Semi-hipped gable roof construction. How to make a semi-hip gable roof with your own hands? Disadvantages of a roof with half hips

To better understand what a half-hip roof attaches to, you can imagine a design that looks like something intermediate between a hip variety and a simple gable.

Distinguishes semi-hip design from the rest of the trapezoidal pediment.

There are a lot of characteristics of such a design that you should pay attention to and understand them before proceeding with the installation.

Basically, they construct a half-hip structure for attics. The roof can be gable and four-slope, in which there is a corresponding number of cut triangular edges. The location of such sections - above the end walls.

This is what distinguishes the half-hip from a similar hip design. Roof slopes are symmetrically located in relation to the axial beams and have equal angles of inclination.

If we consider such a design from the positive side, then the following points can be distinguished:

• High water resistance ensured due to the fact that the structure contains slopes located on all sides;
• Increased level of weather protection created due to the presence of cornice hip overhangs;
• Increased attic space, thanks to the half-hip design;
• Half hip can be installed in the climatic zone, which is characterized by extreme weather conditions. She is very durable;
• The appearance of the half-hip design is very spectacular and beautiful. By design, it fits frame houses located both in the city and outside the city;
• Design resists vibration well due to the presence of a low profile in the roof system.

Regarding the shortcomings, the following can be said:

• Large equipment of the rafter system and the entire roof structure with various structural elements creates many difficulties in the process of construction and installation roofs;
• Half hip construction requires high material costs, which require a sufficiently large number;
• roofing also quite hard to set up;

It is not easy to design such a variety on your own, everything depends on the construction of the truss system. This system characterized by many differences compared to conventional gable and shed roofs.

Half-hipped roof: photo below.

House with a hipped roof

Frame house with half hip roof

Semi-hipped roof: truss system

The rafter system is much more complicated than the hip variety of the roof, it is represented by trapezoids and various polygons, in addition, the hips themselves are also of a different shape.

From the species diversity of the semi-hips are presented:

• Dutch variety- it is represented by a hip, cut off from the bottom, and from the point of the cornice there is a pediment that has a trapezoid shape;
• Danish variety- designed in the reverse order, a trapezoidal hip is located from the cornice, above which small triangular pediments are mounted.

There are two types of rafter system for such a roof, it depends on which rafters are used to build the structure:

1. Layered type. This type of rafter legs is supported not only on the ridge and Mauerlat, but also on intermediate supporting elements. Such supports can be walls or racks, which are located on the floor beams during installation.
2. hanging type. This type of rafters does not have intermediate support elements.

The listed elements create a truss system:

• Ordinary rafters. They are supported by a Mauerlat beam and a ridge located perpendicular to them. The design is similar to that of a conventional gable roof.. Their length is the distance from the ridge beam to the wall of the structure.
• Diagonal rafters. Such elements form a half-hip, otherwise they are called corner rafters. Schematically, they can be represented as the faces of an isosceles triangle in the roof structure. In other rafter systems, for example, in a hip or tent similar element has the longest length, in this case, diagonally located rafter legs may be shorter than half the total length of the slope.
• Narozhniki. Otherwise called half-legs or short rafters. Necessary for connecting diagonal rafters with Mauerlat.
• supports. Located on each overlapping beam in the truss system layered type.
• Skate (beam). The place where all rafter legs of both slopes converge at their top. A solid type crate is attached along this element, to increase the strength of this part of the structure.
• Auxiliary elements. Any elements that serve to increase the strength and reliability of the entire system. They can be represented by struts, crossbars, beds, braces, etc.

ATTENTION!

To increase the strength of the rafter system, special ties are mounted in it, connecting elements located on opposite sides. The installation of additional screeds is carried out flush with the ceilings or at the level of the middle of the rafters.

Scheme of the truss system

roofing cake

To any roof, regardless of its type there is not one layer of material, but several.

This solution allows you to provide the roof with all the necessary characteristics and properties for comfortable life.

The composition and structure of roof owls may vary depending on its purpose and variety.

With regards to the half-hip, such a roofing cake is represented by the following layers:

• Interior finishing materials;
• crate;
• vapor barrier material;
• Counter grille;
• insulation material;
• Waterproofing;
• Ventilation system;
• Roofing material.

Each material in the "pie" of the roof is designed to perform certain functions, Much depends on the correct installation of such a system..

All materials must be properly selected in accordance with the individual characteristics and parameters of the structure.

The roofing pie is laid in the same way in all types of roofs, the crate is mounted in the first place, on which materials are subsequently attached alternately.

roofing cake

The process of building a semi-hip roof

It is better to break the whole construction process into several separate stages, understanding the essence of which the construction will take place easily and without errors.

Process steps:

• Mauerlat construction. The process of building this part of the system may or may not be similar to that of a traditional frame. In the second case, the installation is carried out in such a way that the beam was flush with the outer walls(their inner part), in the center of the load-bearing walls and on the same level with the gable walls (also their inner surface).
• Placement of floor beams. beam are placed perpendicular to the Mauerlat bars of the main load-bearing walls. If in such a structure there is a weak point when they are connected, then it is placed above the load-bearing wall.
• Installation of supports. Racks located on the edge, are decisive in the length of the main sections of the roof. Ordinary racks are placed at the same distance to evenly distribute the load on the roof. Before proceeding with fixing, checking their vertical location is carried out using a plumb line or a more accurate laser device. After fastening is done, racks supplement for a certain period of time with the aid of ancillaries.
• Rafter installation. This stage is carried out as standard, using technology for layered and hanging rafters. This stage is not particularly difficult.
• Installation of diagonal rafters. To manufacture and install diagonal rafters, a number of specific actions are carried out that ensure high accuracy of the process.

rafters

Mauerlat installation

Diagram of installation of diagonal rafters:

1. Initially carry out the installation of cutting boards, which is located flush with the gable Mauerlat (its outer side). The dimensions of the board are basically equal to 50x150 mm. It is temporarily nailed in order to fix its position and not to drop it. This part of the design is necessary for the accuracy of measuring the position of the cut..
2. Further using a board of arbitrary sizes, which is laid on 3-4 ordinary rafters parallel to the skate. The accuracy of the horizontal position is checked using a level or tape measure. After that, the board is pulled up to the segment that was nailed earlier. At the intersection there will be a point at which the future horizontal cut should pass.
3. A board measuring 50x200mm is sawn in such a way that a diagonal element is obtained. To do this, first apply it to the upper edge of the truss truss. This process is best done by two people in order to be able to simultaneously hold the board and apply markings. On the outer part, which is deployed towards the half-hip, a line is marked that runs along the axis in the center.
4. Further measure the top notch, which is necessary for accuracy when calculating the lower node. The measured distance is laid in the upper direction along the Mauerlat at four points, which follow the outline of the rafter in 3D.
5. The last step in production making cuts in marked places. If there were no errors in the process and there were no errors, then you can immediately make the remaining diagonal rafters.
6. Before Installing Side Rafters it is necessary to remove the auxiliary edge of the board from the gable Mauerlat. The manufactured rafters are installed in the right places and fixed with metal brackets, corners or nails. From the bottom, it is best to fasten with corners.

Manufacturing and installation of hip legs. The distance that the rafter leg should rise relative to its lower part be sure to measure and the result is postponed from the top of the skate and also mark. From this point, a lace is stretched, along which they are guided in the further process of installing the rafters in the central part of the structure.

