How to properly arrange a research paper
and prepare for the conference

How to arrange a project
The work on the topic has been completed, the material has been collected. Now you need to correctly design the project.
The first thing to do is carefully read the Terms or Conditions of the Conference in which you will be participating. Sometimes the organizers of the Conference clearly define how much work they want to see, in what font this work should be typed, at what interval, and so on…. If there are no special instructions, then be guided by the following:

Volume - ___ A pages, 4 portrait orientation
Font - Times New Roman
Point size (size) of the font - 12-14 for text, for tables and footnotes - 10-12
Interval - 1.5
Margins: left margin - 20 mm
Right margin - 20 mm
Top and bottom margins - 20 mm
Some sources recommend - left margin -30 mm, right-10 mm, top-20mm, bottom-20 mm. Therefore, it is so important to get acquainted with the requirements of the conference organizers.

Red string 1.25 cm
Automatic hyphenation.
The text is printed on one side of the page.
Alignment of text - in width, headings - in the center, they can be highlighted in "bold" font.
Drawings must be made at least 60x60 mm in size and no more than 110x170 mm in jpg, bmp format.
The numbering of references is continuous, the reference number is enclosed in brackets.
All pages of the work are numbered starting from the first sheet. On the first title page and the second (table of contents) numbers are not put! The numbers are written starting from the Introduction, that is, page number 3. The page number is placed at the bottom, in the center, in Arabic numerals.
Each chapter of the work begins on a new page. The distance between the title of the chapter and the following text should be equal to three spacing. The title of the chapter is centered, the full stop is not put at the end of the title.

Work structure

Title page
Table of contents
Introduction
Chapters of the main part
Conclusion
List of information sources
Project product
Applications

How to arrange a title page of a work

1. At the top center of the page, the full name of the conference is written and the city in which it is held is indicated (see Appendix No.)
2. Having made from 10 to 15 indents down, in the center, the type of work is indicated (abstract, research project ...) and the title of the topic is written with a capital letter without quotes and a period at the end.
3. In the lower right corner, aligning the text to the left, indicate:
- the name of the author of the work,
- a student of what class he is,
- the full name of the educational institution,
- section name
- surname, name, patronymic of the scientific advisor,
- position of scientific supervisor,
- the name of the settlement where the educational institution is located.
4. At the bottom of the page, in the center, the year of work is put.

EXAMPLE

How to arrange a table of contents
The table of contents should contain the titles of all project chapters, paragraphs and page numbers from which they begin.
The headings in the table of contents must exactly repeat the headings in the text. You can not shorten or give them in a different formulation, sequence compared to the headings of the text. All headings start with a capital letter, do not put a full stop at the end of the heading. The last word of each heading is connected by dots with the corresponding page number.

EXAMPLE

Introduction

The introduction is an important part of the entire work, since it contains in a concise form all the provisions, the substantiation of which is devoted to the work.
The introduction should consist of the following parts: substantiation of the topic, the purpose of the work, the task of the work, research methods, research hypothesis, the relevance of the project and practical significance.
The purpose of the research is the final desired result, the solution of a scientific problem, which should eventually be reached.
The following goals are most typical: determination of the characteristics of phenomena that have not been studied previously, little-studied, contradictory studies,
identifying the relationship of phenomena,
studying the dynamics of phenomena,
description of a new effect, phenomenon,
discovery of a new nature of phenomena,
generalization,
identification of general patterns,
creation of classifications, typologies, creation of a methodology, adaptation of methods.
Objectives should not be confused with objectives.
Research objectives are ways to achieve a set goal. Tasks can be aimed at identifying, analyzing, generalizing, substantiating, developing, individual components of a common problem. It should be remembered that the enumeration of tasks sets the plan and the internal logic of the text of the entire work.
For example, R&D: Partisan movement of the Ulyanovsk region (according to the memoirs of contemporaries).
Purpose of work: To show the history of partisan detachments on the Ulyanovsk land based on the memoirs of contemporaries.
Objectives: 1) to identify and generalize the literature related to partisan detachments in the Ulyanovsk region;
2) identify archival documents, letters, memoirs on the topic under consideration;
3) find participants, eyewitnesses of those events;
4) write down memories;
5) analyze, on the basis of published and unpublished memoirs, the history of partisan detachments in the Ulyanovsk region.
Research methods- the main ways in which the research is carried out.
Research hypothesis- an assumption in which, on the basis of a number of factors, a conclusion is made about the existence of an object, connection or cause of a phenomenon, and this conclusion cannot be considered completely proven.
Relevance of the project- this is an explanation of why you turned to this topic, what is the scientific and practical need for this.
The practical significance of the work:
The practical significance is determined by the influence of the received recommendations, proposals on the solution of practical issues.
Theoretical significance - which area of ​​science can be influenced by the obtained theoretical conclusions, what are the prospects for applied work.

