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June 2 marks 10 years since the world-famous Russian ophthalmologist Svyatoslav Fedorov died in a plane crash.
Ophthalmologist Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov was born on August 8, 1927. in the city of Proskurov (now the city of Khmelnitsky) in Ukraine in the family of the commander of a Red Army division. His father was repressed in 1938 and sentenced to 17 years in the camps.
In 1942, the family was evacuated to Armenia. After graduating from school in 1943, Svyatoslav Fedorov entered the Yerevan Preparatory Artillery School. In 1944 he was transferred to the 11th Preparatory School of the Air Force, but was unable to complete his studies because in 1945 he lost his foot as a result of an accident. Then he decided to devote himself to medicine.
In 1952 Svyatoslav Fedorov (RMI). In 1957 he graduated from clinical residency. In 1958 he defended his candidate's dissertation, in 1967 - his doctoral dissertation.
He worked as a doctor in the village of Veshenskaya, Rostov region and the city of Lysva, Sverdlovsk region. Since 1958, Fedorov headed the clinical department at the Cheboksary branch of the State Institute of Eye Diseases named after. Helmholtz.
In 1960, Svyatoslav Fedorov created an artificial lens and performed an experimental operation of artificial lens implantation. These operations were declared "unscientific" and Fedorov was fired. After the publication in Izvestia of Anatoly Agranovsky’s correspondence about the results of implanting an artificial lens, he was reinstated at work.
In 1961-1967 worked as head of the department of eye diseases at the Arkhangelsk Medical Institute.
In 1967, Svyatoslav Fedorov was transferred to Moscow and headed the department of eye diseases and the laboratory for artificial lens implantation at the 3rd Medical Institute.
In 1972, Fedorov performed the first operation, which marked the beginning of a new direction in ophthalmology - refractive surgery.
In 1973, Fedorov was the first in the world to develop and perform operations to treat glaucoma in the early stages. In 1974, he created a unique surgical technique for the treatment and correction of myopia.
In 1974, the laboratory headed by Svyatoslav Fedorov was separated from the 3rd Medical Institute and was named the Moscow Research Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Eye Surgery of the Ministry of Health of the RSFSR.
In 1974, a laser surgery department was created in the laboratory, which was later transformed into the Laser Surgery Center. Under the leadership of Svyatoslav Fedorov, several generations of domestic infrared lasers for refractive surgery were developed.
In 1979, Fedorov, for the first time in world practice, introduced a medical surgical conveyor for eye operations.
In 1979, the Institute of Eye Microsurgery was created on the basis of the laboratory, of which Fedorov became director.
In April 1986, the Interdisciplinary Scientific and Technical Complex "Eye Microsurgery" was created on the basis of the institute. Svyatoslav Fedorov became the general director of the Eye Microsurgery International Scientific and Technical Complex.
The MNTK created by him conducted completely independent economic activities, had a network of branches in the country and abroad, an aircraft specially equipped for operations and a sea vessel - the ophthalmological clinic "Peter the First", sailing in the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean.
In the spring of 1990, Svyatoslav Fedorov received land in the Moscow region for MNTK's subsidiary farming. On October 28, 1992, the closed joint stock company "Protasovo - MG" was registered, which is the legal owner of this land. Svyatoslav Fedorov was elected president of the society.
From February 1991 to 1993, Fedorov was a member of the Supreme Advisory and Coordination Council under the Chairman of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR Boris Yeltsin, later renamed the Supreme Advisory Council (VKS) under the President of the Russian Federation.
In 1989 he was a people's deputy of the USSR; in 1995-1999 - Deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation. In 1996, he took part in the presidential campaign, received more than 699 thousand votes in the first round, and took sixth place out of 11 candidates.
In 1991-1993 Svyatoslav Fedorov participated in the creation of a number of parties and movements and was a member of their governing bodies. In 1995 he created and led the Workers' Self-Government Party (PST).
Fedorov was a full member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS), a full member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (RANS), a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS, since 1991, a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1987).
Svyatoslav Fedorov was the author or co-author of 240 inventions, 260 patents and utility models, 126 foreign patents.
For great services in the field of public health, Svyatoslav Fedorov was awarded the Order of the October Revolution, the Red Banner of Labor, the Badge of Honor, the Order of Lenin and the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. He had the title "Honored Inventor".
For scientific research in the field of ophthalmic surgery, Fedorov was awarded the highest award of the Academy of Sciences - the Lomonosov Gold Medal - and the Prize named after. M.I. Averbakh Academy of Medical Sciences. He was a laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology, as well as a laureate of the Palaeologus Prize (USA), Pericles Prize (Italy).
On June 2, 2000, Svyatoslav Fedorov died as a result of the crash of the MNTK "Eye Microsurgery" helicopter, in which he was returning to Moscow from a trip to Tambov.
On June 2, 2001, at the site of the tragic death of academician Svyatoslav Fedorov in Tushino (Moscow), at the intersection of the Moscow Ring Road and Salome Neris Street, the chapel of the Mother of God of Feodorov was opened. Every year, on the day of memory of the outstanding ophthalmologist, a memorial service is held in the chapel.
The material was prepared based on information from open sources
Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov was born on August 8, 1927 in the city of Proskurov (Khmelnitsky) of the Ukrainian SSR.
In 1938, Fedorov's father, a division commander of the Red Army, was repressed. In 1942, the family was evacuated to Armenia. After graduating from school in 1943, Fedorov entered the Yerevan Preparatory Aviation School, but did not complete his studies (in 1945 he lost his foot as a result of an accident.)
In 1952 he graduated from the Rostov Medical Institute. In 1957 - residency. In 1958 he defended his candidate's dissertation, in 1967 - his doctorate.
1957 - 1958 - doctor in the village of Veshenskaya, Rostov region.
1958 - 1961 - worked at the branch of the State Institute of Eye Diseases named after. Helmholtz in Cheboksary.
