How to make a roof for a house 10 by 12. How to make a roof at home with your own hands - an easy option for a home master

Everyone who builds a private house wants to save a little. So the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bmaking a roof with your own hands arises. And for this, it is necessary to correctly install the truss structure and lay the roofing material, and each of these stages has its own nuances.

Construction types

Today, roofing acts not only as a protection for your home, but also as its distinctive architectural feature. Depending on what kind of roof the house has, there is a general impression of the facade. For example, a mansard roof makes the look of the house more conservative, while an exploited flat roof is built over modern cottages in high-tech, modern, eco styles.

flat

Despite their apparent primitiveness, it is flat roofs that are the most difficult to build. They are not very popular with the Russian consumer, since they are associated mainly with Soviet-built high-rise buildings, but recently an increasing number of people appreciate the convenience and functionality.

There are operated and non-operated flat roofs. In the first case, the roof surface is used as an additional functional space. So, here you can set up a garden, put a playground, organize a gym or adapt it to a terrace. In the second case, a roof is just a roof.

It is worth noting that the device of an unexploited version is much simpler, so for self-erection it is worth choosing it.

Flat roofs heavily load the walls, so you should not choose this model if you live in a frame house. In addition, it is advisable to consult with a professional so that he draws up a project and makes all the calculations. From a financial point of view, even with the help of a specialist, the arrangement of a flat roof is much cheaper than any other.

The biggest problem is removing snow from such a roof. In this case, it will have to be periodically cleaned manually so that the snow load is not excessive for the structure. You will also need to organize a drain (the internal option is best suited for flat roofs). We must not forget that flat roof suitable for initially strong or additionally reinforced walls, otherwise the load-bearing walls may not withstand and crack.

Shed

Shed roofs are rarely chosen for full-fledged private houses. This is due to their small decorative qualities. Indeed, the shed design looks unfinished. Therefore, much more often you can see a shed roof over a private country house, an extension or a garage. If it is chosen for a cottage, then it is most likely made in a modern style.

The first and main advantage of a shed roof is its simplicity. Even a beginner can make a shed roof, starting with drawing up a drawing and ending with finishing. Complex calculations are not required here, you just need to know the basics of geometry. The shed roof can withstand both snow and wind loads well. It is only important to install it correctly. As with a flat roof, savings are achieved through the small amount of materials required.

Not to mention the difficulties with ventilation. There is almost no free space under a shed roof, so some difficulties may arise. It is practically impossible to make an attic under an ordinary shed roof, as well as to take at least some space under the attic. Most often, a shed roof is used as an unusual ceiling for the upper floor, which imposes additional obligations on its insulation and waterproofing.

The most popular are structures with multi-level shed roofing systems, which look much more unusual and futuristic, especially if the house itself is correctly integrated into the surrounding landscape and is made in modern stylistic directions.

gable

Gable structures can be found much more often than single-sided ones. This is due to their traditional appearance, which many residents associate with comfort and coziness. The construction of a simple symmetrical gable roof also does not take much time and effort and will be on the shoulder even for a beginner. However, financially, a gable roof is much more expensive than a single-pitched or flat roof.

You don’t have to take care of a gable roof: it will not be necessary to manually clean the snow from it, the maximum is to renew the paintwork from time to time. In favor of gable roofs, the fact that they equally distribute the load on the walls also speaks. In the case of, for example, a single-slope structure, more weight will fall on the “low” wall, and a dual-slope structure distributes the weight between two parallel walls. In this regard, it can be erected over houses from fragile, in a general sense, materials.

An example is a frame cottage.

Before construction, it will be necessary to draw up a scheme or project, so that in the future the rafter system can withstand the weight of the roofing material. By the way, the rafter belt is made on the ground and only then transported to the installation site. Therefore, not even the strongest person can make such a roof, but professional builders still advise doing a gable roof with a partner.

With preliminary calculations and proper preparation, the attic space under the roof can be turned into an attic, however, the decision to build an attic floor is best taken at the design stage of the building and the roof in particular, since a number of requirements are put forward for attics (especially residential).

hip

This type is one of the most popular. The four-slope design with two triangular and two trapezoidal slopes is comfortable, functional and beautiful. A big plus is that here you can organize a spacious attic - even after the roof is built. To do this, you will need to carry out some insulation and insulation work, but you will not need to disassemble the roof: everything can be done from the inside.

All hip roofs are able to withstand strong snow and wind loads. The structure has four stiffeners, each of which has approximately the same weight, which is why the structure acquires similar strength. There is another reason to choose a hip roof: with this type, you can make large cornice overhangs along the edges, which will protect the walls from rain or snow. Due to the fact that all overhangs are in the same plane, they are less destroyed, since they are all exposed to the same negative environmental factors.

An important advantage is also in the aesthetic side: a house with an attic under a hip roof looks more harmonious, not so elongated upwards.

The disadvantages include difficulties with the construction of a roof of this type, high cost. It will take not only impressive financial investments, but also a lot of time. It will not be possible to make such a roof alone - you will definitely need a whole team. If there is an attic under the roof, and the windows are located directly in the roof itself, then water can seep through them if the installation was not carried out completely correctly. The solution would be to cover the windows from the outside, but this is impractical.

Half hip

Half-hip roof began to be popular in our country not so long ago. In appearance, it is very similar to the classic hip, however, it has one difference, which is that the end slopes do not fall to the level of the Mauerlat, but remain slightly higher, as if opening part of the wall. As a result, windows can be made in a flat wall through which water will not seep through.

The most demanded are gable half-hip structures, however, four-slope ones can also be found. It should be borne in mind that it is impossible to make a four-slope half-hip one yourself: you will need the right plan, a project with all the calculations.

It takes special knowledge and skills to do this.

Half-hip roofs have all the same advantages as hip roofs. An additional advantage is the presence of walls in which you can make windows or arrange access to the balcony. Materials for construction will also require much less. However, the time spent on construction will increase markedly, since the construction of this type of roof is more complex.

When planning and designing, it is also necessary to take into account the type of roofing material, since it directly affects how rigid the truss system should be. In addition, it must be borne in mind that the truss system will have more components. The process of laying the finishing material will also become more complicated.

Shatrovaya

The hipped roof also belongs to the popular four-slope, but it has a significant difference from the hip and half-hip. Here, all four diagonals converge at one point, which is the peak of the roof. The design can be flat or high. It depends on climatic features: the direction and strength of the wind, the amount of snow and the like. Since the roof is similar in structure to a tent, it got its name precisely because of this.