To mount the leg of the semi-hip design, you must:

1. Measure the angle b, which is between the cord and the support post. It is better to measure with a protractor or bevel.
2. Measure the angle f located between the diagonal elements. Such a measurement will allow you to correctly determine the angle at which the heels are washed down from above, grinding two edges. Thus, the rafter will be tightly located in the node after installation.
3. Using a board with parameters 50x150 mm, they washed down at an angle b, after which the board is undermined until a ledge is obtained, the parameters of which will be equal to the angle f.
4. Very important every time to try on the received elements to avoid errors and inaccuracies.
5. The installation of this element is carried out on top of the laces to provide the opportunity to measure the amount by which the workpiece rises above the ridge assembly.
6. The resulting parameter is moved down to determine the depth of the bottom cut. This value is measured only in the vertical plane, after which a horizontal line is drawn. This is the line where the bottom of the knot will be cut.
7. After that, mark the line for washed down from below. To determine this point, using a tape measure, set aside the parameter for the width of the eaves and lower the vertical from this point, which intersects the workpiece of the hip rafter.
8. After all these measurements have been taken, do not rush to start installing the rafter leg. The resulting element is a template for the manufacture of sprigs.
9. Make a noodle in the same way, but sawing the timber only on one side by an angle value equal to f / 2. In the lower node, too, everything is simple - all passing lines are arranged symmetrically. After the completion of the manufacture of sprigs, all available elements are fixed in a standard way.

Completion of construction. When the roof truss system is ready, the last step is filing the cornices and building a crate for laying materials for the roof pie. After completing the laying of all the necessary layers, regarding the individual roof structure, the installation of the roofing is carried out.

Conclusion

Despite the complexity of the design of the half-hip, having understood the essence of the process, you can easily cope with the task of erecting such a roof. The most difficult thing in the installation process is to equip the end parts of the roof system, so it’s worth starting to understand the process from these stages.

In contact with

When choosing a project for the construction of a private house with their own hands, they take into account not only the practical side of the issue, but also the aesthetic one, because it will become the “face” of the site. More often than not, prospective homeowners choose with their hearts, as they say, making decisions based on what they find attractive and what they don't. Perhaps that is why the original, unusual half-hip roof has become so popular.

Responding to customer requests, architects and designers are creating more and more projects with a half-hip roof, which is also called Dutch. Having extensive experience in private housing construction, they explain their choice not only by its aesthetics, but also by its high functionality, which will be appreciated by residents of regions with a harsh, windy climate. Under what conditions to opt for such a structure and how the process of building it with your own hands, read in a specially prepared material.

Design features

The design of a half-hipped roof cannot be called simple either in design or in do-it-yourself installation, as it is a cocktail of the positive qualities of a simple gable and hip,. If we talk about the appearance, then in the shape of the pediments it resembles a trapezoid, which is formed due to the hip elements, cutting off the top of the triangle. Due to its structure, a semi-hip gable roof has several advantages:

1. Streamlined shape. Due to the absence of sharp corners, the half-hipped roof has excellent wind load resistance, which is a significant plus in regions with constant strong winds, when building in open areas, in mountainous regions.
2. Rational use of attic space. The semi-hip roof frame allows you to equip a spacious utility room for seasonal storage or even a living room that is not inferior in comfort to the first floor.
3. High variability. By changing the angle of slopes, architects create roofs with a unique design, adapted to the conditions of almost any region of our country.
4. Original look. Where mostly triangular gables predominate, a half-hipped roof against their background looks like a new word in private construction.

Possible difficulties

Interest in building a semi-hip roof with your own hands is very commendable, but you must understand that only professional roofers can do it. You can participate in it personally, with your own hands, if you work under the guidance of an experienced craftsman who will draw up a drawing. During preparation and installation, you may experience the following difficulties:

• Large consumption of building materials. Due to the complex geometry of the slopes, weighted with hip elements, more roofing material and wood for the rafter system will be required, which will affect the cost of the work.
• High level of work complexity. Many additional structural support elements, ribs, ends make installation difficult for low-skilled workers. So, it will not be possible to save on hiring a professional team. To start work, calculations and drawings will be required.
• Big weight. The complex roof frame, which includes a massive truss system and a large area of ​​roofing material, requires a reinforced foundation that can withstand such loads.

Nevertheless, we assure that the information received about the half-hip gable roof will be useful. After reading this article, you will easily “read” the drawings, find out how the installation process should take place and be able to show off your knowledge of terms in front of the masters.

As already mentioned, the roof truss system with hips is difficult to assemble with your own hands, it includes both elements that are available in a gable roof and new ones. It is characterized by the following scheme:

• Mauerlat. This is a square support beam that acts as a base for the roof slopes. It distributes the weight of the roof over the top surface of the bearing wall and transfers it to the foundation. Unlike a gable roof, a hip Mauerlat is installed not on two partitions, but on four. They are also equipped with the ends of the gables, bearing the load from the hip elements.
• Racks. Vertical supports made of timber supporting rafter legs or a ridge, eliminating their deflection under their own weight. Racks are installed on a bed or puff, depending on the type of truss system.
• Sill. This is essentially the same Mauerlat installed on an internal load-bearing wall. Drains and struts are installed on it.
• Skate ride. A bar on which ordinary rafter legs are connected, the highest point, the peak of the roof.
• Rafter rafters. Diagonal rafter leg that extends from the ridge to the corner of the building. They are longer than ordinary ones and must withstand a greater load, since the sprigs rely on them. Therefore, for their manufacture, the cross section of the beam is doubled or two boards used for ordinary rafters are fastened together.
• Ordinary rafters. Rafters from boards 100x150 mm, one side resting on the ridge run, and the other on the Mauerlat, laid on the external load-bearing walls. They are installed in a row with a step of 60-120 cm, depending on the width of the insulation, and look exactly like a gable triangular roof.
• Half-legs. Shortened rafters, the upper part attached to the diagonal, and the lower part to the Mauerlat.
• Filly. The structure is made of boards of a section smaller than the rafter legs, which serve to form the overhang of the roof and the cornice, which protects the walls from precipitation and wind.

Types of truss systems

Depending on the layout of the future building, the truss system can vary significantly. There are two types:

Roofers are advised to use a layered type of truss system for DIY assembly, if possible. So the roof structure is more resistant to external loads, there is more space for arranging the attic.

Mounting sequence

The construction of a semi-hip roof is a complex, painstaking process that can only be entrusted to professionals. They mount the roof in the following sequence:

After the completion of the external work, they move on to the internal. For. In order to use the attic room as a living space, the half-hip roof must be insulated, its frame is sheathed with decorative material. When the work is completed, it will only be necessary to regularly inspect the roof, monitor its condition, and carry out preventive repairs with your own hands.

Video instruction

The truss system is, one might say, the most important component of the roof. It is this system that is the framework for all other elements. In any truss system there are basic components. They are present in any similar design. But the very layout of the rafters, struts and other elements can be different. It all depends on the type of roof. And what is the truss system of a semi-hip roof? What are its features and how to build it? This will be discussed in the article.

Varieties

The truss system of a semi-hipped roof is a rather complex structure. It may not work to build it with your own hands, without the help of professionals. But before proceeding to the study of the nuances of its construction, you should deal with the type of roof itself. The half-hip design can be made in two forms, namely:

1. Dutch variant. Here, the half-hipped roof has two slopes. At the same time, in the lower part of the ends there is a large trapezoidal pediment. From above, it is crowned with a hip in the form of a triangle.
   
2. The half-hip Danish roof has a different design. Here the vertical pediment is located on top. Next comes a large slope or hip. In this case, it has a trapezoidal shape.
   

There are other types of half-hip roofs. Their designs can combine Dutch and Danish styles. But in any case, the design and installation of a half-hip roof truss system is a rather difficult job.