1961 - 1967 - Head of the Department of Eye Diseases, Arkhangelsk Medical Institute.
1967 - 1974 - Head of the Department of Eye Diseases and Problem Laboratory of the 3rd Moscow Medical Institute.
1974 - 1979 - Head of the Research Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Surgery of the Ministry of Health of the RSFSR.
1979 - 1986 - Director of the Institute of Eye Microsurgery.
Since 1986 - Director of the Interindustry Scientific and Technical Complex (Interindustry Scientific and Technical Complex) "Eye Microsurgery".
1989 - 1993 - People's Deputy of the USSR. In the Supreme Council he was a member of the Committee on Economic Reform and was a member of the Interregional Deputy Group.
In 1993, he ran for the State Duma on the list of the electoral association "Russian Movement of Democratic Reforms". The association failed to overcome the five percent barrier.
In 1995, he became the founder and leader of the Workers' Self-Government Party. In December, Fedorov’s party failed to get into the State Duma, and he was elected as a deputy in single-mandate district No. 33 (Chuvash Republic). In the State Duma, he served as co-chairman of the parliamentary group “Democracy” and was a member of the Committee on Health Protection.
In June 1996 he ran for the post of President of the Russian Federation. In the first round he took 6th place, receiving 00.92% of the votes.
In 1996, he headed the Chamber of Science, Health, Education and Culture of the Political Advisory Council under the President of the Russian Federation.
In the fall of 1999, on the eve of the elections to the State Duma of the third convocation, together with the leader of the “Union of Democracy and Labor” Andrei Nikolaev, he created the electoral “Bloc of General Andrei Nikolaev, Academician Svyatoslav Fedorov.” At the same time, he ran for the State Duma in the Sheremetyevo single-mandate electoral district No. 205 (Moscow).
In December 1999, the bloc of Nikolaev and Fedorov failed to overcome the five percent barrier. In single-mandate district No. 205, the candidate from the OVR won (Fedorov received 15.99% of the votes).
On June 2, 2000, Svyatoslav Fedorov died as a result of the crash of the MNTK "Eye Microsurgery" helicopter, in which he was returning to Moscow from a trip to Tambov.
Hero of Socialist Labor. Winner of the gold medal named after. M.V. Lomonosov Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Honored Inventor of the USSR. Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS), corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN), full member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (RANS).
Chairman of the Board of "ROSMEDBANK". Member of the Board of Trustees of the Moscow Independent Broadcasting Corporation (MNVK) "TV-6". Member of the Coordination Council of Domestic Producers. Member of the Coordination Council of the Russian Business Round Table association. Member of the International Russian Club.
Has four daughters. Irina is an eye surgeon, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Yulia is an eye surgeon, graduated from a medical institute, Olga is finishing a clinical residency in ophthalmology, Elina is a Spanish philologist, graduated from the Faculty of Philology of Moscow State University
He attracted the attention of even strangers: thick-set, broad-shouldered, with a stiff crew cut of hair, and a tenacious and intelligent gaze. He walked, waddling a little. He made decisions quickly and accurately. It is to Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov that domestic medicine owes a new approach to the treatment of patients, combining the experience of clinicians and the ingenuity of engineers. The first thing, of course, is ophthalmology.
Svyatoslav was born on August 8, 1927 in the small Ukrainian town of Proskurov (now Khmelnitsky). His father, who worked as a blacksmith before the First World War, became a professional military man with the outbreak of hostilities. By the beginning of the 30s, he was already a lieutenant general, commander of a cavalry division stationed in the city of Kamenets-Podolsky. Here Svyatoslav went to first grade.
At the end of 1938, Svyatoslav’s father was arrested as an “enemy of the people.” The Fedorovs - mother and son - moved to Novocherkassk to live with their relatives. With the beginning of the war - evacuation to Tsakhkadzor (Armenia).
In 1943, Svyatoslav entered the artillery school in Yerevan. But, after studying for a year, the guy decides: his destiny is heaven. And he asks for a transfer to a flight school in Rostov-on-Don. The request is fulfilled. The guy is eager to go to the front to beat the Nazis, and there is nothing left before graduation. And then there’s trouble.
On this day, the young cadet was in a hurry to get to class and tried to jump onto a tram that was already leaving the stop. I grabbed the handrail, but... My left foot got under the wheel. At the hospital, his foot and lower third of his leg were amputated. Disabled for life. What kind of sky is this?
But here Fedorov’s character emerged - decisive and uncompromising. Many years later he said:
I consider myself lucky that I lost my leg. If this had not happened, I probably would not have been able to develop in myself an active principle, will, and the ability to go ahead towards my goal.
In 1945, Svyatoslav entered the Rostov Medical Institute. In his final years he specialized in ophthalmology. He performed his first eye surgery while still in internship on March 8, 1951.
The young doctor is sent to the hospital of the famous village of Veshenskaya - where the writer Mikhail Sholokhov, author of “Quiet Don” and “Virgin Soil Upturned,” comes from. Here he proposed to his future wife Lila, whom he had known since his student years.
After graduating from university, Lilya was assigned to the city of Lysva near Perm. The husband went to pick up his wife. In the hospital of this town, he came up with an idea: in case of cataract, remove the nucleus of the lens along with the capsule, which, remaining in the eye, becomes cloudy over time and forces a repeat operation. At the same time, he is studying in absentia at the Rostov Medina residency.
In 1954, after serving 16 years, Svyatoslav’s father was released.
In 1958, Fedorov defended his Ph.D. thesis “Changes in the eye due to a brain tumor.” He is trying to seriously engage in science, studying advanced methods of performing ophthalmic operations. But in Lysva, of course, there is no turning around. Svyatoslav is looking for where he can gain experience, where he can try to realize his ideas.
At this time in Cheboksary, in a branch of the Moscow Research Institute of Eye Diseases named after. Helmholtz, studied cataracts. He asks to work there. And he is invited to come.
