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It is accepted by the company to visit the bathhouse, because this time is combined with weekends or holidays. However, it should be borne in mind that not all rooms are able to withstand a large number of people at the same time. It is necessary to take care of solving this issue even at the construction stage, laying the optimal size of the bath. Here, not only the area of \u200b\u200bthe inner perimeter is taken into account, although it is initially clear that this is a compact structure, but the area of each individual room. The bath should be comfortable to bathe and relax.
A few words about the bath
Excessively large dimensions of the steam room, as well as too small ones, will create inconvenience. Heating a large room will consume a significant amount of fuel, which will lead to inefficient use of resources. Since any space is limited, an increase in the steam room will entail a decrease in other rooms, for example, a rest room. Therefore, already at the design stage, you need to take care of what the optimal dimensions for a particular bath will be.
Steam room - central place
In calculating the area of \u200b\u200bthe main room in the bath, not only the estimated number of people who will be inside is taken, but also the size of the stove. Enough space should be left next to it so that no one gets burned or otherwise injured.
Fuel is gas, coal, wood, electricity. Each case will have a different internal layout. Most of the space is occupied by wood-burning brick ovens. A positive quality in this situation is that they do not need to install additional protection against impact on the walls, it is harder to get burned with them.
During the installation of a metal furnace, its surface needs additional thermal protection from possible burning.
When choosing the optimal size of the steam room in the bath, it is worth taking into account the position in which the visitors will bathe:
- a sitting position will require a minimum of space;
- intermediate half-sitting/reclining positions need more space;
- baths, in which they like to bathe lying down, require a significant place.
Most often, the optimal size of the bath for 3 people in a sitting position is limited to 1.3x1.8 m. The same bath room for 4 people will need to be expanded to 1.5x2.0 m. These dimensions do not include a stove. Under it, you also need to allocate a place based on its operational characteristics.
Shelf dimensions (width) are chosen according to how visitors will behave for a longer time:
- 0.4 m wide from the wall is enough for the sitting position of the average person;
- it will be possible to sit with raised legs on a shelf at a width of about 0.8-0.9 m;
- take a reclining position with a distance to the wall of 1.5 m;
- in full growth it will be possible to lie down on a bench of at least 1.8 m, but most often in this case they are already located along the wall.
When choosing the optimal dimensions of the shelves in the bath, it is worth considering that they are often installed on several floors.
- The smallest width at the bottom step. It is used for children or as a stand for bath accessories.
- The second shelf is used most often, so it has the largest width.
- The height from the surface of the third shelf to the ceiling should not be less than a meter, so that it remains possible to sit comfortably there.
The height between the shelves remains approximately 0.3-0.4 m. The boards on the surface are nailed with a gap of 3-4 mm to improve air circulation.
The doorway should be designed to minimize heat loss. Be sure to install a small threshold. Common dimensions are 0.8x1.5 m.
The door from the steam room should always open outward to ensure the safe operation of the bath.
VIDEO: Steam room volume calculation / Steam room dimensions
Washroom or shower room
When choosing which bath size is the most optimal, you will need to take into account the dimensions of the washing room. This space contains cold water tanks and hot water showers. The installed pool inside the building can affect the area.
To accommodate 2-3 visitors here, a minimum of 1.8x1.8 m of space is required. In this space there will be a booth with hot water or a tub of water. The standard parameters for four wash users will be a value of 2.0x2.0 m.
The project may involve placing the stove in two rooms at the same time, both in the steam room and in the shower room. In such a situation, it is customary to install a hot water tank in the washing room. In this regard, the parameters of the furnace must allow not only to heat the steam room, but also to heat the allocated volume of water.
It is worth starting from the fact that a medium-sized metal stove for a bath is able to provide heating to a room of 18-19 m 3 and at the same time heat a container of water of 60-70 liters.
Such dimensions are quite enough for a family of four. If more visitors come, you will have to make a second call.
Window dimensions
The steam room requires a small window through which heat will not escape, but through which you can ventilate the room. The washing room needs natural light, which is provided through small windows.
When choosing the optimal size of a bath for a summer residence, they are guided by the fact that the windows in the washing room are located at a height of at least 1.3-1.4 m, otherwise unwanted drafts will appear. Windows are mounted with double glazing and dimensions of approximately 0.5x0.7 m.
To get the most optimal size of the bath, we install the doors to the washing room a little larger than to the steam room. They can already be 0.8x1.8 m. If it is not possible to build a pool inside the washing room, then it is installed outside the building.
Pre-bath room
For buildings that have a small area, the dressing room performs several functions at the same time. This place is a regular rest room, and also serves as a temperature barrier between the outside space and the washing room with a steam room. Also in this area is often placed a supply of firewood for drying.
The optimal size of the sauna dressing room for 2 or 3 people will be approximately 1.3x3.0 m. To accommodate four comfortably, the area is 1.7x3.6 m. Here you can leave some things or outerwear.
The room is equipped with large, for example, panoramic windows. Double glazing is also desirable here. The front door without a terrace or gazebo in front of the building is a direct entrance to the bath itself. Its dimensions are usually 1.8x0.8 m. When using a bathhouse in winter, it is necessary to insulate the outer doors or install double doors.
VIDEO: Bath minimum dimensions
The construction of a bath begins with a project, determining the size and configuration of the room. What should be the branch of the steam room? Do you need a rest room and dressing room? What is the minimum ceiling height? In the article we will tell you what to consider when planning and make an approximate calculation of the size of the bath for 2-4 people.
4 Must-Have Questions to Calculate the Optimal Bath Size
1. How many people are steaming at the same time?A standard family bath is made for 2-4 people, if we bathe with friends, then we take into account that about 6 people can bathe at the same time (maybe more, but 6 is the most typical option). Everyone should be comfortable, expect that one person occupies approximately 1m2.
2. How do you like to bathe?
There are several options for location in the steam room, here are the most common:
4. How long do you wash?
5. Do you like to sit longer in the bath? A small room warms up faster and cools down more slowly, if you are not going to receive guests, then the smaller the steam room, the better (but not less than 2.5x2.5x2.5 m)
6. Do you need additional premises?
The bathhouse consists of a steam room, a washing room, and a rest room. Do not sacrifice a rest room in favor of the steam room and vice versa, you need all three types of premises - trust our experience, you will regret that you did not.
