issue 21 (867), May 25, 2007

Participants:

Tatyana Isaevicheva (Saransk), Alexander Sobsolev (Kirovsky district), Guzeliya Tyzybdinova (Dolgiy Ostrov village); Natalya Zhuravskaya (Sergiev Posad), Mikhail Konevsky (Dubrovino village), Dina Obukhova (Ekaterinburg); Natalya Ostashkina (Orenburg), Daria Konovalova (Tver), Lydia Klevakina (Kurgan);

• What crime among the Aztecs was punishable by death? (8 letters)

Answer: Drunkenness

• What was the undeniable sign of beauty among Mayan women? (10 letters)

Answer: Strabismus

• When preparing a drink from cocoa, the Aztecs ground the beans and added This. This thing was called "chocolatl", which is where chocolate comes from. In general, they believed that cocoa was something like soup and treated it that way, moreover, they used this thing as a weapon during the Spanish invasion, they burned it, and when burning it this poisonous gas was formed. At the same time, using the control of the wind, the thing acted as the first gas attack in the history of mankind, and the Spaniards were afraid of this terrible... What is this? (5 letters)

Answer: Pepper

• The Maya tribe have been known since ancient times as astronomers and great mathematicians. What concept did the Mayans introduce into our lives, without which many things would not have happened at all? (4 letters)

Answer: Zero

All three finalists dropped out and the winner was undecided.

Issue 22 (868), June 1, 2007

Participants:

Marcel Abgabyrov (Ufa), Zukhra Smirnova (Pereyaslavl-Zalessky), Semyon Berdnikov (St. Petersburg)(3,800 points); Alexander Rostovtsev (Voronezh), Anna Fedotova (Kaliningrad), Vladimir Ryazhin (Samara); Angelina Pustovalova (Rostov-on-Don), Timur Gubaidulin (Kazan), Natalya Buruntsova;

• What toy was invented by Russian artist Sergei Malyutin and turner Vasily Zvezdochkin? (8 letters)

Answer: Matryoshka

• What gift did the future Tsar Peter I receive on his first birthday? (6 letters)

Answer: Swing

• What toy was invented in 1897 by a boy from London, his name was Walter Lins? In history, it is believed that this is the youngest inventor in the world, he was 15 years old, no one registered this toy as an invention, because the boy’s father thought that this was complete stupidity, this was not a toy, but a pampering that no one needed. The toy has survived to our age. (7 letters)

Answer: Scooter

• What was the name of the most popular toy at Russian fairs? (8 letters)

Answer: Parsley

• What is the oldest toy known? This toy was made like this: it was made of clay (these are animal figures), and pebbles were placed inside. (10 letters)

Answer: Beanbag

The player guessed the word and won a super prize: a certificate for the winner of the “Field of Miracles” capital show for a free trip to the Port Aventura amusement park (Spain).

Issue 23 (869), June 9, 2007

Participants:

Vladimir Meshchuk (Rostov-on-Don), Galina Kalinicheva (Samara), Elena Volkova (Nizhny Tagil); Ekaterina Shchetnikova (Balakhna), Denis Litsaenko (Moscow)(4,900 points), Elena Musina (Tyumen); Evgeny Vagitov (St. Petersburg), Gulnara Abludaeva (Kazan), Vitaly Druzhinin (Yaroslavl);

• There was a certain thing that was sold at all fairs in Rus' by weight, and it was sold for 15 rubles per pound. What kind of item is this? What is it about? (7 letters)

Answer: Samovar

• What was the name of the pier itself in the old days in Rus'? (4 letters)

Answer: Brawler

• The Merchant Manifesto, issued on January 1, 1807, provided merchants with a week to a month's notice of exemption from duty due to illness. What disease are we talking about? (5 letters)

Answer: Binge drinking

• In the XIV-XV centuries in Rus', not only in any particular city, but in any settlement, at a fair, in front of any merchant there was a vessel with honey vinegar. There was quite a lot of epidemic. What did they send there before making the purchase? (6 letters)

Answer: Money

• What were the merchants called in ancient times in Rus' who gathered together, setting off in a joint caravan, jointly overcame difficulties along the way, and jointly defended their goods from robbers? (7 letters)

Answer: Comrade

The player guessed the word and won a super prize from the X5 Retail Group company: a car.

Issue 24 (870), June 15, 2007

Participants:

Victor Moladzhdan (Soroca), Svetlana Laristova (Kachubeevo village), Victor (Alga); Aituri Masim (Palestine)(3,600 points), Rakhimkhon Rakhmatova (Andijan), Vyacheslav Belyaykin (Saransk); Galina Dymchenko (Nikolaevka village), Sambat Yegayan (Echmidzin), Svetlana Gorokhova (Tolyatti);

• In Dahl's dictionary there are several words whose meaning he could not explain, and he was so unable to explain that instead of his own explanation, he drew pictures. We found two such words in Dahl’s dictionary, one of them is here This. What is this word that even Vladimir Ivanovich Dal could not describe in his dictionary, no more and no less? (5 letters)

Answer: Hat

• Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl did not have two explanations in the first edition, and another one also had a drawing attached. What a word? (8 letters)

Answer: Beef

• There is one word that appeared in many dictionaries around the world, and appeared in the Russian dictionary in 1821, but in many dictionaries it was recorded that this word is outdated. The main thing is that this word is in Ushakov’s dictionary, it has a slightly different spelling, but nevertheless, this particular word appeared for the first time in Ushakov’s dictionary. The word today is very well known, a little slang, and still no one really guesses where this word came from. Meanwhile, it exists now and has a completely different meaning. What is this word? (4 letters)

Answer: Bliss

• Who uttered these words: “I apologize to you that my poor style would already be full of much less foreign words, although I looked into the academic dictionary in old times”? (6 letters)

Answer: Pushkin

The player refused the super game.