Svyatoslav knew that both in the West and in Russia by that time they were already trying to replace the cloudy lens of a cataract with an artificial one. But it turned out badly - the operations led to complications.
Svyatoslav Nikolaevich is looking for a craftsman who would make a lens of the required transparency. And he finds it at the Cheboksary Aggregate Plant. Semyon Yakovlevich Milman, a medical technologist, made a tiny transparent lens.
Soon Fedorov was the first in the USSR to implant an artificial lens under a microscope into 12-year-old Lena Petrova, who had congenital cataracts in both eyes. The girl began to see well in one eye.
It would seem that a unique technology has been developed that can help thousands of patients losing their vision due to cataracts. But, alas... It was suggested by a young doctor from “some kind of place” in Cheboksary. The Fedorov topic is closed.
Fedorov knocks on the doors of various institutions in Moscow to achieve the truth - to prove that his method helps patients.
He also visited the editorial office of the Izvestia newspaper. With a very strange request. Here's how the famous journalist Anatoly Agranovsky would later write about this case:
“...He came to me with an unexpected request. He needed a certificate stating that he, Fedorov, did not ask to write about him, about Fedorov, in the newspaper. Without such a certificate, he believed, he would be finished. All his work is over.
Fedorov then worked in Cheboksary, at a branch of the Helmholtz State Institute of Eye Diseases. There he performed a rare operation, from which all his troubles began... And then an essay appeared in the local newspaper: an innovative doctor, a skilled mechanic, a girl from a Chuvash village - everything was taught in the best possible way. It was republished in one of the central newspapers, where the innovating doctor was mistakenly called the director of the branch, which forever made him the enemy of the actual director...”
After Izvestia published “The Discovery of Doctor Fedorov,” Svyatoslav Nikolaevich was invited to head the department of eye diseases at the Arkhangelsk Medical Institute. Here he began developing better materials for the production of lenses and operated a lot. The results are excellent. He operates on the same girl, Lena Petrova, for cataracts on her second eye. Lena jokes: “Now I’m all artificial.”
In 1967, Fedorov moved to Moscow. A research problem laboratory in ophthalmology is being created at the Department of Eye Diseases of the Moscow Medical Dental Institute. Fedorov's team includes Valery Zakharov, Elza Zakharova, Albina Ivashina and Alexander Kolinko. One of the priority research goals is the creation of an artificial lens. At the same time, doctors-scientists perform operations and treat people.
In 1974, the laboratory became an independent scientific institution. It was called the Moscow Research Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Eye Surgery (MRLEKKhG). And in 1980 it was transformed into the Moscow Research Institute of Eye Microsurgery.
In 1986, on the basis of the research institute, the now famous Interindustry Scientific and Technical Complex (INTK) “Eye Microsurgery” was created. Its branches were opened in 11 major cities of Russia: Irkutsk, Khabarovsk, Yekaterinburg, Kaluga, Krasnodar, Novosibirsk, Orenburg, Volgograd, St. Petersburg, Cheboksary and Tambov. Another five centers have been created abroad. But, Svyatoslav Fedorov believes, this is not enough to help everyone in need. MNTK opens a floating hospital. Mobile operating rooms and ophthalmology rooms are being created.
In 1974, the laboratory officially became an independent institution - the Moscow Research Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Eye Surgery. Patients from all over the Soviet Union begin to come here for help.
By decree of the USSR government of September 11, 1980, MNILEKKHG was reorganized into the Moscow Research Institute of Eye Microsurgery with branches in 11 cities of the USSR: Moscow, Leningrad, Volgograd, Krasnodar, Cheboksary, Novosibirsk, Kaluga, Sverdlovsk, Tambov, Khabarovsk, Irkutsk, Orenburg.
Svyatoslav Nikolaevich revolutionized ophthalmology: from a measured science, he turned it into a bright, rapidly progressing prestigious branch of medicine. Thanks to his achievements, Russia remains one of the leaders in world ophthalmology today.
Fedorov’s motto: “Beautiful eyes for everyone!” restored sight to millions of people.
In 1994, at the International Congress of Ophthalmologists in Canada, Svyatoslav Fedorov was recognized as an outstanding ophthalmologist of the 20th century.
More than 1.5 million successful lens replacement operations have been performed using Fedorov’s method.
But Fedorov did not stop at developing one technology. He created a fundamentally new type of lightweight intraocular lenses, characterized by great plasticity. The artificial cornea model he developed is important in treatment.
Svyatoslav Nikolaevich designed a device - vitreoton, which allows one to achieve good results in the treatment of vitreous opacities, which are caused by injuries, inflammatory processes, and hemorrhages. He became the author of a new theory of the occurrence of open-angle glaucoma, which significantly changed the tactics of early treatment of this disease.
Fedorov became the founder of a unique direction - refractive surgery. He developed surgical methods to stop the development of myopia, astigmatism, and farsightedness, and developed special surgical instruments for performing these operations.
The first office where eye diseases were treated with laser was opened at the Svyatoslav Fedorov Institute.
The first automated operating unit was created at MNTK. In essence, it’s a conveyor belt that made it possible to use equipment and doctors as efficiently as possible. As a result, it was possible to increase the number of operations performed by one surgeon tenfold, and at the same time improve their quality.
But Fedorov did not abandon his dream of heaven. In 2000, he finally received a license to fly a helicopter. Just shortly before this, he bought a Gazelle helicopter made in Yugoslavia. He had 30 hours of flying time at the controls.
...On that day, June 2, 2000, the helicopter was returning to Moscow after the anniversary celebrations on the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the Tambov branch of MNTK. Academician Fedorov was sitting in the co-pilot's seat. Due to technical problems, the helicopter crashed. Svyatoslav Nikolaevich died.
He was buried in the rural cemetery of the village of Rozhdestvenno-Suvorovo, Mytishchi district, 60 km from Moscow.