7. What attributes will be in the premises?
Before you call a contractor or start building a bathhouse with your own hands, draw a project. By hand, in specialized programs (SketchUp is good) - anyway, the main thing is to arrange “on the shelves” everything you want to see in the bath: shelves, stove, headrests, shower, buckets, water taps, table, clothes hanger, etc. . Someone needs to fit a table for 7 people in the relaxation room, and for someone a small bench is enough to lie down. The size depends on what you want to see in the bath room.
The optimal size of a small family bath.
Let's say you have a small family bath for 2 or 4 family members. You need a steam room that can accommodate up to 4 people at the same time, a small relaxation room with a table and a washroom for the same number of people. Let's estimate the optimal height and width of the room.
Determine the height of the steam room
They say that the steam room should be under the height of the tallest member of the family - this is not true. The minimum possible height is 2.5 - 2.7 m, even if the tallest member of the family is not more than 1.8 m tall, this does not mean that you need to make a low ceiling. With a low ceiling, the volume of the steam cake will be extremely small, due to the small thickness of the layer, the steam will be unstable. Also, lay at least 1 m between the top shelf and the ceiling so that you can also sit on the top shelf.We calculate the width of the steam room
We need at least one lying place, that is, one of the sides should not be less than 1.8 m. The optimal size for 2-3 steamers: 3x3 or 3.5x3.5 m, that is, an area from 9 to m2 at different ratios of length and width, and the minimum critical, that is, the one at which it is still possible to cook a steam cake, sufficient for a short soar, is 2.5x2.5x2.5 m.We calculate the height and width of the washing
The same number of people go to wash as they bathe, which means the room should be no smaller in size. The ceiling height should be either the same as in the steam room or higher. The higher the ceiling, the easier it is to breathe in the room. Thus, the optimal dimensions are height: 2.5 - 2.7 meters, width: 3.5x3.5 or 4.5-4.5 mWe calculate the size of the rest room
We also start from the number of people and the furniture that we want to place in the room: a table, benches, chairs, clothes hanger, TV, etc. For 4 people we recommend a rest room with a width of at least 4.5-4.5 mSo let's summarize what should be the room of a standard bath for 2-4 people:
Steam room: height: 2.5-2.7 m; width: 3.5x3.5 m
Washing room: height: 2.5 - 2.7 meters; width: 3.5x3.5 or 4.5-4.5 m
Recreation room: height: 2.5 - 2.7 meters; width: 4.5-4.5 m
The entire bath room should occupy at least 44 m2
Today, more and more people are installing steam rooms at home. If these are large apartments, then in addition to the bathroom, a closet is made for a steam room, the capacity can be up to two people, sometimes for one. Owning a country house, some people make a whole bath complex with a steam room, a relaxation room, a washing room and a bathroom.
If a person really likes to take a steam bath once a week, and he has the opportunity and place to make his own small steam room, he will take advantage of this. Of course, this will require quite a lot of money, since it’s not worth making a cheap option, it will ruin all the impressions.
First you need to decide on the size of the steam room. Experts advise making a room for at least two, as it is safer. It's not worth it to take a steam bath, anything can happen.
The Russian bath does not require much heating, on average it will be fifty degrees. But there are designs that allow you to keep a high degree, like in Finnish baths, and also feel comfortable.
Steam room height
Almost all professionals in this business claim that the height of the steam room should be a maximum of 2.5 meters. It's not just like that. The height allows people of any height to feel comfortable, and the warm-up time of the steam room will not be long.
To increase the area of the steam room, the floor space is reduced as much as possible, usually they leave a place for the stove and a place so that you can close the doors behind you.
Read also: Do-it-yourself ceiling insulation in the bath
The height of the steps is about 35 - 40 centimeters. In almost all standard steam rooms, no more than three steps are made.
steps
The last step is made the largest, because it is on it that the person who will be hovered will lie. The first stage is made mainly for those who are not so susceptible to high temperatures and is intended for sitting. The second stage is considered universal.
The volume of steps is based on the size of the steam room. The number of steps can be two, or one large surface. Depends on the choice of steam room.
Steam room dimensions
Depending on how long a person will be in the steam room, you can take an approximate dimension:
— 840 by 1150 cm (the size of the steam room for one person);
- 1150 by 1150 cm (the size of the steam room for one or two people, extremely crowded);
- 1450 - 1300 cm (the size of the steam room for two people - the ability to only sit);
- 1050 - 1800 cm (one person - the ability to lie and sit);
- 1500 to 2350 (two people - the ability to lie down and sit);
Anything larger than 2000 by 2250 centimeters is considered a fairly large steam room, such dimensions of the steam room are designed for three to four people.
Note: Dimensions do not include wall thicknesses
It is best to do with a margin of ten to twenty centimeters, so that you can feel comfortable. The main thing is not to make the steam room too small, as very often there is a feeling of isolation.
For steam rooms that are located in summer cottages and stand in a separate building, it is better to provide a window in advance, in which case it will be possible to quickly ventilate the room. The window is usually made no more than 50 by 50 cm, but this will require additional thermal insulation.
Read also: Heated floor for your own sauna
Finishing the steam room
The most common coverings for the steam room:
Maple, pine, white ash, birch, fiery birch, hornbeam, koto, white oak, ash, Caucasian oak, citron, limba.
They have a great smell and have a positive effect on well-being. This is a good vapor barrier and tightness, so you should not resort to some cheap substitutes that can cause an allergic reaction, they are also short-lived and require frequent replacement. It is better not to be stingy and spend money once on a high-quality and pleasant finish.
The walls of the steam room should be thick so as not to let steam and heat out. If there are large differences compared to the external environment, then the walls may crack.
It is also necessary to buy additional accessories that are present in each steam room:
- hourglass (in no case do not hang the clock on batteries);
- thermohygrometer;
- thermometer (alcohol);
- lamps (several pieces);
— headrests (purchased separately, it is quite difficult to do it yourself);
Steam oven
To date, there are three types of furnace - a metal, brick and electric. Each of them has its own positive and negative properties.
1. electric furnace very uneconomical, since a fairly large amount of kW is spent on heating and constant heat support. For example, to warm up the floor, walls and ceiling in a steam room measuring 20-25 sq.m., it will take about 4 kW. If this steam room, which is upholstered not with a clapboard, but with a bare frame, then the figure must be multiplied by one and a half. Here you also need to add about 10 kW to warm up the stove itself, stones and a water tank.
