Machines for the manufacture of furniture facades. Production of MDF furniture facades as a business

The appearance of the product and its final cost depend on the furniture facade. At the same time, this fact is taken into account regardless of the fact that the details of the facade occupy only a quarter of the object itself. The technology of production from the array itself is quite complex and requires the use of many resources.

Filling

Drying the wood is always the first step in processing. To dry all lumber intended for the manufacture of furniture frames and facades, you need to use a special furniture facades from solid wood.

This technological process is necessary in order to regulate the moisture content of the material, bringing it to the optimum rate. If the humidity of the tree is about 10 percent, this will relieve internal stress. The use of a special chamber is essential, since the presence of cracks and other defects will depend on the quality of drying.

• After the material is prepared properly, the production of furniture panels begins.
• The finished material must be cut (trimmed) taking into account the desired characteristics of length and width. If there are areas with marriage, they should be removed immediately. To carry out this process, use machines for the production of solid wood facades.
• After that, the workpieces need to be spliced ​​along the length and calibrated.
• The next step is gluing the shields.

When it is planned to manufacture a frame-paneled facade, you need to cut the canvas to make blanks for the main part of the facade. After this action, the entire perimeter of the canvas should be processed. Often used for this purpose production technology of curved facades from solid wood. This action is commonly called profiling, it allows you to achieve a perfectly even geometric shape of the product.

Frame

The next step will be the binding of the facade. The beginning of this process is the calibration, for the implementation of which, you need. In simpler terms, the main task of this manipulation will be to achieve the same size of different strips and to profil the edges of the workpieces. They will need to be cut transversely and brought to the specified parameters.

For processing curved surfaces, a milling tool is required. machine for making furniture facades. Thanks to the development of modern technologies, at the moment it is possible to create cutters of any shape and size, that is, any pattern that gives an aesthetic look to the frame. To facilitate the subsequent assembly of the product, using machines for furniture facades you need to cut the counter profile.

Assembly

After all the elements are prepared for further work, you need to assemble the product. TSolid wood facade manufacturing technology quite simple, along the perimeter of the frame there are special grooves into which you need to insert a panel or other material. Customers often choose lattices or glass; a stained-glass window will also look beautiful. It is now popular to use facades created like blinds, as this allows you to create an optimal exchange of air flows in the cabinet.

Made of MDF material, it is a significant task for furniture manufacturers in the face of fierce competition. Furniture structures made of MDF are several times superior to templates and finished parts made of laminated chipboard, wood or plastic.

The main material in this process:

• MDF board.
• PVC material of any color and with an additional ornament for further vacuum pressing.
• Laminating paper, which is used for facing the back surface, can be used.

Stages of work

At any production process, the process of work and the manufacture of MDF facades (Krasnodar, Moscow, Novosibirsk and other cities) is carried out on special machines using high-quality equipment. To speed up the process, it is recommended to buy a laser for cutting plywood from the manufacturer. This will significantly save equipment costs and will provide the workshop with high-precision machines.
The stages of work are identical at all enterprises, with the exception of the material itself and the selected product design. On CNC machines, the time to produce a batch of facades is 10 times less than when manufacturing the same quantity on standard units.

1. Cutting MDF boards is carried out according to the given dimensions without allowances. This saves a lot on material consumption.
2. A drawing is selected from ready-made blanks or formed in any graphic editor.
3. Milling and working time depends on the complexity of the ornament. For cutting on kitchen fronts, several models can be placed on the table at the same time, which will speed up the process. The cutting mode is set and after installing the cutter, you can start milling the MDF board.

After that, the process of preparing the slab for facing with PVC film begins. For this:

• The finished part is polished for 5-30 minutes, which is affected by the complexity of the design.
• Glue is applied to the workpiece and the composition is expected to dry completely. It is not a glue solution that is used, but a melt, which should be remembered.
• After the product has completely dried, it is placed on the countertop of a vacuum press, on an MDF substrate. Pressing time approximately 5 minutes.
• Next, the machine unit is put into working condition and the film is heated and vacuumed, which will also last about 5 minutes.
• The last stage is the removal of the product from the working surface of the table and cutting the film.

