Peeling skin can be caused by a variety of factors. To deal with ...
The main part of the Ural pig iron and steel is provided by four modern metallurgical giants - Magnitogorsk, Nizhniy Tagil, Orsk-Khalilovsk combines and the Chelyabinsk plant. All of them have a full production cycle and continue to expand.
Comparing the location of old and new centers of ferrous metallurgy, it is clear that three new enterprises were built in the South Urals, away from the old mining strip. The shift of ferrous metallurgy to the south was facilitated by two circumstances: the presence of reserves of iron ores that were not touched in the past and the lesser distance from the coking coal deposits than in the Middle Urals.
The centuries-old experience of the Ural metallurgists, the high quality of raw materials, the presence of some iron ore deposits of alloying metals in the ore favor the development of the production of high-quality steels in the Urals, for the production of which it has no equal among the economic regions.
The Ural holds a special place in the production of pipes. Its factories produce over ’/ 3 of all pipes produced in Russia. This branch of ferrous metallurgy, which originated in the Urals in the 1920s, is one of the most promising. There are five powerful pipe factories operating here, producing thousands of types of pipes with diameters ranging from fractions of a millimeter to one and a half meters. The Ural pipes are both the needle of a medical syringe, and a tube for supplying fuel to the engine, and a cylinder for liquid gas or carbon dioxide, and a ball bearing holder, and sewer manifolds, and, of course, oil and gas pipelines.
Iron ore has been mined in the Urals for centuries. As usual, in the beginning they took what was closer and of better quality. Therefore, most of the ore deposits located closer to the surface are now depleted. But it is impossible to stop the development of the Ural metallurgy in conditions when the country needs more and more metal. And although not a single new metallurgical plant has been built in the Urals over the past decade and a half, metal smelting is growing from year to year. This is achieved through the reconstruction and expansion of existing enterprises. This way of increasing production is less expensive than building new factories, and therefore has undeniable advantages in areas such as the Urals. With the growth of metal smelting, the demand for iron ores also grows. How is the problem of the raw material base of the Ural metallurgy being solved today?
It is known that the Urals are rich in iron ores, but how much iron ore reserves are hidden in its bowels? How much metal can be smelted from these ores? How long will they last? It depends not only on the amount of reserves, but also on the content of iron in them, and it varies greatly. That is why, in recent years, they increasingly resort to calculating reserves based on the amount of iron extracted from ore. This method is more correct.
The bulk of the Ural iron is concentrated in poor ores. Therefore, the share of the Urals in the country in terms of recoverable iron reserves is much lower. But according to some estimates, it is 6%. This means that the Urals will have enough of their own ores at the current level of development of ferrous metallurgy for 100 years. But not everything that lies in the ground can be used. About 2,000 iron ore deposits have been discovered in the Urals. However, only one tenth of these deposits are of industrial importance; the development of the rest is considered economically unprofitable, and sometimes impossible, given the current state of the art and the scale of production. These are the so-called off-balance stocks, that is, stocks that are not accounted for by a special cadastre.
The best ores of the Urals are magnetites. Although they are more refractory than brown or red iron ores, they contain a lot of iron - up to 65%. Ores containing more than 50% iron are usually smelted without beneficiation. There are few such ores left in the Urals. Ural factories began to switch to smelting poorer ores. This required the construction of mining and processing enterprises in the mines. There are about three dozen of them built in the Urals.
Enrichment of ore in ferrous metallurgy began to take root later than in non-ferrous metallurgy. But already now the main part of the ores used by the metallurgical industry of our country is being processed. A new step in the development of the mining industry is associated with the use of titanomagnetites of the Kachkanarsky and siderite ores of the Bakalsky deposits. They contain a large amount of iron ore reserves of the Urals. For a long time titanomagnetites were not used in ferrous metallurgy. They are refractory, and the presence of titanium disrupted the course of the blast furnace process due to the formation of the so-called "goats" - a refractory mass of metal and slag frozen in a blast furnace. At the same time, the blast furnace had to be stopped, part of the masonry had to be disassembled, the resulting mass had to be cut into separate pieces with nozzles and removed.
Titanomagnetites have been used in our country as metallurgical raw materials since the 1940s. This became possible after the separate enrichment of the ore and the production of
separately iron and titanium concentrates. The Chusovoy plant was a pioneer in the development of titanomagnetite smelting, and from the beginning of the 60s, the Nizhniy Tagil plant switched over to titanomagnetite smelting.
