Examples of arched roofs of residential buildings. Types of roofs by design (photo)

In individual construction, various types of roofs are used, and the choice is determined by various factors, including:

• decorative qualities and compliance with the chosen style of construction;
• smart house solution (including the geometric shape of the box, the presence of internal load-bearing walls, etc.);
• climatic features of the construction region;
• the level of complexity of installation;
• load on wall structures and foundation;
• the use of certain roofing materials;
• the possibility of insulating the structure, etc.

Main types of roofs

According to the design of the roof can be divided into two types:

• Attic roofs - with an overlap at the level of the upper part of the walls, which separates the space under the roof from the rooms located below. This is a classic option for cold climates, as the ceiling can be insulated to reduce heat loss at home. In addition, the space under the roof is suitable for use as an additional utility room or turning it into a living space (this requires insulating the roof system).
• Non-attic (combined) roofs - there is no additional ceiling covering, the ceiling of the lower floor is the roof structure itself, flat or pitched. It is more suitable for warm climates, as in harsh climates it is more difficult to prevent heat loss through such a roof.

attic roof

If we consider what types of roofs are according to the level of slope and roof configuration, we can distinguish systems:

• flat;
• pitched.

In turn, pitched roofs by design are:

• lean-to;
• gable (gable);
• mansard (broken gable roofs);
• tented;
• hip and semi-hip;
• multi-forceps;
• conical;
• domed;
• combined;
• free outlines.

Each type of roof has its own advantages and disadvantages, operational features. Let's consider them in more detail.

flat roofs

For individual housing construction, flat roofs are uncharacteristic for a number of reasons, including:

• architectural inexpressiveness, when it comes to the construction of standard rectangular outlines;
• high requirements for roof waterproofing;
• the need for a high bearing capacity of the roofing system, if we are talking about an exploited roof or construction in regions that are characterized by increased snow loads.

But today, flat roofs are increasingly being built by private developers. This is primarily due to the popularity of Art Nouveau, minimalism and high-tech styles. At the same time, for the architectural expressiveness of the building, a combination of volumes of various parts of the structure is usually used. Another reason for the growing interest in flat roofs is the emergence of durable and reliable waterproofing materials on the construction market.

flat roof house

The advantages of flat roofs include the possibility:

• equip a site for recreation, sports activities, etc.;
• create a winter garden or greenhouse;
• install a wind generator or other equipment to increase the comfort and economic efficiency of the house.

In addition, flat roofs are easier and safer to maintain - to clear snow, repair the roof or troubleshoot equipment installed on it.

Shed roofs

If we compare what are the roofs of houses and outbuildings, it can be noted that in the second case, shed roof systems are used more often. This type of roof is characterized by the simplest design - the rafter legs rest on the edges of the walls (or special supports) located at different heights. The angle of inclination of the slope depends on the height difference and the length of the span.

Shed roofs are most often installed on buildings of small size, since with a large roof area it is necessary to increase the angle of inclination in order to ensure effective drainage. And this turns into an increased windage of the roof.

If we are talking about a residential building, then for the architectural expressiveness of the building I often use the technique when two (or more) shed roofs over different parts of the building visually imitate a gable (or multi-gable) structure.

Shed roof

The benefits of pitched roofs include:

• simplicity of calculations and installation work;
• cost-effectiveness (minimum materials are used);
• light weight (suitable for buildings on lightweight foundations).

If the pitch angle is relatively small, roof maintenance is safer compared to other types of pitched structures.

The disadvantages of this type of system include the limited attic space - it is difficult to fully use it for economic purposes and it is more difficult to insulate it with high quality.

Gable structures

When answering the question of what kind of roofs there are on private houses, most people will first of all remember a gable roof, which is also called a gable roof. Its design is quite simple - two identical slopes rest with their lower part on opposite walls (or beams laid across them), and in the upper part they are connected in a ridge.

The advantage of this system is the following:

• the truss structure is quite easy to calculate and mount;
• the space under the slopes can be used for storing things or for other economic purposes, including for installing ventilation and other equipment;
• if desired, the attic is converted into a living space;
• due to the rather steep slope of the slopes (usually 15-60 degrees, depending on atmospheric loads in the region and the selected coating material), snow and rain moisture easily come off the roof;
• financial investments in a gable structure are relatively small;
• a gable roof house looks aesthetically pleasing.

However, it is worth noting that a gable roof is suitable for relatively small buildings, since the roof area grows noticeably with an increase in the dimensions of the house box.

gable roof

There are not only forceps, that is, isosceles. To add individuality to the building, you can make an asymmetric roof, the slopes of which differ in size and angle of inclination. However, in this case, a professional is required, the load on which will be unevenly distributed.

Mansard roofs

By usually means "broken" gable structures. In this case, each ramp consists of two parts located at different angles, with the lower one being mounted almost vertically. The peculiarity of the truss system is that it allows you to expand the usable space of the attic, as if continuing the walls of the house up.