The choice of location was not accidental. Academician Fedorov loved the Moscow region very much. And next to the village he founded a huge health complex MNTK. In 1989, on his initiative and with funds from the MNTK, the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary was restored in the village of Rozhdestvenno-Suvorovo. The estate of Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov's father was located in this village.
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Great scientists: Svyatoslav Fedorov. Soviet and Russian ophthalmologist, eye microsurgeon, one of the participants in the introduction of radial keratotomy, professor
Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov is an outstanding Russian ophthalmologist who worked in the field of eye microsurgery and was a pioneer in the introduction of radial keratotomy. He was born in Ukraine in 1927. His father, a division commander in the Red Army, was repressed in 1938. The family moved to Armenia. Svyatoslav graduated from school in 1943 and entered the Yerevan Aviation School. As a result of an accident at the age of eighteen, he lost a foot and for that reason did not acquire the profession of a pilot.
Education, scientific and practical activities
S. Fedorov enters the Rostov Medical Institute, which he successfully graduates in 1952. After acquiring the profession of a doctor, he works in his specialty in a small hospital located in the Rostov region. In 1957, Fedorov completed his residency, and in 1958 he successfully defended his Ph.D. thesis. Ten years later S.N. Fedorov is defending his dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences. At this time he worked as a doctor in the small village of Veshenskaya, Rostov region.
From 1958 to 1961 S.N. Fedorov works in the city of Cheboksary. He teaches at the branch of the Institute of Eye Diseases named after. Helmholtz. In 1961, Sergei Nikolaevich was invited to head the department of eye diseases at the Arkhangelsk Medical Institute. In the period from 1967 to 1974, he headed the department of eye diseases, as well as the problem laboratory of the Third Moscow Medical Institute.
From 1974 to 1979, the famous scientist headed the Research Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Surgery, which is subordinated directly to the Ministry of Health of the RSFSR. In 1979, Fedorov was appointed director of the Institute of Eye Microsurgery. He worked in this position until 1986. Since 1986, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich has headed the Interindustry Scientific and Technical Complex, which is called the MNTK “Eye Microsurgery”.
Svyatoslav Nikolaevich is the author of a completely new direction in world ophthalmology - and energy vision correction for myopia, hypermetropia, etc. He dealt with the problem of implantology, treatment, and kerotoprosthetics. His scientific work created a breakthrough in the treatment of optic atrophy. Vitreoretinal and laser eye surgery have become classics of world ophthalmology. In 1994, he was recognized as the outstanding ophthalmic surgeon of the twentieth.
Social and political activities
For the period from 1989 to 1993, S.N. Fedorov was elected People's Deputy of the USSR. He was a member of the Economic Reform Committee of the Supreme Council, and was also a member of the Interregional Deputy Group. Professor Fedorov was actively involved in the public life of the country. He ran for the State Duma in 1993, but the Russian Movement of Democratic Reforms association at that time did not overcome the five percent barrier.
Svyatoslav Nikolaevich begins an independent political career and in 1995 becomes the leader and founder of the Workers' Self-Government Party. But his party did not join the State Duma. He was elected to the State Duma in the Chuvash Republic in single-mandate constituency No. 33. In the State Duma, Fedorov was a member of the Health Protection Committee. He served as co-chairman of the parliamentary group called "People's Power".
In 1996, a well-known politician at that time ran for the post of President of the Russian Federation, however, in the first round he took sixth place. He was invited to the Political Advisory Council, which works under the President of the Russian Federation, where the politician headed the Chamber of Health, Science, Education and Culture. S. Fedorov continues to work on his political career and in 1999, on the eve of the elections to the State Duma, together with the leader of the Union of Democracy and Labor movement Andrei Nikolaev, he created an electoral bloc, but his party was unable to overcome the five percent barrier.
Fedorov traveled a lot around the country, consulting patients and operating. On June 2, 2000, a helicopter crashed on which S. Fedorov was returning from the city of Tambov to the capital. He died in this plane crash. S.N. Fedorov was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor, he is a laureate of the gold medal named after. M.V. Lomonosov Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Svyatoslav Nikolaevich - Honored Inventor of the USSR, Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, was a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and a full member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences.
His public activities were not limited to political projects. S. Fedorov was Chairman of the Board of ROSMEDBANK, a member of the Board of Trustees of the Moscow Independent Broadcasting Corporation TV-6, and a member of the Coordination Council of Domestic Producers. He was a member of the Coordination Council of the Russian Business Round Table association and the International Russian Club.
S. Fedorov's family has four daughters. Irina works as an ophthalmologist-surgeon and is a candidate of medical sciences. Julia also followed in her father's footsteps - she graduated from medical school and works as an eye surgeon. Olga also did not change the family tradition - she is engaged in ophthalmology and is finishing her clinical residency. Elina graduated from the Faculty of Philology of Moscow State University with a degree in Spanish philology.
Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov, one of the outstanding ophthalmologists of our time, was born on August 8, 1927 in Proskurov (now Khmelnitsky) in Ukraine in the family of a Red Army division commander. Russian. His father was repressed in 1938 and sentenced to 17 years in the camps.
After graduating from school, he entered the Yerevan Preparatory Artillery School in 1943. In 1944 he was transferred to the 11th Air Force Preparatory School, but was unable to graduate because in 1945 he lost his foot as a result of an accident. In 1952 he graduated from the Rostov-on-Don Medical Institute (RMI).
In 1958 he defended his candidate's dissertation, in 1967 - his doctorate. He worked as a doctor in the village of Veshenskaya, Rostov region and the city of Lysva, Sverdlovsk region. Since 1958, he headed the clinical department at the Cheboksary branch of the State Institute of Eye Diseases named after. Helmholtz.
In 1958, while working in Cheboksary, he began to solve the most complex problem in medical and social aspects - replacing the clouded lens with an artificial one. After multifaceted experimental studies, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich carried out the first successful implantation of an intraocular lens in the USSR, thereby opening a new direction in science. The following decades proved the promise of his chosen scientific direction. In Russia alone, S. N. Fedorov and his students performed about 1.5 million such operations.