In the photo: "In the Urals" (1888), painting by V. G. Kazantsev.
In pre-Petrine times, the Urals in Russia were called "Stone". Even during the deep Middle Ages, Novgorodians came here from time to time, later - those who could no longer sit in the habitable places located closer to the center fled from the hardships of life. The real development and settlement of the Urals by Russians began after Yermak's campaign, at the end of the 16th century. Since that time and for many decades, the city of Verkhoturye, founded in 1598, has become the main city of this region.
Founding of the metallurgical industry in the Urals
In January 1697, an extremely important report from the Verkhoturye governor Dmitry Protasyev was submitted to Moscow: iron ore was found on the Neiva River, which is within the Stone Belt (Ural Mountains). The voivode attached ore samples to the report. This message was strategic in nature.
The Russian state experienced an urgent need for all kinds of resources at the time. The reserves of precious and non-ferrous metals explored by that time, necessary for the monetary and military affairs, were not enough. The available iron was largely imported, with Sweden being the main supplier. The actual Russian ore reserves in the center of Russia, and even more forest resources, so necessary for iron production, have been severely depleted. On the eve of the decisive battles of Peter I, it was with the Swedes that it was impossible not to pay attention to the good news from the Urals, especially since the samples showed that the ore found was “very good”.
Foundation of the Nevyansk Metallurgical Plant
In 1697-1699, a series of personal decrees followed, the meaning of which was as follows:
"In the Verkhotursky district, on the Tagil and Nev'e rivers, where iron ore has been found, to re-establish iron factories."
In the first half of 1700, the creation of metallurgical production began in the Urals. A workers' settlement grew up nearby. Both the young enterprise and the settlement near it began to be called the Nevyansk plant. This is how the mighty Ural industry, famous afterwards, was born. The first pig iron from the blast furnace was issued by the Nevyansk plant on December 15, 1701.
Sasha Mitrahovic 14.08.2017 14:24
On March 4, 1702, Peter I signed a decree on the transfer of the Nevyansk production of the "arms iron business" to Nikita Demidov, the owner of an iron-making plant in Tula. The king greatly appreciated this gunsmith, whom he had met several years earlier. There are a number of legends about the first meeting of Peter I and Nikita Demidov.
Regardless of how faithful the surviving legends are, it is reliably known that the autocrat made him a supplier of weapons for the Russian army during the Northern War. The quality of the product produced was high, the demand for it was increasing, and the sovereign, who saw in cooperation with Demidov the guarantee of a future final victory, expanded his privileges. The transfer of the state-owned Nevyansk plant with the condition of delivering iron to the state within five years was one of many examples of mutually beneficial cooperation between the entrepreneur and the tsar.
Demidov factories in the Urals
Nikita Demidov launched a vigorous activity in the Urals to create new enterprises. By the late 1710s and early 1720s, he built several ironworks there. Among them was the Byngovskiy plant, founded seven miles from Nevyanskiy in 1718. According to some reports, since 1731, the first in Russia factory for the production of braids operated in Byngi.
The father's business was continued by his eldest son Akinfiy. On one of the maps of the 1730s, a huge territory of Demidov's possessions with the center in the Nevyansk plant is designated as "the department of Akinfiy Demidov." Father and son did their best. The authors of the book "Nevyansk", published in 1982, wrote about the legacy they left and what happened to it later:
“After the death of Akinfiy Demidov in August 1745, an industrial“ power ”remained, consisting of 22 iron and copper factories (not counting the three Altai ones taken to the treasury), 96 mines, 36 villages with numerous villages, 3 piers, more than 36 thousand workers and employees. Not wanting to divide his "department" into parts, Akinfiy Demidov bequeathed all the factories to his youngest son Nikita. But the other sons considered themselves offended. The litigation between the heirs of Akinfiy Demidov dragged on for more than ten years. And only on May 1, 1758, the sons took possession of their factories. The Nevyansk part with the factories Nevyanskiy, Byngovskiy, Shuralinskiy, Verkhnetagilskiy, Shaitanskiy and others went to the eldest - Prokofy ... When, soon after P.A. answered: "I never happened to be in the factories there, and then what kind of factories have burdens and what kind of assistance is needed, now I cannot show."