The financial investment in this type of system is 25-30% higher than for the installation of a gable roof, but the gain in terms of the functionality of the building is much greater, since a full-fledged residential floor is practically added. And in comparison with the construction of a full-fledged two-story house, you can significantly save money, since the installation and insulation of the roofing system will cost much less than arranging a reinforced foundation and building walls on the second floor.

mansard roof

When arranging such a roof, it is important to consider the following points:

• insulation of the attic will reduce the heat loss of the lower rooms of the house, but the under-roof space needs high-quality ventilation, since the use of vapor-tight materials (a heat insulator made of foamed polymer or a special membrane that protects mineral wool from moisture) is inevitable;
• if windows are cut into the roof slopes, high-quality daylight can be provided;
• when using special furniture, you can maximize the use of space in the "dead" zones between the vertical walls of the room and the slopes.

A mansard roof can replace an existing gable roof, provided that the walls and foundation are able to withstand the increased load.

hipped roofs

Visually, the design is four identical isosceles triangles, the vertices of which converge at one point, and the bases lie on the walls of the building.

Hip roof

(pyramidal) structures are ideal for erecting on houses whose box is square. Their advantages include:

• high resistance to atmospheric loads;
• attractive appearance;
• the ability to use almost any roofing material.

The disadvantage is the increased requirements for system calculations and installation work. In order for the truss system to withstand loads and evenly distribute them to the walls of the house, its supporting frame must be made strictly symmetrical.

hip roofs

Hip structures primarily became widespread in Northern Europe, in regions that are characterized by strong winds and heavy rainfall. Like tent structures, hip systems have four slopes, but they are not the same, but are symmetrical in pairs. On the short sides of the house, the slopes are triangular, on the long sides they are trapezoidal, which converge in the ridge in the upper part.

Even a heavy wind will not break, due to long overhangs, it reliably protects the walls of the house from precipitation. The attic under such a roof is quite spacious, and if desired, it is possible to equip an attic there by installing windows in the roof.

A variety of hip structures is half-hip roofs. They differ in that the triangular slopes are approximately half as long as the lateral trapezoidal ones and open the upper part of the pediment. Such roofs are used on two-three-story buildings, in this case, the upper (mansard) floor has windows only on the gables, since the side parts are covered with a roof.

Half hip roof

Hip and semi-hip types of roofs for a private house are difficult to install, as they require increased accuracy when calculating the truss system and installing the frame. You should also take into account the increased consumption of materials for the construction of the frame and laying the roofing cake. But it is worth noting that buildings with such roofs look solid and respectable.

Multi-forceps designs

The original roof can be created by combining several gable structures with each other. The most common option is to install small gable roofs over skylights on the gables and roof slopes of the house. Also, separate gable roofs can be erected over each of the parts of the box of a house of complex configuration, which as a whole creates a unique ensemble.

It should be noted that the calculation and installation of multi-gable structures must be entrusted to professionals, since a complex truss system must correctly distribute the load on building structures.

Multi-gable roof

The weak point of multi-gable roofs is the waterproofing of valleys and junctions, which abound in the design. Such a roof requires increased attention during installation and the use of the most reliable waterproofing materials.

conical roofs

Such structures in a "solid" form are usually crowned with round or polygonal towers, round houses. Incomplete cones are used to create a roof over a protruding bay window, in which case it is especially difficult to pair the conical roof element with the roof truss system over the main part of the house.

conical roof

Not all roofing materials are suitable for arranging a coating on a conical roof. First of all, you can use:

• rolled bituminous materials with a decorative and protective coating;
• bituminous tiles;
• natural tiles;
• copper or wooden "scales";
• slate, limestone;
• reeds and other plant materials.

dome roofs

Understanding what roofs are on private houses, one cannot fail to mention domed roofs. There are two main varieties:

1. insulated roof (with window structures or "blank") as part of a domed house;
2. a panoramic glazed (or partially glazed) structure above a part of a house of complex architecture.

The frame of the dome system in the first case can be made of wood. Fully glazed domes are made of metal (steel or aluminum) structures, and require professional engineering calculations and competent manufacture of the frame, which must successfully withstand atmospheric loads.

Can be used as translucent filling:

• reinforced or laminated glass (during the destruction of these materials, dangerous fragments are not formed, but their light transmission is not the highest);
• triplex (completely safe, transmits light well);
• plastic materials - polycarbonate, transparent slate, plexiglass (they are lightweight and safe in case of destruction, but the resistance of each of these materials to ultraviolet radiation and light transmission properties should be taken into account).

Dome roof

The panoramic dome roof is difficult not only to install, but also to maintain. The glazing must be washed regularly from the outside, as dust will settle on its surface. In winter, the upper part of the dome will be covered with snow and ice, unless a special heating system is provided.