In 1961, S. N. Fedorov headed the Department of Eye Diseases of the Moscow Medical Dental Institute and the problem laboratory for artificial lens implantation.
Now it is difficult to imagine the situation in ophthalmology at that time. Ophthalmologists from different countries, after unsuccessful attempts to use an artificial lens, began to abandon this practice. Congresses of eye surgeons and printed publications were full of speeches harshly criticizing the very idea of the possible use of an artificial lens in surgical practice.
Nevertheless, S. N. Fedorov went against the grain and developed such a surgical technique, such models of artificial lenses that left no stone unturned from the criticism of his opponents. At that time, Fedorov was the only surgeon in the world who gave a presentation at a small conference in Europe about his experience with 200 artificial lenses. Immediately after this, he became the leading surgeon of the International Club of Implantologists and remained so until the end of his days.
The message then revolutionized cataract surgery. Currently, 2 million artificial lenses are implanted in the world per year. If it weren’t for Svyatoslav Nikolaevich’s persistence, today’s science would be at the level of 1975.
Fedorov managed not only to come up with a method of operation and a model of artificial lenses, but also to organize the production of the latter in Moscow. It is known that in stagnant years this took enormous effort. Only thanks to this titanic work, thousands of Soviet citizens were able to be treated in accordance with the most modern technologies, which the Western world had not yet adopted. Svyatoslav Fedorov devotes his entire life to solving problems related to the treatment of cataracts. His brilliant inventions in the field of surgery, new materials, new artificial lenses still excite the whole world.
Since the mid-70s, a group of like-minded people has been gathering around Fedorov. Work begins in all areas of surgery: myopia, farsightedness, astigmatism, glaucoma, cataracts, retinal detachment and much more. Through the efforts of this team, in a short period of time, a huge number of treatment methods and operations have been developed and implemented that have not been used anywhere in the world. During this period, the team introduced operations for myopia, farsightedness, astigmatism and their various combinations into widespread clinical practice. The artificial lens implantation laboratory was transformed into an independent laboratory for experimental and clinical eye surgery, and then into the Research Institute of Eye Microsurgery.
At the same time, S. N. Fedorov was one of the first to introduce operations using lasers, which no one believed in then. In his clinic, the country's first laser surgery department appeared, the arsenal of which was replenished and replenished every year with new laser installations and the most modern operations.
In 1980, on the basis of the Research Institute of Eye Microsurgery, the MNTK “Eye Microsurgery” was created with branches in 11 large industrial cities of Russia, and S. N. Fedorov was appointed general director.
In 1984, the excimer laser was created, which was successfully used in 25,000 operations. The technology of refractive surgery, developed by S. N. Fedorov and widespread in many countries around the world, has allowed more than 12 million people to get rid of glasses, find the joy of work, the happiness of communicating with nature and playing sports.
Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov gave impetus to several fundamental directions at once, without which modern ophthalmology is unthinkable. His fundamental works in the field of implantology, keratoprosthesis, glaucoma, optic atrophy, vitreoretinal and laser surgery have become classics of world ophthalmology.
S. N. Fedorov made a genuine revolution in ophthalmology. From a modest, measured science, he turned it into a bright, rapidly progressing, prestigious branch of medicine. Thanks to his achievements, Russia, even now, in difficult times for it, remains one of the leaders in world ophthalmology. By implementing the principle he formulated, “Beautiful eyes for everyone!”, Svyatoslav Fedorov and his school and associates in different countries have made millions of blind people happy. In 1994, at the International Congress of Ophthalmologists in Canada, S. N. Fedorov was rightfully awarded the highest professional honor: recognized as “an outstanding ophthalmic surgeon of the 20th century.”
He pushed the boundaries of medicine, did not pay attention to anyone’s “don’ts,” took risks—and the risks paid off. Having set himself the task of freeing people from glasses, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich created a fundamentally new, highly effective direction in world ophthalmic surgery - refractive and energy surgery for the correction of myopia, hypermetropia and astigmatism.
MNTK "Eye Microsurgery", under the permanent leadership of Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, has become not only one of the best medical centers in the world, but also a world-famous scientific school, from which hundreds of highly qualified specialists have emerged who have headed ophthalmological institutions in Russia and many countries.
The scientific activity of S. N. Fedorov was never an end in itself and did not contain abstract research. Each step was caused by the organic need to provide the most effective assistance to the patient, to restore high-quality vision to him as quickly as possible. Therefore, it is not surprising that the result of a huge number of scientific studies was the development of an invention. Svyatoslav Nikolaevich is the author of 523 scientific works, 7 monographs, 234 inventions, 108 patents. Under his leadership, 86 candidate and 25 doctoral dissertations were completed and successfully defended.
S. N. Fedorov was Chairman of the Board of the All-Russian Scientific Society of Ophthalmologists, editor-in-chief of the journal “Ophthalmosurgery”, member of the editorial boards of the journals “Bulletin of Ophthalmology” (USA), “American Society of Implantologists”, “Refractive Surgery” (USA), “News of Eye Surgery” (USA), "European Journal of Implantation and Refractive Surgery", President of the International Society of Keratorefractologists, Honorary Member of the International Society of Artificial Lens Implantation, Member of the International Society of Phacoemulsification and Cataract Surgery, Honorary Member of the International Society of Corneoplastic Microsurgery, Member of the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery surgery. For his great services in the field of public health, S. N. Fedorov was awarded the Order of the October Revolution, the Red Banner of Labor, the Badge of Honor, the Order of Lenin and the title “Hero of Socialist Labor”.
For scientific research in the field of ophthalmic surgery, S. N. Fedorov was awarded the highest award of the Academy of Sciences - the Lomonosov Gold Medal - and the Prize named after. M.I. Averbakh Academy of Medical Sciences. He was also a laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology, as well as a laureate of the Palaeologus Prize (USA), Pericles Prize (Italy).