The main functional room of any bath will be the so-called steam room or, as it is also called, the steam room. Its high-quality arrangement allows you to make wellness procedures more effective, high-quality and enjoyable for a person and significantly increase the popularity and demand for a bath as such. And it is simply impossible to imagine that the Russian bath does not have a steam room.
Device Features
The device of this room should be not only simple, but at the same time as comfortable and convenient as possible for those who will use it. The most important thing is that it should contain the right number of shelves and racks. It should be said that the stove is the main component of any steam room, because it is precisely the role assigned to it to ensure the correct microclimate, as well as the comfortable required temperature in this room. Today in the steam room it is possible to easily install any type of stove: stone, electric, or made of metal and brick.
If we talk about shelves, they are formed from boards and leave a small space between them, thereby forming a drain. By the way, it is better to use any wood for shelves, except for conifers. Shelves should be fixed so that there is as much free space as possible and it remains possible to carry out quick cleaning after visiting this room. Under them, you can place various kinds of bath accessories such as various ladles, buckets, as well as brooms. In general, the distance between the floor and the shelves should be maximized, because cold air masses accumulate under them.
The steam room should have ideal proportions so that it warms up well to the required temperature level.
It is best to design an option with an area of 2 by 2.5 meters. Its height should be 2.10 - 2.15 meters. This size is enough for both brick and wooden steam rooms.
Its walls must also be sheathed with special insulation, which will retain heat inside for a long time and at the same time, under the influence of high temperatures, will not emit harmful substances into the environment. If we talk about flooring, then usually it is made either from boards or from tiles, which are quite easy to care for.
The door should have a minimum size, because it can become a source of additional heat loss. It is better if it is located near the furnace. It should not have constipation and be easy to open and close tightly. The latter is extremely important due to the fact that it is not uncommon for such doors to jam due to swelling of the tree due to high humidity. There can be no windows in such a room at all, but if you still want to make them, then they should be very small, deaf and located as high as possible to the ceiling.
An obligatory element, without which the effective use of such a room is impossible, is a ventilation system that will remove excess moisture from the outside and will provide a constant supply of fresh air.
materials
Such a room can be built from various materials - brick, stone (natural), foam and gas blocks. But, of course, wood is the best material. As a rule, rounded or planed logs are taken for a steam room. There are cases when you can use a bar. Glued laminated timber can also be a good solution due to maximum moisture resistance. But it also has a corresponding cost.
The most convenient in laying and the most affordable can be called a profiled beam, which is also quite resistant to deformation effects of various kinds. For the construction of a steam room, wood species such as aspen, birch or larch and linden are perfect. The mentioned species of these trees do not emit any resins at all. You must be extremely careful if you decide to choose a pine tree. It is better to make only walls from this wood, but it is better to finish them inside from non-coniferous wood.
Also for the steam room as a whole, linden is an excellent solution, because it has wonderful cleansing and diaphoretic agents. In addition, this material has excellent strength, durability and hardness, besides, its price is attractive.
Project and calculation
It is necessary to create a project before the start of construction work. Dimensions will vary due to a large number of nuances. First you need to understand how many people will be steaming here at the same time. The overall dimensions of the room will directly depend on this indicator. If we talk about the norms, then at least 0.7 m2 should be allocated for each person.
To calculate the height of the room, you can choose the height of the tallest family member and add 20 centimeters. During the calculations, you need to understand that the ceiling will receive additional insulation, which means that its level will be slightly lower than originally expected. Making the steam room too high is also not the best solution, as this can cause not only insufficient heating, but also extra energy costs to compensate for this shortcoming.
Hot air masses will simply go up to the ceiling and will not have any necessary effect on those who are in the steam room. It is best if the height of the steam room is 2.2-2.4 meters.
The placement of people in the sauna can be either recumbent or seated. The seated arrangement in the steam room will make it possible to make it more compact. The shelves on which it is supposed to lie require significantly more space. In this case, the minimum length indicator will be 20 centimeters more than the height of the tallest member of the family.
It is imperative to work out the issue of the ventilation system. Since this room is not a washing room or a rest room, steam will accumulate here so much that in the presence of permanent and constant humidity all wooden elements will quickly become unusable, this will also cause mold to form, which will make the microclimate unfavorable for humans.
Where to put the oven?
Another important question that we will try to answer in this article. If you refer to SNiP under the number 41-01-2003, then the stove in the bath should be located at a distance of at least 32 centimeters from wooden structures. If the walls are protected by materials that do not burn, then the distance can be reduced to 26 centimeters. These norms are very important, since any steam room has its own central element - the stove.
Its location is very important, because the efficiency of the entire system will depend on it. As a rule, it is installed next to the outer wall, which allows you to lead the chimney through the wall on the street without damaging the attic floor and roof.
But there is an option to create a traditional design with a vertical pipe passing through the entire building of the bath. To do this, a special hole is made in the ceiling ceiling, which is carried out through the attic, which is passed through the roof. After that, the gaps between the pipe and the roofing material are covered with waterproofing. This option is more difficult to implement in terms of installing a chimney. But if you give preference to him, then this will significantly save space in the steam room due to the indentation from the wall. But here we should not forget that the oven should be compact.
By the way, on the market today you can find quite small options that have great efficiency and will be a great solution for any steam room.
Tools and accessories
In order to make a steam room, we need:
- beams for the construction of walls, as well as partitions;
- concrete-based mortar;
- clay, sand, gravel;
- reinforcement for creating a foundation;
- boards for creating formwork;
- waterproofing materials;
- refractory brick;
- tile;
- lining;
- mineral wool or any other insulation;
- slate and galvanization;
- antiseptics;
- fixtures, cable, junction boxes, switches and fans.
If we talk about tools, then we will need:
- shovel or small excavator;
- saw (electric or gasoline);
- axe;
- electric drill;
- hammer;
- electric screwdriver;
- construction stapler;
- caulk;
- mallet;
- level and rule.
After all of the above is at hand, you can proceed directly to the construction.
Installation and insulation
After the project has been fully drawn up, and the calculations you have made have been checked for inaccuracies and errors, you can begin building the foundation of the future steam room and walls with your own hands. The following step-by-step instruction will help with this.
