Scheme of the upper combustion boiler. Do-it-yourself pyrolysis boiler

Solid fuel boilers of long burning help keep warm without frequent reloading of firewood.

Instead of the usual 2-4 hours, one bookmark in long-burning boilers is enough for at least 8-12 hours equipment operation. The exact time between loads depends on the design and type of fuel used.

Drawings of solid fuel boilers for long burning

Continuous operation of the device with a heat exchanger on one batch of firewood provides a special design:

• increased capacity of the fuel chamber- accommodates 2 times the volume bookmarks;
• non-standard ignition direction- firewood burns vertically down.

The fire covers the top layer of fuel. Due to the metered supply of air flow, an even, weak flame is formed. The lower volume of the bookmark gradually heats up as the firewood burns out.

Classical

In standard drawings set cylinder-shaped heat generator. The rectangular body is not suitable for classic long-burning boilers.

The equipment works as follows:

• combustion chamber fill with firewood and kindle from above;
• in the process of burning the fuel through a telescopic pipe on it a load with a hole for air circulation is lowered;
• oxygen enters the furnace through the chimney under the influence of natural draft or fan;
• there is no heat exchanger in the classical scheme, the heating water is heated directly.

In addition to firewood, peat or coke is used for kindling.

Photo 1. Classic long-burning solid fuel boiler with firewood in the combustion chamber and no heat exchanger.

Pyrolysis

In gas generators firewood smolders more slowly. Combustible smoke is released, which enters a separate zone and generates additional thermal energy. The design includes:

• Loading chamber. It is the process of pyrolysis combustion of fuel.
• Burner compartment. This is where the gas burns.
• Heat exchanger. Performed in the form of a "shirt". Inside the heat exchanger, water is heated for subsequent access to the network.
• Air supply device. Ensures the flow of primary (into the furnace) and secondary (into the afterburner) flow.
• Throttle valve. To adjust the speed and volume of oxygen at the stage of the first ignition of the fuel.
• Devices for controlling the temperature and power of equipment.

Two cameras separates the fire-resistant ceiling from the nozzle and holes. The rate of water heating inside the heat exchanger depends on the secondary air flow.

Photo 2. Pyrolysis boiler equipped with a loading chamber, a heat exchanger, the chambers are separated by a fire-resistant ceiling.

Mine

Devices running according to the principle of conventional fuel combustion, easier than pyrolysis. The design includes:

• Firebox. This zone occupies from 50% volume equipment and often has a rectangular shape. Its height is slightly less than the length of the whole structure.
• Hatch for loading fuel. It is installed on top or on the side of the firebox.
• Ash pan. A chamber where ash with coal residues naturally enters. It is equipped under the firebox.
• Grate. Performs the function of a dividing grid between the internal sections of the boiler.
• Door. Dimensions are selected taking into account the possibility of simultaneous access to both the ash and the lower part of the combustion chamber. To regulate the volume of air, a gate is installed on the door.
• Section with heat exchanger. In projects of mine boilers, structures of water or fire-tube types are used. In the heat exchanger chamber, an opening is made for the entry of carbon monoxide gases.
• flue pipe from metal or brick with a damper.

After loading and ignition, the fuel emits combustible gases. Through the hole, they enter the chamber with a heat exchanger, heating the latter. The smoke gives off energy and exits through the pipe, and hot water enters the heating network.

Photo 3. A long-burning shaft-type boiler with a heat exchanger in which the fuel emits combustible gases after ignition.

Step-by-step instructions for making a brick and metal boiler

To choose the right design, it is recommended to take into account the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room and the type of fuel. If the boiler is being built for a garage or a small country house, no water circuit required. Heating occurs from the surface of the device due to convection of hot air.

Attention! To increase efficiency and efficiency, the device is supplemented forced air blower system. If there is a heating network with a liquid heat carrier in the room, projects with a circuit in the form of a "coil" based on pipes are selected.

The type of fuel affects the volume of the chamber. For wood boilers fit projects with increased dimensions of the furnace. When using pellets or shavings, it is possible to equip a container for automatic feeding of pellets.

Easier to construct based on metal with brick. To do this, a heat exchanger is made from shaped pipes of round and rectangular cross-section, which is installed directly in a brick boiler.

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Necessary materials and tools

For the manufacture of the body use:

• Sand for mortar.
• Refractory oven brick. Alternatively, a refractory analogue is used.
• Cast iron grate.
• Ready-made doors for the ash pan and combustion chamber(loading hatch).