The advantages of domed roofs include:

• originality and aesthetic appearance;
• increased thermal efficiency of insulated structures - the shape of the dome contributes to the uniform distribution of heat, there are no freezing corners in the room;
• glazed structures make it possible to create an original winter garden or a room for stargazing.

Combined roofs

Houses of complex architecture with a variable number of storeys, replete with towers, bay windows and other elements, require the construction of a combined roof. During the development of the project, specialists need to competently combine several types of roofing into a single harmonious ensemble.

Combined roof

At the same time, the roof should be not only aesthetic and original, but first of all, reliable and durable. For laying roofing, a material is selected that is equally suitable for flat and convex surfaces. Most often these are piece materials (natural tiles, slate) or flexible bituminous tiles.

Roofs of "free" forms

There are roofs of private houses that are difficult to classify. We are talking about original architectural solutions, when the roof as a whole and most of its parts do not have a strict geometric shape. The roof surface has smooth curves, due to which the slopes necessary for the removal of rain and melt water are formed.

Free Form Roof

Houses with such roofs are designed as close as possible to the free natural outlines, and completely natural materials are used to create the roofing - primarily slate. This type of roofing can also include grassy coverings of houses built close to the slope of the hill (and partly inside it), if the vegetation on the roof forms a single carpet with a natural cover in the areas adjacent to the house.

The roof is considered as important in the construction of the house as the foundation and walls. It belongs to the load-bearing structures, therefore, it must meet a number of requirements: to be strong, reliable, durable, well insulated, have good heat and sound insulation. Which roofs of houses to choose is the prerogative of the poor homeowner. The main thing here is not to make a mistake in the choice. The roof must also correspond, according to the type of forms, to be fireproof.

To make it easier to fulfill these requirements, before creating a house project, you need to select a shape in advance, calculate the height, and select the appropriate materials for its construction.

What forms are there?

There are several types of roofing. The choice should be based on design features:

• Shed. One roofing plane, based on two outer walls of unequal height. It is used for utility rooms (barn) and garages.
• gable. It has 2 planes, which, as in the first case, rest on 2 external wall structures, but of the same height. The planes are projected at a certain angle with respect to each other.
• hip. It has slopes on the end side in the shape of a triangle. The side walls also look like a truncated triangle or a trapezoid.
• Half hip. Consists of 2 slopes. The end surfaces are triangular in shape.
• broken line. A very complex roof model. At the bottom, the slopes are triangular, at the top they are connected, and always at an obtuse angle.
• Shatrovaya. It is also not without difficulties. This is a quadrangular structure with 4 slopes of the same size.
• cruciform. Used when the house has a complex shape. A design engineer should do calculations and a project in this type. This is explained by the fact that the cruciform shape of the roof provides for the calculation and installation of grooves. It is important to place them correctly in the design. Otherwise, leaks cannot be avoided.

There are many types of roofs. Here you need to learn not only to choose the shape, but also to correctly calculate the design of the roof. Only then will the roof perform the functions that are assigned to it.

Why do you need to calculate the height and how to do it right?

The roof is that part of the house that is most often exposed to atmospheric phenomena. With an incorrectly chosen angle of inclination, and, accordingly, the height, there are risks that, due to exposure to strong winds and precipitation, its integrity will be compromised. You will have to carry out repairs to the roof to fix problems - this is at best. At worst, you will have to build it from scratch.

The role of height indicators

You can not neglect the standards when creating a project. The reliability of the structure and the health of those who will live there depend on this. The following are a number of arguments that can 100% confirm the correctness of the foregoing and the significance of the correct calculation of the roof height for the construction of the house:

• Reliability and durability. Correctly calculated and selected height will allow the roof to be resistant to external, weather influences, resistance to increased loads, for example, roofing, insulation.
• Aesthetics. Appearance plays an important role. If its height does not correspond to the design of the house, then such a roof will not look aesthetically pleasing.
• Convenience. With the right height, you can build an attic.

The highest point is called the ridge. This is the point where all the inclined planes of the roof meet. If its height is chosen incorrectly, then there is a risk that the roof will not last the period for which the calculation of the owner of the house was set. The height parameters of the ridge must strictly correspond to the technological process.

How to calculate roof height?

Video tutorial on finding

What determines the height of the skate?

An important parameter in the calculation is the slope angle. There is a list of factors on which it is based mainly on atmospheric influences. :

• winds, if they often rage in the region, then the slope angle should be 10-20 degrees;
• precipitation in areas where they fall abundantly above 45 degrees;
• snow - in very snowy winters, the angle of inclination can be similar to the previous paragraph.

Advice

More detailed regulatory data can be taken from the requirements of SNiP 2301-99.