The main part of the work
In terms of volume, it should make up 70% of all work and correspond to the table of contents.
In the main part of the work, the research itself is described in detail, the results are summed up, the results are analyzed.
The text is divided into large (chapters) and small (paragraphs) parts. Chapters and paragraphs are titled so that the title exactly matches the content of the text, but should not contain unnecessary words.
Chapters and paragraphs are numbered in Roman and Arabic numerals.
For example,
Chapter 1. The benefits of citrus fruits
1.1. ...........
1.2. ...........
1.3. Output...........
Remember that each chapter must end with a conclusion. The presence of conclusions is of great importance in evaluating the work.

Conclusion
The smallest part in volume, but of particular importance, since this is where the final results of the study should be presented. Here it is necessary to bring together all the conclusions in the work, to correlate the findings with the goals and objectives, to show how the goals and objectives were achieved, to note the practical significance of the research, to outline the problems and tasks for the future. If necessary, thank those who provided assistance in the work.

List of sources of information and literature
The list is arranged as follows:
Sources of
1) unpublished
Natural History Museum. The main fund, inv. No. 125.
2) published
Citrus selection. Collection of documents / Compiled by I.P. Avanov, 1998
Literature
The list of references should be placed in alphabetical order, by the author's surname.
The surname, initials of the name and patronymic, the title of the book without quotation marks, the city of publication (optional), the name of the printing house, the year of publication, number of pages are indicated. Literature in the original language is indicated after the Russian-language sources and is subject to the same description rules. For example:
1. Akimov N.V. Ancient world history. M .: Ario, 1985, 80 p.
2. Boldyrev N.N. Cognitive semantics. Lecture course. - Tambov, 2001.
3. J. Murray The Oxford English Dictionary. - Oxford, 1989

Project product
The result of the work on the project should be the "product of the project", for which this research was carried out.
What could it be? Grown lemon tree (cactus ... on the topic of work), website, layout, albums, brochures with math problems and interesting facts,…. on the research topic.
The product of the project is presented to the jury members. Details ....

Applications
The application contains materials of work (diagrams, pictures, diagrams, photographs) that clutter up the text. Applications for work must be annotated. Make the necessary captions for drawings, diagrams, photographs, etc.
Each application should be placed on a separate sheet. On the sheet we write the word "Appendix No. 1", "Appendix No. 2"
If more than one material is used in an application, a list of applications can be made.
In the text of the work, references to applications are allowed if it is necessary to illustrate this or that material. Links are formatted as follows: (see Appendix No. 1).
The more applications, the more informative the project.
When writing a work, avoid presentation from your (first) person (me, in my work), use the phrases “in this study, in this work, the author came to a conclusion, we draw a conclusion, in the conclusion it is necessary / should be noted, etc. ".

Cardinal numbers written in numbers if they are ambiguous and in words if they are unambiguous.
Ordinals are written in numbers if they appear after a noun.
Dates are written in numbers (1941; 1941-1945; 1940s).
Centuries are written in Roman numerals: XVIII century.
Abbreviations: city - city, year, years. - year (s), c. - century, centuries. - centuries.