In the design of the heat exchanger are:

• pipe round sections - 8 pcs. 800x50 mm, 4 pcs. 300x40 mm;
• rectangular pipe profile - 5 pieces. 300x50 mm, 1 pc. 500x50 mm;
• pipe sections for circuits of water supply and transfer to the system - 2 pcs. 100-150x50 mm;
• metal plates 60x40 mm to close joints.

To reduce costs, choose products without seams from alloy steel grade 20.

During the construction of the heat exchanger and boiler, the following are used:

• grinder;
• cutter - gas or plasma version;
• pliers;
• forceps;
• drill;
• roulette;
• metal corners;
• welding machine;
• protective mask;
• level.

Suitable for assembling a long-burning heater electrodes MP-3C or ANO-21.

How to build a structure with your own hands in stages

Do-it-yourself heat exchanger is assembled from 4 pipes 60x40 mm, round blanks D40 and D50 mm. Optimal wall thickness - 3-5 mm. From rectangular tubes 300 mm make vertical racks - 2 each front and back of the register. For this:

• On the back side of two pipes for the front uprights cut out 4 round holes with a diameter of 50 mm. Irregularities on the surface are ground with a grinder.
• On each of the two tubes for the rear uprights 4 round holes are made each with a diameter of 50 mm along the wide plane and 40 mm along the narrow side.

Important! bumps on the pipe surface delete angle grinder for precision welding.

Preparing the rack for connection

To prepare the racks for connection, perform the following steps:

• In the lower rectangular tube length 500 mm located in front of the boiler, cut a round hole with a diameter of 50 mm for supplying cold water.
• In the upper opposite corner of the rear vertical pillar cut a round hole of the same diameter for the exit of heated water into the heating system.

Front vertical racks connect with rear 8 long (800x50 mm) round pipes. They are set perpendicular to each other and welded. Between the rear racks 4 short (300x40 mm) round pipes. From below the front struts are installed long (500x50 mm) rectangular pipe with return hole.

Important! All edges are strictly perpendicular to each other. Welding is performed on a flat base to avoid distortions. It is better to connect racks and pipes with an assistant.

When the heat exchanger frame is ready, short lengths ( 100-150x50 mm) are welded to the places of connection to the heating network, and all open ends of the racks are covered with pieces of metal.

To check heat exchanger for impermeability before installation, the bottom hole is closed, and the container is filled with water through the top.

The design is upright. If there are no leaks, the heat exchanger is ready for installation.

Before creating a brick building, they build concrete foundation according to the size of the device. A blower chamber is laid out on it, a grate is mounted. The heat exchanger is installed with an inclination towards the cold water inlet.

The outlet pipe must be located above any upper point of the structure. Minimum difference in height - from 10 mm or more. This eliminates the risk of air lock, improves water circulation.

Attention! A gap must be left between the brick surface and the extreme part of the heat exchanger minimum 10 mm.

The finished structure with a pipe is covered with fire-resistant or fireclay bricks. Optimum wall thickness of the firebox - ½ block.

Openings are left in advance and installed 2 doors:

• lower- for access to the place of ignition, cleaning of the furnace and ash pan;
• top- for laying fuel.

The latter is installed on the cover or front wall of the device. The lower door, if desired, is replaced by two separate smaller ones.

Masonry is produced with obligatory ligation of seams. The outer brick building is built above the pipes at least by 20-30 mm. The upper part is covered with a cast-iron sheet for quick dismantling if necessary. The design uses a chimney made of metal or brick remnants. It is set to a height from 5 or more meters with respect to the grate level.

Connecting the device to the heating circuit

The finished device is designed to work in an autonomous network with natural and forced energy carrier circulation scheme. In the first case, do the following:

1. A straight pipe is removed from the boiler The on which the security group is mounted.
2. With a tee equip bypass.
3. Device connected to the heating system through 2 branch pipes.

All joints must be wrapped with tow and covered sealant.

How to avoid problems during construction and operation

Equipment is installed only on a concrete base. Rolled steel does not withstand the weight and the boiler sags. This leads to a loss of tightness of the joints and damage to the pipes.

It is not recommended to use a homemade door for the firebox and ash pan. The slightest bumps reduce the efficiency of burning wood.

Moreover, possible charcoal through cracks and then ignite. With self-manufacturing of the door, it is made strictly under the hole, provided with dampers and thermal insulation between the layers.

If a boiler with a heat exchanger is used in a local heating network, the circulation pump is installed on the return line. So device works in good mode for 6 years or more. To solve the problem of low-temperature corrosion, a three-way thermostatic valve is installed on the bypass (jumper) and adjusted at 55 degrees.

