Bell pepper is a wonderful tasty and healthy vegetable that you can ...
Berta Naumovna Borodkina, who was called Zheleznaya Bella, during the years of the Brezhnev stagnation, led the catering in Gelendzhik, although she began her career as a barmaid. The case against her was brought against the background of Andropov's Kremlin intrigues. For embezzlement, she, as a woman, faced a maximum of 15 years with confiscation of property, but the verdict shocked both the defendant herself and everyone who followed this high-profile case.
In the era developed socialism women were rarely sentenced to death. After the war, there were only three such precedents. The exceptions were Tatyana Ivanyutina, Antonina Makarova and Berta Borodkina.
She poisoned more than 40 people (13 of them with a fatal outcome) out of personal hostility or simply "so that they would not interfere with her life and steal" from the cafeteria in which she worked. Tonka the machine-gunner shot about 1,500 people during the war and during the investigation said: "I do not repent of what I have done, and those whom I killed do not come to me in nightmares."
But the Soviet authorities equated the crime of Berta Borodkina with the murder of tens and hundreds of people, believing that theft of socialist property on an especially large scale deserves just such a punishment. Numerous petitions for clemency were repeatedly refused, and a year later the sentence was carried out.
1st Secretary of the Krasnodar Regional Committee of the CPSU S.F. Medunov and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU L.I.Brezhnev
At the same time, few people know that Berta Naumovna Borodkina or "Iron Bella", as her colleagues called her, turned out to be a "bargaining chip" in the struggle for power. This struggle unfolded between the current General Secretary L.I. Brezhnev with his "favorite" S.F. Medunov, who from 1969 to 1973 was the sole and sovereign owner Krasnodar Territory on the one hand and Yu.V. Andropov (Chairman of the KGB of the USSR) and his protégé M.S. Gorbachev - the head of the Stavropol Territory on the other.
On the Black Sea coast, the atmosphere of a holiday has always reigned, which means it "smelled" of big money. Citizens who came on vacation to the sea allowed them to earn millions of rubles on themselves. Every day thousands of people used catering services, and no one noticed the shortage, weight gain and reduced portions. But this fact was extremely interested in prosecutors and employees of the OBKhSS. In one season, trade workers managed to bail out millions of "left" rubles, and the head of the Gelendzhik public catering was the first to "fall under the distribution".
Berta Borodkina in her youth (maiden name - King)
Berta Naumovna Borodkina since 1974 headed the trust of canteens and restaurants in the city of Gelendzhik, received the title of Honored Worker of Trade and Catering RSFSR. She began her career as a simple barmaid in one of the Sochi cafes.
Much later this woman was named "Iron Bella". She was a born leader, respected and feared. But when Andropov made a decision to discredit the "king" of the Krasnodar Territory, Medunov, the prosecutor's office began a total inspection of the work of the public catering system in the cities and districts of this region. Even the most self-confident "masters of life" gave in to their nerves. Many of them committed suicide. There was a real panic, but Bella Borodkina believed that everything would be okay ...
She knew how to receive "dear" guests. Most of Moscow officials different levels knew - the head of Gelendzhik catering sets the tables for Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev himself, and her best friend is Sergei Medunov - the owner of the region. If this spectacular woman was involved in organizing the banquet, then there will certainly be red and black caviar, the best Krasnodar and imported fruits, expensive cognac and collection wine on the table.
When arrested, the "iron Bella" behaved very calmly, even defiantly calm. She told investigators: "Guys, what are you talking about, tomorrow I expect your release and apology." She then did not yet know that all the sins in the city catering of Gelendzhik would be blamed only on her - to Berta Borodkin. Within a month, the "iron Bella" turned into an old woman - she cried and complained of torture.
“Daily bullying. They pulled out their teeth “alive”, beat them mercilessly, especially in the evenings, ”says Elena Korol-Grebenyuk, the prisoner's sister, Borodkina.
Later, this deeply unhappy woman was sentenced to death. They say that upon learning about this, she was moved by her mind, and at night a terrible howl was heard from her cell. Her only daughter begged for leniency from the authorities.