Issue 25 (871), June 22, 2007

Participants:

Poshenbey Aridotov (Dushanbe), Raisa Gromova (Surgut), Eldam Abdulvariev (Mamadysh)(3,050 points); Mubumba Raisa (Gabon), Izatulla Khabizov (Kibray district), Kira Yashkina (Balakovo); Elizaveta Pivneva (Irkutsk), Marat Gainutdinov (Nizhny Novgorod), Tatiana Romanova (Engels);

• What, as the village healers advised, should you take in your teeth to make your headache go away? (6 letters)

Answer: Sieve

• In the Nizhny Novgorod province, in this place in Rus', on Peter's Day, June 29 (old style) / July 12 (new style), the mother-in-law gave her son-in-law along with cheese, two spoons, a rake and a scythe. What else? (7 letters)

Answer: Salt shaker

• In ancient times, guilty peasants in Rus' were sent to hunt for which animals in the winter? (4 letters)

Answer: Cancers

• What did people from ancient times call white ladies, naked ladies sparrow, gander, wonder, wild boar, bream, doll, zuleika, monk, etc.? What are we talking about? (7 letters)

Answer: Bottle

The player refused the super game.

Issue 26 (872), June 29, 2007

Participants:

Maria Dolopchi (village of Kotloviny), Aduila Serge-Pocat (city of Cotonou), Ekaterina Gavrilova (Lesosibirsk); Andrey Zaitsev (Dmitrov), Valentina Vasilenko (Belsk), Ibrahim Abdullaev (Kovrov); Nina Storozhenko (Ostashkov), Shakhof Sharipov (Samarkand), Anna Salnikova (Plavsk)(2,850 points);

• Which composer's music do doctors recommend pregnant women listen to? This music calms the baby in the womb, makes childbirth easier, and promotes the baby’s mental development in the future. (8 letters)

Answer: Vivaldi

• Previously, this thing was sold in pharmacies, they say it greatly helped with headaches and heart palpitations: you had to take a few drops, even pharmacists prescribed it. The composer Wagner consumed about a liter per month as a sedative. this from the thing itself. (8 letters)

Answer: Cologne

• Leonardo da Vinci wrote the following about one of our organs: “No organ needs such a large number of muscles as this one. Of all the members that move by voluntary motion, it surpasses the rest in the number of movements.” What did he say that about? What kind of organ? (4 letters)

Answer: Language

• What is the name of the drink that Russian folk medicine recommended as a general tonic that improves digestion and improves tone? (6 letters)

Answer: Brine

The participant refused the super game.

Issue 27 (873), July 6, 2007

Participants:

Ali Albereda (Yemen), Lyudmila Lukicheva (Pushkino), Alexander Teterin (Aprelevka); Zuret Batyrbieva (Khatanzhu village)(2,600 points), Rokhmanoli Suleymanov (Kyzyl-Kiya), Evgenia Bolshakova (Obninsk); Alexander Burimsky (Krasny Chikoy village), Natalya Egorova (Beryozovka village), Yuri Yashchenko (Tiraspol);

• On what saint's day did the whole village go out to place markers along the roads to make it easier for travelers to find the road in a blizzard and snowfall? In addition, it was believed that it was from this day that a good sleigh path was established. This day is December 5 (new style). They said: “I came this- he dug up a snowdrift, stepped in the snow, and dug a road.” What kind of saint is this? (6 letters)

Answer: Prokop

• In ancient times, special kinds of pillars were placed at intersections and forks of roads. They met near them, and then the final partings took place with those leaving for a long journey. What were these pillars called? The name of each such pillar comes from the name of the same saint whom travelers so often mentioned. (7 letters)

Answer: Friday

• As you know, Nikolai Ugodnik is considered the patron saint of travelers. This is from the time of the baptism of Rus'. And before the baptism of Rus', who was the patron saint of travelers? (5 letters)

Answer: Perun

• What was the name of the non-combatant soldier who opened the barrier for travelers who paid the toll at the outpost when leaving the city? By the way, Pushkin has one such line in his poem “In Road Complaints”: “Or else a barrier will hit my forehead. Unagile..." Who are we talking about? (7 letters)

Answer: Disabled person

• The path of pilgrims in any faith is long and difficult, the path is long, walking in the heat, in the cold and in the heat, the path is difficult. Special inns for pilgrims were created at the monasteries. They had a very precise name. This word in its original translation means hospitality. This inn at the monastery for pilgrims was called something special. (9 letters)

Answer: Hospital

• This is a kind of animal that, if it crosses the road, it is good luck. (4 letters)

Answer: Wolf

• This animal, if it crosses the road, it is bad luck. (5 letters)

Answer: Squirrel

The participant guessed all three words and won a car.

Issue 28 (874), July 13, 2007

Participants:

Tatyana Markeeva (Almaty), Igor Dolgikh (Voronezh), Natalya Safonova (Kurkino village); Vasily Manuilov (city of Gornyak), Tatyana Domracheva (Novy Tarial village), Asan Tanaev (Osh); Olga Krinovskaya (Schuchin)(4,200 points), Yuri Lebedikin (Kursovka village), Elmira Kaladbieva (Taganrog);

• In ancient times, something very small was compared to the grain of which plant, used as a seasoning? Saint Luke, chapter 17, verse 6, is this: “If you have even a grain like this...”, said the Lord. What kind of grain? What are we talking about? (7 letters)

Answer: Mustard

• A spice that has been known since ancient times, with which manna from heaven is compared in the Bible. Specifically it says: “like a seed this, only white." Second Book of Moses, verse 16, line 31. What spice do the French sometimes call Arabian parsley? The name of this plant, used as a spice, comes from the name of the Greek word meaning "bug", because when it grows, it smells roughly like a forest bug, when it ripens, this smell disappears and, on the contrary, turns into a pleasant, spicy smell . What is it about? (8 letters)

Answer: Coriander

• What spicy herb is otherwise called “Bogorodskaya” herb, and the ancient Greeks, when they wanted to say that a person was elegant and good-looking, said: “You smell like...”? (6 letters)

Answer: Thyme

• The name of which flour product in translation means cumin, is it translated from Turkic? (7 letters)

Answer: Loaf

The participant refused the super game.

