Estimate for work - sample, form and example of compilation. Estimate for construction work Estimate for cosmetic repairs of the premises sample

1. General Provisions

1.1. This Personal Data Processing Policy (hereinafter referred to as the Policy) was developed in accordance with the requirements of Federal Law No. 152-FZ "On Personal Data" dated July 27, 2006, as well as other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation in the field of protection and processing of personal data and applies to all personal data that Stroy-Legko LLC (hereinafter referred to as the “Operator”) may receive from a personal data subject who intends to conclude a civil law contract with the Operator, as well as from a personal data subject who is in a relationship with the Operator, regulated by labor law.

1.2. The operator ensures the protection of processed personal data from unauthorized access and disclosure, misuse or loss in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Law of July 27, 2006 No. 152-FZ "On Personal Data".

1.3. The meaning of the terms and definitions used in this Policy, namely: "personal data", "processing of personal data", "automated processing of personal data", "dissemination of personal data", "provision of personal data", "blocking of personal data", " destruction of personal data", "information system of personal data", - corresponds to the terminology given in Article 3 of the Federal Law No. 152-FZ "On Personal Data" dated July 27, 2006.

The Internet is a set of interconnected international data transmission networks based on the use of the TCP/IP protocol suite and using a single address space.

Site - information (a system of web pages) posted on the Internet information and telecommunications network at certain network addresses (URLs).

User - a user of the Internet, including the Site.

Operator - Limited Liability Company "STROY-LEGKO" (TIN: 7708281231, legal address: Moscow, Talalikhina street, building 41, building 14), which organizes the processing of personal data in the manner and on the conditions provided for in this Policy, including determining purposes of processing personal data to be processed, and actions (operations) performed with personal data.

2. Processing of personal data

2.1. Principles of personal data processing

2.1.1. The processing of personal data is limited to the achievement of specific, predetermined and legitimate purposes. It is not allowed to process personal data that is incompatible with the purposes of collecting personal data.

2.1.2. It is not allowed to combine databases containing personal data, the processing of which is carried out for purposes that are incompatible with each other.

2.1.3. Only personal data that meet the purposes of their processing are subject to processing.

2.1.5. When processing personal data, the accuracy of personal data, their sufficiency, and, if necessary, their relevance in relation to the purposes of processing personal data, must be ensured. The operator must take the necessary measures or ensure that they are taken to remove or clarify incomplete or inaccurate data.

2.1.6. The storage of personal data should be carried out in a form that allows determining the subject of personal data, no longer than required by the purposes of processing personal data, unless the period for storing personal data is established by federal law or an agreement to which the subject of personal data is a party. The processed personal data is subject to destruction or depersonalization upon reaching the goals of processing or in case of loss of the need to achieve these goals, unless otherwise provided by federal law.

2.2. Conditions for the processing of personal data

2.2.1. The processing of personal data must be carried out in compliance with the principles and rules provided for in this Policy, and is allowed in the following cases:

1) the processing of personal data is carried out with the consent of the subject of personal data to the processing of his personal data;

2) the processing of personal data is necessary for the execution of an agreement to which the subject of personal data is a party, as well as for the conclusion of an agreement on the initiative of the subject of personal data (including the Site User);

3) the processing of personal data is necessary to exercise the rights and legitimate interests of the operator or third parties, or to achieve socially significant goals, provided that the rights and freedoms of the subject of personal data are not violated;

4) processing of personal data is carried out, access of an unlimited number of persons to which is provided by the subject of personal data or at his request (personal data made public by the subject of personal data);

5) processing of personal data subject to publication or mandatory disclosure in accordance with federal law is carried out.

2.2.2. The operator has the right to entrust the processing of personal data to another person with the consent of the subject of personal data, on the basis of an agreement concluded with this person. A person who processes personal data on behalf of the operator is obliged to comply with the principles and rules for the processing of personal data provided for by this Federal Law. The person who processes personal data on behalf of the operator is not required to obtain the consent of the subject of personal data to the processing of his personal data. If the Operator entrusts the processing of personal data to another person, the Operator shall be liable to the subject of personal data for the actions of the said person. The person who processes personal data on behalf of the Operator is liable to the Operator.

2.3. Receiving personal data. The procedure for processing personal data.

2.3.1. All personal data is obtained by the operator directly from the subject of personal data. In the case when personal data is provided on the Site, it is presumed that the subject of personal data is the User of the Site. If the personal data of the subject can only be obtained from a third party, then the subject must be notified of this or consent must be obtained from him.