An important advantage is the absence of the need for the construction of gables. Thus, a significant amount of building materials and time can be saved, thereby spending less money on construction. Another advantage is the low risk of leakage. Due to the pyramidal structure, precipitation easily rolls off the roof without lingering. On the other hand, this shape of the roof contributes to its uniform heating, so in the summer months you can use the attic or attic as a living space without worrying about additional heating. Finally, here you can not equip a drainage system, since the water from the roof drains without hitting the walls, thanks to the wide overhangs.

There are some nuances. So, it is quite difficult to design a hipped roof on your own, since this implies a special structure of the truss system. It is also not easy to build a truss frame with your own hands: there are many connections that must be highly reliable and rigid. Thus, the need to hire specialists leads to the fact that a large amount of financial resources will be spent on construction. It must be borne in mind the fact that there is a high risk of delamination of the finishing material (for example, tiles or slate).

conical

A cone-shaped roof is often referred to as a round roof because it is made up of many facets, making it appear from afar that the base is round rather than polygonal. For typical cottages, this type of roof is not typical. The conical structure can be found above mansions or castles, and also as part of a roofing composition with a bay window. The cone-shaped pattern gives the building an interesting fairy-tale look, distinguishing it from all other houses.

The positive qualities of the design include its seismic resistance. Due to the many stiffening ribs, as well as the rounded shape, such a roof will withstand any wind and snow loads, as well as earthquakes or other similar disasters.

Unfortunately, such roofs have more disadvantages than advantages. So, you cannot make a window in the roof itself. This is due to its shape, tapering upwards, as well as aesthetics: windows in a cone-shaped design do not look very attractive, spoiling the whole view. Another disadvantage is connected with this - the inability to organize an attic, because the insufficient level of illumination is a significant drawback. Materials for construction will require much more than for other roofs. It is not only about the rafters, but also about the finishing roofing material. The design and construction itself is quite complex, so you will need to hire specialists with the necessary knowledge.

Attic

This name generalizes several options for roof structures at once, however, an important factor is the presence of an attic space under the roof. This is not about an ordinary attic space, but about a full-fledged attic. It has a number of requirements, one of the main ones is the height of the ceilings. Here it should be at least 2.5 m. The ceiling may be lower, however, lowered ceilings should occupy up to 50% of the total space.

The mansard roof can be laid both at the planning stage and after construction is completed. Of particular interest are residential attic rooms, which can be organized far from under all roofs. So, it is problematic to place one under a single-pitched or double-pitched structure, but all four-pitched roofs involve converting the attic into an attic in the future.

It is worth bearing in mind that some roofs do not necessarily need to be insulated right away. Sometimes it is possible to insulate and waterproof the roof from the inside, when the need arises.

Windows are another highlight. If the attic was taken into account at the planning stage, then there may be built-in windows in the roof, lying in the same plane with it or specially attached, similar to birdhouses. It is undesirable to do without windows completely, therefore it is advised to make windows there when converting the attic into an attic.

Keep in mind that roof windows are several times more expensive than ordinary ones, since they, along with the roof, must prevent water and drafts from entering the attic.

Complex

The roof of a complex structure is the most interesting, but it is also problematic to build it yourself. This is due to technical difficulties: you need to correctly calculate the load on the rafters, on the Mauerlat. If the calculations are carried out incorrectly, then there is a high risk of collapse of the roof or cracking of the walls.

As a rule, complex roofs are built in order to expand the useful area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house: under such a structure, you can place a full-fledged attic room, or even two. In this case, the roof is insulated and prepared in advance so that in the future you do not have to deal with it from the inside. A complex roof is not easy to process without being completely disassembled, as there are many joints, joints, corners.

The advantages of complex roofs include their attractive appearance. It is always possible to design a structure so that it is fully consistent with the surrounding landscape. Among the shortcomings in the first place is complexity. It is almost impossible to make such a roof on your own, so you will have to hire a team of professionals. In addition, an impressive amount of materials will be required both for the construction of the truss system and in order to cover the roof.

All the variety of types of roofs will allow you to choose the option that is ideal for your cottage or home. You need to calculate your budget and strength in advance, as well as pay attention to the environment - not every house will fit harmoniously. For example, a flat roof requires a modern landscape around, while a conical one requires as traditional as possible.

Preparation and tools

At the first stage, it is necessary to carry out all the preparatory work, prepare all the necessary materials and tools. The list can be called standard. So, you will need mastic and sealant, end and cornice strips, a construction knife, a trowel, a hammer and a roofing mop. All these tools are suitable for laying a soft roof, because it is this type that can be mounted alone.

First you need to strengthen the existing truss system. If you do it yourself, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the design features of the form you have chosen. In the vast majority of cases, the truss frame is assembled on the ground, after which it moves up and is attached to the Mauerlat. For strengthening, you can use plywood, OSB-boards or tongue-and-groove boards. Please note that plywood is not suitable if the attic or attic space is residential, since the material is highly flammable and releases toxic substances when heated.

It is better not to work in winter. If it turned out that the installation is carried out in the winter, then do not forget to leave expansion gaps of 3-5 mm between the seams so that the layers do not deform during expansion. In addition, you need to thoroughly treat all wooden parts with an antiseptic to prevent the appearance of microorganisms or mold fungi .

Such processing will significantly delay the possible rotting of the rafters, especially if you do not do the waterproofing correctly.

To build a truly high-quality roof, you need to follow some recommendations:

• When transporting materials intended for roofing, make sure that they do not bend, do not deform. This is especially true for easily bending options, such as corrugated board.
• If possible refuse mechanical loading, since rigid slings are capable of deforming some materials. Use soft slings or the manual method.
• Don't forget about drainage. It is necessary to decide in advance whether the internal drain will be designed or external. The design of the roof directly depends on this. For example, choosing a flat option, you need to make a small slope to the outer edges with an open gutter system or a small depression in the center with internal water drainage.

• When working with each of the finishing materials its specificity must be taken into account. For example, metal tiles or corrugated boards are attached to the roof with dowels in places where the wave deflects, while soft materials can be attached anywhere.
• All laying work is done from top to bottom. This applies to both the reinforcing layer and the finish. It is necessary to attach one sheet at a time, they are also transported up one by one.
• Finishing the ridge is done last. The material here must be overlapped to avoid moisture penetration in the future. It is the ridge connections that are the most vulnerable place for water.

Sequence of work

It should be remembered that everything starts with design. It is the plan that is the fundamental condition that allows you to rebuild a truly high-quality and beautiful roof in the future. So, it is necessary to clarify the dimensions of the roof, its height, the presence of windows, as well as the orientation of the roof. Remember that the orientation in relation to the cardinal points is chosen depending on the prevailing wind direction. The project must be drawn up according to all the rules, so that in the future you can avoid unpleasant surprises in the process of both construction and operation.