Issue 29 (875), July 20, 2007

Participants:

Maria Balasanyan (St. Kirpilskaya), Sergey Palkin (Kronstadt), Larisa Manzhula (Balashov); Jafar Akhmedov (Kentau), Liliya Artyukhina (Ishimbay), Valery Panferov (Saratov); Valentin Bardyuzha (village of Sidorovo), Raisa Kopylenko (village of Dovolnoe), Alexey Bogdashkin (Serpukhov)(1,850 points);

• What word is considered very offensive to an Icelander? To use this word in relation to a person in Iceland is to call him a rude, lazy, uncouth lout. (10 letters)

Answer: Peasant

• As it turned out, calling an Icelander a peasant means literally insulting him, even insulting him. There is something else that is considered a complete insult, a lifelong insult. If you compare an Icelander with someone else, you can cause him a grave insult that he will never forget in his life. (6 letters)

Answer: Cod

• Icelanders say: it is better to leave the house barefoot than without this. (5 letters)

Answer: Book

• Iceland is famous as a country of hot springs. These sources are still used both in everyday life and in industry. Primitive people in Iceland in ancient times used hot springs for something very necessary, very important. For what? Like what? What were these sources used for? (7 letters)

Answer: Bakery

The player refused the super game.

Issue 30 (876), July 27, 2007

Participants:

Vyacheslav Chikalin (village of Lesnye Polyany), Oksana Pevrukhina (St. Petersburg), Ruslan Adzhiumerov (Kirovsk)(1,950 points); Ainur Mirazov (Uchaly), Galina Kotova (Komsomolsk), Bakhtior Karimov (Samarkand); Ashot Popikyan (Sochi), Olga Bratskevich (Peno village), Sergey Tarasov (Teykovo);

• The image of which organ served as a symbol of God the Father before they began to depict it in human form? This organ was placed in a triangle, which symbolized the trinity of the “Supreme Power over us all.” (4 letters)

Answer: Eye

• What was the word “Elms” called in the old days in Rus'? (3 letters)

Answer: Neck

• What in the old days in Rus' in some regions was called buttocks? (4 letters)

Answer: Cheeks

• A rudiment is something that was unnecessary in the process of human evolution, for example, the coccyx (former tail), the appendix, some muscles, thanks to which some people can move their ears, wisdom teeth and all sorts of other things. What phenomenon (one of) did a person inherit due to the fact that our ancestors were once covered with wool? (7 letters)

Answer: Goosebumps

The player refused the super game.

Issue 31 (877), August 3, 2007

Participants:

Alexander Oganesyan (Yerevan), Olga Gorbunova (village Pyatnitskoye), Oleg Suslopanov (village Bogdanovo); Elena Kuchirevich (Odessa), Abdullahi Gafarov (Istaravshan)(1,550 points), Galina Golovizna (Mikhailovka village); Svetlana Vinokurova (Svatai village), Viktor Yakovenko (farm Degtyarevsky), Galina Kim (Almaty);

• The Russian word “cockroach” comes from the Turkic word “karakhan”, which means “Black...”. Who? (7 letters)

Answer: Lord

• What insect, according to popular belief, should not be offended, otherwise major troubles are expected? There is a second definition of this insect. It is known that converting temperatures from Celsius to Fahrenheit is quite difficult. What insect can do this in literally 15 seconds without complex mathematical calculations? If you count the number of sounds an insect makes in 15 seconds and add 40, you will get the current temperature in degrees Fahrenheit. (7 letters)

Answer: Cricket

• What was a happy person called in ancient times in Rus'? In ancient times it was believed that such a person could be called happy. (6 letters)

Answer: Lousy

• According to ancient folk wisdom, you need to eat something in the evening before an invasion of mosquitoes so that they do not bite. (6 letters)

Answer: Garlic

• What insect taught King Solomon wisdom? Which insect, according to scientists, was one of the first living creatures to take to the air and begin to fly? What insect was considered a symbol of war among the Japanese? In this country, that is, in Japan, even a reserve has been created for these insects. (8 letters)

Answer: Dragonfly

• An insect whose poison is 30 times stronger than that of the karakurt. (5 letters)

Answer: Bumblebee

• What insect, according to legend, was created by the devil when God created foxes, owls and sables? (4 letters)

Answer: Mole

Issue 32 (878), August 10, 2007

Participants:

Gulbarchin Zulpikarova (Osh), Victor Agapin (Lipcan), Lyudmila Saenko (Voronezh); Dmitry Zhadanov (Smolensk), Margarita Goskudinova (Borbovka village), Bezhan Khamidov (Chkalovsk); Amirzyan Valiev (Staroselie village), Yana Kirichenko (Krivoy Rog), Konstantin Potanov (Sergiev Posad)(3,650 points);

• What stationery item was called a blot paper at the end of the 19th century? This was recorded by the academic dictionary in 1910; this essential stationery was invented completely by accident; they simply forgot to add glue to the paper pulp. (10 letters)

Answer: Blotter

• In the Middle Ages in Persia they wrote that in 1594 Mother Rus' sold 30 pounds to Persia this specifically so that they could write in Persia. Many years passed; during the Great Patriotic War, the partisans, in some cases, were the first to write about this in their reports. (7 letters)

Answer: Veresta

• After the war, schools had black ink, purple ink, which was quite difficult to get. But in some especially important cases, to make what was written shine, something was added in ink, although the time was difficult, post-war. What was added to the ink? (5 letters)

Answer: Sugar

• The most ancient writing instrument on Earth. (7 letters)

Answer: Compass

The player refused the super game.