Demidov Akinfiy Nikitich
Akinfiy Demidov was born in 1678 in Tula, where the enterprises of his father Nikita were located. Having studied mining at home, he went abroad for an internship at foundries in Saxony. During this trip, in the city of Freiburg, Akinfiy Nikitich acquired a rich mineralogical collection. Subsequently, this collection, supplemented by Ural and Siberian specimens, was donated by his children through II Shuvalov to Moscow University.
With a whip and a compass
Akinfiy Demidov from a young age was the right hand of his father. Even during his lifetime, he managed the Nevyansk plant, actively took up the construction of a plant in Byngy. Having inherited the family business after the death of Nikita Demidov, the future famous Ural industrialist continued to give him all his time and energy. In one of his letters to A. D. Menshikov, he wrote that factories, like little children, require constant attention. Not sparing himself, the owner of factories demanded the same from others. Biographers testify primarily to the cruelty of Akinfia.
Along with cruelty and treachery, Nikita and Akinfiy Demidovs are characterized by deep knowledge of mining, the ability to understand and apply the latest forms of organization of metallurgical production, the desire to equip enterprises with the latest technology.
Library of Akinfiy Demidov
A very striking feature that characterizes Akinfiy Demidov is his book collection. The industrialist's library contained 441 titles of "Russian and German books". Some of the foreign publications were acquired during Demidov's European trip; some books were apparently subscribed to later.
A significant part of the library was religious literature, it contained an almost complete "circle" of liturgical books. Of course, the collection of publications on metallurgical production was also significant. Of other literature, Akinfiy Nikitich preferred historical writings and travel descriptions. There were pedagogical and edifying works in his library (for the education of heirs worthy of the title of nobility), samples of "entertaining" literature (opera librettos, descriptions of fireworks, materials on coronation celebrations, etc.).
In terms of quantity and composition, the library of Akinfiy Demidov differs from the well-known merchant book collections of the first half of the 18th century and can be compared with some libraries of representatives of the secular nobility of the post-Petrine period. This library provides an immediate insight into the bookish interests of the nascent Russian industrial bourgeoisie.
Having received the nobility from Peter I back in 1720, the Demidovs were able to buy serfs for their factories, since in Russia at that time only nobles could own serfs. However, for quite a long time, some of the Demidov people were formally listed as free. In 1737, Akinfiy turned to the government with a request to consider all his workers serfs. The servitude of workers gave the industrialist much more opportunities for better organization of production.
In 1740, Akinfiy Demidov received the rank of state councilor, and in 1744 - full state councilor. According to the Table of Ranks, this was a very high rank, corresponding to the rank of major general in the army and the court rank of chamberlain. In the same year, by decree of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, it was announced that Akinfiy was under the special patronage of the empress. The empress's will placed him in an exceptional position among industrialists and magnates. However, Demidov did not have time to take full advantage of the privileges. He died on August 5, 1745 on the way from St. Petersburg to Siberia - near the village of Yatskoe Ustye, on the Kama River.
Akinfiy Demidov's heirs
Akinfiy Demidov was married twice: the first time - to the daughter of the merchant Tarasiy Korobkov Avdotya, and the second, from 1723, to Efimia Ivanovna Paltseva. From the first wife he had sons Prokofy and Gregory, from the second - Nikita.
The result of long family litigation that took place after the death of Akinfiy Demidov was the transfer of the main part of the inheritance to the eldest son Prokofy. He, like the other sons of Akinfia, is often referred to as representatives of the industrial family, who turned out to be a kind of transitional "link" from the first Demidovs, the founders of the Ural factories, to those generations of the dynasty who did not live in factories, did not understand mining and were, according to SG Strumilin, a connoisseur of the history of ferrous metallurgy, only "foam removers". At the same time, Prokofy Demidov, a “reluctant breeder” as A. Karfidov, a local historian from Nevyansk, has aptly christened him, cannot be called an empty “burner of life”. He successfully engaged in commerce, while donating huge sums to charity, studied botany, speaking in this business and a skilled practitioner.
"Eccentricities" by P. A. Demidov
However, PA Demidov was much more famous for his "eccentricities". Contemporaries described the well-known trips of the "curiosity", gathering crowds of onlookers. Usually, from the gates of the Demidov estate, a cart of bright orange color, drawn by six horses, drove out: two pairs were ordinary peasant nags, and one was purebred horses. On the horses were riders - a dwarf and a giant. The procession was accompanied by numerous hounds with a flock of dogs of all kinds: from pocket lapdogs to huge great danes. Both the riders and the hounds were dressed in the most ridiculous dresses: one half of the garment was silk, embroidered with gold, the other half of matting; on one leg - a shoe, on the other - bast shoe. The pinnacle of the "eccentricity" was the glasses, which could be observed not only in people, but also on dogs and horses.
