Methods for obtaining oil from vegetable seeds. How sunflower oil is produced

Vegetable oil production, including sunflower and why this process does not dare to be called natural. Video and explanation of the oil making process that most people cook with and why they should consider replacing vegetable oils with healthy, stable fats.

Perhaps one of the most popular topics of my blog are posts about Vegetable Oil.

For the majority of Russians, Vegetable Oil means the most common - sunflower oil. And I will probably be in the minority (although I really hope that after this post many of you will change their minds), since I do not use Vegetable Oils and even consider them not only useless, but even dangerous and one of the causes of many chronic diseases of modern humanity.

I completely gave up the use of Vegetable Oil and believe that this only improved my well-being and health. And in order to give one more proof why you should also give up sunflower oil, I decided to show and tell you about the production process of Vegetable Oil.

Vegetable Oil Production

I already told in one of my posts why you should not use. And then I decided why tell so many times, if in our age of technology you can also show!

The video below was shown on Science Channel's How It's Made.

The video itself shows and talks about all the steps in the production of Vegetable Oil, in this case, canola oil, because it is it that is common in the United States.

And just like the production of Vegetable Oil , in principle, the same (except for the raw materials), I decided to specially translate this video into Russian so that you understand how the process of making most Vegetable Oils goes.

So production video vegetable oil:

* The video begins with how much vegetable oils are touted to us, saying that they do not contain Saturated fat (which used to be attributed to diseases of the cardiovascular system, but has now been proven to be nothing to do with it).

* We are then shown how the canola seeds go through a process of peeling, grinding and pressure. The same thing happens with sunflower seeds. And if this process hardly raises any questions, then the next steps in the manufacture of butter, in which most people cook their food and dress salads, personally horrify me.

* 2:21 The resulting raw material is rinsed with chemical powder for 7 minutes!!! This need is explained by the fact that you need to get rid of any other impurities in order to get pure oil. It’s hard for me personally to imagine what kind of oil remains there after washing it with a chemical detergent!

* 2:38 This is the phase of the so-called cleansing. Vegetable oil is washed again 20 !!! minutes, but this time with Sodium Hydroxide or its other name - Caustic Sodium. This chemical is used in the chemical and oil refining industries and to dissolve blockages in sewer pipes!

* 3:14 Vegetable Oil is refined from vegetable waxes, which are then used to make an even more unnatural and deadly margarine.

* 3:41 They don't show it, but they proudly say that Vegetable Oil goes through a process of bleaching and heating to very high temperatures to get rid of the smell and get the oil that most housewives cook with - refined vegetable oil.

So why, one wonders, is it necessary to poison yourself with a completely unnatural, devoid of all useful substances, unstable, forming free radicals and containing chronic inflammation-provoking Omega-6 Fatty Acids, Vegetable Oil?

If instead of this nightmare of nature, you can use butter, coconut, olive (for salads) oils, which are produced without the use of chemicals. Which are stable and do not oxidize even when heated. Which do not contain huge amounts of Omega-6 fatty acids, wreaking havoc on our normal Omega-3:Omega-6 balance.

Why do most people still believe that if an oil is called vegetable, it automatically means that it is healthy?

I sincerely hope that for most of you, the Vegetable Oil process will finally open your eyes to the terrible truth and make you prefer natural, stable fats.

About Natural, Healthy Replacement Alternatives vegetable oil my post . Well, read about why Butter wins on all points over Vegetable Oil .

The business idea for the production of sunflower oil is based on the oil mill. From the position of investment among professionals, the idea has not lost its popularity, it is still in demand and profitable.

However, for many, the issue of income in this area is quite controversial, which is in vain. Let's take a closer look, so as not to rely on the opinions of the majority, but to base our own conclusions on specific figures and facts.

In this business, you can't get enough of butter alone. Profit from its implementation is hardly enough to reach the level of cost. But we must not forget about the additional products obtained from the oil mill, which bring a significant net profit.

Vegetable oil production equipment

The production of vegetable oil at home is limited by financial resources. This type of business is attractive due to its flexibility of rapid development. You can start with a minimal production hall and then expand it with additional equipment for the production of by-products. Thus, the assortment is expanding, and profits are growing in progression. A full-fledged plant for the production of vegetable oil should be WASTE-FREE!