2.3.2. The operator must inform the subject of the purposes, intended sources and methods of obtaining personal data, the nature of the personal data to be obtained, the list of actions with personal data, the period during which consent to the processing of personal data is valid, and the procedure for its withdrawal.

2.3.3. Documents containing personal data are created by:

- copying the original documents of the subject of personal data;

- entering information into accounting forms;

– obtaining the originals of the required documents;

– filling out special forms on the Site.

2.3.4. Purposes of personal data processing:

– labor relations between the subject of personal data and the Operator; – civil legal relations between the subject of personal data and the Operator.

- individuals who are in an employment relationship with the Operator, plan to conclude an employment contract or terminate the employment contract with the operator;

– individuals who are in civil law relations with the Operator or plan to conclude a civil law contract.

2.3.6 The processing of personal data is carried out:

- using automation tools;

– without the use of automation tools.

2.4. Storage of personal data.

2.4.1. Personal data of subjects can be obtained, further processed and transferred to storage both on paper and in electronic form.

2.4.2. Personal data recorded on paper are stored in locked cabinets or in locked rooms with limited access rights.

2.4.3. Personal data of subjects processed using automation tools for different purposes are stored in different folders.

2.4.4. The storage of personal data in a form that allows identifying the subject of personal data is carried out no longer than required by the purposes of their processing, and they are subject to destruction upon achievement of the purposes of processing or in case of loss of the need to achieve them.

2.5. Destruction of personal data

2.5.1. Destruction of documents (carriers) containing personal data is carried out by using a shredder (for paper carriers), or erasing or formatting the carrier (for electronic carriers).

2.5.2. The fact of destruction of personal data is documented by an act on the destruction of media.

2.6. Transfer of personal data

2.6.1. The operator transfers personal data to third parties only in the following cases:

- the subject has expressed his consent to such actions;

- the transfer is provided for by Russian or other applicable legislation within the framework of the procedure established by law.

2.6.2. List of persons to whom personal data is transferred:

– State off-budget funds;

– tax authorities of the Russian Federation;

– banks for payroll (on the basis of an agreement);

— other third parties (on the basis of an agreement and subject to the consent of the personal data subject to the transfer of personal data);

- law enforcement agencies in cases established by law.

3. Protection of personal data

3.1. The operator has created a personal data protection system, consisting of legal, organizational and technical protection.

3.2. Legal protection is a set of legal, organizational, administrative and regulatory documents that ensure the creation, operation and improvement of the personal data protection system.

3.3. Organizational protection includes the organization of the management structure of the personal data protection system, information protection when working with employees, partners and third parties.

3.4. The technical protection subsystem includes a set of technical, software, software and hardware tools that ensure the protection of personal data.

3.5. The main personal data protection measures used by the Operator are:

3.5.1. Appointment of a person responsible for the processing of personal data, who organizes the processing of personal data, training and instruction, internal control over compliance by the institution and its employees with the requirements for the protection of personal data.

3.5.2. Identification of actual threats to the security of personal data during their processing and development of measures and measures to protect personal data.

3.5.3. Establishing rules for access to personal data, as well as ensuring the registration and accounting of all actions performed with personal data.

3.5.4. Establishment of individual passwords for employees to access the information system in accordance with their production duties.

3.5.5. The use of information security tools that have passed the conformity assessment procedure in the prescribed manner.

3.5.6. Certified anti-virus software with regularly updated databases.

3.5.7. Compliance with the conditions that ensure the safety of personal data and exclude unauthorized access to them.

3.5.8. Taking measures to protect against unauthorized access to personal data.

3.5.9. Training of the Operator's employees directly involved in the processing of personal data on the provisions of the legislation of the Russian Federation on personal data, including the requirements for the protection of personal data, documents defining the Operator's policy regarding the processing of personal data, local acts on the processing of personal data.

3.5.10. Implementation of internal control and audit.

4. Basic rights of the subject of personal data and obligations of the Operator

4.1. Basic rights of the subject of personal data.

The subject of personal data has the right to access his personal data and the following information:

– confirmation of the fact of processing personal data by the Operator;

– legal grounds and purposes for the processing of personal data;

- the purposes and methods used by the Operator for processing personal data;

- the name and location of the Operator, information about persons (excluding employees of the Operator) who have access to personal data or to whom personal data may be disclosed on the basis of an agreement with the Operator or on the basis of federal law;

- terms of processing personal data, including the terms of their storage;

- the procedure for the exercise by the subject of personal data of the rights provided for by the current legislation;

- the name or surname, name, patronymic and address of the person who processes personal data on behalf of the Operator, if the processing is or will be entrusted to such a person;

– contacting the Operator and sending requests to him;

– appeal against the actions or inaction of the Operator.