So, the first stage of work will be laying the foundation. To do this, you must first dig a pit in the shape of a rectangle. Its depth should be at the level of 1/2 of the freezing of the earth. The height above the ground should be 17-19 centimeters. If there is no base, then you can raise the structure by 60 centimeters. It is also important that the width of the foundation be 10 centimeters greater than the width of the beam itself. After that, we install the reinforcement on which the first crown will be fixed. Next, we make the formwork and fill the foundation with prepared concrete. If bubbles appear during pouring, then remove them with a special tool. Now, under the washing, we dig a drain hole with dimensions of 1.8 x 1.8 x 1.5 m and fill its walls with concrete.
After this, the foundation must be allowed to settle for 6-7 days. In the upper part, it is necessary to make ventilation holes, which should be located on walls opposite to each other. At the next stage, we build a blind area around the foundation. To create it, we take clay and mix it with rubble, pouring a layer 5-10 centimeters thick.
Now, along the perimeter of our foundation, it is necessary to lay roofing material. It will be best if it is laid in several layers. It should extend beyond the dimensions of the base by 50 millimeters. In order to build walls, you can use factory wall kits if desired. You can also cut the timber into blanks of the length we need. They need to make special spikes and grooves. After that, in the initial row, we make markings in accordance with the installation of the reinforcement and drill holes 25 millimeters deep, after which you can proceed with laying the first crown of the bath walls. To do this, we put it on the pins, we connect the bars, after which we seal the connection points.
Then we put the second row, drill holes that will go half the height of the first row. Now we pull out the second row and drive dowels into the holes of the first at 1.5 parts of the height of the timber. After that we fill the next row. Now we connect the crowns with dowels, and we insulate the grooves with jute. We also leave room for doorways. And thus we build a bath with a steam room up to a certain level of height.
Now we cut the beam ceilings into the upper crown, and the rafter ends into their lower ones. The upper ends should be connected in the ridge. Between the rafters we take steps of 1–1.2 meters, after which we nail a board for the ridge and a crate to them. A vapor barrier and waterproofing are laid on top, which can be foil, after which we put some roofing material on top, for example, slate. Also, it is necessary to foresee the presence of embedded pipes in advance. After that, we can say that the frame of the bath with a steam room is ready.
Ceiling: proper ventilation
In order to reduce the high humidity in this type of room, as well as prevent the appearance of mold and mildew, the steam room in the bath must have a really efficient and reliable exhaust ventilation mechanism. Such a system will be the best solution for the timely removal of excess moisture and the supply of clean air from the street. According to experts, it is best to make a supply and exhaust ventilation mechanism in rooms of this type, which will have a built-in air duct.
In this case, the supply channel should be located near the firebox in the lower part of the steam room. The hood in this case should be installed in the upper part of the opposite wall almost under the ceiling. The size of the exhaust duct should be twice the diameter of the supply duct.
And you can regulate the air flow with the help of the most common built-in valves.
Floor
The installation of the floor can be done immediately after the frame of the room has been built. If we are talking specifically about the steam room, then here the floor level should be significantly higher than in other rooms. Consider how to properly lay the floor.
We put logs from a wooden beam on an already prepared foundation, after which we nail boards on them. The distance between them should be 6-9 millimeters, and between the floor and the ground, the distance should be at least half a meter. After that, we make holes for ventilation.
It should be said that the concrete floor will be more durable and stronger, but its cost will be significantly higher. In the washing room, where the shower cabin will stand, and in the steam room we tear out a pit 12 cm deep for water to drain. Its walls are made of concrete mortar. On top we lay a crate of metal. From here, the water will drain into the sewer drain. When it is ready, we make a screed. To begin with, we need to mark the points to which the floor level will be brought, after which we measure the distance from them in order to fill the screed. Now it is necessary to level the ground and remove a little of the top layer, after which we pour a layer of sand up to 45 centimeters, moisten it with water and tamp it well, making a slope towards the drain.
Now pour the first five-centimeter layer of concrete mortar. After the screed dries, we roll out glass isol or roofing material on it, after which we lay a layer of thermal insulation half a centimeter thick. On all this we put metal reinforcement from the mesh, on top of which we pour the second concrete layer already 10 centimeters thick. Now we level the concrete and remember the slope of the drain. A tile or other floor covering is placed on top of the entire structure.
Walls: "pie"
If the walls of the steam room are made of foam blocks or using the so-called frame technology, then they require additional insulation. In fact, inside we should receive a thermos, where cold air will not enter and which will retain the heat coming from the stove. This will make it possible to significantly save resources that will be spent on heating, as well as maintaining a certain temperature regime here. In fact, you need to create a "pie" of the wall. So it is called because the materials are stacked in layers, which makes it look like a pie.
Before starting, a hole is made in the wall where the stove will be installed. After that, a windproof film is fixed on the walls and bars 5 centimeters thick and 4 centimeters wide are screwed. The step between them should be equal to the width of the insulation tiles. After that, a basalt insulation, which belongs to the category of non-combustible, is quite tightly laid between the mentioned bars. Now you need to nail the waterproofing to the bars. It is best to do this with galvanized staples. As protection, you can use one of three options:
- waterproofing bath membrane;
- high density foil;
- penoizol based on foam type foil.
Strips of one of these materials are nailed using the same staples with an overlap of at least 15 centimeters. All joints must be sealed with a special adhesive tape, and only then slats with a thickness of 25 mm and a width of about 40 mm are fastened with galvanized screws every 70 centimeters from each other. Now we evenly install the crate using a laser level.
Its installation starts with 2 rails along the edges, between which a cord is pulled, which serves as a guide for nailing other crate elements. After that, the lining board is already attached. To fix it, you can use special galvanized nails. After that, it remains to make holes in the wall for ventilation, which must be masked with plugs or dampers.
If necessary, you can mount a fan in one of the ventilation holes.
Installation of windows and doors
As mentioned above, the construction of a separate steam room does not provide for the installation of windows, so artificial lighting will be more than enough. By the way, we should not forget that for all windows it is required to make thermal insulation of the blocks, which will entail additional costs. Alternatively, you can mount 1 blind window measuring 50 by 50 centimeters. In order to make the steam room really of high quality, you should definitely buy the best double-glazed windows that have maximum efficiency in terms of heat and sound insulation.
Naturally, you need to make doors in the steam room. It should be understood that the door frame is at a level lower than usual, and the threshold is slightly higher. Such a solution will reduce heat loss and prevent drafts from forming. The optimal height of the threshold is considered to be thirty centimeters. The door is installed in such a way that people entering it cannot get burned from the material heated during the operation of the steam room.
