INSTRUCTIONS AND PROPHECIES OF THE Blessed MOTHER ALIPIA GOLOSEEVSKY, Kyiv...
Hello pines, oaks, poplars. Hello pines, oaks, poplars. Hello mountains, forests and fields. Hello huts of native villages. May today be joyful
We live at the bottom of the ocean. He, like an invisible blanket, surrounds the Earth and creates a shell called ...
ATMOSPHERE
ATMOSPHERE
We have to answer the questions:
- What is the atmosphere?
- What is the atmosphere made of?
- What is the structure of the atmosphere?
- "Atmos" - (Greek) steam
- "Sphere" - (Greek) ball, shell Atmosphere - the air shell of the Earth
textbook page 105
(make a pie chart in your notebook)
nitrogen - 78%
oxygen - 21%
other gases - 1%
(carbon dioxide,
water vapor, ozone,
helium, hydrogen, etc.)
STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE
- Exosphere
- Thermosphere
- Mesosphere
- Stratosphere
- Troposphere
Air is needed for breathing by almost all living organisms on earth.
(textbook p.106)
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ATMOSPHERE CONQUERING THE ATMOSPHERE STUDYING THE ATMOSPHERE HISTORY OF AERONAVIATING The first travelers in a balloon, the French Joseph and Etienne Montgolfier, made the world's first balloon out of paper and fabric, and raised it with air heated by a brazier. A test flight took place in 1783 in Paris with a gathering of people: the balloon soared for 2 km! The first balloon filled with hydrogen was launched in the same year by the Parisian professor Jacques Charles, but the rubberized silk of the shell burst at a height of 1 km. HISTORY OF AERONAVIATING In November 1783, the first flight of a balloon took place in Russia. Balloons in 1870 delivered mail and food to Paris besieged by the Prussian army. In 1897, three daredevils flew to the North Pole, but this balloon disappeared without a trace. In March 1999, Brian Jones and Bertrand Piccard made the first round-the-world trip in a Breitling Orbiter 3 balloon, circumnavigating the earth in 19 days.
- Clouds are a thick cold fog in which nothing is visible.
- Lack of oxygen, tk. as the altitude changes, the air becomes rarefied
- Cold - for every kilometer of altitude, t ° drops by 6 °
- What gas is in the air the most?
- What air gas is needed for photosynthesis?
- What air gas is needed for combustion, decay and breathing?
- Why are ozone holes dangerous?
- What is the name of the layer of the atmosphere where we live?
- Why, for flights into the stratosphere, is the supply of oxygen in cylinders taken in addition to the fuel supply?
- What is the atmosphere?
- What is the atmosphere made of?
- What is the structure of the atmosphere?
- How important is the atmosphere to our planet?
- § 35 (read)
- Complete tasks 1 and 5 (p. 108)
- Find information on the characteristics of the upper atmosphere on the Internet.
slide 2
Atmosphere (from the Greek atmos - steam and spharia - ball) is the air shell of the Earth, rotating with it. The development of the atmosphere was closely connected with the geological and geochemical processes taking place on our planet, as well as with the activities of living organisms.
The lower boundary of the atmosphere coincides with the surface of the Earth, since air penetrates into the smallest pores in the soil and is dissolved even in water.
The upper limit at an altitude of 2000-3000 km gradually passes into outer space.
Oxygen-rich atmosphere makes life possible on Earth. Atmospheric oxygen is used in the process of breathing by humans, animals, and plants.
slide 3
LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE
The atmosphere has a layered structure.
From the Earth's surface upwards these layers are:
- Troposphere
- Stratosphere
- Mesosphere
- Thermosphere
- Exosphere
slide 4
slide 5
The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the thickness of which is 8-10 km above the poles, 10-12 km in temperate latitudes, and 16-18 km above the equator.
The air in the troposphere is heated from the earth's surface, i.e. from land and water. Therefore, the air temperature in this layer decreases with height by an average of 0.6 °C for every 100 m. At the upper boundary of the troposphere, it reaches -55 °C. At the same time, in the region of the equator at the upper boundary of the troposphere, the air temperature is -70 °С, and in the region of the North Pole -65 °С.