If necessary, before starting work, it is necessary to install a reinforcing belt. It will slightly strengthen the walls and Mauerlat, thereby removing part of the load from them, and it will be possible to choose a heavier roof.

Reinforcement is relevant for not the most durable houses, for example, frame houses.

Check and process all available materials and tools. If something is missing, it is much easier to add to the list at the preparation stage than after the work itself has begun. Check materials for integrity and suitability. If there is any doubt about the quality, it is best to replace the part. How warm and comfortable it will be in the house largely depends on the reliability and tightness of the roof, so it is important that everything is of good quality.

After all the preparations are completed, you can proceed directly to the construction. Step by step instructions are given below.

Erection: technology

The easiest to build is a gable design. It is more often than others made by hand, without resorting to the help of professional craftsmen, so it makes sense to consider it.

Rafters can be hanging or layered. In the first case, the rafters rest against the side walls, as if serving as spacers, as a result of which the impact is enhanced. To relieve the load, the rafters are additionally interconnected by an additional beam, called a puff. This helps reduce stress.

The layered version assumes the presence of a load-bearing wall in the middle. Above it, another overlap is created, to which the side slopes lean. It turns out that the load is distributed evenly between all three walls. However, the most common case is a combined case, when part of the structure is layered, and part is hanging.

Please note that the rafter system is completely assembled on the ground, and only then it is installed in its rightful place. The rafters are attached to the Mauerlat, securely fixed (usually with metal brackets). First, the extreme elements are attached, and then the intermediate ones. After the main elements (legs) are securely installed, you can attach everything else.

Protective layers: laying order

The lining layer must be made in full accordance with the specified sequence. Failure to comply with the order leads to the fact that the roof will leak, let in heat and drafts, and the rafters will rot.

• Under the rafters there must be a high-quality vapor barrier. An ordinary vapor barrier film is suitable, which will not allow condensate to fall on the insulation and wooden parts.
• Next fit directly rafters.
• Next, put a heater. Please note that it is much more convenient to work with insulation in slabs, since it can simply be laid between the rafters without fixing it, and it will hold securely. Consider also the use of foam insulation, which is the best in terms of its heat-retaining properties.

• A layer of waterproofing is placed on the insulation. Experts recommend using a new material - a waterproofing membrane. It will protect against moisture, while not retaining the condensate formed due to the collision of hot and cold air. The membrane is attached to the rafters with battens.
• Lay on top of the lathing roofing material.

Please note that with self-assembly, the need to use high-quality materials increases many times over, so that in which case it is possible to level the consequences of minor errors. As for the insulation, pay attention to mineral wool, but do not use glass wool if a living room is planned under the roof.

Finish coat

A huge variety of materials can be used as a finishing roofing. Today, there are many forms and types: some are suitable for warm climates, others for more severe ones; some can be mounted manually, for others you will definitely need to use special equipment. However, each of the popular options has its own individual advantages and disadvantages.

All materials for roofing are divided into two large types: soft and hard. In the first case, they are easy to bend, adjusting to the desired shape. In the second case, the material is made in the form of panels, which are subsequently lifted one by one and mounted on the roof in their original form. Both of them can be cut, only for soft materials they use a construction knife, and for hard ones - a hacksaw.

Before you cover the roof, you need to decide which type is most suitable for you. Keep in mind that when working alone it is best to use soft varieties, while pair or team work allows you to easily transport large panels to the top without damaging them. In both the first and second cases, it is better to prefer machine transportation: there is less risk of accidentally damaging the sheet, dropping it, or splitting it. We remind you once again that it is better to choose soft cables, as they will not press on the roof slabs and will not scratch them.

Types of roofing materials

As mentioned above, roofing materials are divided into two broad categories. The most common is shingles, which are soft materials. A big plus of this option is that it is suitable for all types of roofs, including even complex and cone-shaped ones. When laying, you will not need any professional tools - you can get by with the set of tools that every owner has.

With regard to performance, soft bituminous tiles have established themselves as a reliable material that can withstand pressure drops, exposure to precipitation and sunlight, and also has excellent decorative properties.

Slate is popular among sheet materials. Despite the fact that it is fragile and easily cracks under strong impacts, it withstands environmental influences perfectly. It is also important that slate is quite inexpensive, so it is chosen when building country houses or with a limited budget. It should be borne in mind that the heat and sound insulation qualities of slate leave much to be desired, therefore, if possible, for a house in which they will live year-round, it is better to choose a more modern analogue.

Finally, the most worthy and at the same time expensive material is a metal tile. She greatly wins against the background of others in terms of aesthetic indicators. Such a roof will look expensive and presentable, while the material will not lose its properties for many years. A metal tile can last about fifteen years, while maintaining its original appearance. Unfortunately, there is one drawback here - poor sound insulation, so it is advisable to take care of this additionally.

Mounting methods

It would seem that the finish coating can only be attached with dowels or self-tapping screws, but in reality it turns out that these methods have to be abandoned. This is especially true for soft roofs. So, soft roofing materials are usually fastened by the fusing method, also called the hot method. This approach ensures complete tightness, but many problems arise in the process.

For example, environmental conditions are a common cause of poor attachment, such as being too humid, too hot, or too windy. It is also important what characteristics the roofing material itself has.

To ensure the maximum quality of work, they are carried out mechanically.

When choosing a screw fastening, care must be taken to guarantee tightness at the puncture points. To do this, use specialized grout. Some particularly resourceful owners choose mounting foam, but professionals strongly do not recommend sticking to this method, since the foam is absolutely not intended for this, and the roof will leak soon.

Regardless of which method you choose, pay attention to the uniformity of fixing materials: with the hot method, the seams should be even and beautiful, and when using screws, each of them must be carefully sealed. Such precautions will save you from an early repair.

Decking

The professional flooring is sheet material. With its wavy structure, it looks like slate, but this is where all the similarities end. The professional flooring belongs to metal materials. The sheet is fully processed, pasted over with a variety of layers that prevent the occurrence of corrosion.

For roofing, special corrugated sheets are used, which are a modern analogue of iron roofs so popular in the past. Separately, it should be noted that corrugated board is ideal for pitched roofs, but for complex round structures it is undesirable to use it.

