Do-it-yourself ventilation installation in a wooden house. The need for a ventilation device in a house made of timber

The premises inside wooden houses have a very good microclimate. The fact is that logs and timber are able to "breathe", that is, to pass air through the pores. However, in most cases, artificial ventilation in a wooden house is still necessary. According to the SNiP standards, the air in residential premises must be changed every hour in full. Therefore, even in wooden rooms it may be insufficient.

for private houses

At the moment, only two main types are mainly used in paved and log structures:

1. With natural inflow through special valves.
2. With forced run.

Design features with natural inflow

Such ventilation in a wooden house is used most often, it is the simplest structurally and is very inexpensive. In this case, special valves are inserted into the walls, through which fresh air from the street enters the room. The hood in such a system is most often natural and is a regular pipe that runs through all floors. Between rooms, air circulates through holes and slots in doors and walls, covered with decorative grilles.

Installation of ventilation with natural inflow

Such ventilation is installed in a wooden house elementarily. First of all, holes for valves are drilled in chopped or cobbled walls, which can be purchased at any building supermarket. It is best to install them closer to the radiators. Otherwise, the rooms will be cold in winter. Further, “passages” for air are arranged in partitions, walls and doors. An exhaust riser with access to the toilet and bathroom in wooden houses is usually available initially.

Of course, even such a simple system as natural ventilation in a wooden house must be installed with a preliminary drafting of the project. The calculation of the required number of valves is carried out taking into account their throughput and the total volume of all rooms in the house. The same applies to the exhaust riser. If necessary, special fans can be additionally installed in it.

Force run system

This is a much more complex structural ventilation. In a wooden house, it is usually used only if the volume of the premises is very large. The design of such a system, among other things, may include a heat exchanger, flexible air ducts, filters, decorative grilles, adapters, tees, etc. Of course, this is also the most effective type of ventilation. The principle of its work is as follows:

1. Fresh air enters the room through a special air intake.
2. Then it is distributed to all rooms.
3. The exhaust air is removed through the exhaust air intake.

Pros and cons of ventilation systems with a heat exchanger

A recuperator is a special device designed to take heat from the air when it is released into the street and return it to the outside. Thus, the use of this structural element in the ventilation system can significantly save on space heating. Systems with a recuperator are more expensive than any other, but they are also considered the most efficient. With their use, effective ventilation of the bathroom in a wooden house, living room, hallway, bedroom and other rooms can be arranged.

What are recuperators

At the moment, there are only three main types of such devices:

• rotary;
• recirculating water;
• lamellar.

Ventilation in a private wooden house is most often arranged using the latest variety of devices. Plate heat exchangers really have just a huge number of advantages:

1. Simplicity of design. In recuperators of this type, there are no moving parts, so they break less often than other varieties.
2. The absence in the design of elements for the operation of which electricity is needed.
3. High efficiency.

Some disadvantages of such devices include only the impossibility of moisture exchange in them. In addition, special valves have to be installed in such recuperators, since in winter their plate heat exchanger can freeze over.

The principle of the device of a plate heat exchanger

The main feature of plate devices is that the air entering the room and the air removed from it do not directly intersect with each other. Contact occurs through special plates. The latter are most often made of aluminum foil. This choice is due to the high thermal conductivity of this metal. Sometimes the plates are also made of special plastic.

Outwardly, such a heat exchanger is an ordinary box, from which several branch pipes come out, designed to fasten air ducts. They can be located either above or below. To pass the air in the heat exchanger, a suction and a hole are installed at the bottom of the body for draining the condensate. Also, the design of plate heat exchangers includes filters and a damper for defrosting. In severe cold, the heat taken from the outgoing stream is often not enough to sufficiently heat the incoming one. Therefore, the design of recuperators usually also includes a heater.

Which manufacturer to choose

Efficient ventilation in a private wooden house is, among other things, the right choice of the system manufacturer. The most popular manufacturers of plate heat exchangers are SHUFT (Denmark), SCHRAG (Germany), ELECTROLUX, REMAK, 2W (Czech Republic). MIDEA recuperators can be called the most purchased Chinese brand.

How to choose air ducts

At the moment, there are several types of air ducts suitable for installation in a private house:

1. Round. This is the most economical variety. Air, passing through pipes of circular cross section, does not encounter absolutely any obstacles in its path.
2. Rectangular. In such pipes, the air resistance is higher, and therefore, more powerful fans will have to be installed in the system.
3. Flexible. This is the most convenient, but also the most expensive variety. Such pipes can easily be brought to the most inaccessible premises. For example, ventilation of a bathroom and even an attic can be arranged this way.