The persistent smell of creosote and smoke in the boiler room indicate the low quality of the fuel. Cheap wooden sleepers are not suitable for heating and form ash-coal residues on the walls less than a day of burning. To exclude heat loss through the chimney, the latter is equipped damper. It prevents the exit of heated air, reduces the rate of fuel combustion.

Useful video

The video shows one of the schemes for creating a solid fuel boiler at minimal cost.

How to check before launch

Basic welding skills are enough to build a long burning boiler with a heat exchanger without outside help.

Detailed instructions help to assemble a device with a heat exchanger for home heating area up to 100 m2 with six 7-section cast iron radiators and wiring with 2 pipes.

In accordance with SNiP, before the first start-up of the boiler, perform 24 hour hydraulic test. For this:

• shutoff valves and taps are opened;
• water is introduced into the system;
• the pressure is increased to the level of 1.3 atm.

A simple method helps to make sure that there are no leaks. Be sure to check the sections of the threaded connection and welds. The pressure level must remain unchanged. If any problems are found, the boiler is disconnected from the heating network and the problems are fixed.

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Residents of the private sector who decide to purchase a solid fuel boiler for heating their homes are primarily interested in the thermal power of the equipment, the price and duration of burning from one load. These parameters are interconnected: with greater power and duration of operation, the price of the device is higher. There is an option in which costs are halved - home-made long-burning boilers on wood.

• Show all

  Characteristics and types of boilers

  In suburban settlements (where there are no gas pipelines), the issue of improving the quality of home heating is constantly being addressed. Conventional charcoal and wood burning stoves have become ubiquitous, and now, with new technologies, they are not the only way to heat.

  It is perfectly possible to replace old stoves with long-burning wood-fired boilers, which are relatively new designs that run on solid fuels. The power of such a device is enough to heat not only residential, but also industrial premises.

  The duration of combustion corresponds to the processes occurring inside it, which will depend on the design of the device. A solid fuel boiler differs in technology from a conventional wood-burning stove in that the upper part of the wood burns first, gradually capturing the lower part along with decay products (ash, soot).

  In old stoves, firewood ignites from below, and then the rest ignites, while the fuel burns quickly and the stove cools down, so you have to monitor the combustion process and often add firewood. It is generally believed that the duration of burning depends on the duration of smoldering with limited air intake. But this is an inefficient way to burn wood and coal.:

  1. 1. At maximum combustion, the efficiency of wood-burning boilers reaches 75%, and in the smoldering mode, the efficiency of the device drops to 40%.
  2. 2. Smoldering firewood releases a small amount of thermal energy, which affects the complete, high-quality heating of the house.
  3. 3. Impossibility of smoldering burning of freshly cut wood such as willows, poplars and low-calorie fuels.

  The duration of burning depends on the increased fuel chamber in the boiler, it is its size that affects the process: the more firewood put into the furnace, the longer they will burn and release heat. Household units can work 10-12 hours with one laying of firewood, and with a portion of coal up to a day. There are such types of solid fuel boilers:

  • classic, in which forced air supply functions;
  • operating according to the method of upper combustion;
  • pyrolysis models;
  • mine-type heat generators.

  Such devices of solid fuel boilers can be done independently. To do this, you need to have the necessary tools and welding practice.

  WHICH boiler is BETTER: considering all options # 2

  

  Classic type of unit

  This type is used with the use of forced pressurization, which is necessary to avoid the smoldering mode and for the economical combustion of solid fuels.

  
  
  

  The principle of operation is:

  1. 1. In the firebox, the volume of which is 112 liters, firewood is laid and set on fire. After that, all doors are closed tightly, and with the help of automation, a fan is started, which pumps air.
  2. 2. Once the temperature has reached the set value, it will stop into standby mode. A very small amount of air enters through the channel, closed by a gravitational damper, so that the firewood does not go out.
  3. 3. When the temperature sensor detects the cooling of the coolant in the boiler tank, the fan will automatically turn on and the process will repeat.

  With the help of automation, several modes of air injection are carried out in accordance with the wood used, which is different in quality and moisture content. The standard type of boiler has the following technical characteristics:

  • rated power - 22 kW;
  • efficiency - 77%;
  • maximum working pressure - 3 bar;
  • firebox depth - 460 mm;
  • the size of the opening where firewood is laid - 36 by 25 cm;
  • chamber volume - 112 l;
  • the duration of burning on wood fuel is approximately 8 hours.