The material has both its advantages and disadvantages, which should be discussed in more detail. It should be noted in advance that there are many more advantages.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main reason why many choose corrugated board is its cost. It is quite low in comparison with analogues, however, corrugated board is not inferior in terms of operational properties. Another plus is the abundance of color solutions: in the product line you can find almost any shade. The most popular are brown, dark green, burgundy, gray. The corrugated roof does not burn, does not emit toxic substances into the atmosphere, which is why it is considered environmentally friendly. The service life is also impressive: such a roof can last up to 50 years, depending on the class of the material.

As for the shortcomings, they are few. Many are alarmed by the simplicity of the material: it does not seem particularly interesting.

Another drawback is poor sound insulation: rain drumming on such a roof will spread like thunder throughout the house - you will need to spend additional funds on insulation and soundproofing work.

Characteristics and features

The arrangement of the roof of corrugated board takes very little time and effort. No wonder this material is considered one of the easiest to install. To carry out the installation correctly, you need to remember some of the nuances:

• It is best to select sheets of corrugated board that fully match the size of the roof slope. Then it will be possible to close it without resorting to joining elements.
• If it was not possible to select panels according to the size of the slope, they resort to joining short elements: the sheets are overlapped by 15–20 cm, fastening them with self-tapping screws at each such joint. Silicone sealant is suitable for insulation.

The roof is one of the most complex and important architectural elements of the house. Its construction must be approached very responsibly - mistakes are too expensive. No wonder roofers are considered the most paid builders, the durability and comfort of the building largely depend on their skill. The construction process itself consists of several steps.

Step 1. Selecting a project

The main differences between roof projects are not design, although they are primarily striking, but structural. When choosing a specific project, the maximum number of technical characteristics of the building and the climatic zone of its location should be taken into account.

What roof options are offered to developers today?

roof type	Short description
	The simplest, used in small houses. The advantage is a simple truss system. The disadvantage is the lack of residential attic space. It is rarely used in our country, more often such houses can be seen in the Scandinavian countries.
	Universal roof for houses, allows you to build attic rooms, can be simple and broken. In terms of complexity, cost and manufacturability, most developers are satisfied. By changing the angle of inclination, the load indicators on the elements of the truss system are adjusted.
	A more complex design, it is recommended to install on large houses. The rafter system must be installed taking into account all building codes and regulations, it is imperative to make preliminary calculations.
	It differs from the hip in that the sizes of the slopes are not the same. Two slopes are large, and two trimmed are small. According to the technical device, it is somewhat more complicated than the hip, but such roofs increase the volume of the attic space.
	All slopes are in the form of equilateral triangles, and the vertices converge at one point. The roof can be placed on houses that have the shape of a square.
	The most complex of all the listed roofs, it is rarely used and only on multi-storey buildings.

Step 2. Selecting materials

After a specific roof option has been selected, it is necessary to decide on the materials for the construction of the truss system and the type of roofing.

Important. At the same stage, you need to decide whether the roof will be warm for living quarters or cold.

truss system

For the rafter system, only high-quality materials of at least second grade are needed.

Practical advice. To save money for the truss system, you can buy not dry, but raw boards, they are much cheaper. But it should be remembered that raw lumber must be used no later than 7-10 days later, during this time the rafter system must be installed and the roof covered. Boards under load will dry in the optimal mode, and strong mechanical bonds will not allow them to warp.

Prices for different types of building boards

Building boards

Mauerlat is made from a bar 100 × 100 mm or a board 50 × 200 mm. Rafter legs are made of boards 50 × 150 mm or 50 × 100 mm. The linear dimensions of the rafter legs should take into account the maximum possible static and dynamic forces. The width of the boards can be changed by using various vertical and angular stops. Each truss system has its own characteristics, the master must have extensive practical experience in order to correctly solve the problems that arise during construction. And, of course, a project must be ordered for a residential building, a self-built building is considered illegal and will not be accepted for operation. And this means that it is impossible to connect light and heating to it, they do not register in such a room, it cannot be given and bequeathed. The project, among others, has working drawings of the truss system, it is necessary to strictly follow the recommendations of the engineers.

The type of lathing depends on the type of roofing, for soft roofing materials it is required to make a solid one, for hard ones any one is suitable. For solid, it is necessary to prepare sheets of plywood or OSB, the thickness is at least one centimeter, but it can be changed depending on the pitch of the rafter legs.

Prices for OSB (Oriented Strand Board)

OSB (Oriented Strand Board)

You can make a continuous crate of edged rails, although this option is difficult to consider optimal - it is very expensive and time consuming. Under solid roofing materials, the crate is made of slats or unedged boards. Unedged lumber must be sanded.

Roofing materials

For residential buildings, bituminous or metal tiles are considered the most budgetary options.

Less commonly used profiled sheet or roll coatings.

Very rarely natural or artificial piece tiles.

The rafter system largely depends on the type of materials. At the stage of its design, it is necessary to take into account the weight and features of fastening roofing.

Prices for various types of roofing materials

Roofing materials

Heaters

Warm roofs are installed only in cases where the attic space is planned to be made residential attic. Currently, two types of insulation are used: mineral wool or polystyrene.

The distance between the rafters should take into account the factory width of the heaters, due to this the amount of unproductive waste is reduced and work is accelerated.

The weight of the heaters is minimal and during the design of the truss system it can be neglected. But you should keep in mind the climatic zone of the location of the house, the thickness of the insulation and, accordingly, the width of the rafters depend on it.

Practical advice. For all climatic regions, the thickness of the insulation should be at least 10 cm, for the middle lane this parameter increases to 15 cm. If the insulation layer is less than the recommended values, then the heat saving efficiency drops sharply.

Additional materials for the roof

If the roof is warm, then it is imperative to provide for the installation of steam and hydro protection, the arrangement of a counter-lattice to ensure natural ventilation of the under-roof space. The range of materials is huge, but by and large they are not much different from each other. The performance characteristics are more influenced by the observance of the laying technology than the physical indicators of the roofing membranes. Even very cheap material can be used in such a way that it satisfies all building codes and requirements. And vice versa, the most modern innovative material can be mounted in such a way that, apart from harm, there will be no positive effect.

And the last thing to think about during the planning of the construction of the roof is the drainage system and special elements for bypassing chimneys and ventilation pipes. Under some strokes and snow retainers, it is necessary to provide additional fixing points on the rafter system. It is much more expedient to do this at the stage of its construction than after fixing the roofing materials. Although modern technologies allow the use of both options for mounting additional and special roof elements.

At this preparatory stage is completed. If all building materials are prepared, the type of roof, roofing is selected, the truss system is calculated, then you can proceed to the direct construction of the roof.