Where to place the elements

The recuperator is usually installed in the attic. You can also place it in the basement. Since there is usually no inner wall cladding in wooden houses, air ducts have to be carried out in special decorative boxes (which are quite expensive). Sometimes they are also stretched along. This is a cheaper way when the ventilation system is arranged simultaneously with the construction of the house. However, with this arrangement, in the event of a breakdown, it will be quite difficult to get to the elements. Below is an approximate scheme for your attention (ventilation in a wooden house).

Installation of the heat exchanger and installation of exhaust pipes

So, let's look at how, in fact, the ventilation device is performed in a wooden house. The heat exchanger will need to be installed on a completely flat horizontal platform. This element of the ventilation system should be located in an easily accessible place. The fact is that the heat exchanger plates must be cleaned of dirt at least twice a year.

After the heat exchanger is installed, start drilling holes in the walls. They need to be drilled into solid wood. That is, in the center of a log or beam. Next, special pipes are inserted into the holes, to which air ducts will subsequently be attached. They need to be prepared in advance. A backdraft valve and an adapter are fixed to each branch pipe.

Installation of air ducts

At the first stage, the main supply and exhaust air ducts are installed. One of their ends is connected to the corresponding branch pipe of the heat exchanger, and the other end is connected to the branch pipe inserted into the wall. The pipes themselves should be attached to the ceiling and walls according to the project. It's easier to use flexible foil ducts. After the main ones are mounted, they make the wiring for the premises. Thus, two pipes should be connected to each room in the house - supply and exhaust. Thus, ventilation of the toilet in a wooden house, ventilation of the kitchen, living room and other rooms is arranged. Flexible air ducts are mounted on special clamps. Adapters and tees are used to connect outlet sleeves.

Floor ventilation

Experts advise that it is imperative to arrange floor ventilation in wooden buildings. This will significantly extend their service life. Ventilation is very easy to set up. In each room, in its opposite corners between the lags, ventilation grilles cut in with supply air ducts connected to them. They need to be placed under heating appliances. Exhaust openings are best located at the top of the rooms, since the warm used air, according to the laws of physics, rises to the ceiling.

As you can see, the ventilation device in a country wooden house is not as complicated as it might seem at first glance. In fact, the difficulty lies only in drawing up a project and calculating the required number of air ducts, heat exchanger capacity, etc. It is better to entrust this work to specialists.

To create a healthy microclimate and comfortable living conditions, to preserve building structures and interior decoration, to make the non-repair period as long as possible should be ventilation of a wooden house.

Air exchange tasks

Ventilation ensures the movement of air flows from one part of a wooden house to another. To do this, at least simple measures are carried out:

• channels for air intake (from the street) and its removal to the outside are being equipped;
• the circulation of air masses is organized so that they seep into all rooms and utility rooms without exception.

What are the preferred options for ventilation in a wooden house? There is no single answer, just as there are no identically built houses. Special projects are being developed to create an exclusive dwelling of different heights and completeness.

Therefore, the main requirement for choosing the type of air exchange is that the speed of air movement does not cause discomfort (there are no drafts) and cope with the necessary supply of fresh air. The absence of unpleasant odors and dampness, the prevention of putrefactive processes, the extension of the life of structures - this is the answer to the question of whether ventilation is needed in a wooden house.

Air exchange systems for a wooden house

• Natural. Comfortable living conditions are achieved with an hourly aeration capacity of 0.7 - 0.9 cubic meters. The movement of air in the system is provided by the temperature difference between the flows.
• Forced. The volume of circulated air per hour is 3.0-5.5 cubic meters.

Features of wooden structures with natural micro-slits in the beam or between boards, between wooden window and door openings, a stove (if any) or a fireplace already at the construction stage create conditions for effective natural air exchange. Such a ventilation system of a wooden house is considered the most optimal option for air exchange.

Note! Modern houses are being built using finishing materials with no or little vapor permeability, installing plastic structures on windows, which significantly reduces the penetration of air from the outside and from the outside. In such cases, mechanical methods of air exchange or a combined type of ventilation are used.

But the rationality of using installations with mechanical air injection (removal) is determined for each object individually.

Supply ventilation in a mechanical type wooden house solves a number of problems:

• supplies fresh outside air;
• passes it through filters, cutting off pollutants;
• heats the air flow moving through the ventilation duct;
• collects and removes exhaust air from the premises.

How is the scheme of the ventilation system drawn up

The ventilation system in a wooden house requires preliminary drawing up a layout of its main elements. It specifies:

• location(s) of ventilation openings;
• layout of air ducts, number of turns;
• volume of air exchange (determined by calculation);
• section of ventilation ducts: calculated or taken from reference literature (tables) depending on the size of the premises;
• type of insulation used.