Yakovlevs
In 1769, the plant in Byngy, like other Nevyansk plants, was sold for eight hundred thousand rubles by its owner Prokofy Demidov to the collegiate assessor Savva Yakovlevich Sobakin, who later changed his surname to Yakovlev.
S. Yakovlev brought the former Demidov production to a new level. From the observations of A. Karfidov, a local historian of Nevyansk:
“By the beginning of the 1780s, Savva Yakovlev owned a huge mountain“ empire ”in the Urals, which in size and production capacity was not inferior to the famous“ department of Akinfiy Demidov ”. His factory dachas included 2 million hectares, the production of cast iron in 1783 amounted to 1,275,000 poods. The entire plant economy was estimated at a huge amount - almost 7,000,000 rubles. By the number of factories - only 22 - Yakovlev caught up with Akinfiy Demidov. "
After the death of Savva Yakovlev, the best part of his inheritance, which included the Byngovsky plant, went to his eldest son Peter.
Sasha Mitrahovic 14.08.2017 14:32
Ural metallurgical base
The Ural metallurgical base is the largest in Russia and is second only to the Southern metallurgical base of Ukraine within the CIS in terms of ferrous metals production. On the scale of Russia, it also ranks first in the production of non-ferrous metals. The Ural metallurgy accounts for 43% of steel and 42% of rolled products. She is the oldest in Russia. The Urals uses imported Kuznetsk coal. Own iron ore base is depleted, a significant part of raw materials is imported from Kazakhstan (Sokolovsko-Sarbaiskoe deposit), from the Kursk magnetic anomaly and Karelia. The development of its own iron ore base was associated with the development of the Kachkanarsky titanomagnetite deposit (Sverdlovsk region) and the Bakalsky siderite deposit, which account for more than half of the region's iron ore reserves. The largest enterprises for their extraction are the Kachkanar Mining and Processing Plant (GOK) and the Bakalskoye Ore Administration.
The largest centers of ferrous metallurgy were formed in the Urals: Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk, Nizhniy Tagil, Novotroitsk, Yekaterinburg, Serov, Zlatoust, etc. At present, 2/3 of iron and steel smelting falls on the Chelyabinsk and Orenburg regions. With the significant development of conversion metallurgy (steel smelting exceeds the production of pig iron), enterprises with a full cycle play the main role. They are located along the Eastern slopes of the Ural Mountains. On the Western slopes, processing metallurgy is located to a greater extent. The metallurgy of the Urals is characterized by a high level of production concentration. A special place is occupied by the Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Combine. It is the largest iron and steel smelter not only in Russia, but also in Europe.
Non-ferrous metallurgy plants:
- nickel - in the cities of Orsk, Verkhniy Ufaley, Rezh;
- copper - in the cities of Mednogorsk, Kyshtym, Karabash, Revda, Krasnouralsk, Kirovgrad;
- titanium - Verkhnyaya Salda, Berezniki;
- zinc - Chelyabinsk Zinc Plant;
- aluminum - Severouralsk and (less significant) Yekaterinburg.
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
See what the "Ural Metallurgical Base" is in other dictionaries:
European metallurgical base Ural metallurgical base Central metallurgical base Siberian metallurgical base Far Eastern metallurgical base ... Wikipedia
Steel- (Steel) Definition of steel, production and processing of steel, properties of steels Information on definition of steel, production and processing of steel, classification and properties of steels Contents Content Classification Characteristics of steel Varieties ... ... Investor encyclopedia
It serves as the basis for the development of mechanical engineering (one third of the cast metal from the blast furnace goes to mechanical engineering) and construction (1/4 of the metal goes to construction). The main raw material for the production of ferrous metals is iron ore, ... ... Wikipedia
Contents 1 Description 2 Composition 3 Metallurgical cycle ... Wikipedia
Industry- (Industry) History of industry Major industries in the world Contents Contents Section 1. History of development. Section 2. Classification of industry. Section 3. Industry. Subsection 1. Electricity. Subsection 2. Fuel ... ... Investor encyclopedia
RSFSR. I. General Information The RSFSR was formed on October 25 (November 7), 1917. It borders on the northwest with Norway and Finland, on the west with Poland, in the southeast with China, the Mongolian People's Republic, and the DPRK, as well as with the union republics of to the USSR: to the west from ... ...