The choice of height according to the type of roof

Here, height calculations are carried out taking into account the type of coverage:

• If there are many piece elements in the materials for roofs, the angle of inclination should be chosen as large as possible.
• If the roof structure is low, the joints should be kept to a minimum.
• For very heavy roofing masses, the largest angle of inclination is selected so that the weight can be evenly distributed over the entire surface.

Calculation parameters taking into account the width of the building

Here, the cross section of the structure is represented as an equilateral triangle. Where the height parameter is the leg. Further, the calculation is carried out as follows:

When purchasing roofing, you need to pay attention to weight. For example, let's compare two popular types - metal and ceramic tiles. The latter is 10 times heavier than the first. And this plays a significant role in the design of rafters.

Many buyers make the mistake of buying cheaper coverage - it is often of poor quality, which means it will not last long.

What materials can be used?

The list of coatings for arranging roofs is quite wide. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Roofing materials

Metal tile - the most popular over the years

Ceramic tile

Produced for a long time - more than 100 years. Significantly improves the appearance of the facade in comparison with the clay counterpart. Counts:

• Reliable coverage.
• Has a long service life.
• Characterized by high strength.
• Not affected by humidity.
• Provides absolute UV protection.

With all the advantages, it also has several disadvantages:

• high cost;
• a large mass.

Ceramic tiles - produced for more than 100 years

Ondulin

Enjoys a reputation. Occupies positions in terms of quality and consumer demand:

• reliable;
• moisture resistant;
• lasting;
• protects against UV;
• tolerates high loads;
• resistant to mechanical stress;
• endowed with waterproofing properties;
• fireproof;
• not subject to corrosion;
• has good flexibility.

It is installed on the flooring, installed from the rack strips.

Ondulin - enjoys a reputation

Slate

The cheapest roofing material:

• service life - 40 years or more;
• moisture resistant;
• withstands mechanical stress;
• well withstands high loads, for example, a snow layer.

Disadvantages:

• In the process of long-term operation, its edges begin to crumble;
• In places where it is constantly shaded, lichen begins to appear.

Slate is the cheapest roofing material

Decking

Roofers often work with this material, referring to the fact that it is reliable and very durable. Compared to metal tiles, it has wider sheets, as well as:

• small specific gravity;
• high strength indicators;
• considered an environmentally friendly coating;
• has a wide selection of colors;
• it can be installed in all weather conditions.

How to choose a professional flooring?

What to pay attention to?

Disadvantages:

• makes a lot of noise if it rains;
• complex roof shapes require a lot of material;
• subject to corrosion during operation;
• places of drilling or cuts need additional processing;
• requires laying a hydrolayer to prevent condensate;
• requires additional insulation.

Decking - reliable and very durable

Flexible roof tiles

Seamless coating based on glass fibers impregnated with bitumen. The outer part is processed with basalt, painted in different colors:

• has high strength;
• endowed with good sound and heat insulation properties;
• provides excellent sealing.

From this list, you can choose any roofing material. Which one will be the best choice for you.

Flexible roof tiles - a seamless coating based on fiberglass

The choice of insulation - which is better?

When choosing a good insulation, refer not only to the cost, but also to the technical and operational characteristics. And also the difficulty in installation. Laying insulation can be done with your own hands, although in some cases you will need to use special equipment. Criteria for choosing a good insulation:

• thermal conductivity coefficient - the smaller it is, the better;
• moisture resistance;
• lifetime;
• stability of forms and appearance;
• heat insulator weight;
• resistance to low temperatures;
• soundproof properties;
• environmental friendliness.

Insulation - mineral wool

Advantage Features:

• high coefficient of thermal insulation;
• price;
• mineral wool does not burn;
• environmental friendliness;
• ease of installation;
• biostability - does not undergo putrefactive phenomena, it will not be damaged by rodents or insects;
• has good vapor permeability;
• sound insulation coefficient is high;
• does not lose shape.

Roof insulation

What is needed for this?

When installing mineral wool insulation, it is imperative to provide vapor barrier and waterproofing layers. And also take care of the organization of ventilation gaps. This will prevent condensation from forming. If this is not done, then the rafters will begin to rot over time.

glass wool

In terms of its thermal insulation properties, it is close to mineral wool; it has been used as a heat insulator for a long time. Made from fused glass. It goes on sale in roll form, is characterized as a good, environmentally friendly and non-combustible material.

When using this insulation, you should protect your hands, body and eyes with special equipment. During installation, observe the laying technology.

If glass wool is bought without a foil outer coating (this is an improved type that many manufacturers have been using lately), then care should be taken to lay a vapor barrier layer from the same foil.

Styrofoam

It is also used very often in the insulation of walls and as a heat insulator for the roof:

• It is characterized as a material with high thermal insulation properties.
• Resistant to moisture.
• It does not absorb steam, which means it can be laid directly on the waterproofing, no need to organize an air gap.