  The boiler is distinguished by a simple device: a furnace elongated in height, equipped with grate at the bottom, and at the top with a heat exchanger consisting of 4 pipes and placed inside the tank. The forced air enters the ash chamber through a channel from a 60 by 40 mm profile. To protect against dirt and dust, the automatic unit and fan are located on top of the boiler.

  Types of solid fuel boilers

  

  Top burning heater

  The device of long-burning hot water boilers is the same furnace, supplemented with a water jacket. The principle of operation of the boiler is considered relatively new and consists in supplying air from above (where the combustion zone is) through a pipe, at the end of which a heavy metal disk is welded. As the wood burns, it sags under the weight of the load, and the movement of air flows is carried out in a natural way due to the draft of the chimney.

  Based on user reviews, this type of long-burning devices is not very popular. Here are some reasons:

  • efficiency is inferior to classical types due to the location of the zone of intense combustion in one plane;
  • the difficulty of filling the firebox with firewood - it is necessary that the previous portion of fuel is completely warmed up;
  • impossibility of quick extinguishing, if necessary.

  Disadvantages exist, but you can independently add something to the equipment device or fix it. For example, for the manufacture of a zonal chamber, mount the bottom and grates. It is possible to eliminate the shortcomings of additional fuel loading by placing an additional door between the fuel opening and the ash one.

  

  Pyrolysis models

  Pyrolysis boilers work with a phased separation of the combustion process, which increases efficiency and extends the life of the generator. The furnace of the pyrolysis device is divided by a special nozzle: in the first chamber, firewood burns, releasing gas, and in the second chamber, the decay products of wood are burned. And at the same time, a minimum amount of ash remains, and soot does not accumulate in the chimney.

  Pyrolysis units are used for heating private houses with an area of ​​​​more than 100 square meters. m. On one load of firewood it can function for about two days. The price of the product depends on the brand of the manufacturer, as well as on the power and degree of automation the unit is equipped with. It is more difficult to make such a long-burning boiler with your own hands than a conventional one with a simplified design, but it is possible.

  Wood fired pyrolysis boilers for heating a private house

  Mine heat generator

  The difference between the mine unit and others lies in the duration of combustion and the features of its device. It is equipped with a large fuel chamber, so it does not require frequent loading of fuel, combustion takes place in a slow mode. There are two types of such boilers: with conventional combustion and pyrolysis. They have a similar device, they are equipped with two chambers: the first is designed to burn fuel, and the second is equipped with a heat exchanger.

  
  

  The device of a fuel appliance with a conventional type of combustion is simpler. The main part of its body is a capacious loading chamber, it is called a mine. When vertical, it is able to accommodate a large amount of fuel. On the side or top is equipped with a hatch for laying firewood.

  If you look into the furnace compartment, you will find that it resembles a mine, hence the name of the boiler. An ash pan is located under the chamber for the furnace, separated from it by a grate. Through the door you can get access to the ash pan, as well as to the firebox. With the help of a gate located under the door, it is possible to regulate the flow of air.

  The second part of the boiler is a chamber with a built-in heat exchanger, which is filled with water. If the unit will not be used to heat the house with water heating, a fire-tube heat exchanger is used. Gases from the furnace through the hole enter the chamber with a heat exchanger, heat the water in it and are eliminated through the chimney. Hot water through pipes enters the heating system, and heated air enters the room.

  The design of the mine-type pyrolysis boiler is almost the same. However, in it there are some additional elements:

  1. 1. Two chambers, in one of which fuel burns, and in the other - carbon monoxide burns out.
  2. 2. Several perforated pipes, through the holes of which air enters, enriching the combustion and afterburning chambers.
  3. 3. Gate valves that separate the chambers.

  The principle of operation of the pyrolysis apparatus is somewhat different. The combustion process occurs with limited air intake, therefore, slowly and with the release of a large amount of gas. It enters additional chambers through perforated pipes and burns there. Such boilers are used with any type of solid fuel: coal, firewood, pellets.

  One bookmark of firewood can heat a room for 30 hours, and a portion of coal up to 5 days. With complete combustion of fuel and its decay products, the generator achieves high efficiency - up to 90%.

The tube heat exchanger, which is not easy to manufacture, is endowed with the greatest efficiency. The dimensions are determined directly by the manufacturer.

A blower chamber with a grate is installed on a solid concrete foundation. Then a heat exchanger is placed and lined with high-quality bricks around. During the laying process, two doors are built in. The lower one is mounted at a level convenient for laying and setting fire to firewood, as well as for cleaning the firebox and blower from ash. Through the top door, which can be placed on the front plane of the device or on top in the form of a hatch, firewood, coal or pellets are loaded.