4.2. Obligations of the Operator.

The operator is obliged:

– when collecting personal data, provide information on the processing of personal data;

- in cases where personal data was not obtained from the subject of personal data, notify the subject;

- in case of refusal to provide personal data, explain to the subject of personal data the consequences of such refusal;

- publish this Policy on their information resources on the Internet on the Site, providing unlimited access to it for all users;

- take the necessary legal, organizational and technical measures or ensure their adoption to protect personal data from unauthorized or accidental access to them, destruction, modification, blocking, copying, provision, distribution of personal data, as well as from other illegal actions in relation to personal data;

- provide answers to requests and appeals of personal data subjects, their representatives and the authorized body for the protection of the rights of personal data subjects.

Formation of estimates for construction and finishing works is a necessary part of the execution of the contract for the construction and repair of various kinds of objects.

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In what cases is a document drawn up

An estimate for construction and finishing works can be drawn up in addition to the contract both between legal entities and individual entrepreneurs, and between individuals.
Construction and repair facilities can also be very different:

• private houses and apartments;
• buildings and structures owned by commercial organizations or government agencies;
• separate rooms or whole complexes of buildings, etc.

What is the document for?

An estimate is a preliminary calculation of the cost of building materials and services.

This document is necessary so that the customer under the contract has a clear idea of ​​what repair and construction costs he will face.

In some estimates, in addition to scheduling the actual costs, the period of carrying out certain works is also included. After drawing up and endorsement, the document allows the customer to better control the work performed.

If we consider the role of the estimate from the point of view of accounting, then it is also quite obvious: it is on its basis that in most cases the cost of materials, construction and installation and repair work is written off.

More precisely, the write-off occurs after the signing by the customer and the contractor of the primary accounting document: the act of work performed, but the estimate confirms the accuracy of the cost of work and materials prescribed in it.
The more carefully and detailed the estimate is, the less likely it is that in the process of work between the customer and the contractor there will be any disagreements and controversial points.

Is it permissible to violate the figures indicated in the estimate

A feature of the document is the guarantee that the prices indicated in it will remain unchanged.

Since the estimate is usually preliminary, during the actual execution of the work (especially if they are of a long-term nature), some prices may change significantly.
Also, the amount of materials used may require adjustment.

Usually, such an opportunity is prescribed in the contract or the estimate itself (for example, that prices can be increased by 10%, etc.).

If there is no such item in the estimate, then all changes must be agreed between the customer and the contractor in the process of executing the contract, and if the customer does not mind, the estimate can be edited.

In situations where the customer does not agree to an increase in the cost of work declared in the estimate, the contractor has the right to refuse to fulfill the terms of the contract.

Who is authorized to deal with the budget

Usually, the responsibility for the formation of estimates lies with the head of the structural unit that is directly involved in the execution of work (foreman, head of workshop, section, etc.). In any case, this should be a person who knows the standards for the consumption of certain building materials, has an idea of ​​\u200b\u200btheir market value, and is also familiar with the rules for compiling such documents.

How to make a form

Today, there is no unified estimate form, so representatives of enterprises and organizations can draw it up in any form or, if the executing company has a developed and approved standard template, follow its model. At the same time, regardless of which method is chosen, it is necessary that the structure of the document complies with certain standards of office work, and the text includes a number of specific information.

The "header" includes standard:

• number, place, date of preparation of the form;
• information about organizations between which a contract for construction and finishing works has been concluded;
• a link to the contract itself is given (its number and date of conclusion are indicated);
• positions, surnames, first names, patronymics of managers are entered.

• serial number;
• title of work;
• unit of measure of work (square meters, kilograms, pieces, etc.);
• price per unit of measurement;
• total cost.

If necessary, you can add additional columns (for example, the quantity and cost of materials used, information about the instruments, equipment, and technology used). The length of the table depends on how much work is planned to be done. For convenience, the table can be divided into sections depending on the type of work (plumbing, painting, carpentry, installation, etc.).

Under the table, a note should be made on whether the prices are final or can be adjusted during the work.