Construction of the truss system

Important. Mistakes made during the construction of the truss system are very difficult to correct. Most of them will become noticeable already during the operation of the building, this is extremely unpleasant. There are situations when it will take more money to correct the shortcomings of the truss system than to build a new roof. And this is even in the case when, due to leaks, it is not necessary to repair the interior.

For example, we will consider step-by-step instructions for one of the most complex roofs - a hipped one. Understanding the construction technology of this truss system, it will not be difficult to understand the technology and assemble simpler single-pitched or gable ones on your own.

Step 1. Take two long boards, with their help it is easier to determine the length of the rafter legs, the angle of inclination of the slopes and the height of the roof. Temporarily fix the boards to a vertical support on the wall of the house. Raise or lower them until you find an acceptable position. If the dimensions of the house allow, then it is better to design the rafter system so that the length of the legs does not exceed 6 m. You can buy such lumber, there will be no need to build it up. Building up not only takes a lot of time, but also weakens the structure, requires the installation of additional supports.

Step 2 Fill in the reinforcing belt. It not only increases the height of the attic space, but also makes it possible to lengthen the overhang of the rafter legs and additionally protect the facade walls from atmospheric precipitation. The width of the belt should be at least 30 cm, the height depending on the size of the house.

How to pour a reinforcing belt?

Important. The difference in height at the corners of the reinforcing belt should not exceed ± 2 cm. To check, you need to pull the rope, with its help it is much easier to level the concrete surface.

Allow at least three days for the concrete to set. Remember that it will gain 50% strength only after two weeks, only then can the structure be fully loaded. If the weather is very warm and windy, then the concrete belt should be watered at least twice a day with plenty of water. Concrete gains strength not during drying, but during the favorable course of chemical reactions, this constantly requires moisture.

The construction of the truss system conditionally consists of four stages: the installation of the Mauerlat, the installation of the ridge beam, the installation of rafters (hip and diagonal) and the arrangement of the batten.

Mauerlat installation

Work begins after the concrete of the reinforcing belt has gained sufficient strength and the formwork has been dismantled. For Mauerlat, a beam of 200 × 100 mm is used. This is a very important element of the truss system, it serves to support the rafter legs and evenly distribute point loads over the entire area of ​​​​the facade walls.

Step 1. Lay the beam next to the reinforcing belt, accurately mark the exit points of the anchors. It is easier to do this without a tape measure. Turn it narrow side down and put it on your belt, mark the position of the anchors with a pencil. Then transfer the marks to the wide side of the beam, in these places it is necessary to drill holes.

Practical advice. If there is any doubt about the accuracy of taking measurements, then drill holes for anchors with a diameter of 2–3 mm larger than the diameter of the studs. This will not have a negative impact on the strength of the Mauerlat fastening, but it will make it much easier to install it in place.

Step 2 Drill holes, hold the drill as vertically as possible, do not skew. The work must be carried out by an experienced carpenter. A beginner can ruin the beam, you will have to shift all the holes by reducing its length.

Practical advice. If there is doubt about the strength of the concrete of the reinforcing belt, then do not tighten the nuts with great force. They can be pulled up later during the construction of the truss system.

Step 3 Prepare strips of waterproofing under the Mauerlat, it is better to buy an ordinary cheap roofing material. The strip is cut off from the roll, no need to roll it out. The material is perfectly cut by a grinder with a metal disc.

Step 4 Spread strips of waterproofing on the reinforcing belt. Making holes is much easier with a hammer. Place the roofing material on the anchors and carefully punch holes in the waterproofing for the studs with a hammer. Just do it carefully, you can not hit hard. Otherwise, there is a risk of damaging the upper threads, problems will arise during the tightening of the nuts. If you are afraid, then before laying the roofing material on all the studs, screw the nuts, after unscrewing they will automatically align the damaged turns.

Step 5 Install the beam on the anchors and tighten with nuts. Be sure to put large washers under them. If the Mauerlat is tight on the studs, then you will have to score with a sledgehammer. This situation indicates the lack of qualifications of roofers.

It is better to make Mauerlat from pine, and not from spruce, it has a lot more resin, respectively, it is not damaged by putrefactive diseases longer. How to distinguish pine from other softwoods? On several grounds. The first - the tree smells of resin and turpentine. The second - pine has a bright yellow tint, large and lively knots. Third - the presence of black spots on pine lumber indicates a high content of resin, it acquires this color after oxidation in air. Spruce is whiter, lighter in weight, has few knots and has an unpleasant smell of cat feces.

At the corners and along the length, the bars are connected into half a tree, it is advisable to fix these places with long nails or self-tapping screws made of stainless alloys.

Installation of a ridge beam

For horizontal support, vertical posts and the upper ridge run, you can use a beam of 50 × 150 mm. The lower element must be fixed with anchors, waterproofing should be placed between the concrete floor slab and the tree. All fasteners are made with nails, they should be driven in obliquely. If you wish, you can use metal corners. To calculate the dimensions of the ridge beam, you need to subtract its width from the length of the house, the resulting value is the length of the element. The calculation is needed so that all four overhangs are the same.

Installation of rafters

This is the most difficult stage in the construction of the truss system. The system will be non-spreading, special cuts are made on the rafter legs to rest on the Mauerlat. In this position, they do not push the walls apart, but press them, this rafter system is more stable than the layered one.

Step 1. Install diagonal rafters. For their manufacture, a board of 50 × 150 mm is used, if the length is not enough, then the materials should be spliced. During splicing, it is necessary to strictly follow the existing recommendations, while at the junction points it is imperative to install a backup in the future, this should be borne in mind when choosing a place to build. Make sure that all four elements are at the same angle. If the overhang value is slightly different - not a problem, the parameter can be easily adjusted to the required value by fillies.

Practical advice. To increase the strength of the diagonal rafters, it is recommended to knock down two beams, as a result, the thickness will increase to 100 mm. It is necessary to shoot down with a shift, due to this, the length of the element is simultaneously increased.

Step 2 Proceed with the installation of ordinary rafters. In places of emphasis with a Mauerlat, it is necessary to cut down the platform, the upper end is fixed to the ridge run.

Drive all connections with three nails at an angle. Two nails are driven into the sides and one into the edge of the beam.

Important. If the roof is insulated, then the pitch of the rafters is 60 cm, which is the width of most heaters. But dimensions should not be taken along the side planes of the lumber, but along the axis of symmetry.

To increase stability, additionally fix the rafters with metal corners. It is not necessary to screw in the screws, it is much more convenient to use nails, the stability of the structure does not decrease from this. The fact is that they work on a cut, and not on pulling out.