Check the text of the work from the point of view of lexical and stylistic literacy of presentation, remove repetitions, solemnity, pathos, emotionality.
Check the reference books and encyclopedias for historical dates and facts mentioned in the text, surnames, names and patronymics, dates of life of individuals, etc.
When quoting individual statements, different points of view, memories, it is necessary to correctly formulate references to

Project activities of schoolchildren

What is an educational project for a student and for a teacher

The project activity of schoolchildren is a cognitive, educational, research and creative activity, as a result of which a solution to a problem appears, which is presented in the form of a project.
For a student, a project is an opportunity to maximize his creative potential. This is an activity that allows you to express yourself individually or in a group, try your hand, apply your knowledge, be useful, show publicly the achieved result. This is an activity aimed at solving an interesting problem formulated by the students themselves. The result of this activity - the found way to solve the problem - is of a practical nature and is significant for the discoverers themselves.
And for a teacher, a curriculum project is an integrative didactic means of development, teaching and upbringing, which allows you to develop and develop specific skills and design skills: problematization, goal-setting, activity planning, reflection and introspection, presentation and self-presentation, as well as information search, practical application of academic knowledge, self-study, research and creative activity.

Design and research work at school is a new, innovative method that combines the educational and cognitive component, play, scientific and creative. The main difference between such activities for elementary school is that students, first of all, receive the first research skills, due to which the specific qualities of a special mindset develop.

Organization of project activities

When organizing project activities in elementary school, the teacher must take into account the following aspects:

1. The project assignment must correspond to the age and level of development of the student.
2. Problems of future projects should be taken into account, which should be in the area of ​​interests of students.
3. Conditions must be created for the successful execution of projects (availability of materials, data, multimedia).
4. Before giving students a project task, you should first prepare for such activities.
5. Lead projects, help and advise students.
6. To work out with schoolchildren the methods of project activity, while improving general educational skills.
7. When choosing a project topic - not to impose information, but to interest, motivating them to search on their own.
8. Discuss with students the choice of sources of information: library, reference books, the Internet, periodicals, etc.
9. In the process of preparing for project activities, it is advisable to organize joint excursions, walks, observations, experiments, actions for students.

Types of projects

Research projects. Schoolchildren conduct experiments, study some area, and then draw up the results obtained in the form of wall newspapers, booklets or computer presentations. Such research projects have a positive effect on the student's professional self-determination, and can also become the basis for future coursework, diploma theses in student years.
Game projects. They are presented in the form of games and performances, where, playing the roles of some heroes, students offer their own solutions to the problems being studied.
Information projects. Students collect and analyze information on a topic, presenting it in the form of a magazine, newspaper, almanac.
Creative projects. There is a huge scope for imagination: the project can be performed in the form of an extracurricular activity, an action for the protection of the environment, a video film and much more. There is no limit to imagination.

Choosing a theme and setting the goal of the project

The choice of project topics can be based on in-depth study of any educational material in order to expand knowledge, interest children in studying the subject, and improve the learning process.
The project must necessarily have a clear, realistically achievable goal. In the most general sense, the goal of a project is always to solve the original problem, but in each specific case, this solution has its own unique solution and implementation. This embodiment is the project product, which is created by the author in the course of his work and also becomes a means of solving the project problem.

Stages of work on a project

180 - 140 points - "excellent";
135 - 100 points - "good";
95 - 65 points - "satisfactory";
less than 65 points - "unsatisfactory".

General view and structure of the explanatory note of the project

Title page.
Table of contents (content).
Introduction.
Chapters of the main part.
Conclusion.
Bibliography.
Application.

Structural elements of the explanatory note.