The stove requires compliance with a certain technology!
Thus, the entire manufacturing process will not take much time, and with the acquired skill, you can create unique designs and develop your business.

Manufacturing technology of MDF facades is increasingly considered by furniture manufacturers as a promising, strategically significant, innovative direction for the development of an enterprise in the most difficult competitive environment. Furniture made of MDF in terms of its quality characteristics in many respects surpasses the same products made of laminated chipboard, metal, plastic or natural wood. And it's hard to argue with that.

The main materials used for the manufacture of MDF facades are MDF board itself, PVC film for vacuum pressing, glue and sometimes, for lining the back of the furniture facade, laminating paper is used.

MDF board for facades

MDF stands for Medium Density Fibreboard, and is made by hot pressing fine wood fibers treated with binders.

MDF board, used in the manufacture of furniture, has one of the most important qualities - ease of processing. This allows, without excessive effort, to give blanks a variety of shapes and work freely with the surface relief using the usual set of sawing, milling and grinding tools that are available in almost every furniture manufacturer. In fact, the manufacture of MDF facades is possible even in garage conditions, "on the knee".

PVC film for MDF facades

PVC film for cladding furniture facades MDF is made from a synthetic substance, hard polyvinyl chloride. When heated to a certain temperature, it becomes plastic, under the influence of vacuum tightly fits the MDF facade blank, repeating its relief, and when cooled, it retains its shape.

Due to the huge variety of colors, shades, patterns, embossing and textures, PVC film for MDF facades is able to imitate virtually any natural or artificial material, whether it be wood or stone, metal or fabric, leather or fantasy abstraction and other, other, other design ideas.

Besides , PVC film, used for cladding MDF facades, has many other positive qualities:

• It has a high degree of resistance to mechanical and chemical damage.
• Does not fade under the influence of ultraviolet radiation.
• It does not age, as it is based on the polymer polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
• Easily cleaned with household products from stains and dirt.
• As a rule, it has a low cost, especially PVC film from a Korean manufacturer.

Characteristics of MDF facades in PVC film

• First of all, it should be noted the widest choice for the implementation of design ideas. The ability to give the MDF facade any shape, create an intricate relief on its surface, and imitate a huge variety of materials, allows you to meet the most incredible requirements of a fastidious customer.
• Along with high quality and excellent appearance, MDF facades have a relatively low prime cost production. On the one hand, this is due to the low cost of the main materials: MDF furniture board and PVC film. On the other hand, there is the possibility of partial or complete automation of production.
• The manufacturing technology of MDF facades is so simple that even a start-up enterprise with limited opportunities for additional capital investments can master it. To start the production of MDF facades in PVC film, you only need to purchase membrane vacuum press. The rest of the necessary equipment, as a rule, is available from each furniture manufacturer.
• Due to its fibrous structure, MDF holds furniture fittings better, does not dry out over time and does not lose its qualities.
• The resistance of MDF to moisture makes it possible to produce MDF kitchen fronts, as well as bathroom furniture.
• Environmental Safety. The production technology of MDF facades does not provide for the use of materials hazardous to health. And the level of formaldehyde emission from MDF boards is comparable in safety to natural wood.

Of course, MDF facades in PVC film also have a number of disadvantages. First of all, it is worth noting the weak resistance to high temperatures. For example, on kitchen cabinets, the heat from the stove heats the facades, the adhesive layer softens, and the film begins to peel off and curl.

Production of furniture facades: a plan for starting a business

Most often this is caused by low-quality glue or incorrectly selected pressing mode in the manufacture of facades.