The minimum equipment of the line consists of the following equipment:

By and large, these two components are already quite enough to produce and sell 2 products: good sunflower oil and meal. By the way, oilseed meal is widely used for feeding animals and birds in agriculture. Therefore, it sells much faster than the main product. In addition, it is much more at the output of processed raw materials - 65%.

But if you plan to earn more, then you should think about expanding production. Additional technological equipment for the production of vegetable oils allows us to obtain several products at once from one oil mill:

1. Sunflower oil raw.
2. Fried sunflower oil.
3. Oil technical drying oil.
4. Top circles.
5. Shrot.
6. Fuze biochar.
7. Briquettes biofuel from husks.

The oil mill, even at home, can produce 7 types of products with the necessary equipment. It is worth paying attention to other business benefits.

Storage of vegetable oil in production does not require special conditions. A dry room, protected from sunlight, with an air temperature ranging from +5 to +15 degrees, can store unrefined products for 5 months.

You can use different raw materials for the production of vegetable oils. For example, seeds: sunflower, soybean, flax, pumpkin and many other oilseeds. This advantage also has a positive effect on expanding the range and increasing sales. It is possible to re-profile the business for other products without upgrading the line.

Technology for the production of vegetable oils by pressing

Technological scheme of production:

The technological line for the production of vegetable oil is equipped with:

• Separator for coarse and fine cleaning of grain and seeds.
• Shelling machine for sunflower seeds and other oilseeds.
• Oil press twin screw extruder with oilseed heating elements up to +50C (for a quick start).
• Filter for purification of vegetable oils from fuse (food).
• Press for wringing out the fuse (fuzodavka).
• Press for forming cake circles.
• Press for briquetting sunflower husks and other seeds.
• Auxiliary inventory, structures and devices: bunker; pneumatic loader; weight; buckets, shovels, etc.

We will conduct a simple training workshop on the technology of production of vegetable oils.

Waste-free production by cold pressing during pressing takes place in several successive stages:

1. Coarse cleaning of oilseeds (raw materials). From coarse impurities that can damage technological equipment (stones, wire, etc.).
2. Fine cleaning of raw materials. From small premiums that can affect product quality (dust, weed seeds, etc.).
3. Desquamation of the seed coat. This process is carried out immediately before cold pressing. In the non-waste production of vegetable oil, husks are used for biofuel, and kernels are used for oil and cake. The shell of oilseeds can be removed on various types of equipment in a different way: wiping the shell on a specially corrugated surface; shell splitting by impact; pressure compression.
4. Pressing kernels through a screw oil press in order to obtain oil and cake. At this stage, we get 2 semi-finished products.
5. Filtration. The process of filtering the crude product obtained only from the press takes place with the help of filters based on filter fabrics. For example - lavsan. Under air pressure, the liquid hits the surface of the fabric and passes through it, leaving a fuse on the surface.
6. Fuze extraction. The fuz itself obtained after filtering with lavsan contains 80% fat. It is rational to squeeze it out as well. The production of vegetable oils by pressing at this stage ends. Further by-products are produced.
7. Hot pressing of cake. Makukha is best pressed immediately upon exiting the oil press, while it has still retained its temperature from pressure.
8. Briquetting. In order to profitably and quickly sell the husk from seeds, it is necessary to produce a demanded product from them - biofuel. Naturally, this process will require special equipment.

As for the organization of labor in production on such a line, everything here depends on the loading of the workshop with raw materials for processing and the timing. If the load is minimal (for example, 1 ton per day), then even 1 worker is enough. Once the market for all types of goods produced at the oil mill is established, additional labor will be needed to meet deadlines with good production volumes.

Wastes from the production of vegetable oil and their use

A home churn for the production of sunflower oil pays off faster if all its advantages are used rationally. The relevance of waste management should not be underestimated.

At the exit from the oil press, we get unrefined vegetable oil and black in color. It should either be defended or filtered out in a special way from the fuse.

Foose are small particles of husk and cake with a high content of residues of the produced product, which remains after filtration. A fabric filter is considered to be the best method for removing fuse. You should not spare money on the filter, and then it will qualitatively clean the product and prepare it for presentation. When the oil is cleared, the collected fuse can be pressed through the fuzodavka. From it we can still get 20% bio-charcoal + 80% vegetable oil. The processed fuz is further turned into stone, which, in turn, is used as fuel for boilers.

Don't miss the fuzodavka operation, as negligent businessmen do! After all, some firms buy waste from vegetable oil production enterprises very cheaply in order to then squeeze out all the profit from them.