It is necessary to expose the rafters under the rope. First, two extreme legs are mounted, their position is carefully checked. Everything is within the normal range - pull the rope between them and already under it, install all the remaining elements.

Step 3 Trim the reach of the rafter legs under the eaves. It should be marked with a chop construction rope, it is easier to cut it off with a gasoline saw.

Practical advice. If piece tiles are used to cover the roof, then it will be necessary to strengthen the truss structure. This is easy to do, you just need to install additional runs and rest your feet on them.

Lathing installation

As we mentioned above, the type of lathing depends on the type of roofing. But in all cases, it is recommended to treat the materials for the crate with antiseptics. The fact is that they work in difficult conditions for natural ventilation, additional protection against decay is very important. Building codes require that all wooden elements be impregnated with fire protection, now there are dual-action preparations that protect both from fire and from rotting. Requirements must be met. But in practice, both protected and unprotected houses burn with equal success.

Video - Installation of the crate under the metal tile

Roof installation

The technology depends on the selected materials. For all cases, there is universal advice - you need to cover the house as quickly as possible. If insulation is to be installed, then this must be done from the inside of the building, thus eliminating the risks of wetting mineral wool. Wet wool is a problem for roofers. It will have to be taken out to dry, during dismantling a large amount becomes unusable, the total time for building the roof of the house increases significantly.

Prices for mineral wool

Video - Do-it-yourself metal roofing installation

Video - Errors in the installation of metal tiles

Installation of a drainage system

Video - Installation of gutters

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Often, the developer is faced with a very acute question related to how to properly build the roof of a house, and to do it so that there are no problems during operation, and the roof itself turns out to be reliable and durable.

Further, we will talk about how to properly build a roof with your own hands, what structure this important element of the house has, as well as what stages of work should be affected directly during the installation process. Of course, it is impossible to mention all possible types of roof construction at once, since there are a lot of device options. Therefore, as a basis, you can take the structure of the roof of a gable type house, which is one of the most popular among all types of structures. Let's figure out how to build a roof of this type of house.

It should be noted that it is recommended to start arranging the roof immediately after the construction of the main frame of the house, that is, its walls, otherwise there is a possibility that the uncoated building will collapse from the inside.

Since creating a roof from scratch is a very difficult process, it is imperative to create the desired projectusing the services of a specialist for this. Here you should consider the future shape of the roof structure, taking into account the parameters of the entire building as a whole, and also choose the roofing material.

Mauerlat appointment

To figure out how to build a roof, you need to know what functions it carries. Mauerlat is a support beam made of wood and measuring approximately 150x150 millimeters. It is laid around the perimeter of the entire area of ​​the building on the tops of the walls, that is, in those places where the rafter legs will be attached. It's important to understand. The installation of the Mauerlat is extremely important, because it is thanks to this element that the entire load on the walls will be distributed evenly. The beam must be tightly fixed. This can be done with a wire, but this option is only suitable for roofs with a small windage.

Provided that the roof area is more than 250 m², then fixing the Mauerlat requires installing a stud with a thread equal to 12 millimeters to a depth of at least two bricks in the wall (read also: ""). The step with which they should be located is 2 meters. A stud is an object on which a beam is put on and secured with a nut having a wide washer. As a rule, the Mauerlat is closed from the outside of the wall with masonry.

It is extremely important to remember that all structural elements consisting of wood must be treated with an antiseptic to prevent their possible decay, and those places where wood comes into contact with concrete or brick must be equipped with waterproofing.

Installation of the truss system

When thinking about how to properly build a roof, you need to know that the most important load-bearing element of the roof frame is the rafter. It is a beam measuring 150x70 millimeters. However, the parameters may differ depending on how much weight the roof has, and also with what step the rafter legs are located.

It is very important to properly fix the rafters to the Mauerlat. To do this, having previously made the necessary incision, you need to rest the rafter leg against the support beam. Further, the corners are fastened together with the help of a metal corner (in more detail: "").

You can also fix the rafters by driving in three nails.

This is done as follows:

1. One nail is driven in at an angle to the left.
2. One nail is driven in at an angle to the right.
3. One nail is driven in for the purpose of tightening.

This method of strengthening can protect the entire structure from unforeseen displacement under the influence of loads. Another important point: the wood used for the construction of the frame must have a moisture index not exceeding 20%.

Construction of a combined roof, see the video:

Roof ridge device

It must be remembered that, regarding the issue related to how to properly build a roof, one cannot fail to mention its such an important element, located at the very top, as a ridge. The structure of the ridge directly depends on the design features of the roof.

So, it is customary to distinguish the following methods for arranging a skate:

1. Butt-end bonding. The upper sections of the rafter legs should be cut so that they are firmly connected to each other. From the side of each end, you need to drive in a nail, and additionally apply a fixing pad, attached with bolts on each side of the rafters.
2. The device of rafters on the beam of the ridge. This design is most applicable for those structures where it is possible to make an emphasis for the ridge beam. The advantage of this method is that each rafter leg can be strengthened separately. This option is much less common on small roofs.
3. Joint according to the principle of overlap. This version of the device is considered the simplest and is usually used on small roofs, since such a system is unable to carry a large load. The rafter legs in the joint area are fastened with bolts equipped with wide washers and tightly pulled together.

Lathing installation

Parameters such as the crate step or the size of the board used directly depend on what type of roof is being built and what indicator the roof slope has. When laying a soft roof, the crate should be mounted closely, and for a sheet roof, the step should be from 40 to 60 centimeters. Often there is a double crate, the essence of which is to stuff bars on the rafter legs in compliance with a certain step (counter-crate), and then directly to the crate. This type of device is typical for a soft roof.

Roofing installation

Very often today, the roofing material is a popular metal tile, since its cost is quite affordable, in addition, it is easy to install and has a long service life, and thanks to a wide range of color shades, any design solution can be realized. In this case, the use of waterproofing under the roof is mandatory, it is also necessary to equip the roof with insulation, which is placed under the waterproofing, and vapor barrier, laid directly above the living space.

It is important to provide ventilation holes along the entire length of the roof so that moisture can escape unhindered.

One way or another, if you have questions regarding the roof device, information with detailed photos and videos of installation can always be found on the Internet, but you should also not neglect the help of specialists in order to avoid further problems during operation.

Before you start studying the material on how to build a roof at home with your own hands, it is important to get better acquainted with the design features of each type of roof. So, the basic requirements for the roof structure are as follows:

• high mechanical strength, which can withstand not only the weight of the roof, but also large wind loads combined with the pressure of a mass of wet snow;
• low weight of the roof, which contributes to the absence of pressure on the bearing walls and the foundation of buildings and structures.