When laying polystyrene foam in pitched roof shapes, it is imperative to ensure that the edges of the material fit snugly against it. Seams after installation must be treated with mounting foam.

The material is combustible and vapor-tight, which means it cannot be used in the insulation of flat roofs.

polyurethane foam

Also good for roof insulation. The list of its advantages includes:

• low thermal conductivity;
• small mass;
• good sound insulation;
• biostability;
• good waterproofing properties.

The material is endowed with sufficient rigidity. Well cut, drilled. Does not lose shape during service.

Polyurethane foam insulation can be laid (tiled form) or sprayed on (liquid form).

Polyurethane foam - the material is endowed with sufficient rigidity

Ecowool

Made from paper. Refers to environmentally friendly roofing insulation. Endowed with good sound and heat insulation qualities. In order for the material not to be combustible and not be damaged by rodents and insects, ecowool manufacturers treat it with defenseless substances and antipyrine.

It belongs to the lightest and cheapest types of heaters. Sold in liquid form. when using it as a roofing insulation (between the rafters), it is necessary to create some kind of closed boxes. Ecowool is blown into them so that it not only fills the space, but all kinds of cracks. Disadvantages - the use of special equipment in the installation work.

There are other ways to insulate the roof.

Ecowool - made from paper

Roof painting - nuances, methods, features

The roof is covered with different materials, the peculiarity of the work and the expediency of applying painting depends on this:

1 Slate. It looks good at first. It fades over time, lichen islands begin to appear on its surface. You can prevent these manifestations by painting it with water-dispersion or acrylic paint. They are resistant to external and weather factors. True, before this, the coating should be tinted.

2 Decking. It is rarely repainted. They are coated with a polymer-based color coating during manufacture. It is painted only in the process of carrying out restoration or restoration work.

3 Sheet metal. It is painted, but before that it is necessary to treat the surface with an anti-corrosion primer.

They paint the roof in two ways - manual or machine. Before the procedure, you must adhere to the following requirements:

• Do not paint the roof in bad weather, especially when it rains. It is best to do this in spring in April or May, in autumn in September or October. During these periods, the ink layer will have the best adhesion, which means it will last a long time.
• In the summer it is generally not recommended to paint because of the heat.
• Painting should be carried out in non-slip and non-scratching shoes.
• If work is carried out at high altitude, you need to take care of your own safety by tying yourself with a rope to a rafter or beam.
• It is highly not recommended to hook the safety rope to the chimney - it is an unreliable support, it may not support the weight of the body.

How many layers should the roof be painted?

In order for the ink layer to be stronger and look appropriate, at least 2 layers of paint should be applied:

• At the first application, you need to take 700 grams of drying oil for each kilogram of paintwork materials, mix and only then paint.
• When painting again, for each kilogram of paint, you need to take 5000 grams of drying oil.

Application technology - or how long to wait between the first and second painting:

• After applying the first layer, you need to wait a week for it to dry well.
• The second layer will dry for 3 days longer, that is, in total it is 10 days.
• If you decide to apply the 3rd layer, then you need to use and wait for just such terms.

How to choose the color for the roof and facade?

You can order a turnkey project, but this service is not available to everyone. You can consider all possible options in another way - by creating a template. To do this, a flat projection of your facade must be transferred to tracing paper(you can also use plastic wrap), and then by color substitution, choose a shade, manufacturer.

Even if everything goes well with the color, the chosen option will suit you in all respects, you don’t need to run and buy all the coloring material completely. First you need to paint a small piece of the facade and roof in the selected colors.

The evaluation of the final shade is influenced by:

• surface texture;
• base type;
• lighting.

Look at them at different times of the day and weather conditions:

• in the morning before sunrise;
• during the day with good lighting;
• in the evening, when only the lanterns are lit;
• on a cloudy day.

The disadvantage of this selection method is that it can only test a limited number of colors.

In addition to the protective function, the roof of the house is its logical conclusion and highlights its individuality from an architectural point of view. There are a lot of varieties of roofs and they all differ in characteristics.

First of all, the roof should perfectly cope with its purpose, have an attractive appearance and match the taste of the residents.

The type of roof is selected taking into account the overall design of the building, its volume and location. Let's talk about what are the beautiful roofs of private houses.

Roof functions

The direct purpose of the roof is to protect the building from external environmental influences. This design is an integral part of any building. It should be able to take on loads of varying degrees of severity, as well as look beautiful and decorate the house.

Currently, there is a huge variety of modern roofing materials that have excellent properties and characteristics. When choosing the right material, many factors are taken into account, on which the appearance of the future roof will depend.

The most common types of roofs are flat and pitched. The flat view of the roof is used extremely rarely and this is due to its high cost, since such a design requires a particularly strong frame.

Without a supporting structure, the roof may not be able to withstand heavy loads, such as large amounts of snow. Despite this, flat roofing has its advantages. If you look at the photo of a beautiful straight roof, it can be noted that this is an ideal platform for organizing a terrace, a winter garden or a gym.