So, a business idea can become an almost waste-free process. You will receive not only a high-quality product, which will not fall in demand at any time of the year, but also a unique fuel and good cake.

Oil mill profitability

So, raw materials for manufacturing (sunflower seeds) cost about 500 dollars (about 480), if we talk about a ton. After the raw materials are processed, about 350 kg of sunflower oil can be obtained from this amount (yield 35%). One liter is easy to sell for one and a half dollars. Thus, for 350 kg, as a result, 525 dollars will come out. 525 - 480 = $45 profit. Of course, $45 per ton is not a big amount. But do not forget that during production, you can earn money on another product - on the top (meal).

Makukha, by the way, is no less a hot commodity than the oil itself. Upon receipt of 350 kg of the main product, the meal will be 650 kg. Most often, meal is bought in whole bags, and not per kilogram, so it will be sold much faster. Makukha is sold out at $0.4 per 1 kg. So, if you multiply 650 kg. by $0.4, the amount will be $260. Given these numbers, the business idea becomes much more interesting.

It is known that the world volume of the sunflower oil market today is about 10 million tons, and its stable and fairly rapid growth is observed.

The volume of the Russian market is about 2-2.2 million tons, with an increase of about 3% per year, or in value terms - about 82 billion rubles. It is easy to guess that not the entire volume of sunflower oil is produced by corporations and other large producers: about 40-45% of the oil is produced by medium-sized and even small producers, up to farms.

This is explained simply: the cost of entering the market is low, the volume of production depends only on how much raw material a newly opened enterprise can afford to process, and the sales market is practically unlimited: even if there are no regional buyers for the volume of oil produced, it is simply sent for border (mainly to Turkey and Europe), where it is bought very willingly. Although such cases are more an exception than a rule: sunflower oil, in addition to cooking proper, is also used in many other sectors of the economy - for example, in canning, soap making, the paint and varnish industry (it is known that drying oil is made from it) and even in cosmetics and medical industry, where it acts as the basis or component of various creams and ointments. So it is not difficult to find a buyer for sunflower oil.

In addition, the production of sunflower oil is waste-free. The fact is that in the process of its production from sunflower seeds, accompanying materials are also formed - sunflower husks (husks, seed shells), separated in the process of hulling when preparing them for oil extraction, are classified as returnable waste - they are sold to brick factories and enterprises for the production pellet, as well as some other specific needs; by-products include cake and meal - very liquid feed products that require some processing (pressing into briquettes, etc.) before being sold.

Of course, related materials are sold without reducing the cost of the oil itself; Moreover, in accounting, sales costs, transportation costs for the shipment of by-products and production waste are directly related to the cost of sunflower oil sold, which helps to optimize the tax base of the enterprise.

Technology and equipment for the production of sunflower oil

As you know, sunflower oil is divided into two global groups - refined and unrefined oils. Their difference is in the degree of purification. Refined oil is refined technologically, usually by sedimentation, centrifugation, filtration, sulfuric acid and alkaline refining, hydration, bleaching, deodorization and freezing in any combination of these methods. Unrefined oil is purified exclusively by mechanical filtration.

The specifics of the modern production of sunflower oil is such that at the same oil extraction plant it is possible to produce almost any of the 7 existing (i.e. listed in the relevant standard - GOST R 52465-2005) types.

In general, the technology for the production of sunflower oil is as follows. At the first stage, sunflower seeds are separated from impurities that differ in size and aerodynamic properties, as well as metal impurities with magnetic properties.

This happens in special separators, the cost of which is 42-45 thousand rubles. (1360-1460 dollars) per unit - the productivity of one separator is about 1 ton (1000 kg) of raw materials per hour. At the second stage of cleaning, sunflower seeds are separated from the husks in special blower machines.

The process is called destruction, but the equipment for its production will cost 77 thousand rubles. (about $ 3,000) per unit - one machine processes, like a separator, 1,000 kg of raw materials per hour, so the number of winch machines and separators is the same, and their total capacity must correspond to the capacity of the oil extraction line as a whole: usually one line is served simultaneously by several bundles "separator - rushalno-winning machine", fed from a single bunker (it is called "bunker bunker") with the help of several transportation (the so-called "screw conveyor") lines.

After processing on a separator and in a blower, peeled sunflower seeds are fed to a roller machine designed for grinding seed kernels. Actually, the power of the roller machine is the input (i.e., in terms of raw materials) power of the line as a whole.