It's hard to believe in it now, but the entry in the description “did not participate in mass cultural and significant political events” during her imprisonment became one of the heartbreaking reasons: “to refuse pardon”. Borodkina was shot in the Novocherkassk prison in 1983, and her relatives could not even get her ashes ...
Andropov was confident that Medunov's arrest was a matter of time, but Brezhnev himself stood up for the Kuban "ruler". The already terminally ill General Secretary still could not refuse his favorite one last favor - Medunov did not appear before the court. He was demoted, recalled to Moscow and allowed to live to a ripe old age, while he was removed from the Central Committee and expelled from the party. The almighty "lord" of the Krasnodar Territory turned into a simple Soviet pensioner and died in 1999, lonely and deeply unhappy. In his last interview, he never remembered “who the shot Berta Borodkina was”!
Bella Borodkina in the 1970s and early 1980s. She was in charge of Gelendzhik public catering, was considered a respected person. And then suddenly she was arrested and sentenced to capital punishment. This was done with women in the period after Stalinist repression only twice, and even then only with serial killers... What the catering worker was guilty of - further in the review.
Bella Naumovna Borodkina began her path to success as a simple barmaid in Gelendzhik. When her husband passed away a few years after the wedding, the woman plunged headlong into work. Her career developed rapidly: in 10 years Bella rose to the rank of restaurant director, and then she was entrusted with managing a local chain of canteens, cafes and restaurants.
When high-ranking guests visited Gelendzhik, only Bella Naumovna was trusted to treat them. After all, only she knew how to dispose of in the kitchen in such a way that the tables were simply bursting with food and delicacies.
In exchange for such "hospitality" Bella Borodkina got high-ranking patrons who turned a blind eye to the machinations that the hostess of the Gelendzhik public catering was engaged in. But there was something to pay attention to.
Bella Borodkina began her journey from the very bottom, so she knew perfectly well how it works " soviet cuisine". At that time, it was difficult to find an institution where portions were brought in full, and customers were not overweight. While at a high post, Bella herself taught the workers how to dilute cognac with cheap starka (strong rye vodka), and tint tea and coffee with burnt sugar. Such savings turned into tens of hundreds of rubles, which went into Borodkina's pocket.
Moreover, all the canteens and restaurants of the trust, which Bella Naumovna managed, had to bring her a daily "tribute". If someone refused to pay, then he was immediately removed from office. Part of his income Borodkin transferred "upward", and from this she was confident in her invulnerability. The entourage called her "Iron Bella".
This continued until 1982. Then in the Soviet Union, video tape recorders began to appear and, accordingly, videotapes. Films were shown to those wishing to clandestinely and for money. And those who wanted to see the "strawberry" laid out several times more for it. It is worth noting that there was a time limit for showing pornographic products. When several distributors were detained in Gelendzhik cafes, they immediately pointed to Iron Bella, claiming that the films were shown with her knowledge.
It would seem that Bella was "pierced" on a sheer trifle, if you compare the scale of her machinations. But for some reason, the police seized on just this episode. In fact, the "showdown" was carried out at the very top. Tension grew between supporters of Brezhnev and Andropov. And when Yuri Andropov took the helm of the USSR in November 1982, he immediately launched a campaign against corruption in the Kuban.
The 1st secretary of the Krasnodar regional party committee, S. Medunov, was under the personal patronage of Leonid Ilyich, therefore, after his death, the prosecutor's office was actively engaged in the affairs of Medunov and his inner circle, which included Bella Borodkina.
The episode with the banned films became the formal reason for the arrest of "Iron Bella". When representatives of law enforcement agencies came for her, Mrs. Borodkina even grinned, saying that she would not have had to apologize to her. But the woman was not released either the next day or even a week later. The patrons, who for so many years had allowed her to carry out large-scale machinations, were now in an even worse position.
When Bella's apartment was searched, the police were shocked by what they saw. Her dwelling resembled a warehouse: everywhere there were piles of crystal, furs, scarce sets of linen, precious jewelry, and gold. And more money ... a lot of money. Packs of bills were found in clothes, rolled up cans, in batteries. In total, more than 500 thousand rubles were found. By Soviet standards, it was colossal money.