Pros and cons

The half-hipped roof is not used so often. First of all, this is due to the rather complex truss system. Most often, the construction of such a structure is trusted by professional builders. If you do not have the proper experience in carpentry, then it is better not to choose a half-hip roof for your home.

In addition, financial costs increase significantly. Rafters and other elements will need more. In addition, they have different sizes. All this significantly increases the cost of the project.

But the half-hipped roof has its advantages. These experts include the following:

• Firstly, under such a roof you can place a living space. There will be plenty of space on the attic floor;
• secondly, the appearance of the semi-hip roof is very attractive. This design will become a real decoration of your home;
• also such a roof is a good protection against precipitation. Regardless of the angle of inclination of the slope, snow, as a rule, practically does not accumulate on them. And this means that the operation of the roof will not require much effort from you;
• Another advantage is heat saving. The semi-valm does not allow the cold to penetrate inside, which will help reduce the cost of heating the attic floor;
• a half-hipped roof can withstand even very strong winds. Of course, much will depend on the quality of the materials used in the construction, the accuracy of the calculations and the correct construction of the truss system.

Therefore, if you have experience in carpentry, and you are sure that you can handle the complex structure of the truss system, then this roof option is quite suitable for you.

Preparatory stage

Any business, especially if it concerns construction, must begin with planning. First of all, you should draw up a diagram. The truss system of a semi-hipped roof has a rather complex device. But at the same time, drawing up its scheme does not differ much from the same work in the construction of other types of roofs.

First of all, you need to do the calculations. You need to decide on the following parameters:

When calculating the angle of inclination of the slope, it is also important to consider what kind of roofing material your half-hip roof will be covered with. Each manufacturer indicates its optimal parameters, under which their products will work most efficiently.

When calculating the load, first of all, the amount of snow cover is taken into account. In addition, the effect of the wind must also be taken into account. This type of load depends not only on the weather conditions in your area, but also on the angle of inclination of the slope of the half-hip roof, and the weight of all materials that will be used in construction should also be taken into account.

After all the preliminary calculations, a drawing of the half-hip roof truss system is drawn up. It indicates the location of all structural elements, it is better that it be more accurate and detailed. In this case, the installation of the half-hip roof truss system will be easier and without errors.

The nuances of the construction of the Dutch version

The device of the truss system of a semi-hip roof, as mentioned earlier, is quite difficult. Therefore, starting the construction, you should first get acquainted with all the nuances of the upcoming work. If you decide to use a Dutch-type semi-hip roof, then the installation of the truss system is carried out as follows:

If we are talking about the Danish version of the half-hip roof, then there are no big differences in the installation of the truss system. But there are some nuances. In the Danish version, the trapezoid-shaped rafter legs of the slopes do not fit the ridge bar. Here they will rest with their upper part against the surf bar. This element is the base of the vertical pediment. It is fixed to the rafters of the side slopes of the roof.

During the construction of the truss system of the semi-hip roof, only high-quality materials should be used. Pine is best suited for these purposes. In addition to the main structural elements in the form of rafters, additional elements are also included here. Braces are mandatory. They are necessary to strengthen the long rafters. Crossbars, sprengels and other elements can also be used.

The step or distance between the rafters is chosen depending on the load that will affect the entire system. As a rule, this parameter lies in the range from fifty to one hundred centimeters.

When installing rafters about other elements, it is important not to forget about insulation and waterproofing. As a rule, a half-hip roof is used in cases where the owner of the house wants to make an attic floor instead of an attic. In this case, it is impossible to do without roof insulation and additional vapor and waterproofing.

Half-hip roofs are one of the most interesting options borrowed from northern European architecture. Their streamlined shape is extremely adapted to gusty winds. Shortened triangular slopes allow you to significantly expand the boundaries of the useful attic space without placing a massive roof structure on the walls.

They look stylish on buildings of any number of storeys and purposes. The only drawback lies in the difficult construction technology. However, those who know how the half-hip roof truss system is built will do the job without any problems.

The semi-hip "family" cannot be unconditionally attributed to the four-slope class. Moreover, it clearly served as a parent base for development. Rather, it is a commonwealth of structures with two and four slopes, the construction of which predetermines the use of both methods of construction.

The semi-hip category differs from the hipped parents in that the characteristic triangular element of hipped roofs is shortened. A part of the vertical gable of a stone house or a similar gable of a wooden structure adjoins it. The shortened hip, of course, is located at an angle to the indicated gable walls. The angle between them can be convex or concave, and the half-hip is located above or below.

According to the shape and location of the structural components, half-hipped roofs are divided into two main varieties:

• Dutch. Roof with a trapezoidal semi-hip occupying the lower part of the gable slope. The upper base of the trapezoid adjoins the vertical triangle, together with which they form most often a concave angle, less often a convex one. The triangle can be solid or equipped with a dormer window.
• Danish. A roof with a triangular semi-hip occupying the upper part of the end segment. The base of the triangle rests on a vertical trapezoidal pediment, together they create a convex angle. The Danish version is very similar to the usual hip roof, only its end slopes are shorter.

Based on the two basic varieties, many variations with a half-hip theme have been developed. Among them are not only structures that differ in height, size of slopes, angle of inclination, shape of elements. There are hipped roofs, all sides of which are built according to the Danish or Dutch principle, there are buildings that have a shortened hip only on one end or on one side.

In all structural combinations, part of the rafter legs is mounted according to the rules for constructing frames for gable roofs, i.e. hanging or layered way. Hanging rafters are installed if the equipped box does not have an internal load-bearing wall or it is not possible to install supports for the ridge run. The layered technique, on the contrary, is implemented when a reliable support exists or can be arranged for the upper heels of the rafter legs of a gable roof segment. The lower heels of both types of rafters are supposed to be based on the Mauerlat, on the upper crown of the log house that replaces it, or on the floor beams.

Regardless of the number of design versions, the construction of the truss system is based on one of the main half-hip methods or on their combined use. Having dealt with them, you can understand how to apply Danish or Dutch technology in arranging your own home and how to combine the usual pitched part of the roof with shortened hips.

Dutch roof truss system

The construction of a structure with a trapezoidal short hip and a triangular pediment above it differs little from the construction of a traditional four-slope type. True, in terms of the scheme of the truss system of the Dutch-type half-hipped roof, it does not resemble a sealed postal envelope. It looks more like a rectangle divided in two with trapezoids along the edges of the end sides. True, until the stage of construction of short slopes, all work is carried out in a similar way.

The process of building the base case

First, the supports are installed for laying the ridge run. Instead of separate support posts, a frame can be used, the upper side of which will serve as a run for the future roof. Then ordinary rafter legs are installed. Technological differences begin with the installation of diagonal legs and dutch half hips. After all, they are obliged to form the plane of a shortened pentagonal slope, and not a full-fledged triangular hip, as in standard four-slope roofs.

The goal is achieved by installing a horizontal jumper-surf, to the corners of which diagonal rafters are connected by a notch. Some of the sprigs, located in the center of the future slope, are fixed on horseback to the surf with nails or corners. The remaining sprigs are mounted in the usual way: to the diagonal rafter on top, to the Mauerlat or floor beam at the bottom.

To ensure rigidity in the half-hip zone, the areas where the jumper is attached to ordinary rafters are reinforced with struts. The extreme roof trusses on both sides are made double. The places of fixation of the jumper to the rack and to the rafters are additionally strengthened with short pieces - pieces of the board nailed from below. They will prevent deformation of the structure when the load is exceeded.

The triangular part of the pediment rising above the shortened hip is sheathed with a board or sheet material. However, reasonable owners arrange small windows in a vertical triangle for natural light and ventilation.