Depending on the design, the following types of roofing are distinguished:

1. flat;
2. pitched (with and without an attic).

If everything is more or less clear with a flat roof, then with a pitched roof the situation should be clarified. First of all, arranging a roof with an attic space has many advantages.:

• it becomes possible to get an additional utility room where you can organize the storage of things;
• over time, you will be able to convert the attic into a living space (the so-called attic);
• the level of general ventilation of the building increases significantly during the construction of attics;
• the attic is an additional layer of thermal insulation between living quarters and the environment, therefore, during its construction, special attention is paid to the insulation of this room.

Self-planning construction

Let us consider in more detail how to properly build the roof of a house with your own hands, while obtaining the highest quality version of the roof.

The practical advice and methods of work indicated here are advisory in nature and can be adjusted in each individual case, taking into account external conditions.

The slope of the roof is selected from the following conditions:

• in areas with more than average rainfall, the slope angle approaches 45 °, and in areas with frequent winds, they try to make the roof more gentle;
• piece roofing materials (slate and others) are used on pitched structures with an angle of at least 22 °, which helps to prevent the formation of leaks at the joints;
• the greater the slope of the roof, the higher the consumption of roofing materials and, accordingly, the cost of building a roof.

The main structural element of the roof is the rafter system, which bears almost the entire load created by the roof. It consists of the following structural elements:

• rafters;
• crates;
• struts (crossbars, puffs, etc.);
• Mauerlat.

The following roofing layers are laid on top of the supporting structure:

• waterproofing;
• thermal insulation;
• vapor barrier;
• counter-lattices;
• roofing.

Any roof must have increased mechanical strength in order to withstand its own weight and the effects of external atmospheric influences (snow, rain, gusts of wind).

Start of roof construction

Installation of the roof, as a rule, begins with the installation of a mauerlat (support beam), which is attached to the wall using special anchors or wire. After the installation of the Mauerlat is completed, they begin to install the rafters, the section of which is selected based on the following conditions:

• step length between rafters;
• roof pitch;
• roof loads;
• the length of the rafters themselves.

The upper end of the rafters is overlapped, with overlays or attached to a ridge beam. To increase the stability and reliability of the structure, struts are arranged between the runs and racks. The beam for making rafters must be treated with special chemical compounds that prevent premature decay. To connect the rafters to each other, special nails and bolts are used. Before screwing in the bolts, pre-drilling of the wood is performed, which makes it much easier to fasten the roof components together.

Range of roofing materials

Among the wide variety of roofing materials, the following materials compare favorably with their performance characteristics:

1. Ceramic tiles. Ecological, refractory, frost-resistant material, which has good sound insulation, low thermal conductivity and excellent vapor permeability. This type of roof can withstand a long service life (50-100 years), during which ceramic tiles practically do not lose their properties.
2. metal tile. Corrosion and UV resistant roofing that is lightweight and easy to handle. Due to the presence of various colors, textures and profile bends, metal tiles quickly gained popularity.
3. bituminous tiles. It has elastic properties, which allows covering curved sections of the roof. She is not afraid of the influence of the environment and is quite easy to fit. Unlike other types of shingles, bitumen is not as durable, but has a lower price.

Hydro, heat and vapor barrier - current trends in roof construction

After the installation of the truss system is completed, a counter-lattice is nailed to it, designed to increase the roof coverage area and provide a gap between thermal insulation and waterproofing. This ventilation gap makes it possible to remove water condensate from under the insulation, which negatively affects the entire structure during roof operation. From above, the counter-lattice is covered with a waterproofing layer, which is laid with a margin in case of thermal expansion. Waterproofing allows steam to pass from the room into the insulation, but prevents moisture from entering the room.

After the installation of the waterproofing layer is completed, a transverse crate is fixed on the rafters, on which, in fact, the roofing material will be held. The crate is made from timber, which is fixed perpendicular to the rafters. When choosing some materials, a continuous crate may be required (bituminous rolled roofing, flat slate, sheet steel, and others). In this case, OSB boards or plywood with moisture-resistant properties are used, which are laid with a gap. This ensures optimal operating conditions and compensation for thermal expansion of materials.

When laying roofing materials, adhere to the direction from right to left and from bottom to top. Materials are laid directly on the crate. Each individual type of roof has its own fastening methods: for example, bituminous tiles are laid with nails and special glue, slate and metal tiles - with long nails.

After the installation of roofing materials and waterproofing, you can safely proceed to the procedure for laying heat-insulating materials. In this capacity, it is best to use materials of natural origin: mineral wool or organosilicon slabs. Apply heaters and non-natural origin: polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam, penoizol. Options for ecological insulation with straw, algae, sawdust, etc. are possible. The insulation layer is overlapped, due to which the degree of thermal conductivity decreases several times.

One of the important elements of the internal arrangement of the roof is a vapor barrier, which makes it possible to obtain reliable protection against condensate, which will necessarily form at the interface of the insulation. Today, the most popular vapor barrier material is a reinforced film, which has attractive performance parameters and an acceptable cost.

When installing a vapor barrier, special attention should be paid to junctions with external walls, pipelines and high-quality gluing of various pieces of vapor-proof material to each other.

Attic - the best option to expand living space

A fairly popular arrangement option is a pitched roof with an attic, which allows you to significantly expand the living space and effectively use the available space. When building a roof with an attic, attention should be paid to issues of high-quality insulation and lighting. In order to obtain comfortable conditions in an attic-type attic, preliminary installation of heat-insulating materials with low thermal conductivity is performed. Absolutely all planes bordering the environment are subject to insulation.

The question of the choice of roofing materials remains important, since the roof of metal tiles heats up pretty much in summer, thereby creating uncomfortable living conditions in the attic. This, in turn, entails additional costs for ventilation, air conditioning and thermal insulation, so it is very important to think through all the features of the construction of the future attic and its intended purpose. A properly and high-quality attic can become a full-fledged living space, which will be an ideal option for multi-purpose use.

Additional functional equipment of the roof

The final stage in the construction of the roof should be the installation of a drainage system, which will direct precipitation in the required direction, and protect the blind area and building walls from additional harmful effects of moisture.

The gutter system should cover the entire surface of the roof and have the highest possible productivity, affecting the diversion of water in the required direction and quantity. Modern building codes take into account the operation of the gutter system in the winter, for which an additional heating system is installed, which contributes to the melting of snow and ice on the roof surface. With a great desire and the availability of free time, the question of how to build a roof of a house with your own hands can be resolved in the shortest possible time. To do this, it will be enough to have basic skills of independent work with metalwork and woodworking tools.