How to make an estimate

Important condition! It must be signed by the directors of two enterprises: the customer and the contractor (or persons authorized to act on their behalf), while the signatures must be only "live" - ​​the use of facsimile versions is not expected.

The estimate can be certified using the seals of organizations, but only on condition that the use of stamp products is registered in their internal local regulations.

The estimate is made in two copies identical in text and equivalent in law, one for each of the interested parties. After drawing up and endorsement by both parties, the estimate becomes an integral part of the contract, so its presence should be recorded in the internal documentation log.

A repair estimate is a calculation of the cost of construction work and materials. Estimates are drawn up both for construction and finishing works of premises (buildings), and for certain types of work. According to the estimate documentation, funds are allocated for construction and repair work. How to make an estimate for repairs, we will tell you in our consultation.

Repair estimate

The estimate is a mandatory annex to the contract for construction and finishing works. The estimate for repair work is drawn up so that the parties to the contract have a clear idea of ​​the amount of costs, as well as what kind of work is to be done, in what time frame and by which specialized organizations. In addition, the availability of estimates helps the customer to control the volume and quality of work performed, technological processes, as well as the rise in the cost of the estimated cost.

As a rule, an estimate for repairs is drawn up by a design organization or a construction company independently. The estimate is drawn up based on the standards for the consumption of building materials, taking into account the market value of materials and work.

The objects of construction and repair can be buildings, structures, private houses, apartments or separate premises. Next, we will tell you how to make an estimate for the repair of a room, a sample of which will be given below.

Estimate for the repair of the premises

The estimate for the repair of the premises is compiled in any form, according to a developed and approved template, by each organization independently (Information of the Ministry of Finance of Russia N PZ-10/2012).

The repair estimate must contain the mandatory details provided for in paragraph 2 of Art. 9 of the Law of December 6, 2011 N 402-FZ:

• name and date of preparation of the document;
• the name of the parties that entered into a contract for repair work;
• position, full name and signature of representatives of the parties to the agreement authorized to approve the estimate;
• name of materials and works, unit of measure, quantitative expression, price per unit of measure and total cost.

For convenience, the estimate can be divided into stages (for example, depending on the type of work - dismantling, wiring, finishing).

If there is a need to repair an office space, then the question immediately arises of the mandatory preparation of an estimate for repairs. When contacting a construction company, it is better to first invite an estimator who will calculate everything. A correctly drawn up estimate for the repair of an office space includes parameters such as an indication of the materials from which the premises are built. This is due to the fact that the cost of repairs depends on the level of complexity, and work in an old building with brick walls is more difficult than in a modern monolithic one. The estimate also includes the names of the work to be carried out, the units of measurement for these types of work, the quantity, cost per unit and the cost of a particular type of work. As a result - the total cost of work. Moreover, each room is calculated separately. Some types of estimates include only the following parameters: materials, work, total (separately per square meter and total).
Ultimately, this document will allow the client to navigate the necessary costs, think over the types of repairs that are needed in the first place. The quality and cost of the building materials themselves can be negotiated with the contractors additionally. In addition, you can simply purchase the required amount of finishing materials yourself, and it is the company's responsibility to include the purchase of only rough building materials and the construction work itself. You can order an estimate from a company specializing in the production of such documentation in order to control the contractor and not overpay.
It should be taken into account that the cost of the work indicated in the estimate for the repair of office space may vary depending on the timing of the work, therefore, if you decide to sign the estimate presented by the company, you must indicate the timing of the order in it.
If before the start of the repair, its volume or individual points are not completely clear, then at the conclusion of the contract, an approximate (indicative) estimate for the repair of the office is signed. Individual paragraphs of such a document can be changed in accordance with changing circumstances.
If there is no time to draw up documentation yourself, and there is a desire to plan repair work in advance, then a typical estimate can be downloaded. In this case, it is possible to choose the option that corresponds to the planned repair.

Estimating during construction work is mandatory, since almost every project has a budget that needs to be agreed. In the article, we will talk about the basic principles for developing construction estimates and how the Business.Ru service will help in drawing up estimates.

What you will learn about:

Basic principles of budgeting

Any estimate is made to have a plan for the implementation of a specific project, but also solves other problems. For example, budgeting for construction and other repair work is necessary to:

• separate the money needed for various materials, procedures and works;
• understand and tell the customer how much construction will cost;
• manage cash flows evenly and correctly, in accordance with time and requirements;
• check the financial feasibility of a particular design.