Issue 33 (879), August 17, 2007

Participants:

Olga Tolmacheva (Pinsk), Alexander Kupryushkin (Michurinsk)(3,550 points), Valentina Myachina (Dankov); Zaina Karimova (Grozny), Rami Bargukh (Bethlehem), Yulia Popova (Elabuga); Gadzhi Izmailov (Makhachkala), Olga Shokhova (Saransk), Anton Loginov (Yaroslavl);

Issue 34 (880), August 24, 2007

Participants:

Lyudmila Polshina (Ramensky district), Kamil ogly-Asmailov (Agdash city), Gulnara Nigmatulina (Vasilievka village)(6,700 points); Tumilo Muenga (Livingston), Alexander Seleznev (Prokopyevsk), Lyubov Nimezhan (Lovozero village); Maria Motina (Chkalovsk), Maria Orlova (Zheleznodorozhny), Natalya Kondratyeva (Ulyanovsk);

• In the old days, on November 26, all summer work ended, everything was already collected and folded, and it was on this day that payments were made to the workers. November 26 - this day of which saint, on this day, was the settlement made with all the hired workers who worked in the field throughout the entire period from spring to late autumn to get a good harvest? (6 letters)

Answer: Egory

• On July 21, the harvest traditionally begins in Rus'. As people working on the land used to say in the old days, it is on this saint’s day that the harvest should begin. (8 letters)

Answer: Procopius

• On July 6, in Mother Rus' it was recommended to plant the second most important crop, after potatoes, turnips. July 6 - on this day which saint in Mother Rus' was recommended to plant turnips? (8 letters)

Answer: Agrafena

• From the beginning of the 14th century to the beginning of the 19th century, what was the name of the peasant who gave half of the harvest to his owner? (8 letters)

Answer: Ladle

• August 2 is the day of Elijah the Prophet, according to Russian folk superstitions, no one worked under any circumstances, the day of Elijah the Prophet was considered a day off. People of only one profession had the right to work, and then only partially. What profession are we talking about? (8 letters)

Answer: Beekeeper

• By which saint's day did the spring and summer fishing season end? (4 letters)

Answer: Peter

• On June 5, on Leonty Borage, the last cucumbers are planted. What should have been put into the grains prepared for sowing? (4 letters)

Answer: Egg

The participant guessed the horizontal and the first vertical word, but did not guess the second vertical word.

Issue 35 (881), August 31, 2007

Participants:

Vera Parchevskaya (Berdichev), Talgat Ayubaev (Astana), Irina Ershova (Pervomaisky village); Nafa Chich (Krasnodar), Alexander Katashov (Rodniki), Valentina Kolesnichenko (Kamyshin); Nina Glotova (village Yolnat)(3,350 points), Nikolay Novoseltsev (Oktyabrsky village), Evgenia Novikova (Vorotynsk);

• According to Gilyarovsky, in one of the best Moscow taverns they served a lunch that had a very strange name, it was called “Lunch in the camp of Ermak Timofeevich.” There were two appetizer dishes and here we are This. What is it about? (8 letters)

Answer: Dumplings

• In the old days, at the court of the Moscow kings, there was a courtyard responsible for the production and storage of wine, honey and honey infusion. What was this yard called? (6 letters)

Answer: Satisfying

• What was the name of the traders in Moscow from whom you could buy clay pots, boiled and stewed meat trimmings, sausage, potatoes, jelly on the street and have a snack on the go? These same traders wore such huge skirts on purpose, and to keep the food from getting cold, they sat on these pots, like women on a samovar. When it was time to buy something, she stood up, took it out, took it out, gave a piece of bread, a scrap, and sat back down. (7 letters)

Answer: Glutton

• The part of ancient Moscow, located in Streletskaya Sloboda and fenced with logs and wooden fortifications, in which soldiers and bodyguards of Vasily III lived, was specially named. Soldiers and bodyguards of Tsar Father Vasily III also lived there. (9 letters)

Answer: Nalivaika

The participant refused the super game.

Issue 36 (882), September 7, 2007

Participants:

Nina Efremova (Polessky), Oleg Taktanov (Ulan-Ude), Antonina Korneeva (Tuchkovo village); Elena Triputyonok (Minsk), Leonid Yevtushenko (Saldus), Olga Ging (Belebey); Gulsirin Igimamedova (Balkanabad), Vladimir Sychev (Kuznetsk)(3,300 points), Svetlana Rozhdestvenskaya (Kaluga);

• What were the pebbles called in Mother Rus' that were placed on a counting board (abacus) to perform arithmetic operations? The Russian folk saying has remained to this day. (4 letters)

Answer: Beans

• Who introduced a new monetary system in Poland in the 16th century? The treatise that this man provided to King Sigismund I noted four main reasons for the death of the kingdoms of kings and republics: discord, mortality, lack of soil and damage to money. (8 letters)

Answer: Copernicus

• Who was the first to come up with a way to protect money, documents and stamps from counterfeiting? The manager of the state bank himself was asked to come up with something because there were so many counterfeits that it became a threat to the national security of the state. (8 letters)

Answer: Mendeleev

• There is a French word “budget”; in Russian transcription it is pronounced the same way. What it is? (7 letters)

Answer: Wallet

The player refused the super game.