Attention! Effective ventilation requires the organization of the movement of polluted air flow in the direction of the toilet and kitchen. To dispose of smoky and dusty masses, do-it-yourself ventilation in a wooden house is equipped with an exhaust hood.

Equipment set

When deciding to create a mechanical air exchange, you need to have a set of devices and mechanisms:

• blower fan;
• set of filters;
• air heater in the cold period, powered by the mains;
• dry air supply humidifier;
• vibration compensator, etc.

Stages of creating a system

The general algorithm of work, how to make ventilation in a wooden house, is as follows:

• Perform system performance calculations.
• Draw up a project of the house and a ventilation scheme.
• Purchase the necessary equipment.
• Perform installation of home-made supply valves and equipment (depending on the type of ventilation).
• Organize air exchange of the roof and basement.

Attention! Another way of air exchange in the house is to install a heat exchanger, as well as a monoblock system with cleaning filters (coarse and fine).

At the initial stage, when deciding how to properly ventilate a wooden house, its performance is calculated. It depends on the number of residents, the size of the house. The speed of air movement determines the required air exchange rate. You need to focus on the value of 150-200 m3 / hour. Given these values, the number of complete air changes in the house is found.

Optimization of ventilation processes with supply valves

With increased tightness of structures, it is necessary to provide places for arranging valves through which air circulates in each of the rooms, including in the bathroom and kitchen, even at the design stage. They are of two types:

• Window. Installation is possible only at the construction stage, while window frames are not yet available. Valves are carried out together with the manufacture of PVC window structures.
• infiltration valve. They are mounted in the walls when it is inappropriate to replace old boxes with new window blocks. A small round pipe is "threaded" through the wall. Both edges are covered with bars. From the side of the room, the protection is adjusted to select the optimal ventilation mode.

Why Choose Natural Air Exchange

Vents in the basement - an element of natural ventilation

Natural ventilation in a wooden house is carried out in the form of vertical air channels. They must be of the same section and with a minimum roughness of the inner side of the walls. This will greatly increase traction. Mounted in the kitchen, toilet, bathroom. Inlets are arranged in rooms with access to the wall, and then brought out under the roof. The higher the hood is located under the roof, the better the movement of air flows. If you plan to install a similar duct in the cellar, basement, then one channel is not enough. Several are required.

Roof ventilation in the form of an aerator prevents the formation and settling of condensate on crossbars, rafters, columns, and thermal insulation of the house. This is a passage through the roof, made to insert a device with a diameter of 100 mm into it. The aerator is fixed with self-tapping screws along the edges of the "skirt". If the ventilation passage to the roof is made illiterately, troubles may arise in the form of:

• Corrosion damage to metal parts of the structure.
• Destruction of wooden elements by fungus and mold.
• Deterioration of the characteristics of the thermal insulation material, etc.

Forced (supply and exhaust) type of ventilation in a wooden house does not depend on weather conditions. Moreover, the devices included in the system can additionally heat or cool the air injected from the street before it enters the house. The ventilation unit is working. Two sleeves of an air duct are brought to it. The flows circulate in the deflector. Once in the air intake, they spread throughout the room. One of the disadvantages is the participation of a person who controls the parameters and adjusts the air supply.

When choosing a ventilation system for a wooden house, you need to understand the principle of its operation, as well as evaluate the possibilities of installing it yourself.

Wood as a building material is able to "breathe", which compares favorably with objects made of brick and foam block. However, special purpose rooms and high humidity in wooden buildings still need additional ventilation, since the wood may not be able to cope with a large amount of steam, and, therefore, rot. About what ventilation should be in a house made of timber and how to equip it - below.

Types of ventilation in private houses

Air exchange systems in private houses are represented by the following types:

There is a fourth type of systems - with recuperation. The bottom line is that the exhaust air, leaving the premises, gives the temperature to the incoming masses. Thereby reducing heat loss.

However, it will not work to design such a system on your own without knowledge and experience, and there are significant drawbacks - noise and cost. It is more customary to install it on non-residential type objects.

Project calculation and materials for designing ventilation

As a rule, the ventilation of a log house is natural or forced-air and exhaust - they will be discussed. Before starting installation, take the following steps:

Mounting

Usually, air ducts are laid under the lining inside the house from a bar, where insulation and hidden communications - wires or pipes - will be laid.