About 80% of the mass of the atmosphere is concentrated in the troposphere, almost all water vapor is located, thunderstorms, storms, clouds and precipitation occur, and vertical (convection) and horizontal (wind) air movement occurs.
We can say that the weather is mainly formed in the troposphere.
Troposphere
slide 6
Stratosphere - a layer of the atmosphere located above the troposphere at an altitude of 8 to 50 km. The color of the sky in this layer appears purple, which is explained by the rarefaction of the air, due to which the sun's rays almost do not scatter.
The stratosphere contains 20% of the mass of the atmosphere. The air in this layer is rarefied, there is practically no water vapor, and therefore clouds and precipitation are almost not formed. However, stable air currents are observed in the stratosphere, the speed of which reaches 300 km / h.
Ozone is concentrated in this layer (ozone screen, ozonosphere), a layer that absorbs ultraviolet rays, preventing them from passing to the Earth and thereby protecting living organisms on our planet. Due to ozone, the air temperature at the upper boundary of the stratosphere is in the range from -50 to 4-55 °C.
Between the mesosphere and the stratosphere there is a transitional zone - the stratopause.
Stratosphere
Slide 7
The mesosphere is a layer of the atmosphere located at an altitude of 50-80 km. The air density here is 200 times less than at the surface of the Earth. The color of the sky in the mesosphere appears black, stars are visible during the day. The air temperature drops to -75 (-90)°С.
At an altitude of 80 km, the thermosphere begins. The air temperature in this layer rises sharply to a height of 250 m, and then becomes constant: at a height of 150 km it reaches 220-240 °C; at an altitude of 500-600 km it exceeds 1500 °C.
Mesosphere and thermosphere
Slide 8
In the mesosphere and thermosphere, under the action of cosmic rays, gas molecules break up into charged (ionized) particles of atoms, so this part of the atmosphere is called the ionosphere - a layer of very rarefied air located at an altitude of 50 to 1000 km, consisting mainly of ionized oxygen atoms, molecules nitric oxide and free electrons
Geography 6th grade Topic: The composition and structure of the atmosphere Lesson Objectives: 1. give students knowledge about the atmosphere and, on this basis, formulate concepts about the atmosphere as one of the outer shells of the globe: 2. form knowledge about the features of the layers of the atmosphere, their significance and methods for studying the atmosphere; to familiarize students with ways to study the atmosphere and measures to protect nature; 3. education of ecological culture, moral qualities of the individual. Lesson type: learning lesson Methods: interactive to stimulate interest in learning, explanatory and illustrative, partially exploratory Work form: group Equipment: TSO (interactive whiteboard), electronic study guide During the classes I.Organizing time Welcome Check Attendance II. Knowledge update Make a cluster on the topic "Atmosphere" III. Explanation of new material 1. Teacher's word -So, we are starting to study the second shell of our planet - the atmosphere, or air shell. It wraps the Earth like an invisible blanket, stretching upwards for several thousand kilometers. 2. The composition of the atmosphere. Drawing work Air is a mixture of various gases. Among them, the main place is occupied by nitrogen - 78% and oxygen - 21%, other gases - 1%, of which carbon dioxide - 0.03%. The composition of the atmosphere, in addition to gases, includes water vapor and various impurities. 3. The boundaries of the atmosphere. Drawing work The lower boundary of the atmosphere corresponds to the level of the earth's surface. The higher, the more rarefied the air and gradually passes into an airless space. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately determine the upper boundary of the atmosphere. Scientists believe that it passes approximately at an altitude of 2-3 thousand km. An atmospheric layer of this thickness is held by the forces of gravity and rotates with the Earth. 4. Atmospheric layers. Work on the drawing "Layers of the atmosphere" Atmospheric air properties: composition, temperature, density, humidity. The properties of atmospheric air change when moving from one place to another, but especially strongly as the height increases. The temperature and composition of gases change with height in the atmosphere, so it is divided into several shells. 4.1. Describe each layer of the atmosphere. 5. Significance of the atmosphere. QUESTION: How important is the atmosphere for living organisms and for planet Earth? 6. Study of the atmosphere. Drawing work 7. Protection of the atmosphere. Work on a physical map 7.1. Make a project 7.2. Project Protection IV. Consolidation of the studied material 1. Make a diagram on the topic "The composition of the atmosphere" 2. Complete test tasks of 6 questions. 3. Significance of the atmosphere. Add. V. Homework: paragraph 27 VI. Commenting on grades
slide 1
Presentation on the topic Atmosphere
The presentation was made by a 5th grade student Violetta Sidorova Teacher: Kardanova Yu.R.