Title page

The title page is the first page of the explanatory note and is filled in according to certain rules.
The upper field contains the full name of the educational institution. On average, the name of the project is given without the word "subject" and quotation marks. It should be as short and precise as possible - consistent with the main content of the project. If it is necessary to concretize the title of the work, then you can give a subtitle, which should be as short as possible and not turn into a new title. Next, the surname, name, school number and class of the designer (in the nominative case) are indicated. Then the surname and initials of the project manager.
The lower field indicates the place and year of the work (without the word "year").

The title page is followed by a table of contents, which contains all the headings of the explanatory note and indicates the pages on which they are located. It is impossible to shorten them or give them in a different formulation, sequence and subordination. All blanks are written with a capital letter and without a dot at the end. The last word of each heading is connected by a dot with the corresponding page number in the right column of the table of contents.

Introduction to work

It substantiates the relevance of the chosen topic, the purpose and content of the tasks, the planned result and the main problems considered in the project are formulated, interdisciplinary connections are indicated, it is reported to whom the project is intended and what is its novelty. The introduction also describes the main sources of information (official, scientific, literary, bibliographic). It is advisable to list the equipment and materials used in the course of the project.

Chapters of the main part

The next is the formulation of the goal, and the specific tasks to be solved in accordance with it.

The first chapter of the project examines the proposed methodology and technique for its implementation, provides a brief overview of the literature and other materials on the topic.

In the next chapter (search), it is necessary to develop a bank of ideas and proposals for solving the problem considered in the project.

In the technological part of the project, it is necessary to develop a sequence for the implementation of the object. It may include a list of stages, a technological map, which describes the algorithm of operations with an indication of tools, materials and processing methods.

Next, you need to consider the economic and environmental assessment of the project. In the economic part, a complete calculation of the costs of manufacturing the designed product is presented. Further advertising of the project and marketing research. Particular attention should be paid to the environmental assessment of the project: substantiation of the fact that the manufacture and operation of the designed product will not entail changes in the environment, disruptions in human life.

Conclusion

In the conclusion of the project, the results obtained are presented, their relationship with the general goal and specific tasks formulated in the Introduction is determined, students' self-assessment of the work done by them is given.

Bibliography

A list of used literature is placed after the Conclusion. All borrowings must necessarily have subscripts where the materials are taken from.

Applications

Auxiliary or additional materials that clutter up the main part of the work are placed in the annexes. The application contains tables, text, graphs, maps, pictures. Each appendix must begin with a new sheet (page) with the word "Attachment" indicated in the upper right corner and have a thematic heading. If there is more than one application in the work, they are numbered with Arabic numerals (without the number sign), for example: "Appendix 1", "Appendix 2", etc. The numbering of the pages on which the appendices are given should be continuous and continue the general numbering of the main text. Through it, applications are carried out through links that are used with the word "look" (see), enclosed together with the cipher in parentheses ..

The design of the project is carried out according to certain rules. Separately, it is necessary to pay attention to the title page, since it, by right, can be considered any creative or project work. How is the title page of the project carried out? Let's try to find the answer to this question.

Front page requirements

First you need to choose the font size. Depending on the purpose of the project, its type, there may be some differences in the font size. The main font used is Times New Roman with size 16. The main text is centered on the page. The design rules for the project assume the placement of the full name of the educational institution (organization). The important point is setting the margins on the page. Depending on the requirements for a specific project, the size of the fields can be selected automatically, as well as manually configured.

Criteria

The classical option is considered to be the upper and lower parameters of twenty mm, the indent on the right side is fifteen millimeters, on the left - thirty mm. The enlargement on the left is necessary so that the submitted work can be attached to the binder.

Then the cursor is positioned in the middle of the page, the font size changes from 16 to 24. The author indicates creative, scientific, abstract. The next line indicates the name of the work without quotes and periods, 28 font size is used.

After stepping back about six lines to the bottom of the page, you need to enter information about the author of the work, as well as about his supervisor.

The last line of the title page is reserved for indicating the year of work. This is a classic project design. A sample title page is shown in the photo.