The tree has good thermal conductivity, which is why it is better to sheathe the door on both sides with foil and special insulation. And from above they can be disguised with the same clapboard.
An alternative to such a solution would be to simply purchase and then install glass doors. Outwardly, they look great and will be perfectly used in any conditions that may arise.
Finishing and arrangement
For finishing, you should choose a suitable tree. We are talking about oak, cedar, larch or linden. Sheathing should not be made of resinous wood such as pine. Before installation inside the wood, it is better to treat it with oily substances. Such impregnation will reduce the hygroscopicity of the material. Clapboard decoration starts from the ceiling. It is mounted on the crate using the mechanism of spikes and grooves or fastened with the help of clamps.
When the lining is mounted on the ceiling, work begins with the walls. Sheathing will go in parallel with the installation of shelves and occur in a certain sequence. First, with the help of a level, we mark the surface of the walls. At the same time, markings are underway on how the sunbeds will be placed with all the elements, including the backrests.
After that, the side and front of the shelves are sheathed. After that, the rest of the walls are sheathed. Now it remains to carry out the installation of skirting boards, both ceiling and floor. Sheathing details are usually used only in a special case, if it is fitted at the joints very inaccurately one under the other. It should be said that at this point it is necessary to be careful, because moisture can begin to collect in the gaps, which can cause the development of fungus and mold in these places.
Already at the end of the work, doors are mounted, as well as various lamps and fixtures. The wires must be carefully insulated so that moisture does not get on them and a short circuit does not occur, followed by fire.
In addition, after that, you can, for example, make a couple of hangers or additional shelves to place some accessories.
It should be noted that the most beautiful bath is obtained by those who want to introduce some of their own ideas into it and do something non-standard. Yes, and the steam room is a room where any material can become a work of art, whether it be wood, stone or metal. The main thing is that imagination and finances allow you to realize your ideas.
You can make a steam room with your own hands, although this requires a considerable amount of knowledge. At the same time, if everything is done really correctly, then you can be sure that it will turn out just as well as if you ordered the development of the project and its subsequent implementation from professional builders. In addition, the technology of self-creation of such a building has already been tested by more than one person and has proven its high quality and viability. In general, if you want to build a steam room with your own hands, then thanks to the knowledge described above, you can implement such an idea without any problems.
When drawing up a plan for a future bath during its construction, it is necessary to determine the optimal dimensions of the steam room, on which not only a comfortable stay depends, but also the safety of the people there.
The steam room is the main room in the bath, so its length and width, ceiling height, and shelf sizes must be selected correctly. The dimensions of the steam room depend on the type of bath being built: the budget option, as a rule, combines the washing room and the steam room, and in a more comfortable one these rooms are separated. Accordingly, their standard sizes of the steam room will vary.
The optimal size of the steam room depends on several factors:
- the total size of the bath;
- the number of people simultaneously in the steam room;
- dimensions of the sauna stove;
- type of construction and dimensions of shelves, the principle of their location.
Steam room height
The height of the steam room is the most important parameter that you need to decide. The quality of the steam depends on this parameter. The steam room should not be too low so that it has a sufficient volume of sustainable steam. In a steam room with a ceiling that is too high, steam will be wasted irrationally, so the recommended ceiling height is from 2.2 m to 2.4 m. above average, it will be uncomfortable to be in the steam room, in addition, there will not be enough fresh air, and the steam will quickly disappear. But, if you make the ceiling 2.5 m high, then the fuel consumption will increase, the time for kindling the heater will increase, because the volume of the steam room will increase by about 0.5 m3. At the same time, the entire volume of useful hot steam will accumulate not where the steamers are, but under the very ceiling. The height of the steam room door should be standard (65-70 cm by 170-180 cm), always with a high threshold to reduce the access of cold air from outside.
Lenght and width
Determining the size of the steam room should be carried out at the planning stage, along with the size of the bath itself. At the same time, the dimensions of the steam room should not be too large, otherwise it will take a lot of fuel and time to warm up the air. To correctly calculate the optimal length and width of the steam room, you need to decide on its type:
- Steam room for one person.
It can be presented in two versions: for one person with a seat and with a full-fledged shelf. In the first case, the steam room may not have a window, it has a single-tiered small shelf, and a heater. This is ideal for saunas located directly in the house, for Finnish saunas. The optimal size in this case is 1150-1200 mm along the wall with a heater, and 840-850 mm along the wall with a shelf.
Steam room for one or two people
If a bath for one person provides for a recumbent shelf, the length of the walls can be 1800 mm, and the width - 1050-1100 mm. A single-tier couch should be equipped with a step to use it as a seat if necessary.
The size of the steam room for two or three people depends on how it will be arranged - square or rectangular. The length of the walls of a square steam room must be at least 1150 mm. This form allows you to place the entrance in the corner, the heater next to it, and in the remaining two adjacent walls you can place corner shelves with accommodation for two or three people. If the steam room is rectangular in shape, the size of the long wall can be 1450-1500 mm, the short one - 1300 mm. this is a common option, especially for small baths, when a pair of seated loungers is used, located in two tiers or in an angular way.
- Steam room for four or more people.
A steam room for 4 or more people provides for a long wall size of 1800-2000 mm, a short one - 1400-1500 mm with a rectangular shape. On the long side, there are usually two-tier or three-tier shelves on which you can sit and lie. For a large bath for four, the optimal size is 2500 mm by 2000 mm, without taking into account the dimensions of the heater and the area it occupies.
The correct size of the steam room
Shelf dimensions
The size of the beds should be comfortable for a person, both in length and in width. Also important is the height of the shelves and the distance between them and the ceiling.
Dimensions of shelves in the steam room
The width of an ordinary sitting shelf should be 40 cm with a length according to the size of the room. In order to sit on a shelf with legs raised, its size must reach 90 cm in width. The length of the bed varies depending on whether you lie on it in full growth or with bent legs: in the first case, you can make it 150 cm long, in the second - at least 180 cm, given the possibility of equipping it with a headrest.
If the steam room is equipped with a three-tiered bed, the lower step should be the narrowest, and the upper one the widest. At the same time, the width of the bottom should be 40 cm, the width of the other two - within 60 and 90 cm. Three-tier, as well as two-tier shelves, can be located in the form of an angular structure, along one wall or opposite each other. The distance between the upper bench and the ceiling should be at least 1 m so that you can safely get up from it. The distance between adjacent shelves should be kept within 30-40 cm. Between the lamellas of the shelves, it is necessary to leave gaps of 3-4 mm for free air circulation, as well as quick drying after bath procedures.