Issue 37 (883), September 14, 2007

Participants:

Marina Udartseva (Astana), Oleg Alisov (Krasnoyarsk), Rimma Popkova (St. Petersburg); Victor Fedorov (Omsk), Dilfuza Dazhibaeva (Monbekovo village), Davyd Eremeenik (Voronezh); Zulaiko Zinnazarova (Nasa village), Valery Kolikov (Bolotnovo village), Elena Konovalova (Mytishchi)(3,300 points);

• The great architect of antiquity, Vitruvius, proclaimed a triad, that is, three unities of architecture: strength, benefit... What else? (7 letters)

Answer: beauty

• The great architect Gaudi believed that the model of perfection in architecture is... (4 letters)

Answer: Egg

• In the chronicle of the architect Aristotle Fioravonti, who built part of the Assumption Cathedral in the Kremlin, there is one phrase: “The master murol, who builds churches and chambers, likewise the gunsmith who crafts lithium and bells and other all the lithium cunning velmi.” What is a master murol? (8 letters)

Answer: Mason

• What were the builders looking for first before building the main tower of the knight's castle? (6 letters)

Answer: Spring

• Who in Rus' (in particular, in Moscow), according to tradition, determined the location of the construction of churches and temples? (8 letters)

Answer: Holy Fool

• This is something that, in the opinion of any villager, should not have been located in the northern part of the house in ancient times in Rus'. (6 letters)

Answer: Swamp

• What part of the hut, according to the old Russian custom, was not roofed during the year so that all sorts of troubles and evil spirits would fly out of there? (4 letters)

Answer: Seni

The participant guessed all three words and won a car.

Issue 38 (884), September 21, 2007

Participants:

Zilya Galeeva (Ufa), Magomed Ali-Magomedov (Butri village), Olga Anzar (Kyzyl); Victor Kuvshinov (Krutovo village), Svetlana Dyukova (Kinel-Cherkassy village), Elturan Gadzhi-Balaev (Belaken); Svetlana Nesterova (Zolotkovo village), Alexey Zustin (Kratovo village)(3,400 points), Natalya Ryabova (Severodvinsk);

• About which puzzle, which appeared in the 70s of the 19th century, Mark Twain wrote: “In the last few weeks a new puzzle has come into fashion from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, the entire population of the United States has stopped working and is doing only this. In connection with it, all business life came to a standstill: judges, lawyers, burglars, traders, working women... - in a word, everyone, from morning to evening, is busy with highly intellectual and complex work.” At the end of the 19th century, a certain wood artist Matthias Reis started a business producing a new puzzle called the “Gem Puzzle”, in English called Gem Puzzle. Under what name did it enter Russian life and exist to this day? (8 letters)

Answer: Tag

• Who owns the words: “Usually people don’t even suspect how many similarities these trifling puzzle games reveal with the big game that we play with nature in order to unravel its laws”? (8 letters)

Answer: Einstein

• The name of which puzzle comes from a French word that means “cart”? In the Middle Ages, this kind of cart on two wheels, then the feudal lords, who in their free time from idleness indulged in games of all kinds, began to call it: to designate as a whole cart of chatter. What is it about? (6 letters)

Answer: Charade

• Whom does Ovid recommend in the book “The Art of Love” by Ars Amandi to master the game “Tic Tac Toe”? Among other things, it is known that in 1300 in England this game was known as “The Dance of the Three Men,” and it is this game, which later became known as the “Dance of the Three Men,” that Ovid recommends to someone first of all to learn to play. (7 letters)

Answer: Woman

The player refused the super game.

Issue 39 (885), September 28, 2007

Participants:

Alexey Valov (Arkhangelsk)(1,450 points), Saadak Boltaeva (Samarkand), Maxim Prikhodko (Rovenki); Boris Maksimov (Novosibirsk), Sofia Chernikova (Otradnaya station), Dmitry Usachev (Shalya); Gummar Valiullin (Bogdanovich), Larisa Tabolina (Murmashi village), Alexander Oslin (Kamrak);

• What is the name for thin, soft, usually brightly colored vegetable tanned leather obtained from the skins of goats and sheep? (6 letters)

Answer: Morocco

• What, according to tradition, did the Russian village shoemaker pin under the sole when he made shoes for a bachelor or for an excellent fashionista? (7 letters)

Answer: Birch bark

• Clothes and shoes for taiga travel should be strong; shoes must have insoles to avoid chafing your feet. What should insoles for clothes and shoes be made from? (5 letters)

Answer: Sedge

• What was the name of a leg in ancient Rus'? (4 letters)

Answer: Paw

• In the 17th century, only peasants and soldiers wore boots, but at the turn of the 17th-18th centuries they began to be worn at court. Who brought boots into fashion again, a man legendary in Russian history? (7 letters)

Answer: Suvorov

• Exactly here So called shoes that were used for housework in the village. (6 letters)

Answer: Feet

• Who should have been scared off by sparse fences or bast shoes on the porch of a house? (3 letters)

Answer: Thief

The player guessed the horizontal and the first vertical word, but did not guess the second vertical word.

Issue 40 (886), October 5, 2007

Participants:

Zakira Khairulina (Almetyevsk), Yuri Bannikov (Kursk)(3,050 points), Elizaveta Nastaeva (Chekhov); Natalya Pokladova (military unit “Dubki”), Rakhima Isaeva (Konakova), Olga Tuzova (Bishkek); Tatyana Grachev (Ryazh), Vladimir Silin (Razumnoe village), Irina Kholina (Zolotkovo village);

• The Eskimos call them garbage dumps, because at the beginning of July they fly into villages and rummage through garbage dumps, and from that moment the walrus hunting season begins, as the Eskimos believe. Who are we talking about? (5 letters)

Answer: Sandpiper

• What is an adult male fur seal called? (5 letters)

Answer: Cleaver

• Which Arctic seal is called "ice rat" by whalers? In the old days, the name of this animal could not be pronounced to a woman, just like the word “yaranga”, “musher”, etc., because according to local customs, the letter “R” cannot be pronounced by women at all, it is taboo. What is it about? (5 letters)

Answer: Seal

• Since ancient times, walruses provided the inhabitants of the far north with meat for food and skins for building houses and boats. What did the locals sometimes use walrus bones for? (5 letters)

Answer: Firewood

The player refused the super game.