The heat exchanger must be set so that the outlet of the hot coolant is located at the highest point. This prevents the formation of air pockets in the system, thereby improving water circulation. Bricklaying should be performed with bandaging of the seams for greater strength of the walls, which should protrude 3 cm above the heat exchanger. The chimney can be laid out of brick or a metal one can be installed.

Pros and cons of heating with wood

Home-made wood-burning structures are often used for heating both small country houses and large private households, next to which there are no gas mains. Heating of premises is carried out by wood or coal.

Due to the high cost of coal, users prefer wood fuel, on which the units operate. with such merit:

1. 1. Permission is not required to perform installation and operation of the equipment.
2. 2. Cheap operation when compared with electric heating. And if there is a source of free firewood, the funds are spent only on the material for assembling the heating apparatus.
3. 3. Heating does not depend on electricity - this applies to the simplest units that are not equipped with electrical components.
4. 4. Ability to use long-term burning, which allows to reduce the approaches for replenishment with fuel.
5. 5. Cheap assembly. The cost of a self-made device will be lower than the factory counterpart.

Only with constant cleaning of equipment and scheduled repairs, the devices will work stably and efficiently throughout the entire period of operation. But there are also disadvantages of do-it-yourself solid fuel boilers:

1. 1. The complexity of manufacturing a home-made boiler, especially with a heating circuit.
2. 2. Assembly errors may occur, which will affect the efficiency of the device.
3. 3. They do not look very attractive, although this depends on the skill of the manufacturer.

Undoubtedly, the aesthetics of in-house production cannot be compared with the design of factory equipment. However, the assembled structure meets the requirements of its own heating system. And also it should be noted that the assembled heat generator will be cheaper than the factory one at least twice.

Keeping your home warm for the winter is a very important task. And if in the city special services take over its implementation, then outside the city very often you have to do everything yourself, in particular, make and install units for heating.

In this article we will talk about home-made long-burning boilers that run on wood.

Of course, a heating boiler that runs on various types of fuel can be purchased commercially. However, the same gas boiler will not be able to work everywhere, but a wood-fired boiler can heat a house no matter how far it is located from the gas main.

Among other things, homemade boilers long-burning compared to simple stoves, they have a longer period between loads of firewood, while the efficiency of heating the room does not decrease. In addition, we suggest you watch a video on the topic of assembling long-burning boilers with your own hands.

The principle of operation of the long-burning boiler

The burning time of a wood-burning boiler depends on its design and processes occurring from the inside. The principle of operation of boilers is as follows: fuel is burned from top to bottom, and not vice versa, as in a conventional wood-burning stove. In the furnace of a conventional boiler or stove, the lower layer first burns out, after which hot streams rise and draw all layers into combustion, while the firewood burns out very quickly and must be added every few hours, otherwise the stove will cool down.

In boilers of long burning, the upper layer burns first, and then the fire goes below and captures each subsequent layer of firewood. One bookmark of fuel allows it to smolder for about within 30 hours, and after its complete combustion of ash and soot, a minimum remains.

The adjustment mode allows the firewood to smolder for a very long time - more than a day, and after their complete combustion of soot and ash, a minimum remains.

But it is worth remembering that do-it-yourself long-burning boilers in residential areas it is better not to put, because they cannot guarantee your safety when using. It is best to equip them with rooms such as:

• technical;
• production;
• greenhouses;
• houses under construction.
• residential buildings until the main heating system is installed.

Advantages of a homemade long-burning boiler

Although DIY wood-fired boilers can be installed in limited places or used as a temporary solution in residential areas, they are preferred by many because they are easy to operate and have a high heating efficiency.

The advantages of such boilers:

How to assemble a wood-burning boiler with your own hands

In regions of the country where there is no natural gas, solid fuel is highly valued, on the basis of which heating boilers operate. At the same time, in almost every such region there are special enterprises that can supply solid fuel.

Long burning boilers can work not only on wood, but also on such types of solid fuels as:

• sawdust;
• pellets;
• peat;
• coal.

Materials for making a boiler with your own hands

To assemble the boiler with your own hands, you need material for the body. This may work for:

• metal pipes with a large diameter;
• barrels;
• round tanks;
• gas cylinders and other containers.