Depending on the rules that are established by the educational institution or the organizer of the conference (competition), some nuances in the design of the title page are allowed.

Headers in the project

Requirements for the design of the project involve writing headings in bold. It is printed with a capital letter, at the end of the sentence, a full stop is not put. Note that word wrapping is not allowed in the headings of individual chapters of the project work. You need to indent by two intervals between the main text and the section title.

Designing a creative project involves writing each chapter on a new page. The chapters are numbered in Arabic numerals, and paragraphs are indicated by double numbering. If they have additional paragraphs, triple Arabic numerals are used.

Using design abbreviations

The design of the project involves the use of abbreviations only in exceptional cases. For example, you can use them when specifying a literary source that the author refers to in his project. When using information about co-authors, first indicate their initials, then write the person's surname.

The design of the project allows the use of economic and mathematical formulas, but they must have a decoding for each symbol.

Application design specifics

The rules developed for creative projects allow the use of sketches, diagrams, graphs, photographs, drawings at the end of the project. First, the literary list is indicated, after which the appendices are placed on separate sheets. Each of them must have a name. In the upper right corner indicate the number (for example, Appendix 1), then its name.

Pagination

Accompanied by an indication of the number of each sheet. They do not put it on the first sheet, so the numbering comes from the table of contents. The classic option is the location of the number in the center at the bottom of the page.

There should not be any additional decorations: frames, changes in fonts, underlines, different colors in the design of the project work. Authors are often mistaken in this requirement.

Features of the school project

An example of project design is given below, first we will dwell on some of the features of school creative work. Its structure uses the same requirements as for scientific and design adult work. On the main sheet, indicate the name of the school, as well as information about the teacher-consultant, under whose supervision the project was made. The main text contains references to literary sources. The project allows the use of five applications, which are indicated at the end of the project, numbered, have names.

An example of a table of contents

1. Introduction. P. 3-4

2. Types of engines used in modern vehicles.

2.1 Characteristics of the gasoline engine. P. 4

2.1.1 Composition of exhaust gases. P. 5

2.1.2 Influence of waste gases (СО / СН) on ecology and human health. P. 5

2.2. Characteristics of the electric motor. P. 5-6

2.2.1 The advantages of the electric motor. P. 6

2.2.2 Environmental characteristics of the electric motor. P. 6-7

3. Experimental part of the work. P. 7-10

4. Conclusion.

4.1 Conclusions on the research problem. P. 10-11

5. Bibliographic list. P. 12

6. Applications.

Appendix 6.1. The appearance of a gasoline engine. P. 13

Appendix 2. External view of the electric motor. P. fourteen

Example of project theses

In addition to the design work itself, it is important to correctly highlight its main content using theses. Depending on the purpose of the project, there are also certain requirements for the theses. We offer a version of theses for the school project.

Let's demonstrate a variant of work on the topic: "The influence of temperament on the choice of a profession in adolescence." All information about the author must be indicated on the title:

• last name, first name and patronymic, address, position, place of study, electronic contacts;
• similarly, the data on the scientific supervisor are concretized;
• do not forget that the organization is published on the main page of the project, where its demonstration or protection will take place.

It is imperative to demonstrate the relevance of the work. Using the given topic as an example, it can be clarified that the problem of professional self-determination is relevant in the modern school. Many children want to get demanded specialties, regardless of their interest in them, inclinations and abilities. Children get the desired profession, but they cannot succeed in it, realize their talents. Therefore, an important part of the profile training of students is the timely diagnosis of their inclinations, personal qualities, abilities and interests. She will help the children make the right choice of their future profession.

The final is also spoken out. Alternatively, it can be formalized as follows: "Research of the relationship between temperament and choice of profession among school students."