Another disadvantage of facades in the film, upon closer examination, is the presence of irregularities and shagreen on the surface. The fact is that when applying glue to MDF, barely noticeable villi can rise. In the process of vacuum cladding, the PVC film copies the relief of the facade, including them.

Painting MDF facades

The disadvantages of MDF facades in PVC film are absolutely not characteristic of painted facades. On the one hand, the paint layer is able to withstand much higher temperatures than the film. On the other hand, after painting, the facades undergo a grinding and polishing procedure, so they have an almost mirror-like surface. It is these basic qualities that painted MDF facades have won the trust of the consumer.

To diversify the range of furniture production with painted MDF facades, significant additional capital investments will not be required, since the equipment used to prepare MDF blanks for cladding in film and for painting is identical. Here it is worth highlighting one aspect of the technological process - labor intensity. But there are other pluses and gifts in this case. Painting, grinding and polishing MDF facades require a significant amount of skilled labor, which increases their cost by an order of magnitude.

However, the main advantage of film facades over "paint" is the ability to imitate a variety of natural and artificial materials. Thus, the use of MDF facades in PVC film in the manufacture of furniture for the kitchen, bedroom, hallway or office will always be profitable, beautiful and in demand. So, manufacturing technology MDF facades in the future, it should be mastered by every furniture manufacturer developing its enterprise.

The relevance of the production of MDF facades is justified by the regular demand for these products. Despite the high price compared to chipboard materials, medium-density furniture fronts emit less toxic substances and have greater strength, which makes them so popular in the market for quality building products. In Russia, the need for MDF is more than 200,000 cubic meters per year.

MDF facades are a medium-density building material for furniture and paneling, which is made by cutting fibreboard, milling and applying a film or painting.

From English MDF - Medium Density Fiberboard - medium density fiberboard.

Range

• by application (furniture, interior doors);
• by type of coating (PVC film, painting, etc.);
• by type of milling (embossed, 3D);
• by inserts (stained-glass window, lattice, glass);
• in shape (curved, curved, flat).

In addition to facades, MDF is made of:

• floor coverings;
• Wall panels;
• dropped ceilings;
• molded products;
• decorative items, etc.

Sales market

Organization of production

The production of MDF facades requires the work of 1-3 specialists.

Production of MDF furniture facades as a business

The area of ​​the required premises is 100 sq.m. The pressing room should be free of dust and the temperature should be maintained at a level of at least 15 degrees. The raw materials for production are MDF boards, PVC film and glue.

Necessary equipment

Feasibility study

Capital expenditures

• Equipment - 0.8 million rubles.
• Additional equipment - 0.1 million rubles.
• Delivery and installation - 0.2 million rubles.
• Preparation of the premises - 0.2 million rubles.
• Inventory for 2 months - 0.3 million rubles.
• Business registration and other expenses - 0.1 million rubles.

Total start-up costs: 1 700 000 rubles.

Calculation of revenue when working 2 people

* Business profitability is indicated according to the expert opinion of the author of the article.

Questions and answers on the topic

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In the USA, where marketing is considered a sacred science, almost a religion, they are convinced that housewives are the driving force behind any business. “In American families, a man formally manages the household budget, but in reality it is a woman,” ironically marketing specialist Williams Scott from Philadelphia. - The concepts of many companies take this fact into account, focusing either on neutral models or models with a feminine touch. See how American kitchen furniture companies are thriving.”

Indeed, in the West, new houses and apartments have already been exhibited since kitchen sets However, in the secondary market, pre-sale preparation of real estate includes the renewal of furniture facades, primarily in kitchens. “Family women first go to the kitchen, then to the children's rooms, then to the bathrooms, and only then to the bedroom,” explains sales manager Eric Bormann in Germany. “Single women or just married women in conversations are interested in the bedroom, but they still go to the kitchen first.”

It can be argued with a high degree of probability that similar predilections prevail in Russia as well. “Demand for kitchen facades will be provided by housewives,” an expert from the startup community, Ph.D. n. Associate Professor Igor Malyugin. - At the same time, this entrepreneurship is far from being as simple as it seems. It has pitfalls that many startups have crashed on.” We decided to talk about what an entrepreneur who took over needs to know.