Pitched roofs are especially popular among owners of private houses. Designers have developed many ideas for organizing a pitched structure, so even such a simple option will not seem boring.

Roof types

So, at present, there are many options for roofs using modern materials, which will certainly add zest to the appearance of your home.

Having analyzed these options in more detail, you can choose the most beautiful roof for yourself:

A hip roof is a roof consisting of two triangular slopes.

A hipped roof is a symmetrical structure with several slopes in the form of even triangles.

A complex roof is an option for connoisseurs of everything unusual. There are several varieties of such a roof:

• A mansard-type sloping roof is a structure of several roofs installed at different levels.
• The dome roof is a decorative variant of the sphere and is rarely used as a roof for private houses.
• A vaulted roof is a variant of a cylindrical roof.
• "Salt cellar" - a gable roof, one slope of which is longer than the other.

How to build a beautiful roof? If you take into account some recommendations, then your roof will serve you for decades.

So, as it turned out, the pitched roof occupies a leading position. Consider the benefits:

Such a roof perfectly protects the structure from external factors - strong wind, rain and snow. In addition, the design is reliable and strong.

By choosing a pitched roof for your home, you will forget about the problems for a long time, since this option is the most durable of those listed.

In addition, if you use a high-quality, modern coating, then the roof will favorably distinguish your house from others. An example is a beautiful metal roof.

Leading designers and architects offer many pitched roof ideas, so even the most preferred homeowners will have no problem choosing.

Under a pitched roof, you can make an attic or an attic room.

It is worth noting that the pitched roof is a classic and does not differ in originality, but we recall that this type of roof remains the most practical, affordable option.

You can make a pitched roof from any material - corrugated board, ondulin, onduvilla, slate. In the same way, you can build a beautiful wooden roof.

When choosing wood as a roofing material, do not forget to treat it with special compounds that prevent decay and provide protection from pests.

Photo of beautiful roof

The roof is an important part of the house, without which it is impossible. Most people prefer practicality, completely forgetting about the external data of the house, its visual perception. Not everyone attaches particular importance to the roof and its type, but in vain. Thanks to the roof, even a small one-story house can be significantly transformed, become more expressive and original.

Of course, it is clear that, first of all, the roof is a reliable protection, because it must protect the house from external factors and their influences. In pursuit of beauty, many people forget about reliability, and subsequently suffer from problems that have arisen at the first snow or heavy rain. That is why you need to choose the best option that combines both external attractiveness and reliability.

Roof construction of a one-story house

The roof of a one-story house consists of a load-bearing and enclosing parts interconnected, because they not only interact, but also maintain the balance of the entire structure. The peculiarity is that the mistakes made in one component will lead to violations in the second, which means that the design as a whole will suffer and will not be of high quality.

In most cases, it is customary to use pitched roofs for a one-story house, the angle of the slopes depends on many factors. Pitches can be affected by both the type of pitched roof and the roofing material. The supporting part of the structure is the roof frame, which includes wooden rafters.

In addition to them, you can find a Mauerlat there, which collects all the rafters at one point, the other side of the leg is attached to the beam intended for this. The rafter system should be based on the run, and special racks will evenly distribute the weight, make the load the same on all load-bearing walls. To prevent the rafters from moving, braces and struts are used, as well as a wire that provides secure fixation.

If the house is completely made of logs, then the wire will have to be replaced with metal brackets, which must be attached to the second log (counting from top to bottom). The rafters must be laid, making an indent from the ceiling of 0.3-0.4 meters, this will give easy access to the rafter system in case urgent repair work is required.
The enclosing part begins from the moment when they begin laying waterproofing that protects the house, protecting it from moisture and rotting of the roof structure. Between the rafter legs and the Mauerlat, you need to put two layers of roofing material, after which you can make a wooden crate and roof the roof.

If the house is large and its width is more than 6 meters, then the construction of supporting walls will be required, because the roof will need additional support. With such dimensions of the house, a layered rafter system is used; in the case when the building is small, a hanging rafter laying system is used.

Current types of roofs

If we take into account all the roofs, they can be divided into two main categories: pitched and flat. In the case of a flat type of roof, everything is already clear, because there are no features here. It should be noted that one-story houses with a flat roof look very boring and unsightly, so its use is not recommended. The only options where a flat roof is better is to create extra space for a roof top pool.

Types of pitched roofs that can be used for one-story houses:

• Single and double slope.
• Tent, hip and semi-hip.
• Broken line (mansard).
• Complex (multi-forceps) and combined.

Shed roof - cheap, simple and reliable, but not very attractive. In general, a shed roof is a slope fixed on walls with different heights. This option is more likely to have outlived its own, since the shed roof is practically not used in the construction of modern houses. It is best used on outbuildings or garages.