Most often containers are steel and cast iron, let's look at how these two materials differ in characteristics:

Steel boilers are more popular among users. If you want to assemble the boiler with your own hands, remember that you need to provide correct air supply with the ability to regulate the process of burning firewood. To achieve this, you need to do the following:

• correctly calculate the power of the structure;
• choose high-quality materials;
• prepare a design drawing;
• be able to make high-quality welds;
• strictly observe the installation technology of the structure.

And now let's look at the simplest designs of long-burning boilers that you can assemble with your own hands:

• based on an iron pipe;
• barrel based;
• potbelly stove;
• "Slobozhanka".

Iron pipe construction

Design parameters should be like this:

At the bottom of the structure there should be a door for adding firewood, and for blowing and cleaning the tank from soot, you need to put grates.

Inside the structure you need to place pipe with a smaller diameter, connect to the pipeline that goes through the room for the natural movement of the coolant. Further, the system is filled with water, which can be heated for domestic needs and used for heating. From the outside, we install dampers that control the amount of water coming from the tank.

Barrel boiler design

The work in this case looks like this:

• cut off the upper rim of the barrel and align;
• on a lid that can close hermetically, we cut a hole with a diameter of 150 mm to remove carbon monoxide;
• the chimney should be placed at a slight angle to the vertical surface;
• The lid must be durable and fireproof. Make another 100 mm hole in it for oxygen access;
• we put the pipe so that the gases can escape vertically;
• the damper must not be placed too low, so that the fuel does not burn out earlier than necessary.

You can also slow down the process of wood settling with the help of cargo. Together with a movable air distributor, this design will ensure the burning of firewood for 60 hours.

Potbelly stove and its features

Almost everyone knows about this design. They consist of a water circuit that can provide heat to several radiators in a room up to 30 square meters. It can be used in areas such as:

• greenhouses;
• summer cottages;
• houses under construction;
• construction sites;
• utility rooms.

How to assemble the Slobozhanka boiler with your own hands

The principle of operation of such a design is quite simple. There is two covers: one internal, and the second external, between them there is an air gap. Cold air comes from below, which warms up due to the hot walls of the inner casing and rises, then exits through a hole in the outer casing.

To assemble such a unit with your own hands, prepare the following:

• thick pipes;
• metal sheets;
• fittings;
• metal corners;
• gas cylinders or pipe sections;
• apparatus for welding;
• grinder;
• drill;
• hammer;
• chisel;
• electrodes.

The order of work will be as follows:

Long-burning solid fuel boilers can be used for various household needs. There is no better and economical option for use in a summer cottage or on a construction site. In this case, you will not have to load fuel as often as in traditional furnaces, and you will also save on the purchase of a boiler.

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Before proceeding with the independent manufacture of solid fuel boilers, it is necessary to prepare sketches. They should reflect the main and additional elements. It is proposed to take drawings of solid fuel boilers for long burning as a basis. It is quite possible to make them with your own hands.

The appearance of a homemade design

Analogues with support for long burning differ from conventional boilers by the presence of two working chambers at once. In the first of them, the directly deposited fuel is burned, and in the second, the released gases are burned. An important role is played by the timely supply of oxygen. As a device for blowing air, a conventional fan with simple automation can be used.

Among the advantages of the units it should be noted:

• the minimum number of bookmarks of fuel;
• high work efficiency;
• use of various types of solid fuel;
• a small amount of soot in the pipes during operation;
• design reliability.

Note! Of the shortcomings, it is necessary to mention the complexity of self-production. Although when using ready-made drawings of solid fuel boilers for long burning with your own hands, it is still possible to make a unit.

The process of manufacturing solid fuel boilers for long burning with your own hands: drawings and assembly

It should immediately be noted that structures can have both an upper gas combustion chamber and a lower one. In the first case, the combustion products enter the working compartment under the influence of natural forces, and in the second case, with the help of an additional air injection device.

Since boilers with a lower afterburner are difficult to manufacture and require the installation of additional equipment during installation, it does not make much sense to consider them. It is faster and more economical to make a design with an upper chamber for burning gases.

Applicable Items

For the manufacture of the structure you will need:

• pipe with a section of 500 mm and a length of 1300 mm;
• pipe with a diameter of 450 mm and a length of 1500 mm;
• pipe with a section of 60 mm and a length of 1200 mm;
• two rings 25 mm wide and 500 mm in diameter;
• metal corners and pieces of channel;
• Metal sheet;
• asbestos cloth;
• hinges and handles.