There are many materials for kitchen facades. Of particular interest are the facades made of solid wood. This is a classic of kitchen sets, at the same time, the high cost of this production, primarily due to the high cost of high-quality raw material, sharply narrows consumer qualities. “The price of kitchen sets with solid wood facades can start from one hundred thousand rubles,” states Igor Malyugin. - A piece production of facades under the order can raise the price even higher. In addition, standard facades, even the simplest country-style ones, require special painting.” Of course, such production can only be successful if demand is stable.

Dull facades made of chipboard, which until recently were the main material for kitchen sets in our country, are a thing of the past. MDF is being replaced with PVC films as a coating, as well as wood and glass. The lot of laminated chipboard is economy class kitchens with low added value. “For small businesses, this material will not provide the necessary level of profitability,” says Anton Yaroshenko, an entrepreneur from the Volga region. - Given the low production volumes and the level of manual labor, as a rule, characteristic of small firms, production should be built on the basis of modern technologies - this is MDF with PVC film. According to the expert, the high aesthetic and operational properties of such facades guarantee a decent level of profitability. However, when starting the production of such facades, one should decide on the technology for applying PVC films on MDF boards.

The king of facades - postforming

The choice of one or another facade production technology predetermines the starting costs. For example, softforming, until recently the most popular technology among furniture makers, is leaving the stage and giving way to postforming. “The reason lies in the relative simplicity of the production of high-quality facades by this method,” businessman Sergey Samokhvalov is convinced. “All it takes is a press, a cutting machine and a facing machine.”

At the same time, the entrance ticket to this business is expensive. For information: membrane press ORMA(Italy) costs 67,600 euros and focuses on high-quality Japanese film. The Chinese clone of this press costs already 15 thousand euros. Meanwhile, high-quality and at the same time inexpensive presses are produced in Russia for covering furniture facades of MDF and other similar products with PVC films and natural veneer, for example, a mini-press with pneumatic lifting of the desktop for radius facades Maxim DIP, which can be bought for 230 thousand rubles.

By the way, there are craftsmen who claim that it is possible to organize the production of furniture facades for almost a penny. “For several years I worked in one of the divisions of a furniture manufacturing company,” Anatoly Komarov shares his experience at the New Ideas in Furniture Manufacturing business forum. - Specifically, he was engaged in the manufacture of facades for cabinet furniture, in particular, kitchen furniture. The firm has collapsed. But the work remains." According to the entrepreneur, they later made a home-made installation for, in which “an aluminum tire is heated, post-formed plastic is bent on it. They made countertops, kitchen facades, bar counters. Non-standard products. Enclosures for speakers. Branded installations cost more than $ 10,000. We spent about 30 thousand rubles on installation and worked for almost two years.

Thus, for the production of facades from MDF with PVC film, a cutting machine and a press are required. Actually, you can cut the plates manually, using a power tool. The lion's share of spending at the start will go to the press. At the same time, powder coating of MDF facades can be used, however, for this method it is necessary to have special equipment.

“We cut facade blanks on a panel saw,” Anatoly Komarov shares his experience. - Semicircular chamfers were removed with a milling cutter. The skin was polished. On some facades, some patterns were made with a finger cutter according to the template. At first they tried to paint with enamels, like how cars paint. Terrible headache. There is such a bad concept -
swelling of fibers on MDF. When covered with primer, polished to a shine. You start to paint - as small needles rise. And with powder coating it turned out ... at the plant, where there was a line for powder coating of metal parts. Painted on all sides in one coat. The trick was in the fastening - how to fasten the door so that there are no traces left.