The tasks of the work are prescribed separately:

Study the history of the doctrine of types of temperament;

Get acquainted with the methods of studying the types of temperament;

Reveal and substantiate the influence of temperament on professional choice;

Study the types of temperament in students;

To establish the relationship between a certain type of student's temperament and the professions they choose, types of professional activity;

Inform the school psychologist, class teacher, teachers and parents about the results obtained.

Theoretical analysis of psychological, methodological and special literature, observation, individual testing of the participants in the experiment, statistical and comparative analysis of the data obtained refer to the methods of performing the work.

It is imperative to highlight the main results of the work that will demonstrate its result. The wording may look like a comparative analysis of testing, which showed a single relationship between the type of temperament and a tendency to certain professional directions. This is especially important if the author was able to prove that the type of temperament in adolescence has a significant impact on the choice of a future profession.

The conclusion and possible development paths are the final part of the entire project. This section is used to write off the result of the experiment. In our example, it sounds like evidence that, having an idea of ​​the sphere of one's inclinations and interests, in adolescence, one can make the right choice of a future specialty. This will avoid disappointments in adulthood. The diagnostic options proposed by the author will help teachers and parents identify the professional areas of schoolchildren, together make a choice of their future specialty.

Stages of work on a project

In addition to certain requirements for the design of the project, there is an algorithm for the activity itself. First, you need to decide on a topic that will be of interest not only to the author himself, but also to the reviewers. Next, the main goal of the project is set, its tasks are determined.

At the next stage, it is supposed to review the literature on the problem that will be considered in the project. The hardest part of a creative project is the experimental one. The author, having analyzed the existing information on the topic, offers his calculations, drawings, drawings.

An important stage in the preparation of any project is the formulation of conclusions, analysis of the feasibility of introducing the results obtained into practice.

The project is accompanied by a list of references, the design rules for which were presented above. For technical work, various drawings and diagrams will act as numbered applications, and for a creative project, you can use colorful photographs, drawings, layouts.

PREPARATION

RESEARCH (CREATIVE) PROJECT

IN THE ELEMENTARY CLASSES

TYUMEN, 2015

STRUCTURE OF THE RESEARCH WORK, GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CONTENT

The research work includes the following main elements:

· Title page;

· Introduction;

· Main part;

· Conclusion;

· Bibliography;

· Applications.

I. Title page

The title page contains: the full name of the educational institution, the phrase - "RESEARCH PROJECT" or "CREATIVE PROJECT", the title of the topic, the full name of the performer, the full name of the project manager, the name of the city in which the educational institution is located, year.

See Attachment.

III. Introduction

In the introduction of the research work, a brief description of the topic under study is given. It is necessary to justify relevance. It is necessary to highlight such concepts as: object and subject of research, designate goal, formulate tasks to be decided, justified problem and hypothesis research, pick up methods research.

Object of study - is a process or phenomenon that exists independently of the researcher and gives rise to a problem situation. By defining an object, we are looking for an answer to the question "What are we considering?"

Subject of study - it is a part, a side of an object, its specific characteristics.

For example:

Object: cooking

Subject: Napoleon cake

Purpose of the study -(always one) should contain an idea of ​​the expected result. As a rule, the formulation of the goal begins with the verbs: "to find out", "to reveal", "to form", "to justify", "to conduct", "to learn", "to find", "to fulfill". The goal is understood as the final, scientific and practical results that should be achieved as a result of its implementation.

Research objectives- (always several 3-6) these are certain stages in achieving the goal. The wording of the tasks should correspond to the content of the chapters of the project work. The formulation of tasks begins with the verb: "analyze" (literature), "study", "consider", "execute", "conduct" (questionnaire, holiday, exhibition).

Research hypothesis- This is a detailed assumption, setting out in detail the technology of that innovation, as a result of which the achievement of the research goal is expected. There may be several hypotheses, some of them will be confirmed, but some will not.

Options for formulating hypotheses:

If we apply * and *, we get *.

The most important indicators * are *.

Feature * is *.

We believe that if * execute *, then * will happen.