If the washing room and the steam room in the bath are separate rooms, in relation to the locker room they should be in the ratio of 1.5x1x2 m.
In order for the floor in the bath to heat up faster and keep steam for a long time, it must be done 5 cm higher than the heater and 20 cm higher than the washing one.
For the convenience of taking bath procedures by older people, it is recommended to install a special shelf for them at least 50 cm wide and 180-200 cm long.
There should be 1 m2 of useful area per person washing in the steam room, from which 1 m2 of the heater area is deducted, including a small space around it.
If the steam room is equipped with a window, then its dimensions should not exceed 50 cm in length and width, so as not to release a large amount of hot air.
The optimal size of the steam room in the bath
The optimal size of the steam room. Steam room height. Lenght and width. Shelf dimensions. Recommendations - useful articles on stroypomochnik
The main rule when choosing a stove-heater is one: the sauna stove must have OPTIMUM power! The heater can have any design, any size, it can be electric, wood or gas, it can be cheap or expensive, unpretentious or exclusive, it can be absolutely any according to all criteria except one - it must be correctly installed and in terms of power it must exactly match your steam room.
"Wrong" power of the sauna stove
The power of the heater must be optimal, no more, no less. The issue of the power of the heater can be neglected only in one case: if you have built a hammam, where there is no sauna stove in the usual sense.
If the power of the heater is not chosen correctly, which will inevitably lead to certain troubles.
Some take a sauna stove with a large margin of power so that the steam room heats up faster. Yes, the steam room in this case will really heat up faster, but this is only the initial stage, and then the stove will work at a minimum.
As a result, you will get hot air, but cold stones, on which it is useless to pour water - they will not give steam, and if there is steam, then it will be clubs of white steam, like above a kettle, and not the light transparent steam that you were counting on when building a bathhouse with your own hands or ordering its construction “under key".
lack of power
The other extreme is to buy a minimum power sauna stove in order to simply save money. Even if such an oven can heat the steam room to the desired temperature, working at the limit, the heater will quickly fail.
Calculation of the optimal power of the sauna stove
Now the next question is: what is the optimal power? All manufacturers indicate for each model not only the power in kilowatts, but also the recommended volume of the steam room. We will not delve into the intricacies of calculating the thermal power, but let's take as a basis another parameter - the cubic capacity of the steam room. This makes it easier and more understandable.
We determine the cubic capacity of the steam room
In principle, the cubic capacity of the steam room can also be determined from the bath project - all sizes are there.
If there is no project, then you will have to work with a tape measure.
- We measure the steam room and write down its length, height, width in meters.
- We multiply everything, we get our volume in cubic meters.
It would seem that we have already received the same cubic capacity of the steam room, according to which we will choose a stove for a bath. But it's not. There are a number of other nuances that must be taken into account.
We make the necessary adjustments
The actual cubic capacity of the steam room is not yet the data that should be relied upon when choosing the power of a bath stove. This is only a theory, but there are also individual features of the steam room of a particular bath, and these features also affect the choice of the required power of the bath stove.
- If there are uninsulated surfaces on the walls or ceiling in the steam room(brickwork, stone or tile cladding, windows, and so on), then we consider their area, multiply by 1.2 and add to the previously calculated cubic capacity. That is, each 1 sq.m. of such surfaces increases the estimated volume by 1.2 cubic meters;
- If you have a glass door in the steam room, then we add another 1.5 cubic meters to the resulting volume;
- If the walls are made of logs and after that there is no interior decoration(the walls are not sheathed with clapboard through thermal insulation), then we multiply the volume by 1.5.
Now we know the volume for which the sauna stove we need should be designed.
When choosing a specific model the resulting volume must be in the middle of the limit values. For example, we got 20 cubic meters, which means that we need a sauna stove not with a cubic capacity of 12-20, but one that has 15-25 cubic meters indicated.
Thermal power and stones for the sauna stove
And don't forget the stones!
In order for the heater to give the heat output for which it is designed, it is necessary to load the stones into it exactly as much as the manufacturer recommended.
This parameter is also indicated for each model.
The optimal dimensions and dimensions of the Russian bath, steam room, washing room and dressing room
When building a bath, many owners adhere to the strict observance of all requirements for the configuration and size of the future building.
The optimal size of the bath ultimately determines the quality of wellness procedures.
What should be the optimal dimensions of the steam room and shelves? What ceiling height is important to observe when designing a bath?
Layout and overall dimensions
A classic Russian banya consists of a steam room, a washing room, a dressing room and other utility rooms. An electric or wood-burning heater is used as the main heating.
The minimum dimensions of the bath, designed for 2-3 people, are 1.9 × 2.1 meters. It is completed with one large bench for taking procedures in a sitting or lying position.
The average bath has the following parameters - 2.6 × 2.5 meters. For ergonomic use of free space, benches are placed in L or U-shape around the entire perimeter.
At the same time, it is important to observe the optimal ceiling height, the lower it is, the lower the fuel consumption for space heating.
As a rule, a rest bench is placed at the level of the upper part of the firebox - 100 cm, therefore, for maximum convenience of vacationers, the optimal ceiling height should be at least 2.4 meters. The height of the bath is determined by the technological features of the project and the overall dimensions of the future building.
Arrangement of a steam room
The central room of the bath is the steam room. Its dimensions are determined by the capacity and features of the wellness procedures - lying or sitting. When calculating the area of the steam room, it is worth considering the dimensions of the heater, often it takes up to 1 sq.m. area.
The minimum dimensions of the room are calculated based on the usable area intended for 1 visitor - 1.5 sq.m. Thus, for a company of 3 people, the steam room must have at least 5 sq.m. area. The optimal size of the steam room is determined taking into account the height of the tallest visitor - for example, 190 cm.
The main functional element of the steam room is a bench, the dimensions of which depend on the area of \u200b\u200bthe room and the personal preferences of vacationers. For sitting procedures, the width of the bench is at least 45 cm, while lying down - up to 95 cm.
The optimal size of a steam room for a company of 3–4 people is 5–6 sq.m. An increase in the usable area is allowed, but in no case should it be reduced.