But he was not just a scientist, a brilliant surgeon, a talented organizer, creator, and devotee. He was a brilliant personality whose fame crossed national boundaries. Svyatoslav Fedorov introduced advanced methods of labor organization into medical practice and built the ophthalmological service in the country on principles that proved their viability and promise in the most difficult times of crisis: He is the founder of the one and only Eye Microsurgery Complex in the world, proposed and implemented original and unique organizational innovations: team method of work, rental contract, mobile operating rooms with a diagnostic complex of equipment based on buses, ships, and railway cars; diagnostic and surgical conveyors with extensive use of modern computer technology.
Russia has lost a great son, who gave all his strength, talent, energy for the development of domestic science and the rise of healthcare, an innovator in spirit and way of life, an active humanist by conviction. The great scientist, whose name was associated with the development of priority areas of domestic and world ophthalmology for many decades, has passed away. What he did for medicine, for society as a whole and for each of us cannot be overestimated. For many decades, the name of Svyatoslav Fedorov has been associated with the concept of progress in medicine.
Svyatoslav Fedorov treated people in a way that no one else could. Millions of patients who have had their sight restored in his clinics and given the joy of a full, vibrant life prove this more convincingly than any awards or official titles. He was a multidimensional, multifaceted Personality. Fanatical dedication to his work, irrepressible energy - this is “Fedorov’s style.” He had such energy that he drew everyone around him into the whirlpool of his ideas and plans. A striking character trait of Svyatoslav Nikolaevich was the ability to awaken in people only strong emotions, all feelings except indifference. He knew how to keep his word and bear responsibility, he knew how to enjoy life, even when it gave little reason to do so. His distinguishing features were almost reckless courage (human, professional, civil) and the ability to always remain forward looking. He was a man of an open heart and a generous soul, he loved life and strived to make every second of it fully creative.
The loss that has befallen us is irreplaceable. Talent is continuity of effort. Fedorov was precisely from this breed of people, and this is precisely the secret of his phenomenal rise from a provincial doctor to a world-famous scientist. When a person of such caliber passes away, all of us, without exception, feel orphaned.
He lies in the graveyard in Slavino, on his land, which remembers him. People come and come to his grave - not out of idle curiosity, but at the call of their hearts. Doctors from the “Fedorov school” continue to restore people’s sight in operating rooms across the country. This means that he was able to survive death, as one survives illnesses, and defeat it, as one defeats an enemy. From now on, it has become our direct and sacred duty to develop and continue the Cause that Svyatoslav Fedorov served. Each of us will carefully preserve in our hearts the bright memory of Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov.
BIOGRAPHY
Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov, who glorified the name of Russian medicine throughout the world, is a talented surgeon, the author of many inventions in ophthalmology, including a method of implanting an artificial lens, which he called “Sputnik”, methods of treating myopia, glaucoma, astigmatism, the creator of a huge interdisciplinary scientific and technical complex "Eye Microsurgery" was born on August 8, 1927 in the city of Proskurov (now Khmelnitsky) in Ukraine in the family of Alexandra Danilovna and Nikolai Fedorovich Fedorov. The father, the commander of a cavalry division, was repressed in 1938, sentenced to 17 years in the camps and released in 1954 “due to the lack of evidence of a crime.”
After graduating from school, Slava entered a flight school, but was unable to complete it because... As a result of an accident, his foot was amputated. 
In his youth, Fedorov had one incident that largely determined his attitude towards life and himself. While still a student, he took up swimming. The coach offered to compete for the team - they were missing one person: “You just swim to the finish line, nothing else is required of you - we just need to get the test.” When the start was given, he was the last to jump. I thought: just to swim! He raised his head and there were three people ahead. I overtook one, the other, there was one more left. “And then,” recalled Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, “such anger came over me! Suddenly I wanted to overtake and win. Three hundred meters before the finish I passed the leader and, to my surprise, became the winner. At that moment, for the first time, I understood, deeply felt, that I could do anything. I realized that if a person can overcome himself, then he can overcome any difficulties. It was then, on the banks of the Don, that an invincible confidence in myself and in my capabilities was born in me and remained for the rest of my life. Maybe this quality is the most important thing in my character. Standing on the embankment, not yet dry, I discovered a simple but incredibly important truth: you have to work hard, as they say. Work until you sweat. Only under this condition can you achieve something in life. For me, that victory, albeit modest and insignificant, became the starting point of my whole life. So, paradoxically, no matter how blasphemous it sounds, I consider myself lucky that I lost my leg. If this had not happened, I probably would not have been able to develop such will in myself, the ability not to change my goal under any circumstances.”
Having retained the dream of flying throughout his life, Fedorov chose the profession of medicine. In 1952, he graduated from the Medical Institute in Rostov-on-Don, worked as an ophthalmologist in the village of Veshenskaya (Rostov region), then in Lysva (Perm region), after which he completed graduate school at his institute and defended his Ph.D. dissertation.
During the period 1958 - 1960. Svyatoslav Nikolaevich lived in Cheboksary and worked as the head of the clinical department at a branch of the Moscow Institute of Eye Diseases named after. Helmholtz. Here he created an artificial eye lens made of organic glass and, after numerous experiments on rabbits, for the first time implanted a lens into a patient with congenital cataracts, but the directorate of the institute declared his research unscientific and S. N. Fedorov was fired.
In 1961 - 1967 S. N. Fedorov worked as the head of the department of eye diseases at the Arkhangelsk Medical Institute, and continued active research on the creation of an artificial lens and its implantation.
In 1967, S. N. Fedorov was transferred to Moscow, where he headed the department of eye diseases of the 3rd Moscow Medical Institute and organized a problem laboratory for artificial lens implantation.