Research methods:
1. observation- perception of the phenomena of reality.
2. experiment- testing of the studied characteristics
(buoyancy, volatility, frost resistance, ...)
3. analysis- division into component parts and drawing up conclusions. (literature, questionnaire, survey)

4 .forecasting

5. generalization

6. description

ATTENTION!!! When writing CREATIVE PROJECT in the INTRODUCTION, it is only necessary to indicate relevance, purpose, objectives. (see below for section titles for creative projects).

IV. Main part

In the main part, it is necessary to reflect and disclose all the points of the drawn up plan (according to the content). It is necessary to prove the reliability of the results using calculations, examples of solutions, device models (with a detailed description), links to literary sources. Each section of the main body should begin with a statement of the problem and end with short conclusions. The main part may include drawings. schemas, tables, etc.

V. Conclusion

The Conclusion is a brief overview of the research performed. In it, the author again touches upon the relevance, assesses the effectiveness of the chosen approach to achieving the goal. It is not necessary to summarize the micro-conclusions from the chapters, but to analyze all the work done. New facts and judgments are excluded in the conclusion.

Vi. Bibliography

It is arranged in alphabetical order (by the name of the author), the city, publisher, year of publication of the book are indicated. An additional list indicates Internet resources. (Application)

Vii. Applications

Appendices include materials (questionnaires, diagrams, graphs, drawings, experimental results) that are necessary for the author of the work to prove his research and conclusions.

REGISTRATION OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT

I. General requirements

The text of the work, as a rule, is 10-20 pages of printed text. For typing, you must use the Microsoft Word editor for Windows. Line spacing is one and a half. The text and other printed and inscribed elements of the work must be black, the outlines of letters and signs must be clear.

Pages should have margins: top, bottom, right - 2 cm, left - 3 cm. Text alignment to the width of the page. The font size is 14. The text is printed on one side of the sheet.

The first page is the title page, the second is the content - they are not numbered. The page numbering is put down from the introduction and the number is put down - "3" and so on. The serial number of the page is affixed in the upper right corner.

Headings of chapters and their paragraphs are formatted from the beginning and from the middle of the line (possibly bold text).

Formulas (if it is not possible to print them) are written legibly in the text in black.

Tables, figures, diagrams, drawings, graphs, photographs, both in the text of the research work and in the appendices, must be made on standard sheets A, signatures and explanations for photographs and figures must be on the front side. A photograph, a drawing, ... is signed by the name of I.I. the one who took the photo or drawing, the date of completion (font can be 12). If there are abbreviations in the table, scheme, then they must be explained, deciphered below.

Before the table, diagram, graph, drawing - their name is written down.

If a quotation from a literary source or an Internet resource is used in the text, it is necessary to indicate in square brackets the number of the source according to the list of references. The list of references includes all the literary sources used in the work (monographs, textbooks, reference books, etc.), which are advisable to arrange in alphabetical order, Internet resources are written down in the list below.

It is not recommended to write in the first person singular: “I think”, “I think”, “in my opinion” and so on. The use of the pronoun "we" is more correct, since not only the student, but also the project leader worked on the study.

In the work, the unity of the style of presentation must be observed, spelling, syntactic literacy must be ensured in accordance with the norms of the modern Russian language.

The title should be as short as possible, precise and consistent with the main content of the work.

Similar information.

Rules for the execution of an individual assignment (project)

1. Goals and objectives of the project:

systematization, expansion and consolidation of theoretical knowledge of the student in the special course;

developing the skills of independent analytical and research work necessary for practical activity, mastering the methodology for their implementation.

2. General guidelines for the design of the project.

2.1. It is advisable to print the text of the work on one side of separate standard foxes of A-4 format, 210 x297mm. Left margin - 3 cm, top and bottom - 2 cm, right - 1.5 cm. The distance between lines is 1.5 spacing. Font: TimesNewRoman. Font size: 12. Pages should be numbered. It is customary to start each section of the work on a new page.