Bella Borodkina spent a whole year in prison. During this time, she was unrecognizable: from a respectable lady she turned into a hunted old woman. In August 1983, the woman was shot, she knew too much "inconvenient" about high-ranking officials from the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
Bella Borodkina was one of three women sentenced to capital punishment in the later period of the USSR. Another became
She was not saved by money, nor by the high patrons for whom she devotedly worked.
In the Soviet Union after 1950, the death penalty was the capital punishment. Basically, this punishment was applied to male criminals - however, there were three women who were sentenced to death in the late USSR. Two of them were serial killers. Third, Bella Naumovna Borodkina, did not kill people. She ran the Gelendzhik public catering, was an honored worker of trade and public catering of the RSFSR.
Way to success
Bella Borodkina was once called Bertha King... She was born in 1927 into a fairly wealthy family in the Ukrainian city of Belaya Tserkov. According to rumors, during the war she was the mistress of a Romanian deserter and even worked for German intelligence - but this information has never been confirmed. After the war, she decided to change her passport in order to turn from Bertha into Bella. In 1951 she moved to Gelendzhik, got a job as a barmaid and married an elderly military man by the name of Borodkin.
Her husband died a few years later. And Bella, a spectacular young widow, began to pursue a career. Within ten years, she rose to decent heights - first becoming a restaurant director, and then heading a local catering chain.
Dear guests
Sergey Medunov, the first secretary of the Krasnodar regional committee of the CPSU, greatly appreciated Bella Naumovna. If high-ranking officials from Moscow came to the Kuban, their food could be safely entrusted to Borodkina - she knew how to set tables for distinguished guests with such skill that even the most fastidious of those in power were more than satisfied.
pixabay.com As a gratitude from the high patron Bella Naumovna received the opportunity to carry scarce goods through the catering network; it was real Goldmine... And not the only one. Having started her journey as a simple barmaid, Bella knew perfectly well that meat can be under-reported in a portion, that restaurant visitors, as a rule, do not notice if they are overweight, and drunk and wealthy ones can also be cheated. Bella quietly sold the meat saved on vacationers, without any reports, for barbecue. I personally taught the staff to dilute drinks, tint weak coffee and tea with burnt sugar, add inexpensive bison to the prestigious Armenian brandy. At the meetings, she publicly lectured those who did not want to deal with the calculation and body kit of vacationers. And from the heads of cafes, canteens and restaurants, she collected a daily tribute. Everyone paid - Bella was omnipotent. She, as a deputy, went to regional meetings, was familiar with many very influential people - and was confident in her unsinkability.
pixabay.com Fatal pornography
They took Iron Bella in 1982 because of pornographic films. Then, in the early eighties, video recorders and cassettes with foreign films had just begun to appear in the USSR; people made very good money by showing films for money, and erotic films for even more money. The problem was that the latter were banned: for possession of a cassette with a film "about it" you could get a term. When several would-be distributors were arrested, they very quickly pledged Borodkin - they say, the films were played in the cafe with her knowledge, and she received her share from each session.
Perhaps no one would have thought of arresting Iron Bella because of such testimony, if not for the confrontation between the Andropov and Brezhnev clans. Under Medunov, a high patron of Borodkina, at that time they were very actively digging, a wave of struggle against corruption was going on across the Kuban. Bella's puncture was received with interest upstairs. And how the opponents of Medunov were inspired when during a search they found something like a museum storeroom in Borodkina's apartment - heaps of gold and jewelry, mountains of furs, scarce crystal in abundance ... And literally everywhere bundles of money were scattered - in cupboards, in pockets clothes in glass jars and even under carpets. In total, they found about half a million rubles at Bella.
Retribution that no one expected
Bella Naumovna, when they came to arrest her, was calm and slightly ironic. I had breakfast, put on makeup, warned the policemen that tomorrow they would ask her for forgiveness. At first, she behaved just as calmly, even slightly impudently, during interrogations. But pretty soon she realized that she would not get out of prison - at least not in the near future. The very connections that had kept Bella afloat for years were now pulling her to the bottom.