“On the whole, it's a worthy cause,” Anton Yaroshenko is convinced. - Now, of course, if you have experience, you can set up this production inexpensively, say, for five hundred thousand in very small areas. It will easily take several months to debug the technology so that there is no further marriage. If you manage to establish a stable sales, for example, through building materials stores, then you can make good money.”

Case parts are an integral component of any furniture. Previously, only blanks from wooden boards were used for their manufacture. But the emergence of new materials has made significant adjustments. A set of fiberboard processing machines can be the backbone of a profitable business. But for this it is necessary to choose the right equipment for the production of MDF facades.

Line equipment

The first step in planning a new line for the production of processed panels is to decide on important initial indicators. The first is the overall budget. Based on it, the optimal set of equipment is selected, the line performance is calculated.

There are additional factors that directly affect the purchase of equipment:

• The total area of ​​the premises. After the installation of the equipment, there should be free space for the working personnel and movement from one processing zone to another.
• A place to store raw materials. In order for the machine for the production of MDF facades to work as efficiently as possible, it is necessary to reduce the time for the tray of workpieces for processing.
• Provide a mechanism to check product quality after passing through each stage of manufacturing. This also applies to the storage conditions of finished products.

Having fulfilled these conditions, you can proceed to the selection of equipment for arranging the line.

Workpiece processing

After accepting MDF sheets, checking their quality, it is necessary to perform cutting. According to the received drawings, a cutting map is drawn up, which will ensure the minimum remaining scraps. Even high-tech equipment for the production of MDF facades without a professional program for the preparation of technical documentation will not be able to perform all its functions.

For cutting sheets, a formatted circular saw is required. The sheet is mounted on a movable frame and cut into blanks according to the cutting plan. Depending on the type of equipment, the procedure can be carried out in manual or automatic modes.

With small volumes of production, you can not purchase this machine. Currently, there are specialized companies that sell MDF with the right dimensions.

Milling

After that, it is necessary to perform surface treatment of the workpiece. It includes the formation of patterns on the MDF plane by milling, the creation of mounting grooves on the edges of the sheet.

Often the production of MDF facades is part of an assembly line for the manufacture of furniture or interior doors. The classic models of these products must necessarily have a three-dimensional pattern on the surface, which is formed by milling. If the budget does not allow you to purchase a CNC device, then you can make the processing equipment yourself.

To do this, you need to make a table, the dimensions of which must exceed the dimensions of the largest workpiece. A movable frame with a milling unit is attached to it. Drawing templates are laid on the MDF surface, according to which the sheet is processed. It should be noted that the process will take much longer than when using a CNC machine. However, with further modernization, you can replace the home-made device with a more advanced factory model.

Upon completion of the manufacture of the pattern, the MDF is processed by a grinder and sent to the final stage of production - painting or laminating.

Film pasting

Applying a certain shade to the surface of the product is an important stage in the manufacture of decorative panels. To do this, you need to purchase a membrane-vacuum press for the production of MDF facades.

When choosing a particular model, you should pay attention to its functional characteristics. The simplest equipment fixes the paint layer on the MDF surface by thermal action. Machines with a more sophisticated device are capable of applying a decorative PVC film, as well as processing curved facades.

When buying, special attention should be paid to the presence of a silicone membrane. It limits the area of ​​influence on the desktop. This is necessary for processing small batches of workpieces.

Professional equipment for the production of MDF facades should include a cutting machine that processes the edge. After that, the product enters the packaging area.

Preparing for storage and transport

According to the technological scheme, full packaging of MDF panels is not recommended. Possible ingress of moisture inside can lead to swelling and loss of geometric shape. For proper preparation for storage, it is necessary to purchase special equipment for the production of MDF facades.

The packaging machine processes the edges of the product, leaving its middle open. In the future, cardboard panels are attached to it, protecting it from mechanical stress. It is best to store MDF facades in a vertical position, as this eliminates the change in geometry.

When choosing a specific production line, it is recommended to purchase equipment from one manufacturer. This will make it possible to select the machines that are optimal in terms of productivity.