2.2. Sources are indicated for all quotes and figures given in the text of the test. The reference to the source used in the work can be both end-to-end (example No. 1) and in the text of the work (example No. 2). In the second case, the link is placed at the end of the citation or statistics in the form of square brackets, which indicate the ordinal number of the source in the list of references, and then the page number in this source.

Example # 1

“In the 60s, the gross public debt of developed countries averaged 45%, and in the 80s - over 70%” 1.

Example No. 2

“In the 60s, the gross public debt of developed countries averaged 45%, and in the 80s - over 70%”

Ambiguities in the text should be avoided such as “ present time inflation rate in the US 2% ... "," in past years China's growth rate was 5% ... ”and so on. The world economy is developing dynamically, therefore, the phrase taken out of the context of the original source, which was published, for example, in 1995 without specifying the chronological period, distorts the idea of ​​the state of affairs in the modern world economy, i.e. the world economy in 2008-2011.

2.3. Each table or chart is numbered consecutively and must be provided with a heading. More practical are tables, diagrams, etc. take out to applications.

2.4. The total volume of the main text (without the title page, table of contents and attachments) should be up to 6-8 typewritten pages (30 lines per page and 70 characters per line). The completed project is defended at a seminar and is an admission to the exam.

3. The structure and content of the project:

Title page

Introduction

Main part

Conclusion

Bibliography

Applications.

4. A summary of the individual sections of the project.

4.1. On the title page (see appendix) it is indicated: the name of the educational institution, the name of the subject, the student's grade book number, the title of the topic, the last name, the name and patronymic of the student (s) in full.

4.3. In the introduction, the main goals and objectives of the work are formulated, and the characteristics of the information base on which the work is performed are given. It is advisable to evaluate the accessibility of the presentation, cognition, illustrativeness, controversy, and the reliability of the primary sources used. The volume of the introduction is up to 1 page.

4.4. The sections of the main part contain theoretical material, consider the points of view of international experts, provide comments on the studied phenomena of the world economy, analyze the problems of the world economy and international economic relations, and offer possible solutions. The author can join (with appropriate justification) to the most rational and progressive, in his opinion, point of view, or he can develop his own, original position or put and substantiate new directions of research on the problem under study.

The student should pay special attention to the logical sequence and simplicity of presentation, clarity and harmony of formulations.

4.5. The conclusion is a generalization of the study as a whole, reflects the conclusions and, if possible, the proposals and recommendations of the author.

4.6. The list of used literature should be drawn up in accordance with bibliographic requirements.

Lomakin V.K. World economy. Textbook for universities. - 2nd ed., Rev. and add. - M.: UNITY-DANA, 2001. - 735 p.

By articles of magazines and newspapers indicate: author (surname, then initials), title of the article, title of the journal, year of publication, number of the journal, pages (for newspapers - the name of the newspaper, year, day of the month). For example:

Gavrilov V. Mutual debts of developed and developing countries // Problems of Economics. - 2003. - No. 7. - S. 151-154 .;

Prokhorov V. Development of small business // Economy and life. - 1996. - No. 34. - S. 1-3.

When preparing a project, it is allowed to use the information base of the network Internet and other electronic sources. The material must have an appropriate copyright (copyright mark). The full name of the page should be reproduced, indicating the title of the material, author, publication period. For example:

E.A. Parshakov Economic development of society (Concept of cooperative socialism). Historical research. // Librarian.Ru (Librarian Tochka Ru) is an electronic library of non-fiction literature on Russian and world history, art, culture, and applied sciences. - http: // bibliotekar. ru / biznes-9 / index.htm

The abstract must be bound and submitted for review on the day of the oral presentation of the project with a prepared presentation. The procedure for defending an abstract includes an oral presentation of the results followed by a group discussion, answers to the teacher's questions.

1 Lomakin V.K. World economy: Textbook for universities. - 2nd ed., M .: UNITI-DANA, 2001., S. 172.