Issue 41 (887), October 12, 2007

Participants:

Nadezhda Tsipnyatova (Yartsevo), Anatoly Dymchenko (Nikolaevka village), Svetlana Esyrkina (St. Petersburg); Khamza Yusupov (Ufa), Elena Kazyanina (Krasny Vartas village), Bakhtiyar Tajibaev (Tashkent)(1,800 points); Leonid Elkin (Usman), Svetlana Kurkina (Ust-Katav), Andrey Bardin (Edintsy);

• The Latin name is "Oak Quercus". What does this mean in translation? (8 letters)

Answer: Handsome

• What does the ancient Slavic word “Cheryoma” mean, from which the tree actually comes? (9 letters)

Answer: Dark-skinned girl

• Mamin-Sibiryak, the famous writer, compared cedar to something. With whom? What did he call the cedar? (6 letters)

Answer: Boyarin

• The name of one of the most ancient cities in the world translates as “city of palm trees.” What city are we talking about? (7 letters)

Answer: Jericho

The player refused the super game.

Issue 42 (888), October 19, 2007

Participants:

Victoria Ivanova (Sterlitamak), Vyacheslav Sotskov (Yaysk), Elina Belyaeva (Murinovo village); Ekaterina Nemysheva (St. Petersburg), Alexander Sleeping (Petrovo village)(4,800 points), Irina Grinberg (Severodvinsk); Svetlana Mironova (Volgograd), Tatyana Lapko (Kremennaya), Lidia Morozova (Leninsk);

• Last quarter of the 19th century. During the reign of horse-drawn carriages in St. Petersburg and other provincial cities, its carriages were two-story, with seating inside the carriage and on the roof. What were the places on the roof called? (8 letters)

Answer: Imperial

• What was the name of the type of carriage used by wealthy travelers? (6 letters)

Answer: Rydvan

• Name the first type of public transport. This word was put into circulation by a retired officer of the Napoleonic army, Boudry. In translation, if we call it completely because of the phrase, of which only one word remains in circulation, there were two, but in translation in general it is called everything and everyone. (7 letters)

Answer: Omnibus

• What were the names of public carriages for eight people, four people on each side, drawn by a pair of horses? (7 letters)

Answer: Ruler

• In 1909, a recently elected member of the Moscow City Duma (as deputies were previously called) by the name of Sazonov filed a complaint, who wrote that, according to rumors, some senior employees of the city tram allowed themselves to take bribes in order to provide a position. Whom? (13 letters)

Answer: Car driver

• This highway in St. Petersburg, where the first tram line was laid. (4 letters)

Answer: Neva

• A box with what must have been in the motor cars of the first trams in Rus'? (4 letters)

Answer: Salt

The player guessed all three words and won the car.

Issue 43 (889), October 26, 2007

Participants:

Tatiana Senkevich (Tyumen), Vladimir Vlasov (Yakhrenga village)(7,850 points), Olga Nikitina (Kaliningrad); Varvara Ovchinnikova (Neruba village), Anton Gubko (Izhevsk), Tamara Ivanova (Orekhovo-Zuevo); Vadim Belyakov (Smolensk), Nina Dunaeva (Aikhan village), Alexey Istomin (Arkhangelsk);

• What did they call a clumsy person in Rus' in the old days? This verb, from which this word actually came, means that a clumsy and stupid person does something, and not at all in the sense that is understood now. What are you talking about? (7 letters)

Answer: Big guy

• Since ancient times, how did they call a beautiful, charming girl in Rus' and in Russia? (6 letters)

Answer: Infection

• What was the name used in the old days for a recruit who turned out to be unfit for military service? (7 letters)

Answer: Scoundrel

• The secretary of the Austrian embassy, ​​Adolf Lisek, wrote in 1675: “Here This there is a common virtue among Russians.” (14 letters)

Answer: Hospitality

The player refused the super game.

Issue 44 (890), November 2, 2007

Participants:

Alexandra Kravchenko (Senno), Andrey Kartidov (Surgut), Lidia Pankova (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky); Yulia Shushakova (Smolensk), Evgeny Shirokov (Navashino)(3,100 points), Ksenia Kerdymova (Ahansk); Olga Vetrova (Jirim village), Igor Glagolevsky (Odessa), Emilia Malygina (Polevskoy);

• August 12 in Piogiola, in high Corsica, all the residents of Canton are fighting for the title of best representative here this professions. (7 letters)

Answer: Bell ringer

• What profession are the symbols of Corsica? (6 letters)

Answer: Shepherd

• On August 12, a costume parade takes place in Bastelica (near Ajaccio) in honor of the folk hero Sampiero (condottiere Francisco I). Whose prototype was this folk hero of Corsica? (6 letters)

Answer: Othello

• A Corsican's favorite pastime when there are no tourists. (5 letters)

Answer: Hunting

The player refused the super game.