Development of industry in 1917 45. While there were separate well-equipped and well-organized industries in tsarist Russia, the technical level of industry as a whole remained low, its structure was backward (the share ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
The Great October Socialist Revolution of 1917. Formation of the Soviet Socialist State The February bourgeois democratic revolution served as the prologue to the October Revolution. Only a socialist revolution ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
The USSR, the main form of planning for the country's socio-economic development, an organic part of the system of plans, including long-term, medium-term (five-year) and current national economic plans (see Planning of the national ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Main article: Economy of the USSR Contents 1 Development of industry in 1917−1945 2 Development of industry in 1946 1960 ... Wikipedia
The ferrous metallurgy of the Ural economic region is represented by all stages of production, from the extraction and processing of iron ores to the smelting of pig iron, steel and rolled products. This is one of the most important sectors of the market specialization of the Ural region. In the structure of fixed assets of the Urals, ferrous metallurgy accounts for about 1/3.
As already noted, the Urals do not cover their needs for iron ore with their own mining, ores are additionally imported from the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly, from the Kola Peninsula (at a distance of 3000-3500 km), as well as from Kazakhstan (Sokolovsko-Sarbaiskie), which are much closer. However, the problem of supplying the metallurgy of the Urals with iron ore is complicated by the transition of the Karaganda metallurgical plant (Kazakhstan) to supply from the Sokolovsko-Sarbaysky GOK. Therefore, the task is to more fully develop its own iron ore resources. On the basis of the Kachkanar group of deposits, one Kachkanar mining and processing plant is operating, and a second is being built. The production of the Bakalsk and Orsko-Khalilovski ores is increasing; in the future, ores that occur at considerable depths (Serovskoe, Glubocheskoe and other deposits) will be mined. Great importance is also attached to the intensification of geological prospecting works in the north of the Ural Mountains.
Manganese ores have not yet been mined in the Urals, although their reserves are quite significant - 41.3 million tons (the North Ural manganese basin in the Sverdlovsk region). Until recently, ferromanganese and silicomanganese were supplied from Ukraine, and marketable ore from Kazakhstan.
In the Urals, there are reserves of chromite ores (Saranovskaya group of deposits), but they are used for the production of refractories due to the low content of chromium oxide and high content of silicon. Chromites from Kazakhstan are used to smelt ferrochrome.
There is no coking coal in the region, so the process fuel is imported and comes from the Kuznetsk coal basin. In order to reduce the needs of the Urals for coking coal, it is planned to apply new technologies more widely: to use natural and associated gas, non-coking coal, etc.
The Urals are distinguished by a high level of concentration and combination of ferrous metal production. The main type of enterprises is a full cycle, producing pig iron, steel and rolled products. The largest of them - Magnitogorsk, Nizhniy Tagil, Orsk-Khalilovskiy (Novotroitsk) Combines and Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant - produce almost 80% of pig iron and 70% of steel smelted in the region. Other full-cycle enterprises are located in Chusovoy, Serov, Alapaevsk, Beloretsk and other centers.
Recycling metallurgy is also significantly developed in the Urals, mainly at old factories, which prevail in number in the region. Ferroalloys are also produced, both blast furnace (Chusovoy) and electrothermally smelted (Chelyabinsk); pipe rolling (Pervouralsk, Chelyabinsk). Only in the Urals there is smelting of naturally alloyed metals (Novotroitsk). The metal produced by the enterprises of the Urals is of high quality and relatively low cost.
However, there are serious problems in the industry. The structure of the rental produced in the region needs to be improved. The engineering industry of the Urals is a large consumer of rolled products, but more than 1/3 of rolled products have to be imported from other regions. There is a shortage of sheet metal, alloyed steel grades, etc.
The high concentration of metallurgical production has, in addition to positive aspects (reducing the cost of production, etc.) and extremely negative consequences: a sharp deterioration in the environmental situation, problems of water supply, resettlement of the population, transport, etc. at present, the main production is concentrated and there is a shortage of water resources.
An important direction for the further development of the Urals ferrous metallurgy is the technical re-equipment of existing enterprises, the accelerated implementation of the achievements of scientific and technological progress. The construction of oxygen-converter shops at the Magnitogorsk and Nizhniy Tagil plants, electric steel-making plants with continuous casting machines at the Orsk-Khalilovsky plant, Chelyabinsk, Serovsky, Alapaevsky plants is under way. All pipe factories are being reconstructed.