Houses made of glued laminated timber, the ventilation of which is hidden, and the exhaust openings are closed with decorative grilles, look very dignified. Further:

High-quality ventilation of a house made of timber is impossible without an appropriate system in the basements, if they are provided for by the project. This room especially needs ventilation, since contact with dampness is almost constant. As breathing holes, sections of asbestos pipes or sewer polyethylene pipes are usually laid in the foundation.

The solution can be a natural system of air vents - air inlets located around the entire perimeter of the basement - they need to be opened periodically in the winter. The number of products is determined by the project of the house or sanitary rules, taking into account the volume and height of the room.

Wood, as it is, is a wonderful indoor microclimate due to the natural features of the trunk. However, if it is not protected by all kinds of compounds, then the accumulation of moisture is inevitable, which will entail damage - rotting, fungus, mold. A large number of impregnations, of course, will affect the ability of the raw material to pass air.

The solution to the problem lies in the creation of a high-quality project of the ventilation system and its installation. If the owners do not understand the whole essence of the correct laying, then it is worth contacting the specialists of this profile and the desired results - the microclimate and regular ventilation of the wood - will be achieved.

Total score: 10 Voted: 1

Ventilation is one of the factors that ensure comfortable living in the house. Thanks to ventilation, exhaust air flows, including carbon dioxide, vapors, and odors, leave the building. Instead, fresh air enters the house.

Types of ventilation

Ventilation systems are classified into two types and one intermediate variety:

• natural air exchange;
• forced air exchange;
• combined devices (a combination of natural and exhaust impulses).

Each of these varieties is characterized by both advantages and disadvantages. If the building is located in an ecologically clean area, the best choice is a device with natural motivation. However, if the air in the environment is polluted, it is better to opt for a forced ventilation system.

Natural air exchange

Natural urge is the traditional way of air exchange in the house. Air is supplied through slots and openings in the building elements of the building, and the exhaust is carried out through ventilation ducts located in the kitchens and sanitary facilities. The draft is generated by the difference between the temperature and pressure levels inside and outside the building.

Note! Air ducts must not be laid horizontally or at an angle. Excessive roughness of the channel leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the ventilation system.

Scheme of air movement in a wooden house

Advantages of natural ventilation:

1. System cost is low
2. Installation is not a big deal.
3. A properly installed system will allow you to regulate heat transfer in all areas of the building, even where there are no heating devices (corridor, landings, etc.).
4. Clean air, first of all, enters the rooms where it is most needed (living room, bedroom).
5. The premises provide an optimal microclimate, since ventilation allows you to achieve a comfortable level of humidity.

Disadvantages of natural ventilation:

1. There is no way to regulate the intensity of air flow, it is difficult to deal with drafts and dust penetration into the room.
2. There is also a problem with heat leakage. In winter and summer, air exchange is activated, but in spring and summer, stagnation occurs in the interior. Artificial injection with the help of fans can rectify the situation, but this does not solve the problem of heat loss in winter.
3. Houses made of glued laminated timber are impermeable. Therefore, it is impossible for air to enter the room through building gaps. You can correct the situation by using supply wall valves.

Note! Ventilation ducts are installed in kitchen and sanitary facilities, as well as pantries. It is desirable that these rooms are located close to each other, then the system can be connected into a single circuit. Separate hoods are required for boiler rooms and fireplace rooms.

Forced ventilation

Forced injection of air masses has a number of advantages in comparison with natural ventilation. Such a system is characterized by greater efficiency and is independent of weather conditions. Forced ventilation is the only possible option if the air in the environment is polluted. Due to filtration, only clean air, devoid of unpleasant odors, will penetrate into the premises.

Types of forced ventilation:

• monoblock device;
• dialing device.

Monobloc supply and exhaust systems are ideal for small buildings, as they are compact. All the main components of such a device (including the heater, humidifiers, filters, recuperator) are located inside the soundproof housing. As a result, a low-noise unit can be placed close to residential areas.

Composite systems include air ducts, an exhaust and supply device, a heater, filters, humidifiers, and noise insulation. The principle of operation of such a system is to take air for processing from the street with a supply fan. The air is filtered, heated or cooled to the desired temperature, and then supplied to the premises.

Exhaust air ducts are directed from the kitchen, sanitary facilities, boiler rooms and other similar premises, forming a single system with access to the attic. For masking, air channels are laid under a suspended or stretch ceiling.

Combined ventilation

In addition to the exhaust system, natural ventilation can be arranged. The latter is used only if necessary, when the exhaust system does not fully cope with its functions. Combined devices are recommended for installation in cases where polluted air masses dominate in the room (kitchen, sanitary unit, boiler room).

Ground floor

Creating a basement requires increased costs, but in the end it gives a significant additional area. Usually, in houses made of glued laminated timber, basements are not provided, but they can be created if desired.