The photo selection will acquaint you with the common types of Dutch roofs of the semi-hip variety and the forms of the truss systems:

Holland mix with Denmark

As usual, the basic Dutch version has become the basis for the development of a lot of modifications. According to one of them, the place of the gable triangle is occupied by a half-hip of a similar configuration. With a pentagonal shortened slope, it forms a convex rather than a concave angle. It should be noted that concave corners also take place in a number of architectural solutions. In plan, the scheme is similar to a familiar envelope, but the projection of the hip components is different.

The difference is in the construction algorithm. At the stages of construction of the gable part of the roof, work is carried out as dictated by layered or hanging technology. Then, in order to create a characteristic break, first of all, its shortened counterpart is mounted in front of the extreme ordinary truss truss, and diagonals are already attached to its corners. Further, everything is done according to the above plan and according to the drawings of the Dutch truss system for a half-hip roof. Only the upper hip triangle is constructed according to the Danish method.

Danish type truss frame

The Danish variety is no less interesting than its Dutch "girlfriend", but at the head of the rafter system, a slightly different method is laid. In fact, both types of roofs can be organized from two tiers erected on top of each other. This is how it is being built, which is quite suitable if an attic is to be located in the attic space. However, the broken method is noticeably more expensive and more troublesome than the half-hip method, which should be familiarized with due attention.

Building a Danish roof step by step

We have already found out that the short Danish hip has a triangular shape, and the pediment adjacent to it has a trapezoidal shape. In plan, the roof is very similar to the hip structure, but the shortened hips are much smaller and their angles do not match the angles of the roof.

Before construction, it is highly desirable to acquire a worthy project and make calculations for the elements of the truss frame. Toiling with calculating the size of each element is too dreary. According to experienced roofers, it is enough to calculate the longest part of the system. Other elements are allowed to be of equal or slightly smaller section.

The device of the ridge part of the frame

The construction of a half-hip frame begins according to the rules common to all roofs with the installation of a Mauerlat. It is necessary to support the lower heels of ordinary and hip rafter legs on it. It should be noted that the support will be carried out at different levels, because. the upper planes of the bearing walls and gables are at an unequal height.

The construction of the first stage of the truss system is carried out in four stages:

• Mauerlat construction. In the described example, it will not be similar to a traditional wooden frame. The bar for the Mauerlat device is laid in separate strips: 1 - flush with the inner surface of the outer walls, 2 - in the center of the inner load-bearing wall and 3 - flush with the inner plane of the gable walls.
• Laying floor beams. It is performed perpendicular to the Mauerlat bars of the main load-bearing walls. If it is necessary to join two beams, the weak point of the connection must be located above the load-bearing inner wall.
• Installation of supports for the ridge run on the inner wall. The extreme support posts determine the length of the main part of the roof. The distance between the row racks must be equal so that the load from the roof is distributed evenly. Before mounting, the verticality of the supports is checked with a plumb line or a more serious laser tool. After fastening, the position of the racks is temporarily supplemented with auxiliary jibs.
• Installation of ordinary rafter legs of the main part of the slopes, for which the traditional one is used.

There is no image of the floor beams in the example drawings, because it would interfere with grasping the principle of the process. In reality, there must be overlap.

Installation of diagonal rafters

The diagonal rafters of the Danish roof connect the edge of the ridge to the corners of the gables. For their manufacture and installation, a number of specific actions are carried out that allow you to perform work with sufficient accuracy:

• Flush with the outer plane of the gable Mauerlat, a piece of board with dimensions of 50 × 150 mm is installed. It should be temporarily baited with a couple of nails so as not to move or drop during the subsequent fitting. A trim is needed to mark the position of the cut in one fell swoop without unnecessary manipulation during fitting.
• A board of arbitrary sizes is laid on 3-4 ordinary rafters so that it is clearly parallel to the ridge run. The horizontality of a kind of landmark is controlled by measurements with a tape measure or a laser level gauge. Next, you need to tighten the board to a pre-nailed segment. The intersection of the board and the segment will indicate the point along which the horizontal line of the upcoming gash is drawn.
• A diagonal element of the truss system is made from a board 50 × 200mm. Traditionally, the fitting is done first. The board should be attached to the top of the extreme truss truss and to the cutting corner. It is better to work together: one holds the workpiece, the second marks.
• On the outside, i.e. turned to the half-hip, the side of the workpiece is drawn with a horizontal line clearly along the central axis.
• Taking into account the fact that a mirror element will tightly adjoin the manufactured rafter, a washed down line in the plane is marked on the inside. You can, of course, not immediately take into account the planar washed down, but correct both diagonal blanks later after the fact. It is more convenient for the master to decide on the spot.
• The value of the upper notch is measured. It is needed to set aside a measured distance below it for accurate drawing of the lower node. In the example, it is equal to 26cm.
• The 26 cm obtained by measurements are deposited upwards from the gable Mauerlat at four points, repeating the imaginary 3D contour of the rafter board.
• On firm ground, all marked cuts are performed - the diagonal leg is ready. If there were no special flaws in the construction of the box and the laying of the Mauerlat, you can immediately make a second rafter of the same half-hip.

Before installing the diagonal rafters, the pediment Mauerlat is freed from the auxiliary cutting of the board. Ready rafter legs move to their place and are securely fixed. Nails are suitable for fastening the upper heels, it is better to use corners below.

Manufacturing and installation of hip legs

The lower heel of the diagonal rafter leg rises above the Mauerlat to a distance that requires mandatory measurement. The result obtained should be postponed from the top of the ridge and noted. From the point found in this way, a lace is stretched to the middle of the pediment. It will serve as a guideline in the manufacture and installation of the central hip rafters.

In order to install the central leg of the half-hip, you must:

• Measure with a small - building goniometer the angle β, located between the cord and the support post. It will help to accurately draw the line of the upper gash.
• Measure the angle φ between the diagonal elements. It is needed to grind off two edges in the form of a chamfer on the upper heel for a tight fit into the knot.
• A board of suitable length with a section of 50 × 150 mm is first sawn at an angle β, then washed down on both sides so that an angular protrusion with a value of φ is obtained at the end.
• The workpiece must be tried on again. It is installed directly on top of the stretched laces in order to measure the amount of elevation of the workpiece above the ridge knot.
• The result is transferred down to determine the depth of the lower cut. In the example given, it is 6cm. They are laid strictly vertically, a horizontal line is drawn from the obtained point. The lines for washing down the cuts of the lower knot are ready.
• Immediately after the marking of the cut, the line of the lower washed down is marked. To do this, you need to set aside the width of the eaves with a tape measure and draw a vertical line from an imaginary point that intersects the workpiece of the hip rafter.
• After completing all the planned cuts, the hip leg is not attached immediately, but is used as a template for the production of sprigs.

To fill the hip slopes, people do not deviate from the studied methodology, but taking into account the actual size and specifics of the installation. The upper cut is undermined only on one side at an angle equal to φ / 2. With the lower node, everything is simple - all lines in the correct scenario should be symmetrical. Upon completion of the processing of the workpieces, all hip elements are installed and fastened like ordinary counterparts.

Similar actions are carried out in the manufacture and installation of the sprigs of the main slopes. To form the lower cuts, one of the hip elements is used. For the upper cut, a line is first drawn at an angle β, then it is ground from the required side at an angle obtained by calculating using the formula 90º-φ / 2.