We offer you to see how to build a roof at home with your own hands, a video on how to do it right and organize it.

During the construction of private houses, the roof is most often made gable. There are reasons for this. First, it is reliable. Handles wind and snow loads well. The second - it is compatible with any roofing. The third is relatively inexpensive. The fourth is a simple design that is difficult to spoil. Fifth - it looks attractive. All this, and also the fact that a do-it-yourself gable roof is built without special knowledge, determines its popularity.

Do-it-yourself assembled gable roof ready for installation of roofing

Step-by-step installation of a gable roof

As you saw above, there are a lot of truss systems. Accordingly, when assembling each has its own characteristics, but in general the order is the same. It is necessary to say about the general step: pre-drying and processing of wood. This step is required if you bought fresh lumber, not dried.

The use of raw wood of natural moisture in the construction of the roof will lead to problems: the beams will bend, they will dry out, the geometry will change. All this will lead to the emergence of stress points and at the slightest sign of overload (a lot of snow, strong wind or rain), negative processes will begin. Their elimination is a complex and costly undertaking. Therefore, either buy dry wood (no more than 20%, ideally chamber drying 8-12%), or buy material a couple of months in advance, put it in ventilated piles. After that, treat with the necessary impregnations (from fungal attack and to reduce flammability) and only after that use it in the installation of the truss system.

Timber must be dried in ventilated stacks. To do this, they are laid in short pieces of boards. They are placed a meter from the edges and further through the meter. Spacers must be installed under the bottom

We will talk about the main stages of assembly, about how to make a gable roof with your own hands in this section.

Mauerlat

The assembly of the gable roof truss system begins with the installation of the Mauerlat. It must be set strictly horizontally, therefore, before starting installation, the horizontalness of the wall to which it is attached is carefully checked, if necessary, it is leveled with cement mortar. You can continue work after the solution gains 50% strength.

Depending on the system, this is a beam with a section of 150 * 150 mm or a board with dimensions of 50 * 150 mm. It is attached to the top row of masonry walls. If the house is wooden, its role is played by the upper crown. If the walls are made of light building blocks - foam concrete or aerated concrete and others - their rigidity is not enough to redistribute the load. In this case, a reinforced concrete belt is made over the last row of masonry, into which embedded fasteners are embedded - wire or studs. A bar or board is then mounted on them.

There are several ways to connect walls and Mauerlat:

• In the masonry (in the reinforced concrete belt) a smooth rolled wire of large diameter is fixed (two ends stick up). Holes are then made in the board in the necessary places, into which the wire is threaded. She then twists and bends.
• Studs with a diameter of at least 12 mm are immured in the wall. Under them, holes are made in the Mauerlat, a beam / board is placed) and tightened with nuts with wide washers.
• Aligning the beam or board along the outer or inner edge of the wall, take a drill with a diameter of 12 mm, make holes for the anchor bolts. They (the same diameter of 12 mm) are hammered to the very hat, then tightened with a key.

The distance between the studs (wire) should not be more than 120 cm. Cut-off waterproofing must be laid on the wall (belt) under the Mauerlat. It can be rolled roofing felt or waterproofing in two layers, it can be smeared with bituminous mastic.

Rafter installation

There are more than a dozen types of gable roof truss systems. First of all, you need to choose what yours will look like. Further, in order to make it easier to work, a template is made from thin boards for all cuts, cuts and other similar details. To do this, you may need to assemble the first form on the roof, and then make templates for the finished one.

The assembly order depends on the type of truss system. If the rafters are layered, they are installed gradually, assembling from the elements directly on the roof. In this case, it is convenient if the beams of the ceiling are laid and, if possible, the draft flooring of the attic or attic.

In systems with hanging rafters, a farm is assembled on the ground - a ready-made triangle of puffs and rafter legs with all the required struts, racks. The required number of farms is assembled at once. Then they are lifted to the roof, placed vertically there and attached to the Mauerlat.

On the one hand, this is convenient - it is easier to work on the ground, with a high assembly speed, the accuracy is high: one farm is not much different from the other, which simplifies the procedure. But it can be difficult to raise finished trusses, especially for large buildings. To make this easier, two inclined boards are installed, which at one end rest against the ground, and the other sticks out a little above the wall. Farms are brought closer to this “lift”, one by one they are installed below, ropes are tied and pulled along the boards to the roof. In the absence of a winch or crane, this is the most acceptable method.

The assembly of rafters requires certain knowledge: how and in what order to mount them, how to mark and make cuts. See the video for the assembly of one of the schemes with a headstock.

Assembly order of the truss system

Everything, the do-it-yourself gable roof is assembled and ready for installation of roofing material.

The process of installing the rafters itself raises enough questions, but there are many ways and it is impossible to tell about them all. See one of them in the video. The system is large and went up to the roof in parts, and there it was already assembled into a single structure. It is convenient for large houses.

Features of the installation of the truss system of a wooden house

The difference between wooden houses is that the log house shrinks, and this leads to a change in the geometry of the truss system. If the elements are fixed rigidly, the roof may fall apart. Therefore, the mounts are made floating. There are special sliding fasteners, which in this case attach the rafters to the upper crown and to the girders, if any (see photo).

In order for the rafter to move freely during shrinkage, its long part is fixed strictly parallel to its edge, and the support is placed strictly perpendicular. If necessary, a platform is cut out under it. Mark the mount so that the hook is in the lowest position or near it. They are mounted on special self-tapping screws that come with the kit (ordinary ones do not fit). If the installation is done on a log, so that the rafter leg does not slip along it, a semicircular hole is cut out in the lower part, on which it will rest.

Such fasteners are sold on any construction market, it is called "slippery". How to attach the slippery to the beam, see the video.

Video on assembling and installing a gable roof truss system

It is not easy to build a gable roof with your own hands: there are a lot of subtleties and nuances, there are different ways of fastening, building up. Describing them in words is a thankless job. This is the case when it is better to see. Below is a selection of videos that you might find useful.

Video report on how a gable roof is made

The story of the owner of the house about the stages of construction. There are interesting technical points that may be useful.

Two types of rafter connection: rigid and sliding

Video about the two most problematic types of connections.

How to determine the angle of the rafters

Full video report on the assembly of the truss system

This movie is just under an hour long, but the entire process is shown from start to finish with plenty of detail. The roof is placed on, but when installed on buildings of a different type (except for wooden houses), there is no difference.