Borodkina spent a year in prison. During this time, she turned from a luxurious, albeit middle-aged, woman, always surrounded by imposing men, into a gray-haired, toothless old woman. On dates, she complained to her sister that they were beating her and pulling out her teeth without anesthesia. She tried to pretend to be crazy when she found out that she was facing capital punishment - or maybe she really got hurt in her mind, losing everything and risking losing even her life itself. However, psychiatrists found Bella sane.
Borodkin was sentenced to death penalty and in August 1983 he was shot.
The three women were sentenced to death.
They were not pardoned - it was these three of all women sentenced to death who were not pardoned for everything. post-war time... So they say, at least. Their sentences were carried out - and in 1979, 1983 and 1987 shots were fired that stopped their lives. Why was the school dishwasher, an honored trade worker and an ordinary seemingly retired war veteran treated so harshly?
In the first photo - Tamara Ivanyutina
, Born in 1942, worked as a dishwasher in a Kiev school, known as the "Poisoner".
45-year-old Tamara Ivanyutina got a job at the school in September 1986. The position of a dishwasher in a school cafeteria brought her considerable income: food waste... And this is not a joke: she lived in her own house and kept a large household. Free food for their pigs and chickens was provided by schoolchildren with poor appetite. To make their appetite even worse, the dishwasher used to add poison to their food. Well, and for "bad behavior" - too.
She also dealt with those who prevented her from stealing in the school cafeteria, made comments - and indeed, with everyone who did not like. And with the help of poison, she always kept her husband in a state of sexual weakness, so as not to go on a spree. And she poisoned his parents to death, like her first spouse: she did not love him, but his apartment was useful to her.
The whole family of Ivanyutina (parents, sister) was also engaged in poisoning - for 11 years (since 1976) in selfish interests, as well as for personal enmity. In total, 40 episodes of poisoning committed by this family have been proven, of which 13 were fatal. Wherein greatest number lethal poisoning (9) and attempted murder (20) were committed personally by Tamara Ivanyutina.
Ivanyutina's mother, already in prison, instructed her cellmates: "To achieve what you want, you need not write complaints, but be friends with everyone, treat them. But add poison to food that is especially harmful." Poisoners used "Clerici liquid" - a highly toxic solution based on thallium - it is used in some branches of geology to separate minerals by density, and it can also be used to kill rats and mice. It was under this pretext that they asked the familiar laboratory assistant of the Kiev exploration expedition.
The relatives of Tamara Ivanyutina were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment, and the "Poisoner" herself was sentenced to death. The verdict was carried out in 1987.
In the second photo - Antonna Makarova -"Tonka the machine gunner" (1921 —1979) - female punisher who served with the German occupation authorities Lokotsky district (Bryansk oblast) in 1941, during the Great Patriotic War... Tonya was 19 years old when she volunteered for the front. As a nurse, she was surrounded, getting out of which she got into the service of the Germans. The most dirty work- executions - the Nazis preferred to entrust such punishers.
Before the first execution, she was given a drink for courage, and then she drank herself. She shot from a machine gun "Maxim", and if necessary - finished off with a control shot. "What nonsense, that then you suffer from remorse. That those you kill come at night in nightmares. I still haven’t dreamed of a single one," she told her investigators during interrogations. The discovered remains number about 1,500 executed, but it was possible to restore the passport data of only about two hundred people who were shot by Tonka, the machine gunner.
Retreat fascist troops forced Tonya to look for ways of further survival - according to Antonina's false documents and began to live on: already on the Soviet side. In Konigsberg, in a military hospital, she met her future husband, a front-line soldier, and took his last name. "A family of front-line soldiers" - they spoke with respect about them. The ceremonial portrait of the aged Tonka-machine-gunner hung on the Honor Board for a long time.
For more than thirty years, the KGB bodies could not find the legendary Tonka. But they were looking! Only 250 Antonin Makarovs were identified in the USSR of a suitable age, and they themselves and their immediate entourage were secretly checked. There was no result. And they would not have found it, if not for an accident - her brother, going on a trip abroad, indicated in the questionnaire all his brothers and sisters - all had the name Parfyonov, and only one sister - Makarov. Antonina Makarova. In childhood, when she entered school, she was recorded like this - by accident: Makarova instead of Makarovna (last name instead of patronymic).