Experts recommend installing electric heaters in small-sized steam rooms, and wood-burning metal stoves in large rooms. This will ensure the maximum intensity of thermal radiation at the minimum cost of electricity and fossil fuel.
Bench dimensions
The optimal dimensions of the benches installed in the steam rooms are determined by the functional features of their use:
- For sitting with outstretched legs - 45 cm;
- For sitting with bent legs - 95 cm;
- For lying with raised legs - 155 cm;
- For lying with straightened legs (full height) - 185 cm.
If the steam room has up to three benches, then the lowest of them should have a minimum width. It is intended for children or laying out accessories and accessories for procedures.
The optimal distance between the upper bench and the ceiling does not exceed 1 meter.
Between the individual wooden elements from which the benches are made, there should be small gaps of 0.35 cm for mandatory air convection.
Features of the washing
Washing room - a room intended for carrying out ablution procedures. Here are open tanks with hot and cold water, benches for sitting, showers and a font for cooling.
Washing room dimensions are determined as follows - 1 sq.m. per visitor.
For a company of 4 people, a room with an area of \u200b\u200b2 × 2.5 meters is suitable. For two people, washing 1.7 × 1.4 meters is enough.
Dimensions of the dressing room and rest room
The dressing room is a special locker room, which is located directly in front of the steam room or washing room. Some projects provide for the combination of a dressing room with a rest room.
In the dressing room, visitors undress and prepare for the main procedures, as well as rest after washing.
Most dressing rooms have benches, chairs, mirrors and clothes hangers. Some are equipped with compact pools for thermal procedures. For lovers of massage, a special trestle bed can be installed. There is also all kinds of utensils for wellness procedures - buckets, ladles, fuel for heaters.
In the middle bath, the dressing room has the following dimensions - 20 sq.m., in small buildings - up to 6 sq.m.
For a company of 4 people, a rest room of 8 sq.m. is enough. It may well fit a compact table, chairs and even a sofa bed. Additionally, you can equip a place for a tea ceremony. For companies for 6-10 people, it is better to provide a room up to 15 sq.m.
Arrangement of doors, windows and lighting
The dimensions of the doors are not an unimportant parameter when arranging such a structure. The recommended dimensions of doors with one leaf are as follows: width - 75 cm, height - 175 cm.
In small and compact steam rooms, a window is not provided to prevent possible heat loss.
Such an arrangement helps to properly accumulate steam under the ceiling and prevent it from mixing with the cooled air above the floor level.
When designing a bath, special attention should be paid to the correct lighting of the steam room. Fixtures should not be excessively bright, so as not to tire the eyes. It is recommended to choose devices designed for operation in rooms with high humidity and temperature changes.
Thus, the most suitable dimensions of the steam room and washing room can be selected, taking into account the maximum number of visitors, their gender and age, as well as the performance of the heating equipment.
The optimal dimensions of the bath: the width and height of the ideal steam room
How to determine the optimal size of the future bath. What dimensions should the main premises have: a steam room, a washing room and a dressing room. Appropriate ceiling heights and bench sizes for ease of treatment.
Calculation of the power of the furnace for the bath
Calculation of the power of the furnace for a bath, depending on the volume of the steam room
The sauna stove must be chosen with the optimal power based on the volume of your steam room.
You cannot make a mistake in choosing the power of the sauna stove, because then there will be no good steam: neither in the case when the power is not enough, nor in the case when the power of the stove is more than required.
If you put a small stove in the bath with insufficient power for the given volume of the steam room, then it will have to be operated beyond its capabilities, which will lead to rapid wear and breakdown of the stove.
If you buy a stove with a margin for reasons that the power reserve is never superfluous, then yes, indeed, the bath will heat up quickly and hot! But in order to bathe in comfortable conditions, you will have to artificially reduce its capabilities while soaring and ventilate the steam room after each entry. As a result, balanced steam cannot be obtained due to the fact that the stones in the heater will not be so hot. And if you maintain the desired temperature of the stones (at least 500 degrees C), then it will be too hot on the shelf and even in the lower zone, near the floor.
The calculation of the power of the furnace for the bath must be done in the following sequence:
- determine the volume of the steam room by multiplying its internal dimensions: width, length and height. For example, the steam room has dimensions of 3x2m and a height of 2.2m. So its volume is -13.2 m3.
- calculate heat loss by cold surfaces such as a glass door, a window, a brickwork of a partition by multiplying the area by a factor of 1.2, assuming that each square meter of such a surface absorbs the heat needed to warm up 1.2 m3. For example, in the steam room there is a window with dimensions 0, 5*1.0m=0.5m2 and a glass door measuring 1.8*0.8m=1.44m2. So the heat loss will be (0.5m2 + 1.44m2) * 1.2 = 2.33m3
- we summarize the calculated cubic capacity: the total volume of the steam room and heat loss from cold surfaces. We add up the previously calculated figures for items 1 and 2 and get the volume required for heating, which in our example is (13.2 + 2.33) = 15.53 m3
- we obtain the correct calculation of the power of the sauna stove if we take into account the material from which the bath is built, since the structures of the walls, ceiling and floor also absorb a decent amount of heat. For example, for a log bath, without finishing, you need to apply a coefficient equal to 1.6, and if inside the steam room is lined with clapboard, yes with foil, yes with insulation, then a reduction factor of 0.6 is taken (since such a wall does not absorb, and repels heat). So, for logs in a steam room, the calculated power of the furnace will be equal to 15.53m3x1.6 = 24.85 m3 = 24.85 kW (from the considerations that 1 kW of furnace power is enough for 1 m3 of the estimated volume of the steam room).
- When buying, we choose the furnace, which has a power in the range of 25 kW
The data for calculating the power of the furnace for each particular bath may differ in its characteristics due to the use of various materials and structures of the building itself, or some additional factors, for example, the presence of forced ventilation, etc.
Since steam is formed in a Russian bath as a result of splashing water on hot stones, it is necessary, when choosing a sauna stove, to look not only at its rated power, but also at the volume (weight) of stones that can be placed in this stove.
Calculation of stones for a bath
Different sources recommend a different number of stones per 1 m3 of a steam room when 15 people soar at the same time for 5 hours. Let's take a minimum: 30kg. Therefore, for our example, you will need 30 kg * 24.85 m3 = 745.5 kg. . Something is too much for a 25 kW furnace and weights of no more than 200 kg (cast iron) .... And what size should a metal furnace be so that so many stones fit into it?