The cost of such machines varies greatly depending on the power, and it makes no sense to list them all. For the purposes of this article, we can name the cost of units comparable in terms of power in order to give readers an idea of ​​​​the order of prices for them.

So, a roller machine with an input power of 800 kg per hour (i.e. comparable to a separator and a 1000 kg puller and winch machine - the output of useful substances from them, i.e. sunflower kernels, in other words, the output power and will be approximately 0 .8 tons) will cost about 425 thousand rubles. or $13,800; a machine with an input capacity of about 4200 kg per hour, that is, comparable to 5-6 bundles of "separator - rush-and-rolling machine" costs about 1120 thousand rubles, or 36450 dollars.

Factories equipped with machines of the second type fall into the category of "medium" enterprises - after all, even by simply multiplying productivity by working hours, it is not difficult to find out their "input" capacity - 40-48 tons per day (under the condition of one-shift work, although the specifics of production are such that in harvest season, it can be three-shift, i.e. around the clock), and this is a harvest from 16-19 hectares.

The sunflower seeds (also called mint) are ground by means of rollers and transported to the roaster. Braziers are of two types - fire and steam. The difference, as you might guess, is in the difference in the types of processing of ground seeds.

Fire braziers are essentially large frying pans, or more accurately, cauldrons; heating and frying in them is carried out using gas burners. Steam, on the other hand, process mint with the help of steam, which is obtained, as a rule, again by heating water with the energy of a burning gas.

The first type of roasters are much cheaper than the second - they cost about 83 thousand rubles, or a little less than $ 3,000, but their productivity is 300-350 kg of mint per cycle, that is, 2-3 roasters will have to be used to load the line at full capacity.

A steam brazier with a capacity of 800 kg per hour (that is, the corresponding power of a “single” line as a whole) will cost about 350 thousand rubles. or 11.5 thousand dollars. In addition, there are also steam braziers not for frying, but only for heat treatment of seeds - this technology allows you to save a little time and get the so-called. cold-pressed oil - without the specific smell of roasted sunflower seeds.

A brazier of this type will cost about 440 thousand rubles, or just over 14 thousand dollars. By performance, it will also correspond to a "single" line, i.e. process 1000 kg of meat per hour.

In principle, there is a cold pressing technology without the use of expensive heating equipment. However, without heating, the extraction of oil is significantly reduced - in this case, the investment will pay for itself quite quickly, given the volume of production.

The next unit, the screw press, is actually designed to extract oil from the kernels of sunflower seeds that have passed or have not undergone moisture-thermal treatment (such a mass is called “pulp”).

The productivity of squeezing machines of the "middle" class, that is, designed for small and medium-sized industries, is 15-25 tons per day, their cost is 650-860 thousand rubles, or 21.1-28 thousand dollars, respectively.

The oil from the press is cooled and settled, and then passes through a special filter designed for primary purification from mechanical impurities. The cost of such a filter is about 95 thousand rubles. or 3070 dollars.

In principle, the resulting oil does not need further purification, however, at some enterprises, the use of other filters is also practiced.

The performance of one filter of this type is 160 kg of oil per hour, taking into account the average oil content of sunflower - from 33 to 57%, i.e. 330-570 filters are obtained from 1 ton of mint or pulp (and taking into account the remaining 8-9 to 11-14% of oil in the cake, on average - 260-270 kg of oil) filters are usually used 2-3 pieces.

The resulting oil is called "raw" - the cake remaining after pressing can be sold as a valuable agricultural raw material, or can be subjected to additional extraction.

The second method of obtaining sunflower oil is called extraction. In contrast to the press method described above, the oil yield increases up to 2% of the residue from the available sunflower seeds.

Usually, both methods are used in modern enterprises - as a rule, after pressing, the cake immediately enters the extractor - a special machine where the residual oil is dissolved. Various specific substances are used as solvents - extraction gasoline, hexane, acetone, dichloroethane, etc.

After the second pressing, a fat-free (up to 2-5% oil content) material is obtained that is used as feed for farm animals - meal - and a solution of oil in a solvent (the so-called miscella). Miscella oil is obtained by refining, which can be produced by different methods. The cost of the relevant equipment is from about 520 thousand rubles. or $16,770 at a capacity of 500 kg of oil per hour.