She was arrested in the summer of 1978 in Lepel (Byelorussian SSR), convicted as a war criminal and sentenced to death by a court sentence. On August 11, 1979, the sentence was carried out. She was 58 years old.
“I don’t know them, they don’t know me, the money, the main thing, is paid. And the war will write off everything, ”Tonka said about her victims. Life has not written off.
If the first two women have dozens of human lives, then Berta Borodkina (1927-1983) and l and "Iron Bella" did not kill anyone. She was the head of a trust of restaurants and canteens in Gelendzhik, an honored trade worker. She was shot for speculation and theft of Soviet property (from 1974 to 1982) on an especially large scale. This case was connected with a series of other major cases of abuse in the Kuban - the initiator of the "establishment of order" and the fight against corruption (and at the same time the ousting of Brezhnev's cadres from leading posts) was then made by Yu.V. Andropov, having entered into a struggle with the master of the Kuban, Brezhnev's front-line friend, S. Medunov.
As a result, more than 5,000 officials were dismissed from their posts and expelled from the ranks of the CPSU, about 1,500 people were convicted and received long sentences. Many died a strange death, and the first secretary of the Gelendzhik City Committee of the CPSU Pogodin N.F. disappeared without a trace ...
Among the corrupt officials was "Iron Bella". She began her career in trade as a barmaid and waitress, and was later promoted to director of the canteen.
Receptions of "dear and distinguished guests" from Moscow to Black Sea coast they cost a lot of money: the tables were luxurious, and trade and catering workers had to provide all this hospitality. And how to write it off - it was also their "headache", not the party leadership. And there were a lot of ways. From illegal body kit to completely legitimate tricks and savings. Iron Bella is said to have invented a special way of cooking meat. on-Gelendzhikski in 7 minutes- in which the meat at the exit in grams and in volume is practically equal to its original quantity at the entrance (not roasted). And the difference, relying on frying in the usual way, could be put in your pocket, apparently. However, in in this case the cooks were left with nothing - they had nothing to take home.
Bert Borodkina was arrested in 1982.
During the search at Borodkina, many valuable things were found, as well as large sums of money. It is believed that in total, during its activity, it received goods from accomplices and cash worth more than a million rubles.
In 1982 she was sentenced to death. Her sister says that Berta complained that she was tortured in prison, that she was beaten in the evenings and that her teeth were removed without anesthesia. They say that she was insane in prison, but her pardon was refused due to non-participation in cultural events, etc. events. Probably, "Iron Bella" knew too much - and being alive, she was dangerous to someone ...
The verdict was carried out in August 1983. The ashes of her relatives were not given.
And S. Medunov lived to the end of his days in Moscow.
Used materials and photographs from the program screen
head of the catering trust in Gelendzhik
Selfish
speculation, bribery
Berta Naumovna Borodkina nicknamed Iron Bella(-) - Head of the Trust of Restaurants and Canteens in Gelendzhik, Honored Trade Worker. One of the three women executed in the USSR between 1960 and 1981 was sentenced to death for systematic embezzlement of socialist property.
Brief curriculum vitae
She began working in the field of trade as a barmaid and waitress, and was subsequently appointed to the position of director of the canteen. She became the head of the above-mentioned trust in 1974.
... Repeatedly received bribes from a large group of subordinates at work. Of the bribes she received, Borodkina herself transferred bribes to responsible employees for assistance in work and other services that create an atmosphere of crime in the trust. So, over the past two years, it was transferred to the secretary of the city party committee Pogodin in valuables, money and food for 15 thousand rubles ...