On April 11, 1967, S. N. Fedorov, V. arrived in Moscow from Arkhangelsk (from left to right). D. Zakharov, A. I. Ivashina, E. I. Zakharova and A. I. Kolinko. They began work as part of a problem laboratory in ophthalmology at the Department of Eye Diseases of the Dental Institute, located at the Research Institute named after. Helmholtz, in 2 tiny rooms.
In Arkhangelsk, a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences was completed and in 1967 it was defended at the Academic Council in Kazan. The scientific consultant of the work was Tikhon Ivanovich Eroshevsky - Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head. Department of Eye Diseases at Kuibyshev Medical Institute.
Svyatoslav Fedorov and technologist S. Ya. Milman discuss the design of an artificial lens.
Implantation of an IOL (artificial lens) was not recognized by leading ophthalmologists - contemporaries of S. N. Fedorov, with the exception of T. I. Eroshevsky, who constantly supported this idea as vital.
In 1965, the Izvestia newspaper published an article by journalist A. Agranovsky, “The Discovery of Doctor Fedorov.” The publication helped create a problem laboratory and attracted public attention to S. N. Fedorov’s research.
Since 1972, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich has been working on the correction of myopia - the operation “radial keratotomy” is being developed, which has allowed many millions of patients to remove their glasses. To implement this, keratotomy knives with a diamond blade and dosing the depth of the incision were developed, as well as a computer program for calculating the number and depth of incisions on the cornea. In total, more than 3,000 people have improved their vision using this method.
In 1973, S. N. Fedorov developed and performed the world's first operation to treat glaucoma in the early stages. Fedorov's method of deep sclerectomy has received international recognition and has entered into world practice in the treatment of glaucoma. The revolutionary technique was subsequently widely used in the clinic of Svyatoslav Fedorov and its branches, as well as abroad.
In 1974, the laboratory of Svyatoslav Fedorov was separated from the institute.
In 1978, thanks to the scientific achievements of S. N. Fedorov, the problem laboratory was transformed into the world's first Institute of Eye Microsurgery, and in 1979 Svyatoslav Nikolaevich became its director. He began to implement those new organizational management technologies that glorified him no less than scientific discoveries. Among the innovations are a medical surgical conveyor (the operation is carried out by several surgeons, each doing a strictly defined part of it, and the main stage of the operation is performed by the most experienced surgeon), mobile operating rooms based on buses, and more.
S. N. Fedorov and his students and colleagues developed many other operations. Among them are such as non-penetrating deep sclerectomy, keratoprosthesis, treatment of retinal diseases. This made it possible to bring Russian ophthalmology into an advanced, rapidly developing science.
The huge number of patients requiring surgical intervention (400-500 operations per day and 8000-9000 operations per month) required a radical modification of the treatment process. Diagnostic and surgical conveyors were created for the first time.
In the 70s of the last century, despite the achievements of ophthalmological science, there was a progressive increase in blindness and low vision in the country. The low level of ophthalmological care in the regions of Russia and the Soviet Union explained the huge flow of patients to the capital and, in particular, to the eye clinic led by S.N. Fedorov. The small areas of first the 50th hospital, and then the 81st city hospital, could not cope with the flow of people wishing to see better.
In 1986, on the initiative of S. N. Fedorov, the organization of the inter-branch scientific and technical complex “Eye Microsurgery” - “country MNTKovia” - began on the basis of the institute. The rights of MNTK were unprecedented for that time. He had a foreign currency account, could serve foreign clients, independently set the number of employees and their salaries, and also engage in economic activities outside medicine (for example, agriculture). According to S. N. Fedorov’s plan, “the place of treatment for patients had to be brought closer to their place of residence,” for which he proposed to build 11 identical ophthalmological clinics in Russia, equipped with modern diagnostic and surgical equipment, staffed with highly qualified personnel who have completed advanced training courses at the Institute of Eye Microsurgery.
The wildest dreams were first embodied in plans and models of the future institute, and then on the construction sites of the main building, clinic, after-care building and Moscow module. Without exaggeration, the construction of the century began, led by Evsey Iosifovich Lifshits. Svyatoslav Nikolaevich visited the construction site every day and was happy to show it to the guests.
Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov and his students developed the first intraocular lens. Our Sputnik flew around not only the territory of the USSR, but the whole world. Foreign ophthalmologists accepted Sputnik unconditionally, coming to study with us.
But... domestic scientists were firmly convinced that a foreign body can only be removed from the eye, but not implanted into it. At that difficult time, commission after commission came to the institute.
And many years later, after the report of the next commission, the Minister of Health Nikolai Timofeevich Trubilin said the fateful words: “I am ashamed of these walls, which witnessed our shameful past, when at the next board we almost deprived Dr. Fedorov of his medical diploma.” Having received the long-awaited approval of the minister, the team of the Eye Microsurgery Research Institute has developed more than a dozen new IOL models.
During 1987 - 1989 clinics were built in St. Petersburg, Cheboksary, Kaluga, Krasnodar, Volgograd, Orenburg, Yekaterinburg, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Khabarovsk and Tambov, the organization of branches was led by Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov’s associate Alexander Dmitrievich Semenov - honorary citizen of Inzhavino, MD ., professor, full member of the Laser Academy of Sciences of Russia.
S. N. Fedorov became the first general director of the Eye Microsurgery MNTK.
The unique microsurgical technologies of Svyatoslav Fedorov attracted patients from all over the world to the branches of the MNTK. Freedom of management made it possible to equip clinics with the most advanced technology and equipment. Computers, ophthalmic lasers, unique instruments, many of which were developed by MNTK specialists in collaboration with the best scientific institutions of the country - all these resources have become available to domestic patients of the Eye Microsurgery clinic system. Svyatoslav Fedorov proved that high-quality medicine can be cost-effective and, at the same time, serve the health of millions of people. He also demonstrated that in Russia it is possible to implement scientific discoveries, achieve economic success, and honestly earn large sums of money “with your own mind.” In all post-reform years, new equipment was purchased at Eye Microsurgery, scientific work was carried out, and employee salaries were increased.