slide 2
slide 3
targets and goals
deepen knowledge about the atmosphere, study the composition of air, the structure of the atmosphere and the characteristics of the layers, the importance of the atmosphere for the nature of the Earth; the formation of knowledge about the geographical shell - the atmosphere, as a source of existence of life.
slide 4
Atmosphere - the air shell of the Earth
The atmosphere is the outermost layer of the Earth. Its thickness is approximately 2000-3000 km. The atmosphere has no upper boundary.
slide 5
Composition of the atmosphere
The Earth's atmosphere is made up of a mixture of gases. Basically, these are Nitrogen (N2) - 78%, oxygen (O2) - 21% and other gases - carbon dioxide, water vapor, ozone, helium, hydrogen, argon, etc. - one%.
slide 6
The structure of the atmosphere
The thickness of the atmosphere is about 3 thousand km. Several layers are distinguished in it, which differ from each other in temperature and composition of gases. The lower layer - the troposphere - is the surface of the Earth, but this boundary is relative. Next comes the stratosphere. Even higher - mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere. These are the upper layers of the atmosphere, which pass into outer space at an altitude of 2-3 thousand km. above the surface of the earth.
Slide 7
The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the thickness of which is 8-10 km above the poles, 10-12 km in temperate latitudes, and 16-18 km above the equator. The air in the troposphere is heated from the earth's surface, i.e. from land and water. Therefore, the air temperature in this layer decreases with height by an average of 0.6 °C for every 100 m. At the upper boundary of the troposphere, it reaches -55 °C. At the same time, in the region of the equator at the upper boundary of the troposphere, the air temperature is -70 °С, and in the region of the North Pole -65 °С. About 80% of the mass of the atmosphere is concentrated in the troposphere, almost all water vapor is located, thunderstorms, storms, clouds and precipitation occur, and vertical (convection) and horizontal (wind) air movement occurs. We can say that the weather is mainly formed in the troposphere.
Troposphere
Slide 8
Stratosphere - a layer of the atmosphere located above the troposphere at an altitude of 8 to 50 km. The color of the sky in this layer appears purple, which is explained by the rarefaction of the air, due to which the sun's rays almost do not scatter. The stratosphere contains 20% of the mass of the atmosphere. The air in this layer is rarefied, there is practically no water vapor, and therefore clouds and precipitation are almost not formed. However, stable air currents are observed in the stratosphere, the speed of which reaches 300 km / h. Ozone is concentrated in this layer (ozone screen, ozonosphere), a layer that absorbs ultraviolet rays, preventing them from passing to the Earth and thereby protecting living organisms on our planet. Due to ozone, the air temperature at the upper boundary of the stratosphere is in the range from -50 to 4-55 °C. Between the mesosphere and the stratosphere there is a transitional zone - the stratopause.
Stratosphere
Slide 9
The mesosphere is a layer of the atmosphere located at an altitude of 50-80 km. The air density here is 200 times less than at the surface of the Earth. The color of the sky in the mesosphere appears black, stars are visible during the day. The air temperature drops to -75 (-90)°С. At an altitude of 80 km, the thermosphere begins. The air temperature in this layer rises sharply to a height of 250 m, and then becomes constant: at a height of 150 km it reaches 220-240 °C; at an altitude of 500-600 km it exceeds 1500 °C.
Mesosphere and thermosphere
slide 11
slide 12
slide 13
The value of the atmosphere
Air is needed for breathing by all living organisms. The ozone contained in the stratosphere protects living organisms from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. As a result of human activities, the air becomes dirty. The ozone layer is being destroyed. We need to keep the air clean!