Ready sunflower oil is poured into various containers: from iron barrels with a volume of 200 liters to plastic bottles from 0.5 to 5 liters. Of course, oil in barrels is much less valued than bottled oil, therefore (if, of course, the plant produces not technical, but edible oil), you should also purchase the appropriate equipment: equipment kits for bottling sunflower oil into plastic bottles (with a capacity of 3600 liters per 8-hour shift) will cost about 405 thousand rubles. or just over 13 thousand dollars.

Requirements for personnel and premises in the production of sunflower oil

A big disadvantage of sunflower oil production is the requirement for sufficiently large production and storage facilities. The total area of ​​production shops for a plant with a capacity of 50 tons of sunflower seeds per shift is about 2000 sq. m. In general, the statistical norm is the presence of approximately 40 square meters. m per ton of raw materials processed per shift. That is, if the capacity of the plant is 10 tons, then 400 sq. m, and if 25, then 1000.

But the warehouse should be even larger - after all, 1-1.5 months is considered the norm of production reserves, and the specificity of storing sunflower seeds is such that its tamping with too thick a layer is prohibited. In total, storage facilities on average turn out to be twice as large as production facilities, and in the described case it is no less than 4000 sq.m.

In addition, for the storage of cake or meal, a warehouse is required to be half as large as for raw materials, and for the finished product itself, a warehouse is approximately equal to 3/4 of the production premises. In total, we get warehouse space for another 2000 + 1500, and in total - 3500 square meters. m.

The husk can be stored in bulk on the street under weight or even in the open air, if climatic conditions allow, however, in order for it not to block, for example, the passage of cars, but to be available for loading and unloading for sale, it should be allocated a separate area of ​​about 10 15 acres.

As you can see, it is rather difficult to find the appropriate premises, however, new technologies for the construction of frame structures such as hangars can solve issues, at least storage.

But it’s a little easier with the staff: out of about 50 shift workers, special education and training (in this case, in the specialties 260100 “Technology of food products”, 260400 “Technology of fats”, 260401 “Technology of fats, essential oils and perfumery and cosmetic products”, 260402 "Technology of fats and fat substitutes", 260600 "Food engineering", 260601 "Machines and apparatus for food production" and 260602 "Food engineering of small enterprises" according to OKSO) should have only 8-10 people - technologists and craftsmen.

The rest of the workers can be recruited on the principle of integrity and the absence of bad habits - production is considered a fire hazard. The total wage fund, taking into account the unified social tax, will not exceed 700-750 thousand rubles.

Profitability and payback of sunflower oil production

The profitability of sunflower oil production is not so easy to calculate: it strongly depends on the quality of the feedstock (oil content, moisture content), the technology used (cold pressing, extraction, etc.) and seasonality. The peak of production and, as a result, the supply of sunflower oil is October-December. And the peak of demand is the end of summer - the beginning of autumn.

However, the overall figures are as follows. An average oil extraction plant processes 50 tons of sunflower seeds per day. The average oil content of sunflower (by different quality of raw materials and varieties) is about 45%, and up to 5% is accounted for by related products - meal and technological losses, and about 20% of the seed weight is husk - shell.

So, out of 50 tons of sunflower seeds, 40 tons of kernels will be obtained, and of them, at best, 16 tons of oil, plus 24 tons of meal and 10 tons of husks.

16 tons of oil is 17.3-17.4 thousand liters of oil. For ease of calculation, all oil will be considered refined deodorized. Considering the selling wholesale price of oil at the level of 35 rubles. per liter, we get a gross profit of 605-609, rounded - 600 thousand rubles. This is just oil. Sunflower husk at a price of about 900 rubles. per ton will bring another 90 thousand rubles, and meal (at the lowest price - 1.5 thousand rubles per ton) - plus 36 thousand rubles. The total gross income is at least 725 thousand rubles. From him we will repel.

The cost of a ton of oilseed sunflower of normal quality is about 12 thousand rubles, and therefore, for a working shift of raw materials, 600 thousand rubles will be required. Thus, the net profit (excluding associated costs) is 125 thousand rubles, and the profitability is about 20%.

Profit for the month (counting 24 working days on a 1-shift scheme) will be equal to 3 million rubles, and minus the wage fund and taxes, as well as the cost of paying utility bills - about 1.8-2 million rubles.

Watch a video about the production of vegetable oil:

The main goal of entrepreneurial activity is to make a profit with relatively small investments. The production of vegetable oils as a business idea is the best fit for a businessman who wants to open his own business in a sought-after area.