The gable roof is a timeless classic. This option is optimal for a one-story house. This type of roof combines practicality and reliability; it is simple and not very expensive to build it. With the help of this roof, it is already possible to emphasize the exterior of the house, to express its individuality, using various styles and roofing.

A four-pitched hipped-type roof consists of slopes in the form of a triangle, the tops of which converge to one point. This option looks interesting, built quickly and easily.

An alternative option is a hip roof, this is also a kind of four-pitched roof. The main difference is that during the construction of the roof, two triangular slopes (end) are used, and the two main ones are made in a trapezoidal shape. Building a hip roof is a little more difficult, but outwardly it will be very tempting.

The mansard roof is a construction with broken slopes that is constantly gaining popularity. Thanks to such a roof, it is not necessary to create a second floor, because the attic can be actively used as a residential attic.

A combined or multi-gable roof is an expensive and difficult option to implement. Such roofs are mainly used for large cottages or houses with several floors, so the use of these types of roofs will not be entirely logical when building a small one-story house. These roofs are the most beautiful in appearance, however, only professionals can build them, and the cost of this will be very high.

Roof design and installation

Before you start building a house and a roof, you need to develop a project, think through all the details in it and pay special attention to every little thing. At the stage of project formation, you need to choose the type of roof, solve design issues, and also choose the material that will be used to build the roof, its roof.

The end result should be successfully combined, harmonized, creating a single picture that suits both externally and functionally. When choosing materials, you need to focus not only on their external data, but also on functionality, especially installation. Roofing material should be not only attractive, but also reliable, because you need to live in this house.

You can carry out the work yourself, but you can attract professionals who guarantee the quality of work and the reliability of the design. It will cost more, but the result will certainly be good, which is very important when building a house.

Beautiful roofs are one of the elements of modern suburban real estate decor. Before making the right choice of roof shape, it is necessary to understand what types of roofs are currently available.

The roof belongs to the category of the most important elements of home ownership that perform a protective function. The element prevents negative external influences that rain, snow masses, gusts of wind, as well as other adverse natural phenomena can cause to the house. It's not hard to make a roof right. if you know the features of such a design and with sufficient attention to the choice of roofing material. When choosing a roof, it is also important to consider whether the design is chosen for one-story buildings or structures with an exit
to the second floor.

The roof must necessarily meet several, the most basic requirements, which are represented not only by sufficient indicators of resistance to external factors, but also by a high level of strength. Properly chosen design provides good performance of thermal insulation and waterproofing. Equally important is the attractive appearance of the roof, as well as resistance to fire, which is especially important on wooden and flammable households.

Varieties of roofs (video)

Types of roofs for a private house according to the frame design

Modern varieties, depending on the frame features and geometric shape, can be represented by flat and pitched roofs. The first option is most often settled on buildings for household and auxiliary purposes, including garages, sheds and tracks. The main disadvantage is represented by the inability to arrange the attic space. Pitched structures are installed on standard residential households, and differ in the presence or absence of an equipped attic space. A pitched roof can be insulated or cold.

single slope option

The simplest and most affordable system to build, based on walls of different heights. As a rule, it is used in the construction of auxiliary buildings and other auxiliary buildings, as well as in summer cottages. In addition to the obvious advantages, the choice of such a design is carried out taking into account the disadvantages represented by the lack of an attic and not very attractive appearance.

shed roof

Diamond variant

The diamond roof is characterized by diamond-shaped bevels, and has an external resemblance to the Sudeikin roof. The main difference is represented by the absence of kinks, and a simpler design of the truss system. It is used for the arrangement of households with a square base, mainly in one-story private housing construction.

Gable option

The most common and highly practical roofing system, consisting of a pair of slopes, united by a "ridge" element and having both a symmetrical and almost asymmetric appearance. Slopes may vary in length and angle of inclination. Under such a frame, an attic or attic room can be quite easily equipped. Wall parts, called gables, serve as a limitation of the attic space.

Gable roof

hip variant

Replacing the gables with two triangular slopes allows you to get a hip roof structure. In this case, the slopes are called hips, and their upper part is represented by dormer windows. Complex structures of this type are built by professionals, but their technical characteristics are several orders of magnitude higher than simple roofs.

Half hip variant

The design, which occupies an intermediate position between a gable and a hip roof, is distinguished by trapezoidal end gables and the presence of an upper part in the form of half-hips. Properly designed gables allow you to equip full-fledged ok on, and thanks to its attractive appearance, the half-hip roof becomes a real decoration of home ownership.

Half-hipped roof

Tent option

One of the varieties of the hip type, represented by three or more slopes that converge at one point at the top. The design does not have a ridge element and is distinguished by the symmetry of the slopes. The option is most often used for households that have a regular polygonal or square shape.