Among the stages of preparation:

• Installation of gable fillies that form the end overhang. They are fastened with galvanized metal corners to the extreme sprigs of the main slopes, supported by notches on the inclined sectors of the shortened pediment. The installation step of the filly is approximately 1m. There must be a waterproofing gasket between the brick or concrete wall and the wooden elements. There is no reason to use expensive polymer or bitumen-polymer material. Under the filly, you can put pieces of roofing material or several layers of glassine.
• Installation of a windboard around the perimeter of the roof. They begin work by attaching a 50 × 150mm board to the gable and main overhangs. The length of the board for decorating the gable cornices is determined according to the project, adjusted after the fact. With a tape measure or lace from the diagonal rafter leg, you need to draw a straight line to the wind board of the pediment. Then it is necessary to check the future position of the diagonal rafter in relation to the angle of the wind sheathing with the indications of the project. The angled wind boards adjacent to the fillies are first tried on and sawed down, then attached.
• The diagonal elements are built up with a board of equal size. Splicing trite segments with a segment of an inch.

The Danish type truss frame is ready. It remains to hem the cornices and build a crate according to the technical features of the coating being laid on the roof.

The principle of building truss systems for roofs with shortened hips is not simple, but understandable. The difficulty lies only in the arrangement of the end parts, and we described the rules and specifics of their construction in as much detail as possible. Now it is necessary to apply the information received in practice: to practice construction yourself or to control the hired team.

The truss system is, one might say, the most important component of the roof. It is this system that is the framework for all other elements. In any truss system there are basic components. They are present in any similar design. But the very layout of the rafters, struts and other elements can be different. It all depends on the type of roof. And what is the truss system of a semi-hip roof? What are its features and how to build it? This will be discussed in the article.

Varieties

The truss system of a semi-hipped roof is a rather complex structure. It may not work to build it with your own hands, without the help of professionals. But before proceeding to the study of the nuances of its construction, you should deal with the type of roof itself. The half-hip design can be made in two forms, namely:

There are other types of half-hip roofs. Their designs can combine Dutch and Danish styles. But in any case, the design and installation of a half-hip roof truss system is a rather difficult job.

Pros and cons

The half-hipped roof is not used so often. First of all, this is due to the rather complex truss system. Most often, the construction of such a structure is trusted by professional builders. If you do not have the proper experience in carpentry, then it is better not to choose a half-hip roof for your home.

In addition, financial costs increase significantly. Rafters and other elements will need more. In addition, they have different sizes. All this significantly increases the cost of the project.

But the half-hipped roof has its advantages. These experts include the following:

• Firstly, under such a roof you can place a living space. There will be plenty of space on the attic floor;
• secondly, the appearance of the semi-hip roof is very attractive. This design will become a real decoration of your home;
• also such a roof is a good protection against precipitation. Regardless of the angle of inclination of the slope, snow, as a rule, practically does not accumulate on them. And this means that the operation of the roof will not require much effort from you;
• Another advantage is heat saving. The semi-valm does not allow the cold to penetrate inside, which will help reduce the cost of heating the attic floor;
• a half-hipped roof can withstand even very strong winds. Of course, much will depend on the quality of the materials used in the construction, the accuracy of the calculations and the correct construction of the truss system.

Therefore, if you have experience in carpentry, and you are sure that you can handle the complex structure of the truss system, then this roof option is quite suitable for you.

Any business, especially if it concerns construction, must begin with planning. First of all, you should draw up a diagram. The truss system of a semi-hipped roof has a rather complex device. But at the same time, drawing up its scheme does not differ much from the same work in the construction of other types of roofs.

First of all, you need to do the calculations. You need to decide on the following parameters:

When calculating the angle of inclination of the slope, it is also important to consider what kind of roofing material your half-hip roof will be covered with. Each manufacturer indicates its optimal parameters, under which their products will work most efficiently.

When calculating the load, first of all, the amount of snow cover is taken into account. In addition, the effect of the wind must also be taken into account. This type of load depends not only on the weather conditions in your area, but also on the angle of inclination of the slope of the half-hip roof, and the weight of all materials that will be used in construction should also be taken into account.

After all the preliminary calculations, a drawing of the half-hip roof truss system is drawn up. It indicates the location of all structural elements, it is better that it be more accurate and detailed. In this case, the installation of the half-hip roof truss system will be easier and without errors.

This work requires knowledge of many nuances. Therefore, most often it is trusted by professionals. But if you want to do everything yourself, then you can use special programs or online calculators, we also recommend reading: calculation of the truss system.

The nuances of the construction of the Dutch version

The device of the truss system of a semi-hip roof, as mentioned earlier, is quite difficult. Therefore, starting the construction, you should first get acquainted with all the nuances of the upcoming work. If you decide to use a Dutch-type semi-hip roof, then the installation of the truss system is carried out as follows:

If we are talking about the Danish version of the half-hip roof, then there are no big differences in the installation of the truss system. But there are some nuances. In the Danish version, the trapezoid-shaped rafter legs of the slopes do not fit the ridge bar. Here they will rest with their upper part against the surf bar. This element is the base of the vertical pediment. It is fixed to the rafters of the side slopes of the roof.

During the construction of the truss system of the semi-hip roof, only high-quality materials should be used. Pine is best suited for these purposes. In addition to the main structural elements in the form of rafters, additional elements are also included here. Braces are mandatory. They are necessary to strengthen the long rafters. Crossbars, sprengels and other elements can also be used.

The step or distance between the rafters is chosen depending on the load that will affect the entire system. As a rule, this parameter lies in the range from fifty to one hundred centimeters.

When installing rafters about other elements, it is important not to forget about insulation and waterproofing. As a rule, a half-hip roof is used in cases where the owner of the house wants to make an attic floor instead of an attic. In this case, it is impossible to do without roof insulation and additional vapor and waterproofing.

What is the best roofing material to use?

The half-hipped roof is a rather complicated structure. To make it last for a long time, you should choose the right material for the roof. It must meet the following requirements:

When erecting the rafter system of a semi-hip roof, many places for attaching elements to each other are used. In addition, some rafters rest against others. Therefore, it is better to use roofing material with low weight. This is necessary in order to reduce the load.

The most optimal option can be considered a profiled sheet or metal tile. These materials have high strength and service life. Plus, they don't weigh much. Ceramic tiles are unlikely to fit. Mainly due to its large mass and the complexity of laying, read more: installation of metal tiles, how to cover the roof with corrugated board with your own hands.

When calculating the amount of materials for a semi-hip roof, it is worth considering what type it belongs to. The Dutch variety will have fewer folds. This means that there will be less scraps of roofing material.

Also, for a semi-hip roof, you can use a soft roof. Many use ondulin or euroslate. Such material is inexpensive, lasts a long time, is easy to install and looks attractive. But here you should be careful. For a soft roof, a continuous crate is required. And this circumstance will contribute to an increase in the load on the truss system, which is very undesirable.

Half-hip roof truss system: scheme, device, installation

Pros, cons, varieties and arrangement of a semi-hip roof truss structure. Calculation, scheme and installation of the truss system of a half-hip roof.

Mansard roofs of private houses: types, options, device

Thinking about building your own house or even a summer house, you want the house to be beautiful, unlike the neighboring ones, comfortable and functional. It would also be nice if it was inexpensive. A mansard-type roof allows you to solve almost all of these problems. The appearance of the house turns out to be interesting, and the building can be decorated in different styles - all the options for combinations of roofing, the type and shape of the roof, windows and balconies, and it is probably impossible to count. As for the cost, it is worth talking separately.

The combination of slopes directed in different directions gives a very unusual effect. Exactly such a house you will not call ordinary

How much does it cost to build an attic

The device of the attic floor is considered beneficial due to the fact that there is no need to spend money on building walls. This is only partly true.

Firstly, a lot of money will be spent on creating a truss system. Its cost depends on the type of mansard roof chosen (see below) and on the price of lumber in your area.