Chassis assembly order

First of all, pipes with a cross section of 1500 and 1300 mm are inserted into each other. They are connected using a ring made from a corner measuring 25x25 mm. A circle with a diameter of 450 mm is cut out of a metal sheet and fixed to the end of the pipe. It acts as the bottom. The result should be a small barrel.

A hole in the shape of a rectangle 15x10 cm is cut out from the bottom side of the structure for the ash pan door. The sash is attached to the opening with the help of a loop, and a valve is also installed.

A rectangular hole for the fuel chamber is made a little higher. Dimensions can be determined by yourself. The convenience of loading firewood or other fuel will depend on the correctly selected dimensions. Using the same technology, a door with a latch is installed.

An exhaust pipe is made in the upper part of the homemade structure, with the help of which the exhaust gases will flow into the chimney. On the sides, by welding, the pipes necessary for connecting to the heating system of the building are fixed. They must be threaded.

Air distributor device

A circle is cut out of a piece of tin with a cross section 20-30 mm smaller than the diameter of the inner part of the boiler. In the central part, a round hole is made for the air distribution pipe. Its diameter should be 6 cm. A pipe is inserted directly into the hole and welded to the base.

Pieces of a corner are attached to the bottom of the metal pancake. On the other hand, a loop is fixed by welding, which is necessary to move the structure up and down. To adjust the air supply directly to the combustion chamber, a damper is arranged.

A circle with a diameter of 500 mm, cut from a suitable piece of metal, is inserted into the structure. The upper end of the pipe is inserted into the hole, after which the upper cover of the boiler is welded tightly. A cable is fixed to the loop, allowing the distributor to be lowered and raised.

Note! The simplest of all the schemes of long-burning solid fuel boilers was presented. It is not so difficult to assemble a reliable structure with your own hands, especially if you have experience with welding and other tools.

Do-it-yourself solid fuel boiler for long burning: video for review

Another option is to use a gas cylinder for the hull. From it, you can create a completely effective design for heating buildings of small sizes. To get acquainted with the features of a home-made heating device, it is proposed to look at the video. Do-it-yourself long-burning boiler without drawings can be made according to it.

Are there any negative reviews about the solid fuel boiler for long burning?

Sometimes consumers leave negative reviews about the designs, but they are more likely to be associated with the general disadvantages that are inherent in solid fuel devices in general.

The following shortcomings can be distinguished:

• for fuel storage it is necessary to use special premises or structures;
• in any case, fuel must be loaded manually, despite the reduced number of loads;
• when installing any models of solid fuel boilers, special safety measures must be taken;
• It is impossible to regulate the process of fuel combustion in the combustion chamber with particular accuracy.

Note! There are a lot of minuses, but still solid fuel boilers are the only way out of a situation where gas and electricity main lines are not available.

On the cost of finished models for heating with solid fuel

If it is not possible to make a long-burning boiler or simply there is no desire, then you can purchase a finished design. It must be recognized that models for heating large rooms will be expensive. In the table you can see the prices for Stropuva boilers.

Article

In modern times, few homeowners are ready to purchase heating equipment without understanding thoroughly what they are paying their hard-earned money for. This also applies to solid fuel boilers, whose range is quite wide. But it is enough for one person to know the technical characteristics of the equipment, and for another it is important to understand the principle of operation of a particular heat generator. We present to your attention the currently existing schemes of solid fuel boilers with a description of their work. They may vary in details for different products, but this will not affect the general principle.

Classic solid fuel boilers

This is the most common type of heating installations that burn solid fuels, they are also called direct combustion boilers. Due to the simplicity of the design, these units are the cheapest of all and therefore are purchased by homeowners most often.

They are also popular among home-made craftsmen, which is why it is not difficult to find drawings for the manufacture of traditional heat generators. Aggregates can be divided into 2 types:

• non-volatile, working on natural chimney draft;
• supercharged, with forced air injection.

The former function on the principle of a conventional furnace, only “dressed” in a water jacket. The volumetric fuel chamber is located above the ash pan, separated from it by grates. The air from the room enters the furnace through the damper in the ash pan door and the grate. Its quantity is regulated by a chain-driven thermostat, which is guided by the temperature of the water in the boiler jacket and mechanically controls the air damper. For a better perception of the process, a diagram of a solid fuel boiler is shown below:

The flue gases emitted in the furnace pass through the flame tubes of the heat exchanger, washed from the outside with water. Depending on the design of the heater, the combustion products can make 2 or 3 passes through the gas ducts, intensively exchanging heat with the water jacket. Having given up their heat, the gases leave the unit through the chimney.