Vegetable oil production as a business strategy

In Russia, about 50% of oil is produced at medium or even small (home) enterprises and factories. This statistic is due to the small costs of the entrepreneur in the early stages of running a business for the production of oils of vegetable origin and a quick payback. Volumes can be limited only by the amount of raw materials that the firm can buy.

How profitable is it today to invest your capital in the production of vegetable oil? What equipment will be needed at the initial stage of production and how much will it cost?

About the production of vegetable oil

Vegetable oil in our time, without exaggeration, can be attributed to essential products. Almost no dish can be cooked without using enough vegetable oil. But cooking is far from the only consumer of vegetable oils. They are indispensable in the production of:

• canned food (from vegetable and fruit to fish and meat),
• soap,
• repair paints,
• medicines (creams, ointments),
• cosmetics (creams, lotions, powders, lipsticks).

Vegetable oil is called because it is made from leaves, seeds, nuts or fruits of various kinds of plants: olives, corn, sunflower or flax seeds, cedar or macadamia nuts. There is also animal fat obtained from the organs of any animal or fish: goat, goose, cow, bear, badger, fish, whale.

Depending on the raw material, vegetable oil is divided into:

• linen,
• mustard,
• corn,
• olive,
• sunflower, etc.

Oil can be solid or liquid.

Varieties of vegetable oils depend on the raw materials from which they are made.

Based on the purification method, such types of vegetable oils are distinguished as:

• unrefined (mechanically cleaned) have a characteristic natural smell and taste, as well as a light yellow tint;
• refined (mechanically purified, hydrated and neutralized) have the same characteristic natural smell and taste, but less pronounced color;
• refined deodorized (completely purified, odorless and tasteless).

The type of cleaning chosen will depend on the chemical and physical properties of the oil.

The degree of refining also affects the appearance of the final product. There are 6 degrees in total: the higher the degree, the cleaner and, accordingly, lighter the result.

Sunflower is a well-known source of vegetable oil. The most popular sales market in Russia has always been and still is the production and sale of sunflower oil. It can be obtained by cold or hot pressing. Hot pressing leaves the taste of raw materials (in this case, roasted sunflower seeds), and cold pressing more levels out such indicators.

Vegetable oil production process

Technology for the production of vegetable oil from sunflower seeds rather complex process, which is divided into several main stages:

1. Purification of raw materials (sunflower seeds) from impurities (husks, sand, earth, leaves, stems). A separator is used (cost up to 45 thousand rubles).
2. Winnowing to remove light debris and dry seeds. The crushing and winching equipment is used (up to 75 thousand rubles).
3. Cleaning from its own husk (black shell), further grinding to the state of an oily slurry. A roller machine is used (from 430 thousand rubles).
4. Heating in steam or fire braziers up to 1100°C. Fire (up to 83 thousand rubles) and steam (up to 350 thousand rubles) braziers are used.
5. Extraction of raw materials and separation of cake (meatka) from oily liquid. The cake is sent for re-pressing. A screw press is used (from 650 thousand rubles).
6. Primary filtration of oily liquid from cake residues. Specialized filtering equipment is used (about 95 thousand rubles).
7. At an additional stage, the composition can be subjected to several stages of filtration, as well as to make it refined, bleached and deodorized (remove odors). At the final stage of pressing, the oil itself and the cake remain, which still contains about 10% of the oil of its entire mass. At further additional stages, the manufacturer seeks to extract the maximum possible residues of the oil composition from the cake.
8. Extraction (another additional step) is the soaking of residues (cake) in solvents (acetone, gasoline, hexane), which makes it possible to obtain at least 7% oil from 10%. An extractor is used (from 520 thousand rubles). It is considered a less environmentally friendly, but more economical way to obtain raw materials.
9. The finished product is poured into containers. They use a pouring device (from 400 thousand rubles).

Brief scheme of vegetable oil production technology

Companies specializing in oilseed production can use only one of the methods (pressing or extraction) or use both in turn.

The production of sunflower oil is a waste-free procedure, because the residues formed throughout the extraction can be reused for other purposes. After extraction, almost completely defatted cake (meal) and oil residues in solvents (miscella) remain. For example, meal is completed and sent to farms for breeding large and small livestock: there, pomace is added as a nutritional supplement to animal feed. And the miscella becomes the basis for paints and varnishes (linseed oil) for repairs. In addition, the cake can be squeezed out again and get fuz - biofuel for boiler installations.