Secondly, you will have to pay a considerable amount for the insulation and vapor barrier of the attic roof. It is clear that roofing material alone is far from enough to provide the required air conditions for residential premises (if the attic is planned to be residential). You will have to insulate, and the layer of insulation should be significant. For example, for central Russia, a layer of high-density mineral wool should be from 200 mm, plus a layer of waterproofing and vapor barrier.

Thirdly, windows are much more expensive. If you make them auditory, they construct a special structure from rafters, which complicates the relief of the roof, and therefore increases the cost of materials and installation. Even on an ordinary gable, you have to think about the arrangement of valleys and snow retention above the windows.

Skylight installation in the roof

The second option - windows in the roof plane - require especially careful sealing so that precipitation cannot get inside. This makes the installation more expensive by 1.5-2 times. The windows themselves cost about the same amount: they must have a reinforced frame and reinforced glass that can withstand snow loads. In addition, for maintenance, the frame must be swivel, and this is another increase in cost.

What you need to install a roof window and the order of installation of components

Two types of windows are installed in the attic - vertical and in the plane of the roof. Both types can be used in the same project. The photo below is a good example of such a combination. You can’t say for sure that the house is unforgettable. How many more options could there be?

A multi-level mansard roof is also a common technique.

In addition, such popular and inexpensive roofing materials - metal-based materials such as profiled sheets, metal tiles, roofing iron - are not recommended for use when constructing a mansard roof of a private house. There are two reasons:

1. High thermal conductivity. Due to the fact that metal conducts heat very well, it is necessary to lay a large thickness of heat-insulating materials. Otherwise, it will be too hot in the attic in summer, and cold in winter.
2. Increased noise level created by the coating during rain. Even an ordinary metal-covered roof sounds like a drum when it rains. The attic is much larger in area and the “tool” is more powerful. If you can fight the noise level inside the room with additional sound insulation, then on the street you can’t remove the sound with anything. If the neighbors' houses are at a considerable distance, this may not be a problem, but if the development is dense, conflicts may arise.

If you calculate well, additional thermal insulation and sound insulation will minimize the cost savings when buying roofing material. Perhaps another, more expensive initially roofing, will turn out to be more profitable as a result. So here you need to calculate the options.

All this was described so that you have a more complete idea of ​​whether it is really so cheap to build an attic floor. It turns out - not so much. However, this solution has its advantages:

• The attic floor is light. Therefore, the foundation for private houses will need only a little more powerful than with the construction of one floor. Since the cost of the foundation is a significant part of the cost, then the gain is tangible.
• If there is a shortage of funds, the insulation of the attic and its commissioning can be delayed for the required period. And this delay will be useful. That's why. During construction, wood of high humidity is almost always used. If you start warming immediately, moisture will be absorbed into the thermal insulation. If the "pie" is made correctly, it will go away naturally. But if there are violations, problems can arise. If the roof under the roofing material will stand for some time without insulation (but with waterproofing necessarily laid under the roofing), then the wood will dry well and there will be fewer problems.
• The attic allows you to make the house original and non-standard. In any case, the building turns out to be more expressive and individual - there are a lot of design options.

We tried to most fully describe the cons of the mansard roof and its pluses. If the difficulties did not frighten you, choose which design you like best.

Types of mansard roofs

The roof of the mansard type used in the construction of private houses has various device options. You can make all existing types of roofs, except, perhaps, flat. All the rest can be implemented both in a "pure" form and in combination.

Shed

Houses with shed mansard roofs look non-standard. Her device is the simplest due to the lack of a skate and the problems associated with its arrangement. The beams rest on a Mauerlat fixed on multi-level walls. The bevel is formed due to the difference in the height of two opposite walls. In this case, the slope angle should be in the region of 35 ° -45 °. A smaller slope will lead to the accumulation of a large amount of snow, which requires strengthening the load-bearing beams and installing additional supports, and this reduces the already not very large living area in such an attic floor.

Shed mansard roof

If we talk about the external design of the house, the buildings look non-standard. Most often, a large window is made in the high wall of the attic floor: the design itself is conducive to this. See the photo below for examples.

This house with a pitched mansard roof is the most conservative

The shed roof device is the cheapest if the distance between two opposite walls does not exceed 4.5 meters: you can lay standard length beams on the walls and not make supporting structures. Apparently this is the reason for the decision in the photographs below, but it turned out very interesting.

If the distance between the walls is less, the design is quite simple.

Non-standard solution: two shed roofs form a terrace between them

gable

A gable mansard roof is the most widespread: with a general structure, there can be many solutions. The design itself is the most optimal: at a relatively low cost, it allows you to meet various requirements for the required area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room.

The easiest way is to implement an attic under a conventional gable roof, but its height should be sufficient so that a living space can be allocated under it (if the floor is supposed to be made residential). May be:

• symmetrical - the ridge is located above the middle of the building;
• asymmetric - the skate is offset from the center.

The fronts are straight. The room turns out to be trapezoidal, in fairly wide buildings one can single out a square one. The disadvantage of a gable roof of a mansard type is that a large space is cut off on the sides, which is not always acceptable in private houses. So that considerable areas do not walk, they are used for storage or closets.

The design of the attic floor under the gable roof

With such a device, windows are made in the roof, their location depends on the angle of inclination. They can be auditory, as in the photo above or in the plane of the roof, as in the photo below.

Windows can be located in the plane of the roof

There is another version of the mansard roof of a private house with two slopes - one and a half floors. It is installed on walls driven out to a certain level. The house is then called "one and a half floors" (one of these houses is in the photo above).

The difference in usable area is obvious, but the costs are higher (for wall material)

These are two types of gable mansard roofs. There is a third one - broken lines. They can be distinguished into a separate category - the device has significant differences.

The device of a broken mansard roof is both more complicated and simpler. In fact, these are the same two slopes, but consisting of two parts with a different slope. Such a structure allows, without spending money on building walls, to get a living space that is only slightly smaller than on the lower floor (by about 15%). In this sense, its device is simpler. But the truss system has a more complex structure, and in this sense, its device is more complicated.

The construction of a broken mansard roof is the most commonly used variant of the truss system - with the removal of part of the rafters beyond the wall surface. Thus, an overhang is formed that protects the junction with the walls from precipitation.

It is this type that is most common in self-construction. It easily allows you to increase the usable area, build on small buildings such as a garage or summer kitchen, get additional, almost separate, housing. Since the materials used in construction are usually light, the bearing capacity of the foundation is usually sufficient, but the calculation does not fit.

A small room made of logs below, and on top - a vast attic, based on racks

Four slope

These are already complex systems that must be calculated. The surface is large, the cost of insulation increases significantly, at the same time, the size of the attic space decreases: parts of the premises are cut off from all four sides.

Their plus is high resistance to strong winds: all surfaces are inclined and the wind load does not press so hard on the slopes. The structure is such that the overhangs can be made low, protecting the walls from the effects of precipitation and winds. In addition, houses with such roofs are considered by many to be the most attractive. The classic version of a four-pitched roof is hip.

One of the types of four-pitched roofs is a hip and attic room under it. You can stand in full growth only in the central part

With their device, inclined rafters are reinforced - they account for most of the load. In general, its rafter system is one of the most complex, material-intensive and, therefore, expensive. So that you can evaluate the entire amount of work and costs, consider its design in the photo below.

Rafter system hip mansard roof

On the top picture you can see all the stops, cuts that need to be put, on the second, the structure and location of the rafters are more clearly drawn.

There is also a transitional option - half-hip. It is a cross between a gable and a hipped roof. In this case, the hip is made only for part of the height of the floor.