Note. In the above diagram of the heat generator, the flame tubes are located horizontally. There are models with vertical gas ducts, but this is not of decisive importance.

Non-volatile solid fuel units cannot boast of high efficiency, maximum - 70%. The duration of burning depends on the volume of the firebox and the mode of operation, although it is strongly recommended to use them in conjunction with a heat accumulator. The second type of boilers is more productive, their efficiency reaches 75% due to forced air supply by a fan. The device of such an installation well reflects the scheme of operation of a solid fuel boiler, presented below:

Long burning boilers

These units are no better than traditional ones in terms of efficiency, their performance is approximately the same: for atmospheric boilers - up to 70%, for pressurized boilers - up to 75%. But the duration of burning from one bookmark of firewood or coal is really increased. This is achieved thanks to the following technical solutions:

• increased dimensions of the fuel chamber, which holds twice as much firewood as in a conventional boiler;
• the method of burning is unconventional - from top to bottom.

Such heat generators have a cylindrical shape, since it is hardly possible to implement the idea in a rectangular case. The firebox is filled with firewood to the top, kindled from above, and then a load with a hole for air passage is lowered onto them using a telescopic pipe. As it burns, the load descends, which is why air is constantly supplied directly to the flame zone. The illustration below shows a diagram of a long-burning solid fuel boiler:

Air passes through the telescopic pipe also from top to bottom, driven by the natural draft of the chimney or blown by a fan. The design does not provide for a heat exchanger, the process of heating the coolant occurs directly, although the flue gases also have time to give up part of their heat. Thanks to the described method of combustion, the boiler and the heating system can operate from one load of wood up to 12 hours, and coal - up to 2 days.

Pyrolysis boilers

The principle of operation of these heat generators is based on separate combustion in two chambers that communicate with each other through a nozzle made of refractory bricks. In the primary chamber, located on top, firewood smolders with a limited air supply by a fan. As a result, the process of pyrolysis occurs, otherwise - gasification, in which a mixture of combustible gases is released. It moves to the second chamber, where it is burned up when secondary air enters. The working scheme of a solid fuel pyrolysis boiler is as follows:

Flue gases from the secondary furnace enter the fire-tube heat exchanger in the form of vertical gas ducts surrounded by a water jacket. There they cool down, transferring heat to the water, and leave the boiler through the chimney. The performance of the fan is controlled by an electronic unit - the controller, focusing on the readings of pressure and temperature sensors.

In general, the heat generator has good efficiency indicators - about 80%, but at the same time the unit is significantly more expensive than the classic one. In addition, the boiler shows high efficiency only when working on dry wood, although this statement is true for other solid fuel units.

Pellet boilers

This group of heat generators is the most progressive of all, although the most expensive. Both the heater itself and its installation with connection will cost a lot. But pellet boilers are worth the money: they are efficient (efficiency - up to 85%), fully automated and devoid of the inertia inherent in other solid fuel "brothers". Since the fuel supply in the bunker is enough for 3-7 days of operation, they can be safely attributed to long-burning units.

Structurally, the units are similar to gas heaters, since they are equipped with two types of burners: retort and flare. The figure shows a drawing of a solid fuel boiler for long burning on pellets with different types of burners:

The organization of heat transfer here is the same as in other heat generators - with the help of fire-tube heat exchangers. High efficiency is achieved due to something else: dry quality fuel and automatic controlled combustion. But if wet or loose pellets come across, then the efficiency of the unit will drop sharply.

For reference. Automatic coal-fired boilers operate on the same principle, only the burners in them are of the same type - retort.

A little about the circuits for hot water supply

Due to their characteristics, any solid fuel heaters are not very suitable for direct heating of water for the needs of hot water supply. Nevertheless, some manufacturers still build a second circuit in the form of a coil into their products. In this case, the scheme of double-circuit solid fuel boilers is different, the coil can be located inside the water jacket and warm up from the coolant. In other models, it is placed inside the firebox or above it.

The best option is not to place the heat exchanger inside the wood-fired heat generator, but to prepare water in an indirect heating boiler, which will simultaneously serve as a heat accumulator. But not everyone can afford to purchase such equipment, so users are still interested in double-circuit units, although they are unlikely to be able to provide all the needs for hot water. Below is a diagram of the installation of the boiler with the function of heating water for domestic hot water:

Conclusion

As you can see, the device and principle of operation of solid fuel thermal equipment can vary greatly. It should be noted that for convenience, the schemes of various boilers are presented in order of increasing cost of construction. You just have to process this information and make the right choice for yourself.