The ventilation system is mandatory for the plinth. Both forced and natural methods of ventilation of premises are used. Natural ventilation is carried out through the air, when every 2-3 meters there is an opening for air exchange. If the building is located in a lowland, a high air density is provided. The supply hole is made under the ceiling, and the pipe goes to the roof.

If the ventilation system is in good working order, its operation is almost imperceptible. However, as soon as the air movement is disturbed, it becomes noticeable: condensation appears on the walls, the air in the building becomes damp, the well-being of the residents worsens due to lack of oxygen. Therefore, you need to take care of creating ventilation ducts at the stage of creating a house project.

In the recent past, wooden houses did just fine without ventilation systems. Air flows entered the house through the gaps between the crowns and gaps in the window and door frames, and were removed through the chimney of the Russian stove. Modern wooden houses are arranged somewhat differently. Russian stoves and gaps in building structures disappeared. Therefore, for new timber buildings, additional ventilation is necessary.

Why air exchange is needed in a wooden house

The air exchange in the house from the timber removes the exhaust air from the premises along with vapors, carbon dioxide, unpleasant odors, and in return supplies fresh air flows to the rooms. If the ventilation is working properly, the residents of houses made of timber do not even notice it. But any failure of the air exchange system is immediately visible: condensation forms on the walls, the smell of dampness appears, and due to a lack of oxygen, the well-being of households worsens.

Types of ventilation systems:

• With a natural impulse;
• With compulsion.

Natural air exchange

Scheme of natural air exchange

A few years ago, natural ventilation was widely used in residential buildings. The inflow was carried out through the cracks in the building structures, and the exhaust was carried out through the ventilation ducts located in the kitchens and bathrooms. With this method of organizing air exchange, traction is provided by the difference in temperature indicators inside and outside the house and pressure drops. This system is easy to install and inexpensive.

Important! To improve draft, natural ventilation ducts should not be laid horizontally, and sharp turns should also be avoided. Excessive geometry reduces the effectiveness of the natural ventilation system of a timber structure.

But at the same time, the system has a number of disadvantages: the inability to control air exchange, drafts, dust ingress into the room, heat leakage. Difficulties are added by the dependence of natural ventilation systems on temperature indicators. In winter and summer, air exchange is quite intense, but in autumn and spring, air stagnation begins in the room. The situation can be partially corrected by installing fans in the air ducts, but this does not solve the problem of heat leakage in cold weather.

Modern log houses are as tight as possible, which makes it impossible for the inflow through gaps in building structures. Therefore, it is better to organize the air supply to the room through wall supply valves.

Important! Channels for air removal are mounted in the kitchen, bathroom, toilet, pantry. If these rooms are adjacent, their ducts can be combined. Independent exhaust ducts are needed for boiler rooms and rooms with fireplaces.

Forced ventilation

Forced ventilation device

Compared to natural air exchange, a forced ventilation system has many advantages. Its work is more efficient and does not depend on weather conditions. In areas with unfavorable ecology, such ventilation will be a real salvation - thanks to filters, purified air without unpleasant odors will always enter the home.

Forced ventilation device options:

• Typesetting system;
• Monoblock installation.

The composition of the forced type-setting system of a log house includes air ducts, a supply and exhaust unit, filters, a heater, an air humidifier, and silencers. The principle of operation of ventilation is as follows: air from the street with the help of a supply fan is forced into the structure, passes through filters, heats up or cools to a comfortable temperature and is supplied to the rooms. Exhaust ducts with exits to the kitchen, bathrooms, dressing rooms are connected to a powerful exhaust unit located in the attic. For aesthetics, ductwork is usually hidden behind an exhaust ceiling.

Due to their compact dimensions, monobloc air handling units are suitable for installation in small houses. All structural elements (filters, humidifiers, air heater, recuperator) are enclosed in a soundproof housing. Thanks to its silent operation, the unit can be placed close to living quarters.

Ground floor

Air exchange on the ground floor

The basement floor is a rather expensive enterprise, but at the same time it allows you to significantly increase the usable space. There are no basement floors in traditional timber buildings, but if you wish, you can resort to this method of increasing the living or utility area. There are often billiard rooms, laundries, gyms or storerooms.

Ventilation in the basement is a must. The system can be either natural or forced. The method of air exchange on the basement should be taken care of even at the design stage of timber houses. For natural air exchange, air vents are mounted in the walls - one hole for every 2-3 meters, for buildings in the lowlands, the number of air inlets increases. The supply hole is cut out under the ceiling, the pipe is brought out to the roof.

Ventilation device in a wooden house