Mansard semi-hip roof. Organization of its truss system

Only the main types of mansard roofs are described. There are also combinations. For example, a hip can also be a broken line, like a lean-to. There are really a lot of options. The main thing is not to make gross mistakes when developing the truss system, and then to implement everything correctly.

Mansard roof with balcony

How skylights are made in the roof has already been described above. Almost the same principle is used to build balconies. There are even special window systems that allow you to do this in the slope surface. Although the implementation is simpler, such a window costs decently.

One view of a small balcony

If the bearing capacity of the walls allows, by increasing the size of the dormer-type window, you can make a hanging balcony.

The dormer window can also be turned into a small balcony

The balcony area can be supported by columns. Only in this case, the removal is done above the entrance. Then the columns organically fit in, and also serve as decoration.

The columns that form the front door support the platform

The balcony on the pediment of the house with an attic is built according to a different principle. The overhang extended forward protects it, if the wall allows, the platform is made hanging.

Balcony on the pediment of the mansard roof

In small houses, more often a balcony is made due to the fact that the pediment of the attic floor is shifted from the load-bearing wall. Due to this indentation, a platform is obtained. Peaks in such roofs are made by continuing the roof at least to the same level with the outer wall, and even better - further. This ledge will also protect the gable wall and reduce the amount of rain that will fall on the open area.

The pediment of the attic is moved inward. The resulting area is used as an open balcony

The design of this type of roof is such that by extending it you can even make a covered terrace. Its edge can rest on a decorative wall or on pillars.

The complexity of this project is long rafters

A similar idea was implemented in this project, but the roof here is multi-gabled. It is difficult to calculate it yourself, it is even more difficult to make valleys correctly, because they are rare

If we talk about non-standard solutions, then the “L”-shaped mansard roof - from two sheds, will turn out to be functional. In addition, this is an inexpensive way to decorate such a non-standard building.

"G" shaped shed mansard roof

If you need an inexpensive way to build a house - read about frame housing construction.

The roof is the protection of the home. Its appearance speaks of the tastes of the owners and expresses the individuality of each building. The correct shape and design are the key to a long service life, and an equipped attic allows you to expand your living space.

Mansard type roof: types, options, design, photo

One way to get an original house relatively inexpensively is to build a mansard-type roof. The roof is almost the main decoration of the house, but here it also allows you to increase the living space.

Roof with attic - design, diagrams and drawings

In this publication, you can see how a mansard half-hip roof is equipped, a design whose drawing, with comments and explanations, was sent to us by Vadim Nakhapetov from the city of St. Petersburg. He dealt with these materials in the process of building his country house in the Leningrad Region.

In general, the scheme of the roof of a house with an attic, or rather, the drawings of the truss system of the attic roof, does not differ at all from the construction of a roof with a cold attic. All the differences lie in waterproofing, insulation and ventilation - a pie that ensures the safety of the insulation between the rafters.

You can see the drawings of mansard roofs that have already been published on our website in the "Roof" section. You will see that there is no difference in design. But there are differences between different types of roofing.

For example, the scheme of a broken mansard roof and the scheme of the truss system of a mansard roof with straight slopes are very different.

For clarity, here again we duplicate both these schemes.

Scheme of a mansard roof with straight slopes:

Scheme of a broken mansard roof:

As you can see, the design is different, and the methods of fastening the rafters, and the consumption of lumber and roofing material. In terms of efficiency, a mansard roof scheme with straight slopes breaks ahead. However, in terms of habitable living space, the sloping roof is in the lead.

Below is a drawing of a house with an attic, built in a country style. Such a small house with a small building spot seems to be designed to equip another living space under the roof.

Half-hipped mansard roof - construction (drawing from V. Nakhapetov):

And now a little theory, so that the scheme of the house with an attic becomes more understandable.

Basic requirements for the arrangement of the attic space

It cannot be said that the arrangement of the attic roof is some kind of revolutionary word in the construction of residential buildings. In the conditions of cities, this is a long-spread way to increase the area for living, and for students, poets and artists and other representatives of not very paid professions, perhaps the only opportunity to rent cheap square meters.

This was due to not very comfortable living conditions, and, as a rule, such rooms under the roof were poorly insulated.

But this shortcoming of theirs has long been overcome, and the "battle" for additional square meters has long moved to a qualitatively different level. The most important thing in the attic is a properly executed roof, without leaks, respectively hydro- and thermally insulated.

Such an attic space implies two versions: summer and winter. At the same time, the type of roof can be any, it all depends on the wishes and tastes of the owner of the house, and, of course, on his financial capabilities.

The stairs are just as important.

As with any other construction, a preliminary project is indispensable here. First of all, it is necessary to provide a staircase, along which it will be convenient to get to this room.

Even a properly constructed and beautifully designed attic room will lose a lot if the exit to it is not done properly. And in order to take advantage of such coveted square meters, you will have to master the skills of a climber.

Among other things, when the attic is settled in an old house that has its own layout, this can cause some problems. Such a need, as a rule, arises when the number of family members has increased and living space becomes an urgent need. Then many factors must be taken into account.

First of all, the premises on the floor under the attic space should be used rationally and, preferably, according to their functional purpose. You may even have to re-plan the existing rooms a little, but it's worth it. In the case when the living room under the roof was originally provided for in the project, then the space under the stairs will not raise questions.

Attic with vertical and inclined walls

The design of the attic space itself can have vertical or sloping walls. The effective area obtained as a result will depend on the type chosen. The most common roofs for attics are gable roofs with a break in the middle. In such a room, there may be slight problems with the installation of cabinet furniture, but it will ideally serve as a guest, children's or play room, for example, a billiard room.

If the option with vertical walls is chosen, then the foundation must first be examined for its strength. Although this is a small additional burden, but still, it should be taken into account. Vertical walls can be lightened by placing windows in them (at least 12% of their area), through which enough daylight will penetrate and it will be easily ventilated.

But still, one cannot do without a reinforcing belt. It will level the horizontal surface of the load-bearing walls and serve as the basis for attaching the Mauerlat beams. It would be good to provide, when arranging the belt, the laying of galvanized metal rods, on which the Mauerlat will be fixed.

If walls with a slope are chosen, which will serve as the roof configuration itself, then it should be remembered that in this case, the Mauerlat beams will also serve to fasten the beams for arranging the floor.

The basis of the foundations is the truss system

The next step will be the manufacture of the truss system, which will become not only the basis for the roof, but also the walls and ceiling of the future attic. It must be reliable and built in compliance with the rules imposed by the materials of the external coating. Since wood is used for the installation of the rafter system, the battens, it must first be treated with an antiseptic mixture.

It is necessary to provide openings for windows, which can be made in the form of a so-called birdhouse, or standard windows that are attached directly to the roof. The truss system, in addition to being able to withstand the load of roofing material, must also have a certain margin of safety in order to withstand the weight of snow in winter and withstand winds.

Double moisture insulation is a necessary factor

A feature of the roofing device for the attic space is double moisture insulation: waterproofing directly under the roofing material, which will protect the room from moisture from the outside, and vapor barrier, which will protect the insulation from condensate from the inside.

Otherwise, the latter may lose its thermal insulation properties. As a result, the cost of heating the room will increase significantly.

As a finishing material, the use of wooden lining, drywall or plywood sheets is widely practiced.

The above tips will help to imagine the amount of work that the owner of a country house or cottage will have to face if he decides to build an attic with his own hands - the scheme of the attic roof truss system will help him.

Mansard semi-hip roof - design, drawing, diagram

Mansard half-hipped roof, its design, drawing and phased arrangement of the attic, broken roof diagrams, diagrams of houses with attics - see our website.