Issue 45 (891), November 9, 2007

Participants:

Lyubov Fonova (Maloyaroslavets), Alexander Igumnov (Karakol), Larisa Yakovleva (Kamensk-Uralsky); Mahsuda Akhmedova (Kumertao), Nikolay Mineev (Sars village), Galina Perova (Krasnye Baki village); Natalya Koreneva (Penkovo ​​village)(1,350 points), Andrey Milu (Berdyansk), Valentina Isaenko (Gomel);

• The heroes of many fairy tales were looking for overpowering grass to cope with evil spirits. What is this herb called? What is it about? (8 letters)

Answer: Water lily

• The ancients had a certain accessory on their clothes, which was considered the best amulet against evil spirits. (8 letters)

Answer: Button

• According to legend, the brownie has a brother. They call him a yard worker because he lives in the yard and takes care of the farm and livestock. Dvorova is friends only with a dog, if it is not sick, and with someone else. Who else is the yardman friends with? (5 letters)

Answer: Goat

• It was believed that getting rid of mermaids was not easy. It was necessary to collect the cursed grass on Trinity Sunday and, when the mermaid runs up, throw it in her eyes. What is cursed grass? (6 letters)

Answer: Sagebrush

The participant refused the super game.

Issue 46 (892), November 16, 2007

Participants:

Natalya Marakhtanova (Nizhny Novgorod), Nina Solovyova (Moscow), Marina Pisareva (Yaroslavl)(3,200 points); Yulia Kiuru (St. Petersburg), Irina Lukovkina (Samara), Lyubov Nikitina (Kazan); Irina Proksh (Rostov-on-Don), Yulia Batutina (Lipetsk), Olga Panina (Tyumen);

• What word related to the profession comes from the Latin word that meant “diaper”, “junk”? (9 letters)

Answer: Crib

• Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov came up with his own system for assessing student knowledge. Who performed what or missed what, etc., assign in the cells next to each day and name the first letters of the word signifying: “VI” - did everything, but did not know the lesson, “NC” - did not know part of the lesson, “ZUND” - did not know the lesson firmly, “NZ” - did not submit the task, “HZ” - the task was bad, “B” - was sick, “K” - was not at school, “VIZ” - completed everything in abundance. What was the highest score? (5 letters)

Answer: Sabbat

• What word, borrowed from Italian, originally meant “teacher”? (6 letters)

Answer: Pedant

• The name of which subject, directly related to this topic, is translated from Latin as “group”? (5 letters)

Answer: Desk

• What word did the Germans initially call little Jesus, and then began to apply to some other children around the world? (10 letters)

Answer: Prodigy

• What invention, made in 1814, allowed teachers to teach large classes rather than just a few students? It was invented by James Pillance, a Scottish teacher. (5 letters)

Answer: Board

• What was and is the name of the ceremonial meeting in one institution? (3 letters)

Answer: Act

The participant guessed all three words and won a car and a computer class.

Issue 47 (893), November 23, 2007

Participants:

Olga Sycheva (Kuznetsk), Azer Huseynov (Baku), Natalya Alekseeva (s. Svyatoslavka); Olga Pomygova (Kirsanov), Yuri Vinogradov (Bishkek)(6,950 points), Elena Efremova (Cheboksary); Nikolay Gavrilov (Istra), Taisiya Kobyleva (Chaadevka village), Khusrat Nigmatov (Isfara);

• What was the original name for the barrel organ? Generally speaking, the organ itself was called only from the 19th century, it came from the song of the charming Sharman Catherine, they played such a song on this organ, turned the handle and that’s what it was called. But from the very beginning, when this musical instrument was invented, it was not called that way, but was called something else. (7 letters)

Answer: Chizhovka

• One of the names of the barrel organ until the 19th century was “chizhovka”. When it was improved mechanically, it was called the terrible academic word “symphonion”. (9 letters)

Answer: Drozdovka

• People called it chizhovka or drozdovka and something else. What was it called? (9 letters)

Answer: Katerinka

• The most ancient musical instrument. This ivory piece was found in southern Germany and is approximately 37,000 years old. (6 letters)

Answer: Flute

The player refused the super game.

Issue 48 (894), November 30, 2007

Participants:

Valentina Nazarova (Protvino), Dmitry Chaika (Brovary), Tatyana Sinitsyna (Crimea); Teimuraz Bojgua (Senaki), Natalya Khrushcheva (Krasnopolye village), Leonid Terabuev (Vologda); Abdurasul Mamyzakirov (Kyrgyzstan), Irina Ivanova (Nizhny Novgorod), Yuri Zakharov (Moscow)(3,850 points);

• What was the name in Russia for a student receiving full support in a closed pre-revolutionary educational institution? (9 letters)

Answer: Pensioner

• What was a teacher of arithmetic called in ancient Rome? (11 letters)

Answer: Calculator

• At the end of the 19th century in Russia, people of what profession began to be taught geography, French and good manners? (8 letters)

Answer: Cab

• It is known that in most of Russia the back desk in the classroom is called “Kamchatka”. What is another name in Kamchatka? (11 letters)

Answer: Kaliningrad

The player refused the super game.

Issue 49 (895), December 7, 2007

Participants:

Lyubov Shchepyotkina (Kartaly), Mikhail Golovenko (Gomel), Elvira Kurbanova (village Buraevo); Andrey Trofimenko (Elista), Elena Avtomova (Kovrov), Mikhail Bochkarev (Moscow); Irina Ryazantseva (Stary Oskol), Yuri Perepelkin (Orenburg), Victoria Maloshchuk (Chernigov)(1,600 points);

• The manager of the mining business in the Urals, the famous historian and geographer Vasily Tatishchev, in 1735 named the mountain he discovered in the Urals, unique for its riches, in honor of Empress Anna Ioannovna. What exactly did he call her? (9 letters)

Answer: Grace

• Mother Hera threw God from Mount Olympus. He was a terribly naughty child later. And he, by the way, hurt himself badly, but only later, having become a god, Hera took revenge and made her a chair, she sat in it and could not get up, and only many years later did he free her. Who are we talking about? (6 letters)

Answer: Hephaestus

• What was the name of the nymph who was punished by the goddess Hera for chattering? She chatted endlessly, and during Hero's visit to the nymphs, she was endlessly distracting with her endless conversations. She was punished in a terrible way: as a result of the punishment, according to one version, she could not speak when others were speaking, and moreover, according to another version, she could only pronounce the endings of words, never understanding their meaning. Who are we talking about? (3 letters)