Is it necessary to refine the finished product? In general, after primary filtration (stage VI), the oil is already ready for bottling into packaging containers. However, such a product is called “raw”, since it still contains unnecessary protein compounds, fatty acids, dyes, phospholipids and wax, therefore, to improve the quality of the final result, it is possible and even necessary to carry out secondary filtration, or refining. There are the following refining methods:

• physical (centrifugation, settling),
• chemical (alkaline refining, hydration),
• physical and chemical (deodorization, bleaching).

Conditions for the production of vegetable oil

The production of sunflower oil is a very profitable enterprise. At the same time, the niche is quite densely occupied by already competitive manufacturers who have been able to stay afloat for several years now. If a businessman still wants to invest in this kind of enterprise, then he should weigh all the pros and cons well so that his business does not become unprofitable even at the stage of formation.

Vegetable oil can be produced: in factories, mini-workshops, small oil mills and at home.

manufacturer requirements

The future entrepreneur who associates himself with the sunflower oil business must meet some requirements:

• have a legal status (best of all, the founder of an LLC and an agricultural producer who receive tax advantages and benefits from the state),
• have experience in selling retail products,
• have relationships with suppliers and markets.

In the case when an entrepreneur does not yet meet these minimum conditions, it makes sense to start producing rare types of oil (coconut, avocado) and sell it to friends or small shops.

Vegetable Oil Filtration Equipment

Requirements for the premises

The basic requirements for the premises depend on the volume of production. If a businessman wants to set up a serious production of oil from vegetable raw materials, he will need the appropriate premises. It should be:

• area from 1500 sq m,
• divided into several sections (production, a warehouse for storing imported raw materials, a warehouse for storing finished products),
• equipped with communication networks (electricity, water supply, sewerage),
• safe (protected from spontaneous combustion, with fire extinguishing means),
• comply with sanitary standards.

If oil is produced not on an industrial scale, but in an oil mill, then the premises can be rented with an area of ​​up to 150 sq. m.

For home spinning, the use of a room is acceptable.

equipment requirements

Today, almost every production process is automated. The production of vegetable oil will not be an exception. In the subheading describing the technologies for the production of vegetable oil from sunflower seeds, the necessary equipment and its approximate cost for setting up large-scale production have already been described in more detail. Summarizing, we can add that the whole process from the point of view of the hardware component will look like this:

1. Devices for production (from 2 million rubles).
2. Devices for refining (from 2100 thousand rubles).
3. Packaging devices (from 2200 thousand rubles).

Thus, the cost of equipping a mini-workshop for the manufacture of a vegetable-pressed product will amount to about 6,300 thousand rubles.

For an oil mill, it will be enough to purchase a screw oil press and a packaging machine.

Personnel Requirements

A serious oil mill is often fully automated. Yet still workers are needed who will monitor the production technology and make timely adjustments. What kind of personnel is needed for the production of vegetable oils?

• workers with specialized technological and chemical education (foremen, technologists, engineers, chemists),
• civilian workers without bad habits (loaders, cleaners).

For large-scale production, up to 50 people are required for the workshop, it will be enough to hire 7 people for the oil mill.

In custody

The production of vegetable oil is a relatively inexpensive and profitable enterprise. But the instability of the final result and the lack of a quality certificate greatly narrow the sales markets in large retail chains and stores. Still, a home oil mill or mini-workshop will be a good start to start a business with a further expansion to the factory.

In the total volume of the world sunflower oil market, which is about 10 million tons, Russian production occupies a fifth. In other words, the production of vegetable oil in our country produces about 2.2 million tons of this product. Sunflower oil is supplied to the domestic market not only by large enterprises. On the contrary, about half of the total volume is produced in small and medium-sized industries.

Even by the standards of a small farm, the threshold for entering this business is low. There are also no problems with the sale of the product. If you can not sell the entire volume produced in your region, then the possibilities for export are almost unlimited. Consumers of sunflower oil are not only the population and the food industry. This product is used in the cosmetic, medical and paint industries. Another positive side of production is its zero waste. After pressing the oil, waste remains that are used to feed livestock, they can be used to make fuel pallets and so on.

The process of making sunflower oil

The sunflower oil production technology is presented below in the form of a table.

According to the degree of purification, sunflower oil is divided into refined and unrefined. The last type is a mechanically cleaned product. Refined oil can be refined in several ways:

• settling;
• filtration;
• centrifugation;
• deodorization.

The state standard GOST R 52465-2005 contains a list of seven types of product.