Excerpt from the criminal case
During the search of BN Borodkina, many valuable things were found, as well as large sums of money. Borodkina's dwelling, according to Anton Lopatin, Senior Assistant to the Krasnodar Territory Prosecutor for Interaction with the Media, resembled a museum storehouse, which contained numerous precious jewelry, furs, crystal products, and sets of then scarce bed linen. In addition, Borodkina, according to the testimony of a veteran of the prosecutor's office of the Krasnodar Territory, Honored Lawyer of the RSFSR Vladimir Nagorny, kept large sums of money at home, which investigators found in the most unexpected places - in hot water heating batteries and under carpets in rooms, rolled up cans in the basement, in stored bricks in the yard. total amount seized during the search amounted to more than 500,000 rubles.
It is believed that in total, during her activity, she received goods and funds from the accomplices in the amount of more than a million rubles. In 1982 she was sentenced to death. The verdict was carried out in August 1983.
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An excerpt characterizing Borodkin, Berta Naumovna
- I'll show them, I'll ask them, robbers! He said to himself.Alpatych, with a swimming step, so as not to run, barely caught up with Rostov at a trot.
- What decision did you take? He said, catching up with him.
Rostov stopped and, clenching his fists, suddenly advanced menacingly towards Alpatych.
- Solution? What's the solution? Old bastard! He shouted at him. - What are you looking at? A? The guys are rebelling, but you can't cope? You yourself are a traitor. I know you, I will skin everyone ... - And, as if afraid to waste the stock of his fervor, he left Alpatych and quickly walked forward. Alpatych, suppressing the feeling of insult, kept up with Rostov with a swimming step and continued to communicate his thoughts to him. He said that the men were rigid, that at the present moment it was unwise to oppose them without a military command, that it would not have been better to send for the command first.
“I will give them a military command ... I will fight them,” Nikolai said senselessly, gasping for breath from an unreasonable animal anger and the need to pour out this anger. Not realizing what he would do, unconsciously, with a quick, decisive step, he moved towards the crowd. And the closer he moved to her, the more Alpatych felt that his unreasonable act could produce good results. The peasants of the crowd felt the same, looking at his quick and firm gait and decisive, frowning face.
After the hussars entered the village and Rostov went to the princess, confusion and discord occurred in the crowd. Some men began to say that these newcomers were Russians and no matter how offended they were that they would not let the young lady go. The drone was of the same opinion; but as soon as he expressed it, Karp and other men attacked the former headman.
- How many years have you eaten the world? - Karp shouted at him. - You are all one! You will dig a jug, take it away, what, ruin our houses, or not?
- It has been said that there should be order, no one should go from the houses, so as not to take out the blue of gunpowder - that's all there is! Shouted another.
- There was a queue for your son, and you probably took pity on your irony, - the little old man suddenly spoke quickly, attacking Dron, - and shaved my Vanka. Eh, we will die!
- Then we will die!
“I’m not a refusal to the world,” said Dron.
- That is not a refusal, he has grown a belly! ..
Two long men said their own thing. As soon as Rostov, accompanied by Ilyin, Lavrushka and Alpatych, approached the crowd, Karp, putting his fingers behind his sash, slightly smiling, stepped forward. The drone, on the other hand, entered the back rows, and the crowd moved closer together.
- Hey! who is your headman here? - Rostov shouted, going up to the crowd with a brisk step.
- Headman then? What do you need? .. - asked Karp. But before he had time to finish, the cap flew off him and his head shook to the side from the strong blow.
- Hats down, traitors! - shouted the full-blooded voice of Rostov. - Where is the headman? He shouted in a frantic voice.
- The headman, the headman calls ... Dron Zakharych, you, - hurriedly obedient voices were heard here and there, and the caps began to be removed from their heads.
`` We can't rebel, we keep order, '' Karp said, and several voices from behind suddenly spoke up at the same instant:
- As the old men grumbled, there are a lot of you bosses ...
- Talk? .. Riot! .. Robbers! Traitors! - meaninglessly, Rostov yelled not in his own voice, grabbing Karp by the yurt. - Knit it, knit it! - he shouted, although there was no one to knit him, except for Lavrushka and Alpatych.
Lavrushka, however, ran up to Karp and grabbed his arms from behind.
- Will you order our people from under the mountain to click? He shouted.
Alpatych turned to the men, calling two by name to knit Karp. The men obediently left the crowd and began to unbelieve themselves.
- Where is the headman? - shouted Rostov.