Answer: Echo

• What is the name of one of the peaks of Alatau, named after its youngest conqueror? The mountain, by the way, 2,847 m, was once and recently conquered by a five-year-old boy, whose name was Misha Khanenyuk, and who climbed this mountain with his father. (7 letters)

Answer: Baby

• Which mountain has a huge number of names: Chomo-Kankar translated as “mother-queen of snowy whiteness”, Sagarmatha - “top of the sky”, “mother of the gods of the earth” - Gaurizankar and many, many others? In order to go to this mountain, you have to wait your turn, you have to sign up for the queue and wait. (7 letters)

Answer: Everest

• Russian traveler Nikolai Przhevalsky discovered a ridge in Tibet and named it Moscow. What did he name the main peak of his ridge? (6 letters)

Answer Kremlin

• The legendary king, after whom the mountain in the park of Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh, the summer residence of the British Queen, is named? The Scots say that anyone who is too lazy to climb this mountain is not worthy of eating his porridge. (5 letters)

Answer: Arthur

The participant guessed all three words and won a car.

Issue 50 (896), December 14, 2007

Participants:

Raisa Kusakina (village Malinovka), Evgeny Savonin (Voronezh)(12,700 points), Elvira Gafarova (Moscow); Nadezhda Kalmykova (Serafimovich), Salifdzhan Kireev (Tashkent), Irina Kiseleva (Yoshkar-Ola); Maria Luneva (Barnaul), Anvar Kasimov (Chikcha village), Nadezhda Korneva (Volgograd);

• Who was the protector of those whose profession is related to water? This is what they believed in Rus', that is, the protector of fishermen, raftsmen, sailors and in general everyone whose work is connected with water. (7 letters)

Answer: Nikolai

• The name of the saint who, according to our ancestors, controlled the dew. (4 letters)

Answer: Ilya

• Which mythological hero, according to legend, gained heroic strength by bathing in one of the healing springs of the Caucasus? (6 letters)

Answer: Hercules

• Who was the first in the world to advise boiling or filtering contaminated water before drinking it? According to legend, lush flowers always grew on the grave of this legendary man, even when there was drought all around, they were irrigated by beneficial rain precisely because most of all he valued the life-giving power of water and said: “Healing comes from water!” Who are we talking about? (9 letters)

Answer: Hippocrates

• What has clean water symbolized in Rus' since ancient times? (9 letters)

Answer: Honesty

• If you have washed your hands, you should dry them with a towel, but shake off the water from your hands. Who can pay off according to the ancient Russian legend if they shake it off their hands into the water? (4 letters)

Answer: Crap

• Legend says that in ancient times a sailor naturally had a long journey through water, if it was a sea or ocean, the water was salty. Where did they get clean fresh water from? (6 letters)

Answer: Swamp

The player guessed the horizontal and the first vertical word, but did not guess the second vertical word.

Issue 51 (897), December 21, 2007

Participants:

Andrey Rozanov (Minsk), Zoya Ermolaeva (Ilyinka village)(1,800 points), Alexander Goncharov (Serevodvinsk); Maria Martirosova (Monino village), Anatoly Mirzakimov (Belgorod), Natalya Tselishcheva (Kirov); Ognez Gambaryan (Vanadzor), Olga Dmitrieva (Balashikha), Ilya Kuznetsov (Kostroma);

• Which word owes its origin to one of the flax processing processes? (5 letters)

Answer: Lingerie

• What did a separate piece of fabric used to be called in Russia? (5 letters)

Answer: End

• What word comes from the Greek meaning a piece of cloth? (5 letters)

Answer: Sail

• What was linen called in general in Rus'? (3 letters)

Answer: Ham

• The Old Russian word “Koprina” means silk. The name of which plant comes from this words? (7 letters)

Answer: Nettle

• Here So used to be called a piece of fabric in a roll. (5 letters)

Answer: Jamb

• The name of which fabric in translation from Persian actually means “matter”? (5 letters)

Answer: Brocade

The participant guessed the horizontal word, but failed to guess the other two.

Issue 52 (898), December 28, 2007

Participants:

Ilsur Zagrutdinov (Sestroretsk), Albert Verkholyak (Petrozavodsk), Galina Chogovadze (Moscow); Maya Kolodina (Moscow), Simon Oganesyan (Lipetsk), Svetlana Zaitseva (Shuya); Eliza Annam (Dhaka)(4,400 points), Ivan Bokov (Domodedovo), Anastasia Sorokova (Podolsk);

• According to art scientists, the classic staff of Santa Claus should have a holy handle and a moon, stylized with the image of a month or the head of a bull - a symbol of power, fertility and happiness. What should the staff itself be made of? (8 letters)

Answer: Crystal

• According to art scientists, the classic fur coat of the Russian Father Frost should be ankle-length, always red, embroidered with silver, eight-pointed stars and other traditional ornaments are required. Whose down should Santa Claus' fur coat be lined with? (6 letters)

Answer: Swan

• What is an indispensable attribute of the Spanish Santa Claus, whose name is Olentzero? (6 letters)

Answer: Flask

• What was the name of the German folklore character translated into Russian, the prototype of Santa Claus, on whom German children constantly blamed for misdeeds so that their parents would not punish them on holiday? (5 letters)

Answer: Nobody

• Which East Slavic spirit was the ancestor of modern Father Frost? (7 letters)

Answer: Treskun

• Finnish Santa Claus is called Joulupukki. Translated, his name means “Christmas Grandfather...”. Who? (5 letters)

Answer: Goat

• Where do English children leave their letters to Santa Claus? (5 letters)

Answer: Fireplace

The participant guessed all three words and won a car.