Since childhood, we know that the homeland of the mistress of the copper mountain is the Urals. Some of the most ancient mountain formations on earth store countless riches and, although non-ferrous metallurgy in the Urals has experienced hard times over the past few decades, this region remains one of the largest centers not only in Russia, but also in the world for the extraction and processing of non-ferrous metals.
A bit of history.
Copper, aluminum, zinc, nickel, gold are metals that have been mined and processed in the Ural region for many centuries. At the very beginning of the 18th century, the Gumeshevskoe deposit of cuprous clays was discovered, and the first copper-smelting plants appeared. At the beginning of the 20th century, non-ferrous metallurgy in the Urals developed at a very fast pace, and in the 30s of the last century, the modern metallurgical complex received its foundations in the form of large non-ferrous metallurgy plants. Mechanical engineering, which developed rapidly in the first Soviet five-year plans, became the main consumer of the metallurgical industry, and nuclear power gave a new impetus to the development of the industry. Since 1934, bauxite deposits have been actively developed in the Urals, which served as the basis for the region's aluminum industry. And at about the same time, the development of a large nickel deposit - Lipovskoye - began. Gold, silver, platinum are precious metals that have long been mined and processed in the Urals, as well as titanium, magnesium and other valuable metals.
Copper.
The palm in non-ferrous metals in the Urals belongs to copper - the extraction, enrichment and smelting of copper in Russia takes a leading place at the Ural enterprises. These are Mednogorsk, Krasnouralsk, Sredneuralsk, Kirovograd Combines. But at the Kashtym and Verkhnepyshtinsky electrolytic plants, the next stage after the smelting of blister copper is carried out - refining. A total of 11 copper industry enterprises operate in the Urals. Since copper ores contain many components of other metals - zinc, gold, selenium, cadmium, copper plants also produce these metals.
Since the development of copper ore deposits has been going on for a long time, at the moment they are quite depleted and the region's copper smelters are provided with approximately half of the raw materials.
Aluminum.
The aluminum industry of the Urals has its own raw materials. The Ural aluminum smelter was built near a bauxite deposit in the village of Kamensk (now Kamensk-Uralsky). The Bogoslovsky Aluminum Plant is the largest aluminum enterprise in the Urals, which produced the first metal on May 9, 1945. The plant uses raw materials from the Severouralsky bauxite mine. These bauxites have a high aluminum content and relatively little impurities. But aluminum cannot be obtained directly from ore; first, alumina is produced - a fine powder with a concentrated content of aluminum oxide, and only after that metal is smelted from it at very high temperatures.
However, the problem is the deep occurrence of bauxite and the energy intensity of aluminum smelting in the Urals. Therefore, the enterprises of the industry must simultaneously solve the raw material problem at the expense of raw materials from other regions and the development of other deposits, as well as strengthening the energy base.
Nickel.
The first nickel deposits were discovered in the Urals at the beginning of the 20th century. Today Ufaleiskiy, Orskiy, Serovskiy, Rezhskiy and other areas in different regions of the Ural Federal District are considered nickel-bearing. The largest in the Middle Urals is the Serov deposit, where nickel reserves amount to hundreds of thousands of tons. Nickel production, or rather its smelting without enrichment, takes place at the Rezhsk Nickel Plant - Ufaleinickel. Until recently, the largest nickel enterprise in the Urals was the South Ural Nickel Plant, which was shut down in 2012 due to unprofitable production.
Precious metals.
The Berezovskoye gold deposit near Yekaterinburg is considered the oldest and most famous in Russia, once all Russian gold was mined there. Now, at the Berezovsky mine, only about 1 percent of the country's total gold is mined. Platinum is mined in the region of the rivers of the Middle and Northern Urals, placer platinum does not require expensive processing, but the extraction of nuggets causes environmental problems.
The Yekaterinburg non-ferrous metal processing plant is a full range of works for the processing of precious metals and the production of industrial products from gold, silver and platinum.
Read also:
The processes of mergers and acquisitions of exchanges in modern realities are not accidental, and taking into account the globalization of world markets, they are becoming more and more relevant for their participants. Most often, associations go beyond the boundaries of individual countries and the exchanges become, as it were, transnational. The same happened a year ago with the most reputable platform for trading non-ferrous metals - the London Metal Exchange (LME) changed its owners.