Admired by what he saw at the Research Institute of Eye Microsurgery in March 1987, Fidel Castro decides to create a similar Center in Havana.
The activities of S. N. Fedorov received well-deserved recognition from the state and society: he was a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a full member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, as well as a number of foreign academies. He had the title of Hero of Socialist Labor and Honored Inventor of the USSR, and was a laureate of many awards in our country and abroad. He was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Red Banner of Labor, the Badge of Honor, and the October Revolution. For scientific merits he was awarded the highest award of the Academy of Sciences - the Gold Medal. Lomonosov and the Paleolog and Oscar awards (USA). S. N. Fedorov is the author of more than 500 scientific works, 7 monographs, 200 inventions, books and brochures on problems of self-government. More than 100 candidate and doctoral dissertations were defended under his leadership.
In 2000, June 1 - 2, S. N. Fedorov took part in the celebration of the 10th anniversary of the Tambov branch, gave a keynote speech at the conference, was full of ideas and hopes, said: “I am happy because I am among like-minded people "
And then, obeying the call of the sky, he got into his helicopter, waved his hand goodbye from above and flew away to meet immortality, flew away forever.
Thoughts and phrases by S.N. Fedorov
about work...
“Case is the only criterion for assessing a person, no matter what obstacles are put in his way, if you can prove you are right - you won, if you can’t - those who defended their position prevailed.”
“You just have to do something new every day. And if you manage to do what you dream of in life, this is happiness. I succeeded."
“The future of healthcare is the primary care physician. A doctor armed with modern equipment: precision electronics, optics, laser technology. Today’s medic must be armed no worse than a modern soldier.”
“The experience of my life suggests that everything can be stopped and even destroyed, except for good. The basis of the life of society, the basis of human civilization is this amazing craving of people for each other. Together we are strong, but alone there is no humanity.”
“The most important wealth, the greatest capital of any society is a person’s initiative and his ability to work.”
“Man does not want to be a slave, neither a slave of another person, nor a slave of things, including glasses, without which he cannot enjoy life.”
about surgery...
Whom do you personally operate on? Any celebrities or powerful people?
I try to do operations that are new in technology or very difficult. The kind that would stimulate my brain to move forward. That is, my field in surgery is the most complex and the most unusual, the very first, not yet known, to see new possibilities.
Aren’t you afraid before each new operation?
Never! A doctor who is afraid is not yet a doctor. After all, the success of surgery lies in the complete absence of fear. Just as only those who are not afraid of death can win during a war. Likewise, a surgeon who is not afraid that he will perform a bad operation operates normally. This is the simplest and, at the same time, the most difficult thing - to get rid of fear.
I love to operate. You feel your power over the process, as if you are in flight: you need to gain altitude - you will gain it, you need a turn - you will spin it. And it’s as if you’re constantly walking along a razor blade 100 angstroms thick, thinner than a hair, but you know that you’ll get there, you won’t fall. A feeling of responsibility and usefulness of what you are doing: this patient, almost blind, will see tomorrow.
I am an impulsive, explosive person by nature, and therefore I could not be, say, a therapist: I need to quickly see the result of what I have done.
And right in our clinic, patients throw away glasses as unnecessary. Operation is a dynamic process, always creative. No two are alike, you constantly change tactics.
About Me...
“For me, life is a constant climb to Everest. This is not an easy climb. You climb, you fall, your hands are bleeding. But the consciousness that there is a peak ahead, which must certainly be overcome, forces us to continue the path.”
“I'm a workaholic. Work is not a burden for me: I am a creative being, I feel like an artist. It’s like I’m painting pictures and enjoying them, only instead of pictures I have things I’ve done.”
“Actually, I am a fatalist. I believe in my destiny. I believe that I will do everything I have in mind, I will not die before. This is probably why I am not afraid of anything - neither difficulties, nor obstacles, nor intrigues, nor heights, nor depth, nor speed. I believe that I am lucky. More than once I was two steps away from death, and yet fate did not abandon me.”
“For us, Soviet people, the only property is our children, so we rush around with them like we’re carrying a bag. And they should not be fed worms for slaughter, but taught to fly, so that they are not afraid of falling out of the nest.”
“In the mornings I ride a horse. Three times a week. How lovely this is! After each trip I feel several years younger... I gallop and enjoy the knowledge that in a few seconds I can rush across a field, through a ravine, in a minute to reach a distant forest, and this in any muddy road, in the deepest snow. Jumping is a pleasure, you merge with a large warm creature into one whole, and energy flows from it into you. It's as if your batteries are being recharged. I am sure that many diseases can be treated by horse riding.”
“I’m also selfish, I get pleasure from the fact that I can cure a thousand people, two million. From the fact that I can make not only my wife smile, but all my employees, including agricultural workers who have already forgotten how to smile. I get the greatest pleasure from this.
I'm just a basic egoist. That's how it works. One finds pleasure in killing people, and the other finds pleasure in giving a smile. Everyone has their own hobby.
My hobby is making people smile."
will...
“Look, people, how beautiful life, nature, the Earth are! You can live a hundred and thousands of years, and every day never cease to be amazed by the sunrise and sunset, the singing of birds, the colors of a forest lake, a delicious lunch, a good clever word... No, the most wonderful thing we have is life! It's a pity that it's fleeting. It's a shame that science and medicine are not yet able to change anything here. This is what doctors need to fight for! With all the strength of mind, talent, soul.”
“My most cherished dream is to delay the aging of people and start... with the eye. I want to at least start, get some first results, and then things will go from there.”
“I realized that goodness needs to be done in large doses. I am deeply convinced that already at the beginning of the next century our medicine will be a fantastic industry of humanism: all hospitals will turn into powerful centers for diagnostics, reconstruction of the human body, and centers for early surgical prevention.”
“I want my life to help someone free themselves from the shackles of dogmatism in their minds, first of all. Understand that you can’t be “like everyone else” and keep your head down...