Estimated calculation during construction shows the cost of materials and work that are necessary for each of the processes separately.

Traditionally, the estimate is an annex to the contract for the provision of construction services.

The functionality of budgeting is one of the novelties of the Business.Ru service. This is useful for entrepreneurs and users of the system who are professionally engaged in construction or finishing work. Also, the ability to draw up construction estimates will simplify communication with contractors for store owners who delve into the process of repairing their facilities.

The principles of budgeting are spelled out in a special guide "Methodology for determining the cost of construction products on the territory of the Russian Federation" MDS 81-35-2004.

According to him, there are several types of estimates. Basically, the document determines the estimates when working with government orders and official bodies.

Types of construction estimates

MDS 81-35-2004 distinguishes the following types of construction estimates:

• local estimates (primary documents for the construction of large facilities and structures: buildings, roads, etc. at the base price level and with a forecast);
• object estimates (documents with figures from local estimates compiled with current year prices);
• consolidated estimates (created on the basis of previous documents, as well as on the basis of the estimated costs for the functioning of the administrative apparatus). They determine the final limit of funds that will be required for the construction of facilities.

Important! Guidelines are necessary for professional estimators for large government orders or construction firms. When compiling such estimates, they usually use reference books with prices for the year 2000, and then change them using a coefficient.

If we are talking about small companies when working with private companies or individuals, then a simpler version of the estimate is drawn up. The type of such a document differs in the areas of construction: a general estimate for construction work, as well as an estimate for finishing, electrical installation, design, plumbing, roofing, installation and other types of work.

An estimate for construction work is necessary if a global project is ahead: from the construction of a new building to the addition of a new building.

A sample estimate for construction work differs from other estimates in a large number of positions. For example, it may contain not only a list of installation, but also dismantling works.

A sample estimate for construction work looks like this:

A sample estimate for construction work can be compiled independently in an Excel spreadsheet, or you can use special services for making estimates. For example, this functionality is available in the Business.Ru cloud accounting system.

Based on the results of work in the service, the finished estimate is also uploaded to Excel, where it can be further corrected.

Electrical work is the whole range of repair work related to electrical wiring. These include complete and partial rewiring, rewiring in a new building, and even the installation of an electrical panel, sockets, and lights.

The peculiarity of such a document is that the basis of the estimate is a list of works with a cost. You can make an estimate for electrical work using the Business.Ru service.

An example of an estimate for electrical work:

After the contract between the contractor and the customer, an electrical store is selected where the purchase will be made (or the purchase of equipment is carried out by the client himself through the online store).

Design work is the first stage in the construction of a building. When designing a structure, the estimate takes into account the remuneration of specialists. Usually, estimates for design work are compiled according to special reference books, where wages and coefficients are calculated. Such a document has a small number of columns.

An example of an estimate for design work:

Estimates for repair work can be very diverse. It includes sections related to decoration or minor repairs.

An example of an estimate for repair work to level the walls in a room where radiators have already been installed:

Plumbing work is a group of works related to the installation and replacement of water and sewer pipes, as well as the installation and dismantling of washbasins, toilet bowls, faucets, radiators, etc.

Small private companies and individual entrepreneurs make estimates for plumbing work without taking into account methodological recommendations for wages.

A sample estimate for plumbing work is presented below:

As in the case of a general estimate for construction work, an estimate for roofing work usually includes not only installation, but also dismantling.

The picture shows a sample estimate for roofing work in an administrative building:

Welding work with a separate estimate is usually compiled only by professional estimators in large construction companies, taking into account methodological recommendations.

However, if minor welding work is performed, then the estimate for welding work can be performed in simpler programs for preparing documents. For example, in the cloud service "Business.Ru".

A sample fragment of an estimate for welding work:

If work is carried out with excavation of the soil or, conversely, its backfilling (in pits), such work is called earthwork.

The estimate for excavation work usually includes the cost of the work itself (salary to workers and the foreman), as well as consumables: shovels, bags, etc.

This is how a fragment of a sample estimate for earthworks, made according to methodological recommendations, looks like:

Dismantling work is a set of works related to the destruction of a building or part of it (for example, walls, windows, doors, etc.).

Typically, in such a document, in addition to the cost of dismantling, the fee for lowering garbage from the floor, collecting and removing garbage to a landfill is indicated.