How much does oil making equipment cost?

Modern equipment for the production of sunflower oil allows you to produce everything at one plant. Separators for cleaning raw materials from debris cost about $ 1,500. In an hour, such an apparatus allows preparing 1000 kg of raw materials for cleaning.

The cleaning procedure is also called destruction. The car for this stage costs 3 thousand dollars. Its power should be the same as that of the separator. Therefore, these two units must process an equal amount of raw material in the same time. The number of pairs of these units must satisfy the demand for raw materials of the main pressing line. After the collapse, all products enter one bunker. From there, it is transferred to the extraction site along the conveyor. It starts with a rolling mill. On this equipment, the seed kernels are ground. Its cost depends directly on the power. For example, a unit capable of processing 800 kg of raw materials per hour costs 13.8 thousand dollars. If you need to combine it with several separators and winch machines, then the price will start from 36 thousand dollars.

The line capacity is up to 12 tons/day, the cost is 1,930,000 rubles.

Enterprises that are equipped with the latest type of equipment are able to process up to 48 tons of raw materials per day. This amount of sunflower can be harvested from 19 hectares of land. Usually the plant works in one-shift mode, but continuous production can be organized during the season.

After grinding, the raw material enters the braziers. They are divided into two types according to the method of heating: steam and fire. Both for the first and for the second method gas burners are used. Only in the first case, water is heated and steam is formed, and in the second, the surface of a large boiler with raw materials is heated according to the principle of a frying pan. The steam roasting method makes it possible to obtain an oil that does not have the specific smell of roasted sunflower seeds. Such equipment, capable of frying 800 kg of raw materials per hour, costs from 11.5 thousand dollars.

If you use cold pressing technology, you can eliminate the heating equipment. However, the oil yield will be much less. Then the raw material goes to the squeezing machine. They cost about 20-28 thousand dollars and are able to pass through the extraction up to 25 tons of raw materials per day. After the press, the oil is defended for some time. All impurities are precipitated, and the product is driven through special filters. Their price starts from 3 thousand dollars. One filter can purify 160 kg of oil per hour.

Sunflower oil production as a business.

The extraction method for obtaining the product makes it possible to increase its yield by 2%. At the factory, two methods can be combined. Oil is usually obtained from waste after pressing. The final cake is called meal and is used to feed livestock. The bottling line costs $13,000. It allows pouring 3600 liters of sunflower oil in one shift.

This business will be especially profitable in those farms where they grow sunflower on their own. But it can also be considered as a separate production. Then you need to take care not only about the sale of finished products, but also about the purchase of raw materials in the required quantities.

Step by step plan to start a business

In order not to lose capital investments when opening a business for the production of sunflower oil, a detailed analysis of the market in the region where it will be produced is carried out. Then the scheme of action, as for any production, is identical:
registration and purchase of equipment;
purchase of raw materials and hiring of personnel;
search for distribution channels for finished goods ...

How much can you earn

This business can be said to be non-waste. Here, earnings include not only the sale of sunflower oil itself, but also husks and meal. The cost of 1 liter is 35 rubles. Meal can be sold for 1.5 thousand rubles, and husk at a price of 9 thousand rubles per ton. If you properly establish production, then the monthly income will be about 3,000,000 rubles. Minus the costs, we get a net profit of 2 million rubles.

How to choose equipment

For the full operation of production facilities, you will need to purchase:
oil press and roaster for seeds;
oil filter and separator.

What OKVED must be specified for the production of sunflower oil

When choosing a code, we look at chapter C - processing production. It contains a separate code that directly relates to the production of oils and fats - 10.41. It is he who is indicated in all the necessary documents.

What documents are needed to open

The list of required documents is standard. Best of all, when opening a mini-production, register as an individual entrepreneur (application and state duty, registration and a photocopy of the passport - all the documents that must be provided). For legal entities, the list of documents is somewhat expanded. Additionally provided: Charter and decision of shareholders, information about the presence of a legal address, as well as about the director of the company and the chief accountant of the company.

What taxation system to choose for the production of sunflower oil

Simplification will be the best option when choosing a taxation system. With it, the businessman will pay a tax amount equal to 6% of the total profit. Alternatively, when providing documents confirming expenses, 15% of the net profit is paid.

Do I need permission to open

In cases of starting production at home, obtaining permits is not required. If a mini-production is opened, then in advance it is necessary to think about obtaining permits from the sanitary and epidemiological station and the fire inspection.