In another "ancient" book, it is recommended for every 6 liters of water to be supplied - 8 kg of cobblestone and 1.5 kg per 1 m3 of steam room volume. In an hour, 5 people pour no more than 4 liters of hot water on the stones, so for 5 hours of continuous soaring they will spend even 20 liters (which is unlikely). Still, let's reduce the amount of water by 30%, taking into account pauses for ventilation and rest. It turns out that only 18.7 kg is needed. We will also calculate the number of stones for the bath, taking into account the volume of the steam room: 1.5 kg * 24.85 m3 = 37.5 kg. We summarize everything and get: 37.5 kg + 18.7 kg \u003d 53.2 kg of cobblestone. This is already an acceptable figure for an ordinary simple bath.
You can make a more complex calculation of stones for a bath, determining the required amount of heat by evaporation and heating ...
But. the purpose of this article is to determine the required power of the stove for the bath. Therefore, let's estimate how many kW are needed to heat 53.2 kg of stones for 15 minutes (the approximate time allotted for a pause between soaring) to a temperature of 500 degrees:
- 1 kg of stones from a temperature of 500 degrees, cooling down to 200 degrees (a difference of 350 degrees), will give 294 kJ (0.84 kJ / kg * C x 1 kg x 350 C).
- 53.2 kg will give 294 kJ * 53.2 kg = 15640.8 kJ. How much heat is given off during cooling, the same amount needs to be replenished.
- 1 kW=3600 kJ/h
- we translate kJ into kW, we get 4.35 kW per hour
- recalculate for 15 minutes: 4.35*4=17.40 kW
Conclusion: the furnace power of 20 kW will provide heating up to 500 degrees 53.2 kg of stones every 15 minutes. Let's add another 5 kW to the calculation of the power of the bath furnace to take into account heat losses through structures and cold surfaces.
So, for a steam room with dimensions of 3x2x2.2m, a 25 kW oven is needed, based on two different calculations:
- by volume of the steam room and cold surfaces
- by number of stones
With a lower consumption of supplied water, for example, when steaming not five people, but two, for not five hours, but only a couple of three, you can choose a stove with a lower power (20 kW).
Steam room dimensions
What should be the comfortable dimensions of the steam room?
Optimum steam room size
The dimensions of the steam room will depend primarily on your personal preferences, and then on the size and design of the shelves. In addition, the size of the bath will be affected by the power of the stove, since sitting too close to it is not very pleasant. The size of the oven is also important. However, with a shortage of space, you can use a mineralite screen, which will allow you to be even at a distance of 15-20 cm from the stove and not feel discomfort. And all due to the fact that this material does not heat up to more than 100-150 ° C.
But before buying a stove, you should pay attention to the functions that the steam room will perform. If we talk about approximate dimensions, then the ceiling height of the room should be about 2.2-2.4 m. But the width must be calculated depending on the expected number of seats in the steam room. It is better to make it in the form of a rectangle, not a square.
Simple rural or country baths consist of a steam bath and a dressing room. The stove is usually installed in the steam room, while the dressing room is heated by heat that passes through the adjacent wall with the doors open to the steam room. Often in the dressing room they put another stove for heating, usually a metal one - a “potbelly stove”.
To be able to take a steam bath lying down, shelves are installed in the steam room. The device of the shelf should be such that, if desired, it would be possible to sit on it. Thus, the height of the ceiling must ensure the comfort of placing people on the shelf.
More comfortable baths are built in such a way that several people can use them at the same time. Baths for the whole family usually consist of a steam room, dressing room, that is, a dressing room, and an entrance hall. The dimensions of the steam room should be such that there are shelves, retractable benches, a water tank, and an oven in the room. It is necessary that the width of the shelves be at least a meter. The distance from the shelf to the oven is also at least a meter. From the stove to the wall - about 50 cm. There should be free space in the room so that the person is comfortable here. In addition, it is necessary to allocate space for basins and buckets. Several shelves should be placed on the wall to put shampoos on them, put washcloths and other accessories.
Advice from the master!
It is not difficult to carry out the optimal calculation. In order to better imagine what dimensions the steam room should have, you can make a drawing on a piece of paper using a scale. Place the necessary items on the drawing of the steam room and see how comfortable the room is.
Steam room equipment
If we turn to history, we can see that the optimal size of the bath in Ancient Russia was quite large. After all, then it was customary to take a steam bath for 4 or more people. Old Russian families were very numerous, so the baths were built in such a way that everyone was comfortable. Sometimes it was necessary to repeatedly melt the furnace. Of course, the size of modern apartments impose significant restrictions on the installation of large baths. If the company is selected from more than 4 people, you can use the steam room at the health complex, where there is a lot of space. For arranging a personal bath, it is better to limit yourself to small dimensions.
The steam room must be maintained at a high temperature. Therefore, the distance of the shelf from the furnace must be calculated. In a Russian bath, a minimum warm-up is most often sufficient, such that the temperature is comfortable for the body. Staying in a sauna for a person is associated, as a rule, with stronger heating.
If you take the smallest size of the steam room, then you need to be aware of the possible dangers. In a small room, the visitor may overheat. The human body heats up not only from the heat of a red-hot furnace, but also from hot air. Therefore, if the size of the bath is too small, a person can even get burned. Excessively large sizes are fraught with overheating of the furnace, as a result of which the air will be too hot. And this is not good for human health. The dimensions of the bath must be calculated so that everything is balanced. 4 visitors or 6 are steaming - there should be neither excessive overheating nor unnecessary heat dissipation.
As for the height of the ceiling, if you raise it at least ten centimeters, the total volume of the premises immediately increases significantly. And this is associated with the cost of an additional portion of fuel. In addition, it will take longer to heat up. Therefore, based on 4 soaring, the most convenient ceiling height is given.
Advice from the master!
The steam room usually provides for the presence of three canopies. The width of the top shelf is the largest. In height, each canopy should be 30-35 centimeters. Then the dimensions of the shelf for each of the 4 soaring ones will be ideal.
Of course, each owner calculates the optimal dimensions of the bath individually. But keep in mind that one soaring should account for at least one square meter. If the area is 4 square meters, then it is easy to figure out how many people can use such a steam room. Russian banya is a great way to improve health. With regular visits to it, a person becomes more hardened, less sick.