Sample estimate for demolition works:

Installation work - a set of works related to the installation of something. The estimate for installation work includes the calculation of the price of equipment, as well as the cost of its installation.

In the Business.Ru program, you can create a similar estimate that will help you sell a set of goods for the installation of technically complex products. For example, when implementing "smart home" systems or an electronic barrier.

By the way, a sample estimate for the installation work of the barrier, which the store could print out for the client, is presented below:

Commissioning - a set of works after the installation of equipment: verification and adjustment of all processes. Usually, estimates during commissioning are made up in large construction companies, while taking into account the codes and positions of the standards specified in special reference books.

Sample estimate for commissioning:

Finishing work is the final stage of repair. For example, wallpapering, laying laminate, installing doors, etc.

A sample estimate for the finishing work of one of the office rooms is presented below. It includes finishing the ceiling, walls and floor.

Estimate for work and materials

An estimate for work and materials is a simplified type of estimate that is used for minor repairs. For example, if your store just needs to paint the walls, the sample labor and materials quote will only include the cost of paint and refinishing.

Estimate for survey work

Survey work is a list of works necessary to explore the construction site. The survey estimate includes both economic and technical work.

Economic calculations include studies that justify the benefits of building a building in this particular place. Technical is a complex of cases in the field of geology, geodesy, which are also carried out before construction.

The sample estimates for survey work mainly include the cost of wages, as well as the cost of transporting specialists to the site of the proposed construction (gasoline, car rental, etc.).

The concept of estimated cost in construction

The definition of the estimated cost is used not only by estimators, but also by all foremen who make estimates without taking into account standards. In the most general view, the estimated cost is the amount of money intended for construction. It represents the final amount on which the contractor and the customer rely to determine the amount of financing.

When deriving the estimated cost, prices for construction goods, equipment costs (rent, purchase), removal and delivery, wages for workers and their manager are taken.

The estimated cost is determined by direct and overhead costs, as well as the estimated profit of the organization.

Direct costs include the cost of materials, the operation of machines and mechanisms, as well as the remuneration of employees.

Overhead costs in the construction estimate are indirect cash costs that are associated with the organization of work. These include, for example, remuneration of the administrative apparatus, payment for the use of programs for compiling estimates and other documentation, the use of mobile communications, renting premises of the administrative apparatus, etc.

Estimated profit - money to cover the costs of contractors and incentivize the work of employees (for example, allowances for processing).

Top 5 mistakes in budgeting

When drawing up construction estimates, errors periodically occur. Here are the top 5 most common mistakes.

1. No budget at all. The customer meets with the foreman and finds out the prices for the work in words. The contractor was recommended by a friend, so the future client does not doubt his honesty and simply inquires about the prices in order to estimate the costs.

As a result, the amount of expenses for construction or repair exceeds all allowable limits. After all, if there is no specific agreement on materials, the contractor will buy the amount of building materials exceeding the required volume.

1. No scope of work. The construction estimate may simply indicate the amount of costs for a particular action (for example, repairing a utility room), but the scope of work does not appear.

As a result, it turns out that the contractor, when drawing up the estimate, indicated only the main work on this object, and forgot the additional, smaller ones (on purpose or by accident - it does not matter in this case). The client has to pay.

For example, in a store, the ceiling is leveled. The contractor decided to use mesh and a minimum layer of plaster. But during the removal of the old coating, very large joints between the plates are found, which requires 5 times more plaster consumption. The customer's repair costs are on the rise.

1. Additional work on the budget. This error may be random or special. Sometimes non-professional builders are not aware of a simpler technology and assume a more complex set of works. Additional work in the estimate may also appear intentionally in order to increase the cost of wages.
2. Exceeding the amount of materials in the estimate. Overestimating the amount of materials by more than 15% of what is required is not the contractor's insurance, but a mistake. Indeed, in order to draw up a good construction estimate, for example, for the repair of a store, it is necessary to measure all walls, windows, doorways, clarify the unevenness of surfaces, etc. However, rarely does a contractor approach calculations so thoroughly.
3. Indication of not all works in the estimate. An unscrupulous contractor can devote the bulk of the estimate to preparatory work. The customer, having not fully considered the estimate, but only after seeing the final amount, sees that the price suits him, signs the contract.

As a result, the contractor does the rough work and disappears. The customer, having carefully looked at the estimate, sees that he really paid only the preparatory part. As a result, such a “mistake” in the construction estimate leads to an overpayment.