Double pitched mansard roof structure

An attic is an attic space designed for housing or storing household utensils. Unlike a flat roof in multi-storey residential buildings, a mansard roof can be gable and multi-slope. For the construction of cottages, in terms of price-quality ratio, the best option is a gable roof.

Cottage, during the construction of which the technology of the attic roof was used

general description

A mansard roof is a wooden structure in the shape of a triangle or polygon. It consists of rafters and truss beams. From above, it is closed with a “pie” of insulation, vapor and waterproofing. Rafter legs hold the entire mass of the roof. The rafter beam acts as an additional connection and support.

The extreme pairs of rafters form a pediment. It can be triangular and trapezoidal in shape, which depends on the type of attic structure. Inside there is a living room with straight or broken walls.

Main advantages and disadvantages

Any building structure has characteristic positive and negative properties. Knowing these features will help when choosing a roofing system.

Advantages

• Terms of manufacture and installation. The gable system has long been studied, detailed step-by-step instructions for its design and construction have been compiled. Therefore, the work can be done by hand, in a short period of time.
• High level of protection of the interior from snow and rain. All elements of the roof are located at a certain angle. This makes it impossible for snow caps and small water puddles to form on the roof surface.
• High level of protection of the joints between the wall and the roof from the wind. The ends of the gable roof hang over the walls, thereby protecting the joints from wind blowing.
• Increase in common living space. Attic spaces are suitable for creating additional bedrooms, wardrobes or playrooms for children.

A good example of a full-fledged living space in a mansard roof

• Price. Materials for the construction of a gable roof can be found at any hardware store at reasonable prices.
• Aesthetic beauty. The gable mansard roof looks attractive. It will decorate any residential building.

Flaws

• In some cases, construction may require a significant amount of materials.
• If it is necessary to convert the attic into a residential space, then additional building materials will be required to strengthen the existing structure.

Types of mansard roofs

There are several constructive types of mansard gable roofs, which can differ in the shape of the slopes, be symmetrical or asymmetrical, and be at different levels relative to the ground.

The shape of the slopes differ:

• A gable flat mansard roof is a traditional form for low-rise construction. It is a classic triangle. This design is easy to install and maintain. She is inexpensive.

Classic gable roof
The layout of the elements of a classic gable roof

A flat mansard roof is not always suitable for the construction of residential premises. This is due to its design features.

Important! The optimal slope of the slopes is 35°-40°. This angle gives an even distribution of loads. With such an angle of inclination, it is impossible to create a full-fledged attic room. That is why the slopes of a broken shape are more often used.

• Double pitched mansard roof. She has each slope consists of two parts, fastened together at an angle. Thanks to this break, it becomes possible to create a full-fledged attic room. With the same size of the base of the house, a broken roof allows you to get 40-50% more usable living space than when using a traditional gable roof.

General view of a broken mansard roof

For clarity, a broken gable system can be divided into three triangles. Two right triangles make up the side slopes. The outer line of the slopes will be their hypotenuse. The upper part of the roof consists of one isosceles triangle, which lies on two rectangular ones.

The layout of the load-bearing elements in a broken mansard roof

Important! In the side triangles of a broken attic system, only layered rafters are used. In the upper triangle, both layered and hanging can be used.

By location they distinguish:

• Symmetrical slopes are a classic option, where the two halves of the roof of the house are a mirror image of each other. In such a gable system, the maximum area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe under-roof space is used. The symmetrical roof looks organic. Such houses are recommended for fans of proven and reliable classics.

Mansard roof with symmetrical slope

• Asymmetrical slopes are a bolder option. The line of the ridge does not coincide with the center line of the whole house. The lengths of the slopes can vary greatly. With such a roofing device, the area of ​​​​the attic space is reduced. Houses with such a roof are recommended for fans of modern asymmetrical architecture.

Mansard roof with asymmetrical slopes

Slopes located at different levels

They don't have a horse. The slopes in the attic do not connect with each other, but seem to hang over each other. Houses with this type of roofing look unusual and are not widely used in our country.

General view of the house with slopes at different levels

Hip and semi-hip roofs

These mansard roofs form a separate view due to the fact that their slopes are located not only on the sides, but completely or partially replace the gables.

• Hip. The classic version of four slopes. The two main laterals are trapezoidal in shape. Instead of gables - "hips". All four slopes encircle the walls at the same level from the ground.

hip roof
hip roof construction

• Half hip. Their design is specially designed for areas with high wind load. This type has the most complex shape of all gable. The side slopes are polygonal in shape. The hips end approximately in the middle of the side slopes. This type of roof is suitable for creating a full-fledged residential second floor.

Cottage with a semi-hinged mansard roof

Important! In some directories, hip and half-hip roof structures are called four-pitched. The essence and principle of operation of the system does not change from this.

General principles of the device

Any building structure consists of a skeleton and a shell. Roofing or rafter systems are no exception. The comfortable and safe living of homeowners, as well as the terms of trouble-free operation, depend on their strength and operational characteristics.

The skeleton of a gable mansard roof is a wooden truss structure. It must meet several basic requirements:

• Strength. Withstand the weight of snow and water, as well as wind and other types of dynamic loads.
• Ease. The lighter the frame, the lower the cost of the whole house.
• Functionality. Rafters should evenly distribute the load on the load-bearing elements without overloading individual sections.

A gable roof covering is a shell that protects the interior from heat, cold, moisture, snow and wind. It must meet several basic requirements:

• Ease. The lower the weight of the roofing, the lower the load on the truss system. The final cost of the entire structure depends on this.
• Reliability. Roofing is the first and main frontier in the way of an aggressive external environment.
• Aesthetic beauty. The roof is one of the most prominent elements of a building. First of all, they pay attention to it.

All roof truss structures consist of the same type of components:

The main structural elements of a gable mansard roof

• Mauerlat is a rectangular or square wooden beam. It connects load-bearing walls and rafters, distributing the load around the entire perimeter of the building. Mauerlat is laid along the walls and fastened with anchors or reinforcement. Rafters are installed on top of it.
• Rafter legs are the basis of the roofing system. All the burden falls on them. Rafters are made of square or rectangular wooden beams. At one end they rest on the Mauerlat, and at the other end they are interconnected. According to the method of fastening, the rafter legs are layered and hanging.
• A ridge beam is a structural element of square or round section. It is located on top and the upper part of the rafter legs rests on it.

These three elements form the basis of any mansard gable roof. From them you can build a simple truss system. For more complex structures, there are a number of additional elements:

• A strut is a beam that supports the rafters and is set at an angle to them. At the bottom, the brace rests on the floor beam.
• The rack is a beam that serves to support the rafter leg. It is installed at right angles to the ceiling.
• A scrum is a beam that connects two vertical load-bearing elements. Its main function is to absorb tensile forces in large truss systems.
• A crossbar is a beam that additionally connects the rafters together. He doesn't let them leave.
• Sheathing is a beam, which is the basis for the installation of roofing. It is made from boards and fastened with a certain step across the rafters.

The number and frequency of installation of these elements depend on the design load on the attic gable roof. We must remember - the more elements, the more expensive and heavier the whole structure. The less space will be left for the attic living space. Therefore, before building, you need to carefully calculate everything, but it is better to make a full-fledged construction drawing with all the calculations.

Do-it-yourself gable mansard roof, photo

An attic is an attic space designed for housing or storing household utensils. Unlike a flat roof in multi-storey residential buildings, a mansard roof can be gable and multi-slope. For the construction of cottages, in terms of price-quality ratio, the best option is a gable roof.