Multi-forceps option

If it is necessary to equip buildings that have the appearance of a complex polygon, as a rule, multi-gable roofs are used, which are distinguished by very complex structural elements and a complex truss system.

Broken variant

The mansard roof on a private household is quite often represented by a broken type of construction. A characteristic difference of such a truss system is a sufficiently large angle of inclination or kink, which has a positive effect on the ability to fully use the entire usable area of ​​the attic space.

Multi-gable roof option

Domed and conical version

Varieties of this type are quite rare in private residential households. Such a spherical roof, most often, covers only part of the usable area of ​​the home, therefore it is one of the elements in the form of a veranda roof or decorative turrets.

Combined variant

The most complex design, which is a combination of such types as tent, multi-gable and half-hip. Has an unusual appearance and is distinguished by a large number of dormer windows, closed small balconies and verandas.

Gallery: types of roofs by design (57 photos)

Varieties of roofs for a private house on a slope

An important criterion for the construction of the roof are the indicators of the slope relative to the horizontal level. The roof can be slightly sloping or gently sloping, of an average level of inclination, as well as steep, made on the basis of strongly sloping slopes. Should be remembered that different types of roofing materials require a different pitched slope.

slate coating

Mounting of asbestos-cement corrugated sheets is used exclusively for roofing slopes within 13-60 °. Smaller values ​​cause infiltration of water and snow mass, which causes a significant reduction in the service life.

Requires an optimal slope within 30-60 °. If the laying of such tiles is carried out on roofs with a slope of less than 25 °, then it will be necessary to improve the ventilation system and waterproofing.

Metal roofing

A very popular and widespread option in suburban construction roofing material does not have a normalized maximum angle of inclination, and the minimum roofing slope is only 15 °.

Coating based on profiled flooring

This option is mainly used in the arrangement of the roof on all kinds of outbuildings. It is necessary to equip this type of coating with a minimum slope of 10 °.

Bituminous tiling

One of the most convenient roofing materials in work and operation is used on structures with a slope of at least 12 °. The maximum tilt angle is not limited. The material is perfect for complex structures with any curvature.

Bituminous tiling

Bituminous slate coating

Roofing corrugated sheet material is used in the arrangement of structures with a slope angle of at least 5 °. There is no maximum limit for such material, but at the same time, the step of the installed crate frame base must be taken into account without fail.

Rebate coating

Quite expensive, but the most durable and externally attractive roofing material should be laid with a slope of at least 20 °. There are no maximum restrictions in this case.

How the roof is arranged (video)

Types of roofing materials for roofs for private

Even despite the fact that at present domestic and foreign manufacturers produce a large number of all kinds of roofing, all materials for arranging the roof can be divided into three main varieties:

• related to economy class and differing in a not too pronounced attractive appearance, but having consistently good quality characteristics. The category of the most popular types is represented by slate, profiled flooring and ondulin;
• related to business class and represented by modern soft roofing, as well as metal tiles. Due to the sufficiently high quality characteristics, such coatings are distinguished by good waterproofing data and are able to give an attractive appearance to the equipped household;
• belonging to the premium class and includes the most expensive options, which include high-quality ceramic tiles, as well as beautiful and very durable copper.

If necessary, the homeowner can always replace an unaffordable material with a less expensive, but quite high-quality roofing material.

Currently, domestic and foreign manufacturers produce a large number of all kinds of roofing

Features of drafting the roof of a private house with your own hands

When independently compiling project documentation for a roof being erected over a private household, several factors must be taken into account at once. One of the most important is the pitched slope of the structure. At a shed roof, it usually does not exceed 20-30o. Planes on mansard roofs are installed with an angle of 45-60⁰ at the bottom and about 25-35⁰ at the top of the structure. Traditional gable structures are designed with an indicator at the level of 25-45⁰.

When designing a roof, you need to know that in areas with strong and gusty winds, when choosing, it is imperative to take into account and correctly calculate the force of the wind load. If it is planned to equip a useful attic space, then it is advisable to give preference to a tent or gable model. Broken roofs are characterized by excellent appearance, but such varieties should be combined with the layout of the household. Among other things, due to the structural complexity, it will be quite difficult to build this type of roof structure with your own hands.

The project must necessarily display all the main elements represented by the supporting structure in the form of inclined or hanging rafters, the base for the coating, thermal and waterproofing, the type of roofing and the location of the ventilation gap.

How to choose a roof (video)

Design of original roofs for the house

In recent years, a hipped roof has been gaining momentum in popularity, assuming the presence of four to eight planes, which contributes not only to the best removal of rainwater and snow mass, but also allows you to get a beautiful coating. A beautiful roof structure is also obtained by combining several gable elements or two or three types of slopes at once. However, when choosing this option, you need to remember that it can be very difficult to maintain such a structure in good condition, as well as mount it, so most homeowners resort to the help of specialists in the field of roofing and construction.

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